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Mario Soldati
Mario Soldati
Mario Soldati
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Mario Soldati (17 November 1906 – 19 June 1999) was an Italian writer and film director. In 1954, he won the Strega Prize for Lettere da Capri. He directed several works adapted from novels, and worked with leading Italian actresses, such as Alida Valli, Sophia Loren and Gina Lollobrigida.

Key Information

Biography

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A native of Turin, Soldati attended the Liceo Sociale, a Jesuit school, and finished secondary school at age 17. He then studied humanities at the University of Turin. At that time, the university was a hotbed of intellectual activity and the young Soldati met and befriended the likes of activist and writer Carlo Levi and journalist Giacomo Debenedetti, who were his seniors. He later studied History of Art at the University of Rome. He started publishing novels in 1929. He achieved the widest notice with America primo amore, published in 1935, a memoir of the time he spent teaching at Columbia University. He won literary awards for his work, most notably the Strega Prize for Lettere da Capri in 1954.

Also interested in film, Soldati began directing in 1938. His most well-known films are Piccolo mondo antico (1941) and Malombra (1942) with Isa Miranda, both based on novels by Antonio Fogazzaro. These two films belong to the early 1940s movement in Italian cinema known as calligrafismo. Other popular films were Eugenie Grandet, based on Balzac's novel, with Alida Valli; Fuga in Francia (1948); The River Girl (starring Sophia Loren), and La provinciale (starring Gina Lollobrigida). Soldati also regularly published articles in Italian newspapers, including Il Mondo, Il Corriere della Sera, La Stampa, Avanti, L'Unità and Il Giorno.

Soldati died at Lerici in 1999. He was 92.

Legacy and honours

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Filmography

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Bibliography

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References

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Mario Soldati

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Mario Soldati is an Italian writer, journalist, and film director known for his versatile career in literature and cinema, where he produced sophisticated novels, novellas, and films that frequently examined moral dilemmas, social dynamics, and personal introspection in mid-20th-century Italy. Born in Turin on 17 November 1906, Soldati received a Jesuit education and graduated from the University of Turin in 1927 before pursuing art history studies in Rome. He spent five years in the United States from 1929 to 1934 as a fellow at Columbia University, an experience that shaped his early reportage and inspired the book America primo amore (1935), which reflected his affection for American culture during the Depression era. He later contributed journalism to prominent Italian newspapers including Corriere della Sera and La Stampa. In literature, Soldati established himself as a master of the novella and novel, earning widespread recognition for works such as La Verità sul caso Motta (1941), A Cena col Commendatore (1950), Lettere da Capri (1954)—for which he won the Strega Prize—and La Confessione (1955). His writing often drew on autobiographical elements and literary influences, including Henry James, while exploring psychological and spiritual themes. Soldati directed more than 30 films starting in the late 1930s, many of them literary adaptations or collaborations with major Italian stars such as Alida Valli, Sophia Loren, and Gina Lollobrigida. Notable films include Piccolo mondo antico (1941), Le Miserie del Signor Travet (1946), and La Mano dello Straniero (1954), the latter co-developed with Graham Greene, who provided the treatment and served as associate producer. His cinematic work bridged the calligraphic style of early 1940s Italian cinema and postwar storytelling, often featuring suspense, period settings, or social commentary. Soldati maintained close ties with international literary figures, including a notable friendship with Graham Greene, and continued writing and directing into his later years. He died on 19 June 1999 in Tellaro, Italy.

Early life

Birth and family background

Mario Soldati was born on November 17, 1906, in Turin, Piedmont, Italy, at 20 Via Ospedale (today Via Giolitti), at one o'clock in the morning. He was the son of Umberto Soldati and Barbara Bargilli and had a younger sister, Dolores, always known as Lola. The Soldati family belonged to the affluent bourgeoisie of Turin, with deep roots in the city's silk trade on the paternal side. Umberto Soldati descended from several generations of Turinese silk merchants, was often absent from home due to business travel, and maintained passions for music and gambling. Barbara Bargilli came from a family tradition of military service, which instilled in her a marked rigidity, severity of manners, and strong religiosity. Soldati spent his early childhood in early 20th-century Turin within this cultured bourgeois household, where French and the local Torinese dialect were spoken more commonly than standard Italian. His maternal grandfather, Giuseppe Bargilli, a professor of literature and author of novels and novellas, exerted notable influence on his early development.

