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Hazira is a suburb and a transshipment port in the Surat City in the Gujarat state of India. It is the west most end of Surat.

Key Information

Hazira is one of the major ports of India and the most important element of Surat Metropolitan Region. The town is known as the industrial hub of India and is located on the bank of the Tapti River, eight kilometers away from the Arabian Sea. It is a centre for health tourism due to its natural springs, and a base for major industrial and shipping facilities like Essar, Kribhco, Shell, Larsen & Toubro, NTPC, ONGC, GAIL, GSEG power plant, Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation, UltraTech Cement and Hazira Manufacturing Division (HMD) of Reliance Industries.

Etymology

[edit]

The original name of the village was Dhau. The village had a grave, Vaux’s Tomb of the Deputy Governor of Bombay named John Vaux. The grave in Gujarati was known as "Bakasno Hajiro" (બકાસનો હજીરો) is called as "Hajiro" (હજીરો). The name became popular and village became famous as Hajira.[1]

Transport

[edit]

Hazira is 22 km from Surat and takes 30–35 minutes from Surat to Hazira[2].[clarification needed] One can avail Gujarat State Road Transport Corporation's bus service from Adajan GSRTC Depot to reach Hazira.

Port

[edit]
Main article: Hazira Port Private Limited

Hazira Port is a deep-water liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal and multi-cargo port. The LNG terminal is operational and it is India's largest, with a storage and export capacity of 2.5 million tonnes. It is a joint venture between Shell Oil and Total S.A.[3] Storage and export capacity is intended to be increased to 3.8 million tonnes by the end of 2009.[3]

A container terminal capable of handling one million TEU is currently under construction by Singapore company PSA Corporation.[3]

L&T shipyard started production of small ships and naval crafts in 2010. In 2021 the facility was renamed the A M Naik Heavy Engineering Complex.[4]

In May of 2025 the Indian Navy warship INS Surat docked in Hazira.[5]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Hazira

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Hazira is a coastal industrial suburb and multi-cargo port located in , , , approximately 25 kilometers west of city center and 285 kilometers from . It serves as the westernmost extension of the Surat metropolitan region and acts as a critical gateway port for the hinterlands of northern, western, and , situated within one of the country's most industrialized belts. As part of the , Hazira spans an industrial area of about 474.51 hectares and supports extensive , trade, and logistics activities. The , primarily operated by Adani Hazira Port Limited (AHPL), is a deep-water, all-weather, direct-berthing facility that handles a wide range of cargoes, including bulk, break-bulk, liquid chemicals, products, edible s, containers, automotive components, and crude . Established as the only common-user multi-cargo deep-draft port in , it provides multimodal connectivity via , rail, and to major markets in , , the , and beyond, enhancing regional trade efficiency. Complementing the port, the Hazira Inland Terminal covers 110 acres and manages domestic and export-import cargo such as coal, steel, fertilizers, and agro products, with capacities for three full rake lines, 75,000 square feet of warehousing, and 24/7 operations. Hazira's industrial landscape features major players in petrochemicals, oil and gas, steel, and food processing, including facilities operated by Reliance Industries, Larsen & Toubro, ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel India, and Adani Wilmar. As of 2025, Adani Ports has announced a Rs 19,000 crore expansion to increase the port's capacity sixfold and inaugurated the world's first steel slag road within the port premises, further boosting sustainable infrastructure. The area's strategic location has driven infrastructure development, such as highway expansions connecting it to national networks, positioning it as a hub for heavy industries and sustainable trade in western India. Beyond industry, Hazira includes attractions like Suvali Beach, offering recreational spaces amid its commercial prominence.

Geography

Location and Boundaries

Hazira is a western suburb of in the of , , positioned at geographic coordinates 21°08′N 72°39′E. This places it approximately 25 kilometers southwest of Surat's city center, forming the westernmost extension of the city's urban expanse. As a key component of the Surat Metropolitan Region, Hazira integrates seamlessly into the broader metropolitan framework, supporting regional connectivity and development. The area's boundaries are generally defined by natural and developed features: the Tapi River demarcates its northern edge, while the forms the western limit, providing direct coastal access. To the lies the village of Suvali, and to the east are adjacent industrial zones that blend into the surrounding economic landscape. These boundaries highlight Hazira's strategic coastal positioning within the district. Accessibility to Hazira from central is facilitated primarily via National Highway 53 (formerly NH-6), covering the roughly 27-kilometer route in about 30 minutes by car under normal conditions. This connectivity underscores Hazira's role as an integral outpost of Surat's , easing movement for residents and commerce.

