Hubbry Logo
search
logo

Mathur (name)

logo
Community Hub0 Subscribers
Read side by side
from Wikipedia

Mathur is a subcaste of the Kayastha community in Northern India,[1] with their origins possibly in Mathura.[2]

Mathur in South India

[edit]

Sizeable Mathur community is also found in South India, mostly in Hyderabad.[3][4] They mostly migrated from North India to find placement in administration under Medieval Indian rulers.[5]

Notable people

[edit]
  • Anurag Mathur, Indian author and journalist
  • Arjun Mathur (born 1981), British-Indian actor
  • Ashok Kumar Mathur (born 1943), the former Chief justice of Calcutta High Court, Justice of the Supreme Court of India
  • Deepak Mathur (born 1952), Indian molecular and atomic physicist and professor
  • Govind Mathur (born 1959), Indian Judge
  • M. V. Mathur or Mukut Vehari Mathur (1915-2004), Indian economist and scholar
  • Madhur Jaffrey (born 1933), Indian actress, food and travel writer, and television personality
  • Mathura Das Mathur (1918–1993), Indian politician from Rajasthan
  • Mini Mathur (born 1975), Indian television host, actor and model
  • Mukesh Chand Mathur (1923–1976), better known mononymously as Mukesh, Indian playback singer
  • Neil Nitin Mukesh Mathur (born 1982), Indian actor, born to singer Nitin Mukesh, and the grandson of singer Mukesh
  • Nitin Mukesh Mathur, Indian playback singer
  • Om Prakash Mathur (born 1952), Indian politician, member of Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan state in India
  • Pradeep Mathur (born 1955), Indian politician and former 4 time MLA from the Mathura constituency of Uttar Pradesh
  • Pradeep Mathur (scientist) (born 1955), Indian organometallic and cluster chemist and the founder director of the Indian Institute of Technology, Indore
  • Prem Mathur Indian pilot, first Indian woman commercial pilot
  • Raghav Mathur (born 1981), known professionally as Raghav, is a Canadian singer-songwriter
  • R. K. Mathur or Radha Krishna Mathur (born 1953), Indian IAS officer
  • Rajiv Dayal Mathur, Indian Air Marshal, officer in the Indian Air Force
  • Sanjay Mathur (born 1968), German professor, inorganic chemist and past president of the American Ceramic Society
  • Sharan Rani Backliwal née Mathur (1929–2008), Indian classical sarod player and music scholar
  • Sheila Dhar (1929–2001), Indian author and singer of Kirana gharana
  • Shiv Charan Mathur (1927–2009), Indian politician and minister
  • Somesh Mathur, Indian singer, composer, songwriter, and music producer
  • Surat Mathur (1930–2021), Indian long-distance runner
  • Sushma Seth Mathur (born 1936), Indian stage, film and television actress
  • Vartika Mathur (1979), Professor in Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Mathur is a surname and clan identifier primarily associated with the Kayastha subcaste of Hindus in northern India, deriving from the ancient city of Mathura in present-day Uttar Pradesh, a site linked to the birthplace of the deity Krishna.[1][2]
Members of the Mathur subcaste belong to one of the twelve traditional divisions of Kayasthas, a community historically occupied as scribes, record-keepers, accountants, and administrators serving various Indian rulers and bureaucracies through roles in taxation, census, and documentation.[3][4]
This occupational heritage has positioned Mathurs prominently in intellectual, administrative, and professional fields across India, with the surname also appearing among diaspora communities while retaining ties to Vedic gotras such as Kashyap in matrimonial and ritual practices.[5][4]

