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Great Gable is a mountain in the Lake District, United Kingdom. It is named after its appearance as a pyramid from Wasdale, though it is dome-shaped from most other directions. It is one of the most popular of the Lakeland fells, and there are many different routes to the summit. Great Gable is linked by the high pass of Windy Gap to its smaller sister hill, Green Gable, and by the lower pass of Beck Head to its western neighbour, Kirk Fell.

Key Information

Topography

[edit]

The Western Fells occupy a triangular sector of the Lake District, bordered by the River Cocker to the north east and Wasdale to the south east. Westwards, the hills diminish toward the coastal plain of Cumbria. At the central hub of the high country are Great Gable and its satellites, while two principal ridges fan out on either flank of Ennerdale, the western fells forming a horseshoe around this valley.[1]

Great Gable and its lesser companion Green Gable stand at the head of Ennerdale, with the walkers' pass of Sty Head to their backs. This connects Borrowdale to Wasdale, giving Gable a footing in both valleys. The Borrowdale connection is quite tenuous, but Great Gable is prominent in almost any view up the lake.[1]

The upper section of Great Gable has a roughly square plan, about half a mile on each side, with the faces running in line with the four points of the compass. The fells connecting and subsidiary ridges occupy the corners of the square.

The southern flank of Great Gable seen from the summit of Scafell Pike

The northern face is formed by Gable Crag, prominent in views from Haystacks and the surrounding fells. This is the longest continuous wall of crag on the fell and reaches up almost to the summit. Scree slopes fall away below to the headwaters of the River Liza, which flows down Ennerdale. There are few crags on the eastern slopes, although these fall steeply to Styhead Tarn, a feeder of the Borrowdale system. About 30 feet (9 metres) deep, this tarn occupies a scooped hollow, dammed by boulders fallen from the slopes above. It is reputed to contain trout and is a popular location for wild camping.[2] The southern flank of Great Gable falls 2,300 feet (700 m) direct to Lingmell Beck, one of the main feeders of Wastwater. Right below the summit are the Westmorland Crags, and then a second tier breaks out lower down. These are Kern Knotts, Raven Crag and Great Napes, all footed by great tongues of scree. Finally on the west rough slopes fall below the rocks of White Napes to the narrow valley of Gable Beck, a tributary of Lingmell Beck.

From the north-western corner of the pyramid the connecting ridge to Kirk Fell runs out across the col of Beck Head (2,050 feet or 620 metres). There is a small tarn in the depression, and sometimes a second after heavy rain. Both are blind, having no apparent inlet or outflow.[2] Gable Beck runs south from Beck Head, while an unnamed tributary of the Liza flows northward. The main spine of the Western Fells continues along the north east ridge to Green Gable, dropping to Windy Gap (2,460 feet or 750 metres) as it rounds the end of Gable Crag. This ridge is rough and rocky, further worn by the boots of countless walkers. Stone Cove lies on the Ennerdale side while the rough gully of Aaron Slack runs down toward Styhead Tarn. The south-eastern ridge provides the connection to the Southern Fells, across the pass of Sty Head. This is a major crossroads for walkers and climbers, the summit being at around 1,560 feet (480 m). On the opposite slope is Great End in the Scafells. Kern Knotts lies on this south-east ridge, as does the small pool of Dry Tarn. The south-western ridge gives to high level connection, dropping down Gavel Neese in the angle between Lingmell Beck and Gable Beck.

Geology

[edit]

Lying on the edge of the Scafell Syncline, the various strata dip to the east. The summit area is formed from a dacite lava flow (Scafell Dacite), directly underlain by the Lingmell Formation. This tuff, lapilli tuff and breccia outcrops a little to the west of the summit. Around Beck Head is evidence of the Crinkle Member, welded rhyolitic tuff and lapilli tuff with some breccia. A dyke of andesite and hybridised andesite porphyry is responsible for Kern Knotts.[3]

Summit

[edit]
The Fell & Rock Climbing Club 1914–1918 War Memorial on the summit of Great Gable, Cumbria. This is the new plaque affixed in 2013, which removed earlier errors.