Climate and Environment

Hazira, located along the coast in , , experiences a characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. The region receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 1,200 to 1,500 mm, with the majority occurring during the monsoon period from to , influenced by the southwest winds. Summers are hot and humid, with temperatures often reaching up to 40°C in May, while winters are mild, with averages between 15°C and 25°C from to . The proximity to the moderates temperatures and contributes to high humidity levels throughout the year, occasionally leading to coastal fog. The coastal ecosystem of Hazira features diverse environmental elements, including forests along the , which serve as vital habitats for and natural barriers against . These , mapped extensively in the region, support a range of flora and adapted to brackish waters and play a key role in nutrient cycling within the estuarine system. The area also includes sandy beaches, such as the notable beach at Suvali, known for its unique dark, slippery sands formed by local geological processes and tidal influences. However, Hazira's coastal position exposes it to vulnerability from tropical originating in the , with the coast experiencing periodic severe events that cause storm surges, flooding, and wind damage; historical data indicates the region is among the more prone areas in the state due to its low-lying and estuarine features. and coastal help mitigate some cyclone impacts by reducing wave energy and stabilizing sediments. Industrial activities in Hazira have raised concerns over air and water quality, primarily due to emissions from petrochemical, steel, and port operations that release pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and heavy metals into the atmosphere and Tapi estuary. Studies highlight elevated levels of nutrients and potential hypoxia in estuarine waters, linked to industrial effluents, which can lead to fish kills and ecosystem degradation. The Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) monitors these issues through regular ambient air and water sampling at multiple stations in the area, enforcing compliance with national standards and occasionally closing non-compliant units, as seen in actions against 28 polluting facilities in 2024. Ongoing efforts include effluent treatment mandates and environmental impact assessments to address these challenges and protect the coastal environment.

History

Early Settlement and Etymology

The name Hazira derives from the term meaning "present" or "ready," possibly alluding to its strategic accessibility as a coastal site. Hazira's early settlement is linked to the broader origins of the region, tracing back to ancient Hindu communities in the town of Suryapur around 1500–1520 AD, established along the banks of the Tapi River by migrants from Sauvira or the clan. As a marshy at the mouth of the , the area supported small-scale human activity amid its coastal landscape. The was part of the under Mughal rule from the 16th to 18th centuries, during which served as a major port.

Modern Industrial Development

Following India's , Hazira, a of marshy islands and rural settlements in the , underwent significant transformation in the 1980s as part of Gujarat's push for industrialization. The area was designated an industrial zone under the state's emerging policies, which aimed to leverage its coastal location for large-scale chemical and refining projects. This marked the shift from agrarian and fishing-based activities to , with initial like causeways and enabling the setup of major facilities. A key milestone came in 1991 when comprehensive development plans positioned Hazira as a central hub, attracting investments from conglomerates like , which commissioned its integrated manufacturing division that year, producing , , and polymers. However, progress was hampered by infrastructure challenges and funding shortages amid challenges. These delays slowed expansion until the mid-1990s, when regulatory approvals and policy incentives resumed momentum. The 1990s saw pivotal projects, including Essar Steel's establishment of a steel manufacturing complex and its associated captive port to handle raw material imports like coal and iron ore, boosting local logistics and employment. By the , a surge in private investments led to the creation of special economic zones (SEZs), with Essar announcing a multi-product SEZ in 2005 covering steel and related sectors, approved under India's national SEZ to foster export-oriented growth. These developments solidified Hazira's role as an industrial powerhouse, drawing further commitments through Gujarat's summits, such as the 2024 pledges for expanding the plant into the world's largest single-location integrated facility by 2029. Economic milestones underscore this evolution: from underdeveloped marshlands in the supporting limited local economies to a diversified by 2012, capable of multi-cargo handling via expanded port infrastructure. Recent infrastructure enhancements, including Adani Ports' rail connectivity to operationalized in 2016, have further integrated Hazira into national supply chains, enhancing efficiency for and exports. These advancements align with ongoing initiatives, which have channeled billions in investments to sustain high-growth sectors.