Education and early travels

Mario Soldati began his university education in 1923 at the University of Turin, enrolling in the Faculty of Letters after completing his classical maturity at the Jesuit Istituto Sociale in Turin. During his time in Turin, he came under the influence of intellectuals such as Benedetto Croce, whom he met in 1923 and later described as a key figure in his formation (despite critiquing him through readings of Francesco De Sanctis), as well as professor Ferdinando Neri; he also participated in a vibrant cultural circle that included figures like Mario Bonfantini, Enzo Giachino, and others connected to the Gobetti milieu. He graduated in 1927 with a thesis in art history on the Cremonese painter Boccaccio Boccaccino, supervised by Lionello Venturi. After graduation, Soldati won a three-year scholarship for advanced studies at the Istituto superiore di storia dell’arte in Rome, where he worked under Adolfo Venturi and Pietro Toesca, contributed to the journal Arte directed by Lionello Venturi, and catalogued the Galleria d’arte moderna at the Museo civico di Torino. In 1929, during the third year of this scholarship, he chose to relinquish it in order to accept a new scholarship in art history at Columbia University in New York, facilitated by Lionello Venturi. Soldati departed for the United States in November 1929, where he studied and taught at Columbia University. His stay coincided with the Wall Street crash and the onset of the Great Depression, and he remained until January 1931, when he returned to Italy by ship to Trieste. These experiences in America formed the basis for his book America primo amore, published in 1935.

Literary career

Early writings and first publications

Mario Soldati began his literary career in the mid-1920s with the publication of his first play, Pilato, a tragedy in three acts issued by the Turin publisher Sei in 1925. In 1927 he contributed a critical note to the catalog of the Galleria d’Arte Moderna at the Museo Civico in Turin, marking an early foray into essayistic writing on art. His first prose publication came in 1929 with Salmace, a collection of six novellas released by the Novara-based press La Libra, which constituted his narrative debut and drew enthusiastic notices from critics including Cesare Garboli, Giuseppe Antonio Borgese, Eugenio Montale, and Elio Vittorini for its stylistic maturity, elegant clarity, and atmospheric precision. The stories, set in a foggy, almost metaphysical Turin, blend gothic and magical elements, with a central tale revisiting the myth of Hermaphroditus through the motif of a voluntary sexual metamorphosis. After returning from a fellowship at Columbia University in New York (1929–1931), Soldati published America primo amore in 1935 with Bemporad in Florence, a book of impressions drawn from his American experiences that was well regarded in literary circles despite receiving only one public review and attracting notice for its subtle anti-Fascist undertones. This work brought him greater prominence as a writer. In the same year he issued Ventiquattro ore in uno studio cinematografico under the pseudonym Franco Pallavera, a brief reportage on the film industry.

Major novels and literary awards

Mario Soldati achieved significant recognition in his mature literary phase during the post-war period, producing novels that combined psychological insight, irony, and keen observations of Italian society and personal relationships. His works from the 1940s onward often explored themes of identity, moral conflict, and human frailty, drawing frequently on autobiographical elements and subtle social critique. One of his most acclaimed novels is Lettere da Capri, published in 1954, which won the prestigious Premio Strega in 1954. The book became a major bestseller in post-war Italy and helped establish Soldati's reputation beyond national borders through its intricate narrative on love, jealousy, and deception. In 1955, Soldati published La confessione, an introspective work depicting a Jesuit novice's spiritual crisis, which many critics regard as his masterpiece for its depth and emotional intensity. He followed this with Il vero Silvestri in 1957, continuing his exploration of personal and ethical dilemmas in a refined narrative style. Among his later novels, Le due città (1964) stands out as a long autobiographical tale contrasting life in Turin and Rome, reflecting Soldati's own experiences across cultural and professional worlds. L'attore, published in 1970, earned him the Premio Campiello, further affirming his enduring literary stature through its sophisticated prose and thematic richness. These works, alongside others such as La busta arancione (1966) and Lo smeraldo (1974), highlight Soldati's consistent ability to blend commercial success with critical acclaim in Italian literature of the mid-20th century.