Origins and Etymology

Historical Roots

The Mathur surname traces its historical roots to the ancient city of Mathura in northern India, from which it derives its name through the common Indian practice of adopting surnames based on places of origin or ancestral settlements. Mathura, located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, was a prominent kingdom in antiquity, encompassing territories that extended into parts of modern Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, and Madhya Pradesh; community records indicate that Mathur Kayasthas established settlements there, forming the basis of their clan identity.[4] This geographic linkage is reinforced by traditions of early residency in 84 villages around Mathura, which later gave rise to sub-clans or als named after those locales, such as Saharias from Sahar and Mahabanis from Mahaban.[4] Within Kayastha lore, the Mathur clan's mythological progenitor is Charu (or Shree Charu), the eldest son of Chitragupta—the divine scribe tasked by Brahma with recording human deeds—who was dispatched to Mathura to impose Vedic order by defeating anti-Vedic tribes and establishing a kingdom.[6] Charu, a disciple of the sage Mathure and husband to Devi Pankajakshi, is said to have worshipped Devi Durga (as Mathureshwari), embedding religious practices into the clan's identity; this narrative positions Mathurs as one of the original 12 Kayastha branches emerging from Chitragupta's lineage.[6] Such accounts, preserved in community oral and written histories, claim pre-medieval antiquity, aligning Mathurs with ruling dynasties like those in Ayodhya prior to the Raghuvanshis.[6] [4] Historical disruptions shaped the clan's dispersal, with invasions by Mahmud of Ghazni around 1000 AD devastating Mathura's temples and prompting migrations, as recounted in verbal histories from Mathur elders; these events mark a pivotal shift from concentrated settlement to wider distribution across northern India.[4] As part of the Kayastha caste, Mathurs historically functioned as scribes and administrators, roles evidenced in state record-keeping for taxation and governance from medieval periods onward, reflecting their adaptation to political changes under various rulers.[3] While mythological claims lack independent corroboration beyond community texts, the surname's persistence ties verifiably to Mathura's enduring cultural significance as a center of Yadava and Vaishnava heritage.[4]

Linguistic and Geographical Derivation

The surname Mathur derives linguistically from the Sanskrit adjective māthura, signifying "of or pertaining to Mathura," an ancient city located in northern India.[1] This toponymic origin reflects a common pattern in Indian nomenclature, where community or subcaste names often indicate ancestral ties to specific locales, particularly among scribal castes like the Kayasthas.[1] Geographically, the name links directly to the Mathura region in present-day Uttar Pradesh, a historical center of Vedic culture and administration dating back to at least the 6th century BCE, as evidenced by archaeological findings and ancient texts like the Mahabharata.[7] The Mathur subgroup of Kayasthas is traditionally associated with this area, where their forebears purportedly held roles in record-keeping and governance under regional rulers, fostering the adoption of the locative descriptor as a hereditary identifier.[2] Migrations from Mathura, influenced by events such as invasions and economic shifts around the 12th–16th centuries CE, spread the name while preserving its regional connotation.[7]

Caste and Community Associations

The Mathur surname is primarily associated with the Mathur subcaste of the Chitraguptavanshi Kayastha community, a subgroup of northern Indian Kayasthas traditionally engaged in scribal, administrative, and record-keeping roles for state and taxation purposes.[8] This subcaste is one of twelve acknowledged divisions within the broader Kayastha caste, which mythological traditions attribute to descent from Chitragupta, the divine accountant of human deeds in Hindu lore.[4] Kayasthas, including Mathurs, historically functioned as intermediaries between rulers and subjects, maintaining land records and legal documents, which elevated their socioeconomic status despite debates over their varna classification as Kshatriya-like or distinct.[8] Community genealogical accounts trace Mathur origins to Mathura, a district in western Uttar Pradesh, where an ancestor named Charu purportedly settled, lending the name to the group.[5] This geographical linkage is the most widely accepted belief among Mathur Kayasthas, distinguishing them from unrelated communities like Mathur Vaishyas, who share the Mathura provenance but belong to mercantile castes with no common lineage or customs.[4][9] Subdivisions within Mathurs further organize around als (lineages) and gotras, such as Hans or others claimed from Chitragupta's progeny, reinforcing endogamous practices tied to Kayastha identity.[5] This primary Kayastha affiliation has persisted through migrations, with Mathurs maintaining distinct gotra-based marriage rules and occupational legacies in bureaucracy and education, even as modern contexts diversify roles.[4] Historical records from community associations affirm this without conflation to scheduled castes or other groups, countering occasional misclassifications.[4]