Demographics

Population and Growth

According to the , the Hajira Industrial Notified Area recorded a total of 5,562, comprising 3,375 males and 2,187 females, with a of 648 females per 1,000 males. The adjacent Hajira village had a of 16,724, including 12,840 males and 3,884 females, resulting in a low of 302 females per 1,000 males that underscores the predominance of migrant male workers attracted to industrial opportunities. India's 2021 census was delayed and remains pending as of 2025; non-official projections estimate the Hajira INA at approximately 8,000 and Hajira village at 20,200 in 2025, reflecting ongoing growth. Hazira's population density in the notified area stands at approximately 106 persons per square kilometer, based on an area of 52.67 square kilometers, though densities are notably higher within core industrial zones due to concentrated worker housing. The region has undergone rapid since the late , fueled by industrial migration to petrochemical plants, facilities, and operations, transforming it from a rural coastal enclave into a key economic node within . Projections for the broader Urban Development Authority () area, encompassing Hazira, anticipate sustained growth to over 11 million residents by 2035, driven by ongoing job creation in ports and factories. This expansion reflects broader demographic shifts, where migrant workers continue to shape community dynamics through temporary settlements.

Languages and Community Composition

Hazira's linguistic landscape, as part of the linguistically diverse , reflects its status as an industrial hub attracting workers from across , with Gujarati serving as the dominant language spoken by approximately 54% of residents in the district. follows as the second most prevalent mother tongue at around 22%, primarily due to influxes of laborers from northern states. Marathi accounts for about 10%, influenced by proximity to and migration patterns, while smaller shares include (roughly 3%) and Odia (about 3%), spoken by communities from , , and respectively; other languages from migrant groups contribute to the remaining diversity. The community's religious composition in the Hajira Industrial Notified Area is overwhelmingly Hindu, comprising 93.8% of the , with forming a minority at 2%, alongside negligible percentages of (1.5%), (1.1%), Jains (1.1%), and Buddhists (0.2%). This profile underscores the area's predominant Hindu ethos, shaped by local Gujarati roots and reinforced by migrant workers who largely share similar religious backgrounds. in the notified area stands at 88.5%, with a disparity—males at 90.1% compared to 86.0% for females—highlighting higher educational access among men in this male-skewed workforce. Socially, Hazira blends longstanding local Gujarati fishing communities, such as those organized under the Hazira Machimar Samiti, with a transient population of industrial laborers drawn from , , and for petrochemical and port-related jobs. This migration fosters diverse socio-economic layers, from settled fisherfolk to temporary workers in , often leading to a pronounced imbalance driven by male-dominated labor flows.

Economy

Key Industries

Hazira serves as a major hub for and industries in , , hosting several large-scale facilities that process and produce a range of downstream products. The Shell Hazira LNG Terminal, a operational since April 2005, features a capacity of 5 million tonnes per annum (MMTPA) and has handled over 600 LNG cargoes to support 's energy needs. Complementing this, Limited's Hazira Manufacturing Division operates a fully integrated complex producing polymers, polyesters, and intermediates from feedstocks, with expansions enhancing its multi-product capabilities. These facilities underscore Hazira's role in 's dominance, accounting for 62% of 's production. In heavy engineering and manufacturing, Hazira hosts advanced infrastructure that drives industrial output. Larsen & Toubro's A.M. Naik Heavy Engineering Complex, situated on the banks of the Tapi River, is a state-of-the-art facility specializing in fabrication for sectors like hydrocarbons, power, and defense, leveraging its proximity to the Arabian Sea for logistics. Steel production is led by ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel India (AM/NS India), formerly Essar Steel, with a 15 MMTPA integrated mill that produces flat and long products, establishing Hazira as Western India's primary coastal steel hub. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in the area further attract investments in electronics and chemicals, exemplified by operations from companies like Aarti Industries for dyes and polymers, alongside new specialty chemical plants like Shivtek Spechemi's facility near Hazira Port. These industries significantly bolster employment and in the region. The and sectors alone support thousands of direct and indirect jobs, contributing to Gujarat's industrial output, which forms over 40% of the state's (GSDP). As of 2025, expansions in green energy initiatives, such as L&T's indigenously manufactured electrolyzer for a plant at the Complex and Shell's ongoing LNG terminal upgrades to 26.2 MMTPA capacity, signal a shift toward sustainable and enhanced .