The summit of Great Gable is strewn with boulders and the highest point marked by a rock outcrop set with a cairn. There is a plaque set on the summit rock commemorating those members of the Fell & Rock Climbing Club who died in World War I; an annual memorial service is held here on Remembrance Sunday.[1] The club bought 3,000 acres (1,200 hectares) of land including Great Gable and donated it to the National Trust in memory of these members, and the plaque was dedicated on Whit Sunday 1924 by Geoffrey Winthrop Young in front of 500 people.[4] The bronze memorial, weighing 70 kg, was removed on 10 July 2013 by 13 soldiers and carried down the hill via a stretcher. A replacement, with spelling errors corrected, was installed by Royal Engineers in October 2013.[5]

Due to its central position within the Lake District and great prominence the summit offers panoramic views. All of the main fell groups are laid out, though Wast Water, Crummock Water and Windermere are the only lakes visible. One hundred yards (90 metres) southwest of the summit, overlooking the Napes, is the Westmorland Cairn. This cairn was erected in 1876 by two brothers named Westmorland to mark what they considered to be the finest view in the Lake District.[citation needed] From here ground falls away into the upper Wasdale valley. Further cairns mark the top of Gable Crag. The summit has become a popular site for the scattering of ashes following cremation.[6]

Ascents

[edit]

Routes to climb to the summit start from all of the main dales that radiate out from central Lakeland. A popular route is to climb Sour Milk Gill from Seathwaite in Borrowdale, first ascending Green Gable before traversing Windy Gap.[1][7]

Other walking routes

[edit]

Alfred Wainwright described the 'Gable Girdle', a circuit around the fell at mid height.[1] This links a number of existing paths, namely the north and south traverses, Styhead Pass, Aaron Slack and Moses Trod. The south traverse climbs westward from Sty Head and provides access to the Napes and Kern Knotts for rock climbers. The route offers views of Napes Needle, Sphinx Rock and many other climbing locations. The north traverse similarly runs beneath Gable Crag to Windy Gap. In the west the two traverses are joined by a section of Moses Trod, running up the southern side of Beck Head. "Moses" was a possibly apocryphal trader-cum-smuggler, based at Honister Quarry.[citation needed] His route contoured the fellside from there to provide access to Wasdale markets for his illicit whisky. Moses Trod would also function as a route with minimal uphill sections for transporting slate from the quarry to the coast. Aaron Slack provides a fast down from Windy Gap to Sty Head.[1]

Rock climbing

[edit]
See also: History of rock climbing
Napes Needle

Great Gable has cliffs to the north (Gable Crag) and south (Westmorland Crags, the Napes, and Kern Knotts). The Napes are important in the history of English rock climbing: Walter Parry Haskett Smith's ascent of the detached pinnacle of Napes Needle in June 1886 is thought by some to mark the origins in England of rock climbing as a sport in its own right.[8] A BBC documentary by Eye to Eye on the history of mountaineering in 1956 filmed Monica Jackson with Horace "Rusty" Westmoreland climbing it.[8]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Great Gable

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from Grokipedia
Great Gable is a prominent fell in the in , , rising to a height of 899 metres (2,949 ft) above . Located at the central heart of the region, it forms a striking pyramidal silhouette when viewed from Wasdale Head, dominating the skyline between the valleys of Wasdale, Ennerdale, and . The mountain's rugged terrain, including steep crags and slopes, makes it a challenging yet iconic destination for hillwalkers and mountaineers, offering panoramic vistas across the western fells and towards , England's highest peak. Great Gable holds significant historical importance in British mountaineering, particularly as a cradle of in the late . In 1886, Walter Parry Haskett-Smith made the first recorded ascent of Napes Needle, a freestanding rock pinnacle on its western face, marking a pivotal moment that popularized technical climbing in the and beyond. The fell's crags, such as the Napes and Kern Knotts, became testing grounds for early climbers, with routes graded from moderate scrambles to severe rock climbs that remain classics today. Following , Great Gable was acquired by the Fell and Rock Climbing Club in 1920 as part of "The Great Gift to the Nation," a donation of 3,000 acres encompassing 12 fells, presented to the in memory of club members killed in the conflict. On 8 June 1924, a bronze plaque was dedicated on the summit by club president Dr. Arthur Wakefield, inscribed with the Latin phrase "In memoriam" and listing the names of the fallen; this serves as a poignant and is the focal point of annual gatherings. The continues to manage the area, undertaking extensive path repairs through the Fix the Fells partnership to mitigate erosion from heavy foot traffic. Popular routes to the summit include ascents from Wasdale Head via Styhead Tarn (approximately 1,000 m of ascent over 10 km), through the Corridor Route, or Seathwaite in , each showcasing the fell's varied geology of Borrowdale Volcanic rocks. Its accessibility, combined with stunning 360-degree views, has cemented Great Gable's status as one of the Lake District's most photographed and visited peaks, often featured in literature by and in the park's promotional imagery.

