.jpg)
Community Hub0 Subscribers
Community hub
from Wikipedia
Key Information
.jpg)
Ijok is a mukim in Kuala Selangor District, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located along Federal Route 54.
Sited at a junction that leads to the bigger and more developed Bestari Jaya (Batang Berjuntai), Pekan Ijok is, in a sense, a 'cowboy town' with a main street lined with shops and small buildings on both sides.
Demographics
[edit]The Malays here are largely of Javanese stock, and claim their forefathers from Indonesia founded the town in the early 1900s. Many are smallholders or work on their own land while some work in local shops and factories. The Chinese came to do business or to open vegetable farms and have since stayed to set up home here. Likewise, the Indians have also found home here after the earlier settlers came to work in the rubber plantations. The constituency has 12,372 voters, 52 percent of whom are ethnic Malays, with 28 percent ethnic Indians and 21 percent Chinese- the biggest percentage of Indian voters in the Malaysian state or Parliament constituency.
Education
[edit]- Sekolah Kebangsaan Bukit Badong
- Sekolah Kebangsaan Ijok
- Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (C) Ijok
- Sekolah Rendah Agama Bukit Badong
- Sekolah Rendah Agama Ijok
- Sekolah Rendah Agama Kafa Al-hilal
Events
[edit]- 28 April - Ijok by-election, 2007.
References
[edit]- Unhurried Ijok a transit town, The Star, April 20, 2007.
| |||||||||||||||
| General topics |
|   | |||||||||||||
| Administrative divisions |
| ||||||||||||||
| City councils (Majlis Bandaraya) |
| ||||||||||||||
| Municipal councils (Majlis Perbandaran) |
| ||||||||||||||
| District councils (Majlis Daerah) |
| ||||||||||||||
3°19′18.5″N 101°24′48.9″E / 3.321806°N 101.413583°E
| This Selangor location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |
from Grokipedia
Geography
Location and Administrative Boundaries
Ijok is a mukim located in the northwestern part of Selangor state, Malaysia, approximately 44 kilometers northwest of Kuala Lumpur by road.[5] The area lies along Federal Route 54, at coordinates roughly 3°19′N 101°24′E.[6][7] Administratively, Ijok constitutes one of the mukims, or subdistricts, within the Kuala Selangor District, which falls under the governance of the Selangor state government.[6] The mukim's boundaries are defined within the district's limits, adjoining other local subdivisions such as Jeram mukim.[8] This hierarchical structure places Ijok under the district office in Kuala Selangor town, responsible for local administration and land matters.[9]Physical Geography and Climate
Ijok occupies a predominantly flat, low-lying topography typical of the alluvial plains in the Kuala Selangor region, with an average elevation of approximately 16 meters (52 feet) above sea level.[10] This terrain, formed by sedimentary deposits from nearby rivers, supports extensive rural landscapes dominated by agricultural fields, including paddy cultivation areas that rely on the fertile, water-retentive soils.[11] The area's gentle slopes and proximity to river systems, such as tributaries feeding into the Selangor River basin, contribute to periodic flooding risks and influence local hydrology, fostering wetland-like conditions in lower-lying zones.[12] The regional ecology includes influences from coastal mangroves to the northwest, though Ijok itself lies slightly inland amid transitioned estuarine environments, where riverine flows have historically shaped vegetation patterns of scrub and secondary growth interspersed with cultivated lands.[13] These features create a mosaic of flat farmlands and minor drainage channels, with limited elevation variation that minimizes erosional features but exposes the area to sea-level influences during high tides or storms. Ijok's climate is equatorial, characterized by consistently high temperatures averaging 27–32°C daily, with minimal seasonal variation due to its proximity to the equator.[14] Relative humidity remains elevated year-round, often exceeding 80%, exacerbating the heat index. Annual precipitation totals around 2,236 mm, driven by two monsoon periods: the northeast monsoon from November to March, peaking at over 280 mm in November, and intermittent southwest monsoon rains from May to September, with the driest months (June–July) seeing about 150 mm.[15] This pattern supports lush vegetation but also leads to waterlogging in the lowlands during heavy downpours.[14]History
Pre-Colonial and Colonial Era
Prior to the establishment of the Selangor Sultanate in 1766, the region encompassing modern Ijok featured sparse, small-scale Malay kampung settlements along riverine and coastal areas of what is now Kuala Selangor District, primarily sustained by fishing, rice cultivation, and limited trade. These communities were part of broader pre-Sultanate patterns in the Malay Peninsula, where Bugis migrants from Sulawesi began consolidating control over Selangor territories, including strongholds at Kuala Selangor for strategic defense and commerce. Archaeological evidence from nearby sites, such as Bronze Age artifacts in the Klang Valley, suggests intermittent human activity dating back millennia, though specific pre-18th century records for inland Ijok remain undocumented and likely reflected nomadic or semi-permanent agrarian lifestyles without centralized governance. The Sultanate's founding under Raja Lumu (Sultan Sallehuddin of Selangor) marked the transition to formalized rule, with Ijok's locale falling under peripheral influence from Kuala Selangor, the initial capital, where Bugis forts protected against rival claimants from Perak and Johor. Minangkabau migrants from Sumatra contributed to early agricultural settlements in Selangor by the early 19th century, introducing wet rice farming techniques that supported kampung economies in districts like Kuala Selangor, though Ijok-specific migrations are unrecorded. Internal conflicts, culminating in the Selangor Civil War of 1867–1874, disrupted these settlements through disputes over tin-rich territories and river control, leading to depopulation in coastal areas before British intervention.[16] British colonial administration formalized in Selangor following the 1874 Pangkor Treaty aftermath, with the appointment of Frank Swettenham as the first Resident, integrating rural mukims like Ijok into state-level governance under the Sultan while prioritizing resource extraction. Land surveys commenced in the late 1870s to demarcate agricultural plots, enabling rubber and coconut plantations in Kuala Selangor District's fertile alluvial soils, though Ijok remained predominantly smallholder Malay farming zones with minimal tin mining compared to central Selangor. Infrastructure developments, including feeder roads linking to Federal Route precursors by the 1890s, facilitated produce transport to ports, stabilizing post-war recovery but subordinating local autonomy to colonial economic imperatives as Selangor joined the Federated Malay States in 1895.[17][18][19]Post-Independence Developments