Hazira Port and Trade

, situated in , , serves as a vital deep-water multi-cargo facility in , strategically positioned along the to facilitate trade with , the , , and beyond. Originally developed by the as a captive port for its steel operations and commissioned in 2005, the port transitioned to multi-user status following Adani Ports and Limited's (APSEZ) entry through its subsidiary Adani Hazira Port Private Limited, which commenced operations in January 2012. APSEZ has since expanded the infrastructure to include five berths—two dedicated to containers and three multipurpose—enabling the handling of diverse cargo types such as bulk commodities (, minerals, fertilizers), containers, liquid chemicals, products, edible oils, and project cargo. The port's annual handling capacity stands at approximately 23 million tonnes per annum (MTPA), with ongoing developments including a new dedicated liquid cargo berth slated for completion by the end of the financial year to further boost efficiency. Among its key facilities, the port's liquid terminal features 219 storage tanks with a combined capacity of 620,000 kiloliters, supporting the import and export of chemicals, , and , oil, and lubricants (POL) products; in August 2025, it achieved a record monthly throughput of 0.51 million tonnes, underscoring its growing role in liquid bulk handling. Adani also operates Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) ferry services since November 2020, connecting Hazira to across the and transporting passengers, vehicles, and cargo to reduce road congestion on the Mumbai-Delhi corridor. Complementing these is the adjacent Hazira LNG terminal, operational since 2005 through a initially formed by Shell and Total with a USD 700 million , boasting a capacity of 5 million tonnes per annum; Shell assumed full ownership in 2019 following the acquisition of Total's 26% stake. The port additionally hosted the maiden berthing of the Indian Navy's INS , a stealth , from May 1 to 2, 2025, during celebrations, highlighting its capability to accommodate large naval vessels. In terms of trade significance, has evolved from its origins as Essar Steel's dedicated facility to a multi-user hub integral to South Gujarat's industrial ecosystem, particularly supporting , chemicals, , and sectors through efficient multimodal connectivity. Equipped with rail links to central and northern —including recent dedicated freight corridors to launched in 2025—it enables seamless inland evacuation and contributes substantially to Gujarat's dominance in national chemical and exports, which account for over 45% of 's total in these categories. The port's deep draft berths accommodate large vessels like Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs) and ships, enhancing cost-effective imports of raw materials and exports of , while its proximity to the positions it as a critical node for regional .

Infrastructure and Transport

Road and Rail Connectivity

Hazira benefits from a well-integrated road network that facilitates access to major urban centers and industrial hubs in . The area is linked to , approximately 25 kilometers away, through local highways and the Surat-Hazira corridor, which forms part of the broader National Highway 53 (NH-53) alignment originating from . Connectivity to , about 280 kilometers south, is provided via NH-48, enabling efficient overland travel for passengers and freight. Local roads, such as the access route to , were upgraded by 2025 to a 10-meter-wide double-lane asphalt configuration, complete with streetlights and tourist facilities to improve regional mobility. transportation includes bus services operated by the , with plans for a dedicated System (BRTS) corridor extending from Pal RTO to Ichchhapor to serve Hazira's industrial and residential areas. Rail infrastructure supports Hazira's freight-dominated economy, though passenger services rely on nearby facilities. The closest major rail hub is , situated 25 kilometers from Hazira, providing extensive connectivity for commuters via the Western Railway network. Hazira itself lacks a significant passenger station, directing travelers to Surat for intercity services. For freight, a 36-kilometer broad-gauge rail line from Gothangam to was planned in 2024 to streamline cargo evacuation, with final location surveys ongoing as of 2025. Adani has also developed rail corridors connecting to Inland Container Depots (ICDs) in , including Pithampur near , enabling regular rakes and reducing transit times for exports. Despite these advancements, road and rail systems in Hazira contend with significant challenges from industrial activity. Heavy truck traffic from the and manufacturing zones causes frequent congestion on key arteries like the Surat-Hazira , impacting both freight and local . To mitigate this, the (NHAI) initiated two projects in 2024, valued at ₹152 crore: a flyover at Kawas Patia and a vehicular underpass near Reliance gates to separate industrial and residential flows. Broader road widening efforts, approved in 2024 for 813.75 kilometers across including Hazira-linked sections, continue into 2025 to enhance capacity and integrate with port rail links for .