Physical Geography

Topography

Great Gable occupies a central position in the Western Fells of the National Park in , , lying at the confluence of three major valleys: to the east, Wasdale to the south, and Ennerdale to the west. This strategic location contributes to its prominence within the rugged upland landscape, where it forms a key link between the high ground of the massif and the northern extensions toward the Fells. The fell rises sharply to an of 899 m (2,949 ft), exhibiting a dramatic pyramid-like profile when seen from the floor of Wasdale, which accentuates its imposing presence above Wastwater, England's deepest lake. From alternative viewpoints, such as those in or Ennerdale, its form softens into a broader, dome-shaped contour, reflecting the varied of the surrounding and crags. The summit's rocky outcrops and slopes define its upper structure, with the mountain's overall layout emphasizing steep ascents and interconnecting ridges that integrate it into the broader fell system. Prominent ridges radiate from the summit, shaping the mountain's physical connections to adjacent terrain. To the north, a broad ridge extends toward Kirk Fell, passing through the at Beck Head, a notable pass with tarn-fed streams. Southward, a steep descends toward Lingmell, marking the abrupt transition to lower ground, while the eastern ridge links to Green Gable via the of Windy Gap, facilitating access to the watershed. On the western flank, the ridge trends into Ennerdale through the dramatic chasm of Great Hell Gate, a steep scree-filled flanked by cliffs. These features underscore Great Gable's role as a hub in the Western Fells' . Among the surrounding features, Styhead Tarn lies at the southeastern base, a compact covering about 2 hectares with a maximum depth of approximately 9 m, fed by streams from the higher fells and serving as a natural divider between Great Gable and the range. The southern slopes plunge steeply, dropping around 700 m to the incised valley of Lingmell Beck, creating a stark relief that highlights the mountain's isolation from lower valleys. The western face is dominated by Gable Crag, a sheer rock wall rising prominently above Ennerdale, adding to the fell's craggy character. Great Gable connects directly to neighboring summits such as Base Brown to the south and Brandreth to the northeast via Green Gable, forming part of an extensive chain of undulating plateaus and cols that define the Lake District's high-level contours.

Geology

Great Gable formed during the period, approximately 450 million years ago, as part of the Volcanic Group (BVG), a thick sequence of volcanic rocks exceeding 6 km in thickness that dominates the central and western . This group represents explosive volcanism in an setting above a zone, with the southern occupying a basin where lavas and pyroclastic deposits accumulated. The mountain's summit and upper slopes consist primarily of the Scafell Dacite, a viscous, flow-foliated lava flow from the Lingmell Formation, which erupted as part of post-caldera magmatism within the Scafell Caldera complex. The Lingmell Formation underlying the includes stratified sequences of pale-weathered, garnetiferous , lapilli-tuff, and pyroclastic up to 450 m thick, recording and subaerial explosive eruptions. At Kern Knotts on the western flank, these volcaniclastics are intruded by an dyke and hybridised porphyry, part of the Minor Intrusion Suite associated with the BVG. Rhyolite intrusions, such as those linked to the Rosthwaite Rhyolite member, also occur within the formation, representing late-stage with flow-foliated, crystal-poor lavas. Over approximately 450 million years, extensive erosion has sculpted Great Gable's rugged profile, beginning with tectonic uplift and folding during the around 420–400 million years ago, when the closure of the deformed the BVG into tight folds and thrusts. Subsequent phases of , including fluvial and glacial action during the , have exposed the resistant volcanic rocks while deepening valleys and accentuating ridges. This long-term erosion integrates Great Gable into the broader geology, where the BVG forms the core of the Borrowdale dome, uplifted and preserved amid surrounding sediments deformed by the same orogenic events.

Summit

Description

The summit of Great Gable is marked by a prominent on a rocky outcrop, which serves as the at an elevation of 899 metres. The grid reference for this feature is NY211103. The immediate summit area forms a rugged rocky plateau covered in boulders, with steep slopes descending on multiple sides, including towards Windy Gap to the northeast at approximately 750 metres. These fields and loose rock contribute to the exposed and challenging nature of the terrain, requiring careful navigation due to the instability and steep gradients. Positioned at the heart of the Western Fells, the summit acts as a pivotal orientation hub, offering a strategic vantage for identifying surrounding fells and valleys. The underlying Volcanic Group rocks form the geological foundation of this dramatic peak environment. Nearby, a plaque embedded in the rock near the commemorates the fallen of the First World War.