Presence in Other Communities

The Mathur surname is also found among the Bania community, a mercantile group classified under the Vaishya varna, where they form a distinct subgroup involved in trade and business activities across northern and western India.[10] This presence reflects the common adoption of regional or locational surnames in trading castes, separate from Kayastha lineages.[7] Additionally, Mathurs constitute a gotra within the Arora-Khatri community, a Punjabi-origin mercantile and warrior group that claims Suryavanshi Kshatriya descent tracing back to Lord Rama, with historical roles in administration and commerce rather than scribal duties.[11] Arora-Khatris, including Mathurs, migrated during medieval periods and settled in regions like Punjab and Rajasthan, maintaining endogamous practices distinct from Kayastha customs.[11] In some Vaishya subgroups, such as Agrawals, the Mathur identifier appears linked to origins in the Mathura region, emphasizing agrarian and trading heritage over bureaucratic traditions.[12] These instances illustrate surname overlap due to geographical proximity to Mathura, but community-specific gotras and occupational histories differentiate them from the primary Kayastha association.[4]

Subdivisions and Gotras

Traditional Als and Gotras

The Mathur subcaste within the Kayastha community is traditionally organized into 84 als, which function as exogamous clans tracing descent from specific villages or immediate ancestors in the historical Mathura kingdom, dating back to migrations around 1000 AD amid invasions such as those by Mahmud of Ghazni.[4] These als emphasize clan identity and prohibit intra-al marriages to maintain lineage purity, with some evolving from village names (e.g., Saharia from Sahar, Mahabani from Mahaban) while others derive from professions (e.g., Manak Bhandari for gem dealers, Naqdidhar for assayers) or honorific titles (e.g., Kataria, Munshi).[4] A comprehensive alphabetical compilation by the Mathur Association Bombay, dated March 5, 1999, enumerates them as follows, noting variations in spelling and occasional later additions like Narnaulia from 18th-century migrations to Narnaul:
  • Andley, Andwaria, Atrolia, Attaria, Banawari, Banberia, Bandesia, Banspuria, Bansurya, Barelia Jochabe, Basdevia, Beasia, Berni, Bheronia, Bhimgiria, Bhiwania, Bilraiyan, Chandosia, Chhailgiria, Chharchholia, Chobisey, Dhoopbas, Dilwalia, Galgotia, Ghoorey, Jalesari, Jalwania, Jhamarya, Jiwalya, Jochabe, Kaapaspuria, Kakrania, Kalholia, Kamya, Kanhoia, Kanopuria, Kataria, Kedia, Khaiwale, Khanjaria, Khatwalia, Kiwania, Kodiwal, Kosia, Kursolia, Kuwaria, Magadwaria, Mahabani, Mahobia, Maipuria, Manek Bhandari, Mangodia, Mansabdar, Meerawati, Morchhabey, Munshi, Nag, Naipalia, Nandesia, Naqdidhar, Nawaria, Pakharpuria, Panchholia, Panpuria, Pattipar, Pradumani, Rajpuria, Sadgiria, Saharia, Sakkarwal, Sambhelia, Sanwalia, Sawania, Sehmeria, Siromani, Sirondia, Sodia, Sonapuria, Sujolia, Taksalia, Tawakley, Tilakdhar, Ulwalia, Untgiria.[13]
Gotras among Mathurs represent patrilineal lineages linked to ancient rishis or gurukuls, guiding ritual practices and philosophical schools, with common examples including Vashishth, Kashyap, Bharadwaj, Shandilya, and Atri; individuals within the same al frequently share a gotra, reinforcing internal cohesion.[4] This dual structure of als and gotras underscores the community's emphasis on traceable ancestry and endogamy rules, distinct from broader Kayastha practices while aligning with Hindu varna traditions of descent and prohibition.[4]