Following Malaysia's independence in 1957, Ijok, a predominantly agrarian mukim in Kuala Selangor District, benefited from national rural development policies embedded in the First through Third Malaysia Plans (1966–1980), which prioritized agricultural intensification through improved irrigation and drainage infrastructure in Selangor's coastal plains.[20] These efforts extended pre-existing colonial-era schemes, such as those in adjacent Tanjong Karang, enabling double-cropping of rice and reducing flood risks in swampy terrains, thereby enhancing productivity in rice-dependent areas like Ijok.[21] In the 1970s and 1980s, under the New Economic Policy (1971–1990), federal investments in rural roads and basic amenities supported smallholder farming, transitioning Ijok's economy from early post-war rubber plantations—established in 1951 with imported labor—to diversified crops amid national pushes for food security.[4] Local population growth mirrored Selangor's broader expansion, with the state doubling from approximately 1.43 million in 1980 to 3.94 million by 2000, driven by internal migration and improved access. By the 1990s and 2000s, spillover effects from Kuala Lumpur's rapid urbanization—fueled by expressway expansions and industrial corridors—introduced mixed land-use pressures in peripheral mukims like Ijok, gradually incorporating non-agricultural plots while preserving core rural functions through controlled zoning under Selangor state plans.[22] This shift was causal to enhanced connectivity via upgraded federal routes, though Ijok's development lagged urban cores, maintaining agrarian dominance.Government and Politics
Administrative Structure
Ijok operates as a mukim, or subdistrict, within the Kuala Selangor District of Selangor, where land administration and cadastral records are managed by the Pejabat Tanah Daerah Kuala Selangor.[23] The mukim is overseen by a penghulu, specifically the Penghulu Mukim Api-Api/Ijok, who addresses local customary matters and community administration under the district framework.[23] Municipal services, including infrastructure maintenance, landscaping, and urban planning, are provided by the Majlis Perbandaran Kuala Selangor (MPKS), which exercises jurisdiction over Mukim Ijok as part of its coverage areas.[24] This includes specific zones within Ijok, such as those designated for development tenders and enforcement activities.[24] In addition to its mukim status, Ijok forms a designated state constituency (N.11) within the Selangor State Legislative Assembly, enabling electoral representation at the state government level.[25] The constituency elects a single assemblyman to participate in state legislative proceedings.[25]2007 Ijok By-Election
The Ijok state assembly seat in Selangor became vacant following the death of incumbent Barisan Nasional (BN) assemblyman K. Sivalingam from the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) on April 4, 2007, prompting a by-election.[26] The Election Commission fixed the by-election for April 28, 2007, with nominations on April 21. BN nominated K. Parthiban, an MIC educationist, to retain the seat previously held by Sivalingam with a majority in the 2004 general election.[27] Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) selected Khalid Ibrahim, a corporate figure and party treasurer, as its candidate, with support from de facto leader Anwar Ibrahim.[28] The 11-day campaign featured intense rivalry, viewed by some as a proxy contest between BN's Datuk Seri Najib Razak and Anwar Ibrahim amid rising national political tensions ahead of the 2008 general election. BN's strategy emphasized infrastructure development promises, continuity of government projects, and appeals to local Indian voters, who comprised a significant portion of the electorate; MIC president S. Samy Vellu later claimed nearly 80% Indian support for BN based on post-election analysis.[29] PKR, aligning with opposition calls for reform, highlighted anti-corruption themes, governance critiques, and Anwar's personal involvement in rallies to mobilize voters disillusioned with the ruling coalition. Incidents marred the campaign, including clashes during nominations and allegations of restricted access for opposition workers in BN-stronghold areas.[30] On polling day, voter turnout reached approximately 79%, reflecting strong participation in the semi-rural constituency. BN's K. Parthiban secured victory with 5,884 votes (59.3% share), defeating PKR's Khalid Ibrahim who received 4,034 votes (40.7%), by a majority of 1,850—narrower than Sivalingam's 2004 margin but sufficient to retain the seat for the coalition. The result underscored BN's hold on development-focused voters while signaling opposition gains in reform appeals, though without overturning the incumbent advantage.[27][31]Demographics
Population Trends
The population of Mukim Ijok, as recorded in the 2010 Malaysian census, stood at 50,403 residents across an area of approximately 133.7 km², yielding a density of about 377 persons per km².[3] By the 2020 census, this had nearly doubled to 100,899 residents, reflecting an average annual growth rate of roughly 7.2% over the decade, significantly higher than the 3.2% rate observed in the encompassing Kuala Selangor district.[3] [32] This expansion resulted in a 2020 density of 754.8 persons per km², indicating a shift from predominantly rural characteristics toward semi-urban development.[3]| Census Year | Population | Density (persons/km²) |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 50,403 | 377 |
| 2020 | 100,899 | 754.8 |