Views

The summit of Great Gable provides a commanding 360-degree across the , encompassing major fells in all directions due to its central location and 899-meter . To the south, dominates the horizon as England's highest mountain, while the rugged profiles of Esk Pike and Bowfell extend the southern vista. Westward, Pillar rises prominently with High Stile beyond, framing the wild Ennerdale valley, and eastward, the distant bulk of marks the edge of the Eastern Fells, with Grasmoor and closer in the northern view. Among the most striking sights are the deep glacial lakes and valleys that carve through the surrounding terrain, offering a dramatic contrast to the rocky fells. Ennerdale Water lies to the northwest, its serpentine form overlooked by Haystacks, while Wastwater stretches southward as England's deepest lake, hemmed in by the steep screes of Illgill Head. The valley unfolds to the northeast with its classic U-shape, and gleams to the north, backed by the Coledale fells like Crag Hill and Robinson. These features create a layered composition of water, woodland, and moorland visible from the Westmorland Cairn, the primary viewpoint on the summit plateau. Optimal viewing conditions occur on clear days, when visibility can extend to over 50 fells across the , revealing intricate details from in the north to the Langdale Pikes in the southeast. Atmospheric phenomena, such as temperature inversions, enhance the scene during early mornings or autumn, trapping low cloud in the valleys below while the summit pierces a sea of mist, dramatically isolating peaks like Kirk Fell and Dale Head. These vistas hold significant value for , capturing iconic compositions of framed against Wastwater or the inversion layers over Ennerdale, often featured in professional portfolios. For navigators and , the expansive sightlines from the serve as a critical orientation aid, allowing identification of distant routes and fells essential for planning traverses in the complex terrain.

History and Culture

Naming and Exploration

The name "Great Gable" derives from the Old Norse word gafl, meaning "gable" or the triangular end of a ridged roof, applied descriptively to the mountain's prominent pyramidal shape when viewed from Wasdale, resembling a house gable. This etymology reflects the Norse influence on place names, stemming from Viking settlements in the region during the 9th and 10th centuries, though the specific name "Great Gable" appears to have been formalized later, likely in the post-medieval period as mapping and descriptive topography advanced. The "Great" prefix distinguishes it from the nearby smaller fell, Green Gable, emphasizing its scale and visibility. Early human interactions with the Great Gable area were limited, with no direct evidence of settlement on the fell itself, but activity is attested nearby through major stone axe production sites in the Langdale and regions, dating to around 4000–2500 BCE, where high-quality volcanic was quarried and distributed across Britain. During the medieval period, the surrounding valleys supported shepherds who grazed livestock on the fells, including routes over adjacent to Great Gable, while slate quarrying at Honister—evidenced from the but possibly rooted in earlier medieval extraction—influenced local paths and economic activity without extensive direct impact on the summit. These activities established rudimentary tracks that later facilitated exploration. In the , Great Gable gained prominence through the Romantic movement, with describing its "distinct and huge form" in her 1802 journal entry during an excursion to , contributing to the celebration of the Lake District's sublime beauty that drew artists and visitors to the region and elevated the fell's cultural status. Documented ascents began appearing in the , often by surveyors and early topographers mapping the fells, though local shepherds and miners likely reached the summit informally much earlier; these records marked the transition from utilitarian use to recreational pursuit. The fell's modern ownership stems from a post-World War I initiative, when the Fell and Rock Climbing Club purchased approximately 3,000 acres encompassing Great Gable in 1920 and gifted it to the as part of the "Great Gift"—a to club members killed in the war, ensuring public access as a "people's fell" in perpetuity. This acquisition, formalized in 1920, preserved the mountain from private development and underscored its role in national heritage.