Film career

Entry into cinema and directorial debut

Mario Soldati entered the cinema industry in the early 1930s shortly after returning to Italy from studies and travels abroad. He began as a screenwriter, contributing to the script for Acciaio (1933), directed by Walter Ruttmann and adapted from a novella by Luigi Pirandello. Following the film's poor reception, Soldati worked as an assistant director for Mario Camerini and continued screenwriting during the later 1930s, building experience in the Italian film sector. His directorial debut came in 1939 with Dora Nelson, a sophisticated comedy drawing on the style of Ernst Lubitsch. The film marked his transition from behind-the-scenes roles to directing. In the early 1940s, amid the wartime context, Soldati focused on literary adaptations for his directorial output. Piccolo mondo antico (1941) was based on the 1895 novel by Antonio Fogazzaro, depicting social and romantic tensions in 19th-century Lombardy under Austrian rule, and earned him significant acclaim. He followed with Malombra (1942), another adaptation from a Fogazzaro novel, continuing his emphasis on period dramas drawn from Italian literature. In 1945, Soldati directed Le miserie del signor Travet, adapted from the play by Vittorio Bersezio, exploring bureaucratic and social frustrations in a comedic vein. These early directorial efforts established Soldati's reputation for bringing literary sources to the screen during a challenging period in Italian cinema.

Notable films and collaborations

After World War II, Mario Soldati transitioned into a prolific phase as a film director, helming numerous features throughout the late 1940s and 1950s that often adapted literary sources or highlighted prominent Italian actresses. He directed Daniele Cortis (1947), a historical drama adapted from Antonio Fogazzaro's novel and starring Vittorio Gassman and Sarah Churchill. This was followed by Fuga in Francia (1948), a drama in which Soldati also appeared in a supporting role. The 1950s marked the peak of Soldati's directorial output, characterized by collaborations with major stars of Italian cinema. He worked with Gina Lollobrigida in La provinciale (1953), a melodrama centered on a woman's social ambitions and personal conflicts, adapted from Alberto Moravia. The following year, Soldati directed La donna del fiume (1954), featuring Sophia Loren in a leading role as a peasant woman entangled in smuggling and romance. He also collaborated with Alida Valli in La mano dello straniero (1954), an international production involving intrigue and mystery that was co-developed with Graham Greene, who provided the treatment and served as associate producer. Soldati continued directing into the later 1950s with films such as La donna del giorno (1957) and Policarpo (1959), the latter a comedic exploration of bureaucratic life. His work during this period frequently drew on literary adaptations and showcased his ability to direct high-profile actresses like Lollobrigida, Loren, and Valli across melodramas, adventures, and social comedies.

Television career

Pioneering TV programs and journalism

Mario Soldati pioneered innovative non-fiction formats in early Italian television, blending travel documentary, cultural inquiry, and personal narration in ways that influenced subsequent programming. His most celebrated work, the series Viaggio nella valle del Po alla ricerca dei cibi genuini, aired starting 3 December 1957 and continued into 1958 across 12 episodes, marking the first enogastronomic reportage produced by RAI. The program followed Soldati along the Po Valley as he documented traditional foods, wines, regional recipes, artisanal production methods, and rural customs, while also capturing the onset of food industrialization in post-war Italy through site visits, interviews with producers and locals, and on-screen tastings. This fraternal, popular approach made gastronomy a shared national heritage accessible to ordinary viewers and established a foundational model for food television in Italy, countering homogenization by celebrating authentic regional traditions. Soldati continued exploring cultural reportage in television with Chi legge?, an eight-episode series co-authored with Cesare Zavattini that began broadcasting on 19 November 1960, investigating Italians' reading habits through a journey along the Tirreno coast from Sicily to Liguria. His later television contributions included current affairs and adaptations, such as A carte scoperte (1974), but the early travel-and-inquiry programs remain his most innovative contributions to the medium. Parallel to his television work, Soldati maintained an active career in journalism, contributing articles, essays, and criticism on literature, culture, travel, and gastronomy to prominent Italian newspapers and periodicals. His print writings often reflected the observational style of his television documentaries, particularly in pieces exploring regional identities and everyday life. This dual engagement in broadcast and print media underscored his role as a versatile communicator who brought intellectual depth to popular formats.

Personal life

Family and residences

Mario Soldati was born on November 17, 1906, in Turin, into an affluent bourgeois family with roots in the city's silk trade. His father, Umberto Soldati, was often absent due to business travel, while his mother, Barbara Bargilli, came from a military background and maintained strict religious discipline in the household. He had one younger sister, Dolores (known as Lola). The family resided in central Turin, at via Ospedale 20 (now via Giolitti), where Soldati spent his childhood and adolescence. In 1931, while in the United States, Soldati married Marion Rieckelman, a former student from Columbia University. The couple had three children: Frank, Ralph, and Barbara. The marriage ended de facto in 1935 when Marion returned permanently to America, though they met once more in 1960. From 1941, during the production of Piccolo mondo antico, Soldati began a long-term relationship with Giuliana (Jucci) Kellermann. They had three sons: Volfango, Michele, and Giovanni. The couple formalized their union with marriage on December 3, 1973, in San Francisco, during Soldati's return visit to the United States after four decades. Giuliana died in 1993. Soldati's early adult life centered in Turin and Rome, where he pursued studies and began his career after 1927. He resided primarily in Rome from the mid-1930s through 1960, with interruptions including a wartime escape to Naples in 1943–1944. In 1960 he relocated to Milan. From the late 1950s he spent increasing time in Tellaro on the Ligurian coast, purchasing the villa Le Rocce there in 1967 and making it his permanent residence from 1973 onward.