Port Facilities and Waterways

The Hazira Port features deep-draft berths capable of accommodating vessels up to 13 meters, enabling efficient handling of large-scale maritime traffic through its multi-purpose terminals. These terminals support diverse operations, including dedicated facilities for liquid bulk, dry bulk, and containerized cargo, with five operational berths currently in use and plans for expansion to twelve berths. In October 2025, the container terminal handled a record 78,357 TEUs, highlighting its growing capacity. The port's LNG import infrastructure, primarily operated by the adjacent Shell Hazira LNG Terminal, includes regasification units and dedicated pipelines connecting to onshore processing plants, facilitating the import and distribution of liquefied natural gas to industrial consumers in the region. Overall, the facilities handle a range of vessels such as tankers for petroleum and chemicals, bulk carriers for coal and minerals, and ferries for passenger and vehicle transport. Hazira's waterways leverage its strategic position at the Tapi River , providing access for to upstream industrial areas along the river while ensuring seamless connectivity to the broader for international shipping routes. The port's approach channel, dredged to depths of approximately 13 meters below , supports all-weather operations with direct berthing, minimizing turnaround times for vessels. Roll-on/roll-off (Ro-Ro) services operate from the port, primarily connecting to in the , and extending linkages toward , enhancing regional freight and passenger mobility across Gujarat's coastal network. Recent developments at Hazira include the integration of systems to support port operations, with Adani utilizing treated for its water needs as of 2025, addressing freshwater scarcity in the . Environmental safeguards are integral to these expansions, featuring ongoing conservation efforts such as annual monitoring and protection of estuarine habitats around the port to mitigate ecological impacts from and vessel . These measures align with regulatory requirements under the notifications, preserving the 22-hectare patches vital for coastal stability.

Tourism and Attractions

Beaches and Natural Sites

, also known as Hazira Beach, is a distinctive black sandy urban beach stretching along the in Hazira, approximately 25-30 kilometers from city center. The beach's dark, slippery sands, formed from local mineral deposits, provide a unique texture that contrasts with typical golden shores, making it a favored spot for visitors seeking an unconventional coastal experience. Its clean shores and relatively uncrowded expanse earn it a solid reputation among tourists, with a 3.6 out of 5 rating on based on over 128 reviews, highlighting its appeal as a serene escape despite proximity to industrial zones. The beach's natural features enhance its tranquility, including nearby mineral springs rich in sulphur and iron, which have historically drawn visitors for their therapeutic properties and contribute to the area's reputation as a retreat. Calming waves lap gently against the shore, ideal for relaxation and quiet reflection, while the expansive views of the offer stunning sunsets that paint the horizon in vibrant hues. These elements create a peaceful environment, insulated from Hazira's industrial bustle, allowing for moments of solitude amid the natural coastal beauty. Popular activities at Suvali Beach revolve around leisurely pursuits, such as picnicking on the sands with family or friends, where visitors often bring their own meals to enjoy the . Local seafood shacks line the periphery, serving fresh catches from the , adding a culinary dimension to the visit. The journey to the beach itself is a draw, with scenic long drives from providing an adventurous prelude, often taken by locals for weekend getaways.

Cultural and Recreational Spots

Hazira's cultural landscape is shaped by its communities, who maintain traditional practices amid the area's industrialization. These communities, primarily from local Gujarati and migrant backgrounds, engage in artisanal fishing using methods like wooden boats and nets, passed down through generations despite challenges from port development. Gujarati festivals such as Navratri and Uttarayan are celebrated vibrantly here, with garba dances and kite-flying events drawing participants from nearby , reflecting the region's communal spirit. Homestays in Hazira provide visitors with authentic experiences of local life, offering stays in family-run accommodations that showcase Gujarati hospitality and home-cooked meals influenced by coastal cuisine. These options, often located near the port, serve as weekend retreats for residents seeking a respite from urban life, with activities like guided tours of fishing villages. Recreational opportunities include riverside walks along the Tapi River , where locals and visitors stroll amid industrial backdrops, enjoying the breeze and views of passing vessels. Eco-tourism is emerging through areas, with trails in the Hazira Mangroves offering insights into conservation efforts, including plantations by local industries to restore coastal ecosystems. On May 1, 2025 (Gujarat Foundation Day), INS Surat docked at , and on May 2, 2025, the was open to the public, attracting around 4,000 visitors including children and students, fostering local pride through tours and highlighting the area's maritime heritage. Community hubs feature bustling seafood markets, such as those near the port, where fresh catches from the are sold, reflecting influences from migrant fishers through diverse preparations like spicy Gujarati curries. Casual eateries nearby serve these dishes, creating informal gathering spots for workers and families. While lacking major temples, minor shrines like the Singotar Mata Temple and Mata Mandir, tied to early settler communities, serve as quiet sites for devotion and local rituals.