Clan Structure and Lineage Claims

The Mathur sub-caste of Kayasthas is internally structured through subdivisions known as als (branches or sub-groups) and gotras (patrilineal clans). These als, numbering approximately 84, primarily derive from ancestral villages within the historical Mathura kingdom in Brij Bhoomi, reflecting localized clan identities and endogamous practices where marriage within the same al is traditionally prohibited.[4][5] Examples include Sahariya (from Sahar village), Mahabani (from Mahaban), and Narnaulia (from Narnaul in Haryana), with some evolving from occupational titles such as Manak Bhandari (associated with jewelers) or Naqdidhar (cashiers), and others like Kataria or Sadiqia from honorifics or migrations.[4][5] Gotras among Mathurs typically align with broader Kayastha lineages, emphasizing descent from ancient rishis and influencing ritual purity and marriage alliances. Common gotras include Vashishtha, Kashyap, Bharadwaj, Shandilya, and Atri, with members of the same al often sharing a single gotra to maintain traceable patrilineal continuity from a common immediate ancestor.[4] This dual layering of als and gotras reinforces clan cohesion, as als denote proximate ancestral ties while gotras provide a wider exogamous framework prohibiting unions within the same lineage.[5] Lineage claims for Mathurs center on mythological descent from Chitragupta, the Vedic deity tasked with recording human deeds, whose eldest son Charu is traditionally identified as the progenitor of the Mathur sub-caste among the 12 Kayastha branches.[5] This Puranic narrative positions Mathurs as part of Chitragupta's progeny, born to his wife Iravati (or Shobhavati), underscoring their hereditary role as scribes and administrators.[4] Historical assertions trace territorial origins to the Mathura region, encompassing parts of modern Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh, with claims of ruling principalities like Mathura and Ayodhya under Suryavanshi kings and enduring presence during invasions, such as that by Mahmud of Ghazni around 1000 AD.[4][5] These claims, preserved in community traditions, align with empirical records of Kayasthas as bureaucratic elites in northern Indian kingdoms but lack independent corroboration beyond oral and textual lore from caste associations.[3]

Distribution and Migrations

Core Regions in Northern India

The Mathur surname, predominantly associated with the Kayastha subcaste, exhibits its highest concentrations in northern Indian states including Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Delhi, where it accounts for significant portions of the local surname distributions. In Uttar Pradesh, Mathurs form approximately 22% of bearers nationwide, with dense settlements in the western districts centered around Mathura, the eponymous historical origin point of the community dating back to ancient scribal roles under regional kingdoms.[14][15] This region's proximity to the Yamuna River facilitated early administrative and mercantile activities, anchoring Mathur populations in areas like Agra and Aligarh, where they maintained roles in record-keeping and governance through Mughal and colonial eras.[8] Rajasthan hosts the largest share at 26% of Mathur surname occurrences in India, with historical migrations leading to established communities in urban centers such as Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ajmer, and Nagaur by the 16th century, often tied to service in Rajput courts and later British administration.[14][16] Delhi, comprising 20% of national bearers, serves as a modern hub due to post-independence urbanization and proximity to Uttar Pradesh, with Mathurs prominent in bureaucratic and professional circles amid the National Capital Region's expansion since the 1950s.[14] These core areas reflect patterns of endogamous clustering, with community associations tracing lineages to 184 localized subgroups (als) originating from villages in these zones.[4] While smaller pockets exist in adjacent states like Haryana and Madhya Pradesh (e.g., Gwalior), the primary demographic footprint remains in the Indo-Gangetic plains and Aravalli-adjacent territories, where Mathurs comprised notable fractions of literate administrative classes as per 20th-century censuses, such as 1911 records showing Kayastha overrepresentation in United Provinces services.[17] This distribution underscores limited inter-regional mobility until 20th-century industrial shifts, preserving cultural ties to agrarian-scribal heritage in these heartlands.[18]