Memorial and Legacy

In 1924, the Fell and Rock Climbing Club (FRCC) installed a bronze plaque on the of Great Gable as a to its members who died in the First World War. The plaque bears the inscription: "Fell and Rock Climbing Club. In glorious and happy memory of those whose names are inscribed below - members of the club - who died for their country in the great war 1914-1918 and in perpetual remembrance of their love of fells and in grateful recognition of the gift of these fells to the nation by their friends and fellow members 1924," followed by the names of 20 fallen members. This act complemented the club's earlier "Great Gift" of land to the in 1920, preserving the surrounding fells in their honor. Due to weathering over nearly a century and errors in the original casting, the plaque was removed in 2013 by the Royal Engineers and recast with corrections before being reinstalled on the summit. The FRCC continues to maintain the site, holding an annual Act of Remembrance service on the nearest 11 , drawing hundreds of participants regardless of affiliation to honor the war dead through readings, wreath-laying, and a . In 2024, the FRCC marked the 100th anniversary of the plaque's dedication with commemorative events, including ascents of the 12 gifted fells. The symbolizes the profound sacrifice of the FRCC's 20 members lost in the , serving as a poignant emblem of loss amid the 's rugged beauty and inspiring ongoing reflection on mountaineering's human cost. It has become a site for personal tributes, including the scattering of ashes by those who cherished the mountain. Culturally, Great Gable's has resonated in literature, such as in Wade Davis's Into the , which recounts the 1924 dedication attended by poet Geoffrey Winthrop Young, a club leader and amputee veteran, and in art through exhibitions like the Heaton Cooper Studio's centenary display of war-themed Lake District works.

Recreation

One of the most popular routes to the summit of Great Gable begins at Seathwaite in and follows Sour Milk Gill, offering a steep but scenic ascent through Gillercombe to Green Gable before crossing Windy Gap to the main summit. This path passes Styhead Tarn and provides options to join the nearby Corridor Route for a more gradual traverse, covering approximately 8 km with 870 m of ascent and taking around 4.5 hours for fit hikers. The route involves rough, stony terrain without technical difficulties but requires careful footing on the initial gill climb. From Wasdale Head near Wastwater, a common approach heads steeply via Sty Head, often incorporating the historic Moses Trod path to reach Styhead Tarn before ascending to the summit via the Breast Route or Climbers' Traverse. This strenuous out-and-back route spans about 10.5 km with 1,130 m of elevation gain, passing Burmmoor Tarn en route and demanding 4-6 hours for the ascent due to rocky sections and exposure. The path from Wastwater is notably steep, with loose and potential for minor near the top. A more remote option starts in the Ennerdale valley near the Black Sail Youth Hostel, ascending via Black Sail Pass to the col before contouring over Brandreth or Kirk Fell to reach Great Gable's summit. This isolated route covers roughly 13 km with over 1,000 m of ascent, taking 4-6 hours uphill amid wild, pathless stretches and stunning valley views, though it demands strong navigation skills in low visibility. The pass itself is steep and boggy in places, emphasizing the area's unspoiled character. All these ascents are classified as strenuous, suitable for experienced walkers, with challenges including steep gradients, rocky ground, and exposure to sudden changes that can obscure paths and increase disorientation risks. Estimated ascent times range from 4 to 6 hours depending on fitness and conditions, underscoring the need for proper preparation and equipment.

Other Walking Routes

The Gable Girdle is a renowned high-level circuit that encircles Great Gable without ascending its , offering panoramic views of the surrounding valleys and fells. This 10.8-kilometer (6.7-mile) route begins at Seathwaite in , crossing the River Derwent and ascending alongside Sourmilk Gill to reach Green Gable. From there, it traverses westward below Gable Crag, descends to Beck Head, and continues southward along the western slopes, passing notable features such as White Napes and the dramatic Great Napes area, before reaching Sty Head Tarn. The return leg follows Aaron Slack back to Windy Gap and descends to Seathwaite, incorporating elements near Brandreth for a complete loop. praised it as "the finest mountain walk in the district that does not aim to reach a ," highlighting its blend of rugged terrain and expansive vistas. Moses Trod provides a historic traverse along the western flanks of Great Gable, serving as an ancient and path that avoids the peak's steeper aspects. Originating from , this route follows an old quarry track to Drum House before contouring westward around the lower slopes of Brandreth and Green Gable, eventually linking to Windy Gap en route toward Wasdale. Named after the legendary smuggler Rigg, who purportedly used it in the to transport illicit and goods, the path skirts the mountain's northwestern and western faces, offering a gentler gradient amid heritage. As part of a circular extension, it spans approximately 10.4 kilometers (6.5 miles) with 683 meters of ascent when combined with descents via Green Gable and Brandreth, making it suitable for experienced walkers seeking alongside natural beauty. Extensions to Alfred Wainwright's allow integration of Great Gable via paths crossing Ennerdale Valley, transforming the long-distance trail into a more ambitious circuit. The core route passes through Ennerdale from toward , utilizing remote tracks like Black Sail Pass; from here, walkers can branch off to traverse Great Gable's flanks using Moses Trod or similar contours, adding a high-level loop before rejoining the main path eastward. This variation, often recommended for those with extra time, extends the Ennerdale stage by 8-10 miles, emphasizing the area's wild isolation while linking to Wainwright's vision of crossing three national parks. High-level traverses from Great Gable to neighboring fells like Pillar and Kirk Fell offer exploratory variations for circuit builders, focusing on ridge paths rather than direct ascents. To Pillar, the route from Wasdale Head incorporates the High Level Traverse, a historic climber's path that contours above Looking Stead toward Pillar Rock before summiting the fell, spanning about 15 kilometers in a loop with 1,000 meters of ascent across rugged, intermittently pathless terrain. Similarly, traverses to Kirk Fell from Great Gable via the col between them provide a challenging approximately 13-kilometer circular option from Wasdale, navigating steep, eroded slopes with views into Mosedale. Seasonal considerations are crucial for these routes, as snow accumulation above 600 meters from late autumn to spring can render paths icy and hazardous, necessitating microspikes or crampons, navigation skills, and awareness of avalanche risks in corries. Routes may pass near the Great Gable War Memorial during such traverses, allowing a brief pause for reflection.