Death and legacy

Death and posthumous recognition

Mario Soldati died on June 19, 1999, at his home in Tellaro, near La Spezia on the Ligurian coast, at the age of 92. His death prompted immediate obituaries in the international press, including prominent notices in The New York Times, which described him as a prolific Italian writer and film director, and The Independent, which published a full obituary detailing his life and career. The Guardian also ran an obituary shortly after his passing, acknowledging his multifaceted contributions across literature, film, and television. These contemporary accounts served as initial posthumous recognition of his enduring impact in Italian culture.

Legacy in literature, film, and media

Mario Soldati is regarded as a versatile and eclectic figure in 20th-century Italian culture, whose career bridged literature, cinema, and television through adaptations, original creations, and pioneering media formats. His work across these fields established him as a significant interpreter of Italian identity, combining literary sensibility with accessible storytelling in visual and broadcast media. In literature and cinema, Soldati's legacy stems from his role in advancing literary adaptations on screen, often drawing from Italian classics to create films that blended narrative depth with visual style during the fascist and post-war eras. While neorealism dominated Italian cinema after the war, he pursued a distinct path influenced by American models, infusing genre works with visionary elements and focusing on character and place. This approach highlighted his position as an "American-style" auteur who worked against prevailing trends, contributing to the broader dialogue between literature and film in Italy. Soldati also pioneered cultural and gastronomic programming on Italian television from its earliest days, most notably through Viaggio nella valle del Po alla ricerca dei cibi genuini (1957-58), a mythological reportage that shifted food television toward valorizing authentic regional products, preparations, and the narratives of those who produce them. This series, along with his investigations into literature and eating habits, laid foundations for gastronomic culture on TV beyond mere domestic instruction, earning him recognition as the father of Italian TV criticism and a key figure in bringing intelligent commentary to mass audiences. His gastronomic reportage further contributed to the anthropological understanding of Italy's culinary traditions and regional diversity. Soldati's multifaceted output has been posthumously honored through a national committee for centenary commemorations in 2006 and the founding of an association dedicated to studying and promoting his work. Recent critical revaluations have affirmed his status as one of the great post-war Italian writers, with his contributions across literature, film, and media continuing to resonate for their irony, moral insight, and cultural breadth.

References

  1. https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-mario-soldati-1101653.html
  2. https://utkitaliancinema.wordpress.com/italian-directors/mario-soldati/
  3. https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mario-soldati_(Dizionario-Biografico)/
  4. https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/mario-soldati_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/
  5. https://novara.letteratura.it/scrittori-novaresi/mario-soldati/
  6. https://www.mondadori.it/libri/salmace-mario-soldati/
  7. https://www.adelphi.it/libro/9788845910036
  8. https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/jun/22/guardianobituaries1
  9. https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/23/arts/mario-soldati-92-film-director-and-writer.html
  10. https://premiostrega.it/PS/autore/mario-soldati/
  11. https://www.mondadori.it/libri/romanzi-mario-soldati/
  12. https://www.bompiani.it/autori/mario-soldati-1999
  13. https://weirditaly.com/person/mario-soldati/
  14. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0037916/
  15. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0812827/
  16. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0039300/
  17. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0046214/
  18. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0048005/
  19. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0045202/
  20. https://www.teche.rai.it/2024/06/viaggio-nella-valle-del-po-con-mario-soldati/
  21. https://www.raiplay.it/programmi/viaggionellavalledelpo
  22. https://italianpopculture.org/broadcasting-the-food-nation-mario-soldatis-journey-in-the-po-valley-and-the-search-for-popular-gastronomy/
  23. https://www.internetculturale.it/opencms/opencms/it/pagine/mostre/pagina_1249.html
  24. https://www.corriere.it/parole_in_viaggio/autori/soldati.htm
  25. https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/sezione/mario-soldati-un-eclettico-a-cinecitta/
  26. https://www.gamberorossointernational.com/news/cooking-on-tv-70-years-of-history-from-mario-soldati-to-gambero-rosso-channel/
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