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  66. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarat-retains-its-chemicals-exports-crown-with-46-share/articleshow/120908910.cms
  67. https://deshgujarat.com/2025/11/10/surats-suvali-beach-to-get-%25E2%2582%25B91-2-crore-plant-to-turn-seawater-into-drinking-water/
  68. https://deshgujarat.com/2023/08/24/after-five-years-gap-surat-brts-project-to-witness-expansion/
  69. https://indiaseatradenews.com/new-broad-gauge-railway-line-planned-from-gothangam-to-hazira-port/
  70. https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1760341117147-Project%2520&%2520Survery%2520Report%25202025.pdf
  71. https://environmentclearance.nic.in/DownloadPfdFile.aspx?FileName=qRyCYD0o9uaKlVGKzS%2B3sUAASUM0%2BP1hrMs69ZR9acrKfiCidKaYi8%2BKvVAf88ZITaj/j9GAxQD6oMMQU4HADg==&FilePath=93ZZBm8LWEXfg%2BHAlQix2fE2t8z/pgnoBhDlYdZCxzXNvGkdT0PfxJ9apij6yL625yo3hEb2u5EZg3o00eWJaA==
  72. https://english.gujaratsamachar.com/news/gujarat/rupees-152-crore-overbridges-planned-to-curb-traffic-woes-in-surats-hazira
  73. https://deshgujarat.com/2024/03/09/hazira-suvali-beach-travel-to-be-smoother-nhai-to-build-two-flyover-bridges/
  74. https://cmogujarat.gov.in/en/latest-news/gujarat-road-widening-project-approval-2024
  75. https://indiashippingnews.com/adani-hazira-container-terminal-sets-new-operational-benchmark-handles-record-78357-teus-in-october-2025/
  76. https://www.gem.wiki/Hazira_Port_(Adani)
  77. https://www.adani.com/assets/adaniv1/sustainability-report/60.html
  78. https://www.adaniports.com/-/media/Project/Ports/PortsAndTerminals/Hazira-port-Documents/Environmental-andCRZ-Clearances/Environmental-and-CRZ-Clearance-for-Outer-Harbor-Expansion-date-16-02-2023.pdf
  79. https://www.springerprofessional.de/en/improving-hydraulic-conditions-to-preserve-mangroves-at-hazira/16952794
  80. https://www.tripadvisor.in/ShowUserReviews-g13322743-d2108467-r124817133-Suvali_Beach-Hazira_Surat_District_Gujarat.html
  81. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kmko6WxahLk
  82. https://www.holidify.com/places/surat/hajira-sightseeing-5937.html
  83. https://surat.nic.in/places-of-interest/
  84. https://airial.travel/attractions/india/hazira/hazira-beach-RcpcvTm-
  85. https://www.hisurat.com/explore-places/suvali-beach
  86. https://airial.travel/attractions/india/hazira/suvali-beach-uYm61bUM
  87. https://www.godigit.com/explore/beaches/beaches-in-surat
  88. https://in.boell.org/sites/default/files/where_have_the_fish_gone.pdf
  89. https://www.suratonline.in/guide/festivals-in-surat
  90. https://www.airbnb.com/hazira-india/stays
  91. https://www.justdial.com/Surat/Home-Stay-in-Hazira-Surat/nct-10835911
  92. https://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction_Review-g297612-d9597177-Reviews-Tapi_River_Front-Surat_Surat_District_Gujarat.html
  93. https://thebetterindia.com/368180/lt-surat-mangrove-forest-plantation-blue-carbon-initiatives-net-zero-goal-climate-change/
  94. https://www.instagram.com/indiannavy/p/DJMUEA3JQhn/?hl=en
  95. https://www.justdial.com/Surat/Fish-Wholesalers-in-Hazira-Surat/nct-10208865
  96. https://www.suratonline.in/guide/temples-in-surat
  97. https://www.facebook.com/Singotar-Matas-Temple-Hazira-216804838423829/
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