Rock Climbing

Great Gable holds a pivotal place in the history of British rock climbing, often regarded as its birthplace due to the of Napes Needle in June 1886 by W. P. Haskett-Smith, who soloed the 20-meter pinnacle via its crack, marking one of the earliest deliberate rock climbs in the UK. This feat on the mountain's southern Wasdale face spurred the development of technical climbing techniques and gear use in the . The crag's rhyolite formations, including dykes that form natural holds, contributed to its early appeal for pioneers seeking challenging terrain. The mountain's major crags—Napes, Kern Knotts, and Gable Crag—offer diverse routes spanning grades from Moderate to E6, with the Napes providing iconic ridges and walls, Kern Knotts featuring compact overhanging buttresses, and Gable Crag delivering steep lines. Historic routes exemplify early 20th-century innovation, such as Needle Ridge on the Napes (VD), a multi-pitch traverse first ascended in the that combines slabs and arêtes for accessible yet exposed . On Kern Knotts, the overhanging Kern Knotts (HS 4b) stands as a seminal moderate route from the , involving awkward jamming in a deep fissure that tested early leaders' skills. Similarly, Tophet Wall on the Napes (HS 4b), first climbed in July 1923 by H. M. Kelly and R. E. W. Pritchard, pushed boundaries with its bold traverse and sustained wall pitches, earning acclaim as one of the finest routes of its grade. In contemporary climbing, Great Gable's crags see heavy use, prompting concerns over path erosion and rock wear, particularly on popular approaches like those to Styhead Pass; the British Mountaineering Council and advocate minimal-impact practices, including sticking to established lines and avoiding loose to mitigate environmental degradation. Access remains open but subject to weather-dependent conditions and voluntary restrictions during lambing seasons to protect local wildlife, with notable incidents like fatal falls underscoring the need for helmets, ropes, and route familiarity on its polished holds.

References

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  48. https://www.heatoncooper.co.uk/blogs/blog/mountain
  49. https://billbirkett.com/bill-birkett/product/to-great-gable-via-sourmilk-gill/
  50. https://www.mudandroutes.com/routes/walk-up-great-gable-from-wasdale-head-via-sty-head-and-aaron-slack/
  51. https://www.yha.org.uk/experience/walking-and-rambling-black-sail
  52. https://www.walkingenglishman.com/lakes37.htm
  53. https://www.thegreatoutdoorsmag.com/spot/gable-girdle-route-guide/
  54. https://www.mudandroutes.com/routes/great-gable-via-moses-trod/
  55. https://www.walkingenglishman.com/coast2coast.htm
  56. https://www.alltrails.com/trail/england/cumbria/great-gable-kirk-fell-and-pillar-circular
  57. https://www.thebmc.co.uk/en/hill-walking-in-winter-do-i-need-crampons
  58. https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/destinations/napes_needle_and_needle_ridge_great_gable-1976
  59. https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/features/the_geology_of_britain_-_a_climbers_perspective_part_1_-_igneous_rocks-11784
  60. https://www.ukhillwalking.com/articles/destinations/napes_needle_and_needle_ridge_great_gable-1976
  61. https://www.ukclimbing.com/logbook/crags/kern_knotts-523/kern_knotts_chimney-5450
  62. https://www.adventurehunter.co.uk/tour/guided-rock-climbing-on-tophet-wall/
  63. https://thebmc.co.uk/en/mend-our-mountains-get-stuck-in
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