Historical Migrations and Diaspora

The Mathur Kayasthas, tracing their origins to the Mathura region in present-day Uttar Pradesh, began significant internal migrations within India around 1500 AD, primarily driven by political upheavals and the need to secure administrative roles under emerging Mughal governance.[17] These movements dispersed families from their core northwestern heartland to eastern and southern regions, where they leveraged scribal expertise in revenue records and bureaucracy.[8] By the 18th and 19th centuries, further relocations occurred to urban centers like Delhi, Kanpur, and Lucknow, often tied to service under princely states or British colonial administration, reflecting the community's adaptability in literate professions amid feudal transitions.[7] Colonial-era infrastructure, such as railways introduced in the mid-19th century, facilitated additional voluntary migrations to industrial hubs including Bombay (Mumbai), Calcutta, and Madras, where Mathurs pursued opportunities in trade, law, and civil service.[7] Economic incentives and religious tolerance in these ports outweighed risks from periodic invasions or caste tensions, leading to established enclaves; for instance, Bombay developed a notable Mathur Kayastha community by the early 20th century.[17] Post-independence in 1947, internal dispersal intensified to states like Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Rajasthan, with population concentrations recorded as 9,214 in Delhi and 703 in Madhya Pradesh by recent surname databases, underscoring ongoing urbanization.[7] The Mathur diaspora abroad remains modest, with small communities forming in England and the United States since the late 20th century, primarily through professional migration for higher education, IT, and business roles.[8] These expatriate groups, often numbering in the hundreds per country, maintain cultural ties via associations but show limited institutional presence compared to larger Indian diasporas, reflecting selective emigration patterns post-1960s liberalization.[7] Factors like global job markets and family reunification have sustained this outward flow, though without the scale of forced exoduses seen in other communities.

Social and Occupational Roles

Traditional Professions and Status

The Mathur subcaste, as part of the broader Kayastha community, traditionally occupied roles as scribes, administrators, and record-keepers serving under Hindu, Muslim, and later colonial rulers in northern India.[8] These positions involved maintaining public records, accounts, and administrative duties, leveraging their reputation for literacy and administrative acumen.[19] Historical accounts indicate that Mathurs held civil servant and tax collection posts under Muslim governance, contributing to revenue administration and bureaucratic functions.[8] During the Mughal era, particularly under Akbar in the late 16th century, literate Mathurs were deployed to princely states in Rajputana, such as Jaipur and Amer, to manage local governance and record-keeping.[17] Socially, Mathurs maintained elevated status due to their proximity to ruling powers and avoidance of manual labor, positioning them as an influential urban elite rather than agrarian or priestly groups.[8] This high standing persisted through their adaptability in employment-based occupations, distinguishing them from land-owning castes and aligning them with varna-like roles of intellectual and executive service.[19] Unlike rigidly agrarian communities, Mathurs' emphasis on education and administrative expertise afforded them advisory roles to nobility, reinforcing their prestige in pre-modern Indian society.[17] By the British period in the 19th century, their scribal skills translated into continued bureaucratic employment, as colonial policies favored literate upper castes for civil service roles.[20]

Evolution in Modern Contexts

In post-independence India, Mathur Kayasthas, like other Chitraguptavanshi subgroups, transitioned from traditional scribal and revenue collection roles under colonial administrations to salaried positions in the expanding bureaucratic framework of the new republic, retaining influence in public service due to their established literacy and administrative expertise.[3] This continuity was facilitated by early access to modern education, which positioned them advantageously in competitive examinations for civil services, where Kayasthas historically demonstrated strong performance relative to their demographic weight.[21] By the late 20th and early 21st centuries, diversification accelerated amid economic liberalization, with many entering private sector fields such as information technology, engineering, medicine, finance, and corporate management, reflecting a broader occupational mobility enabled by higher education.[3] Community associations and family networks emphasized professional training, contributing to sustained upward mobility, though some families preserved ties to government roles like judiciary and law.[21] This evolution paralleled a decline in subcaste endogamy, particularly among urban, educated segments, as inter-community marriages increased in metropolitan areas. Socio-economically, Mathurs maintain an elevated status, characterized by low poverty rates and concentration in urban centers like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Delhi, where they benefit from professional networks and historical capital accumulation.[3] However, like other forward castes, they face affirmative action policies that limit access to certain quotas, prompting reliance on general category merit in education and employment.[21] This adaptation underscores a pragmatic response to modernization, prioritizing skill-based advancement over rigid hereditary occupations.

Notable Individuals

In Politics and Administration

Shiv Charan Mathur (14 February 1926 – 25 June 2009) was an Indian National Congress politician who served as Chief Minister of Rajasthan from 14 July 1981 to 23 February 1985 and again from 20 January 1988 to 4 December 1989.[22][23] He earlier held ministerial positions in the Rajasthan cabinet from 1967 to 1972 and 1973 to 1977, focusing on administrative reforms.[22] Mathur also served as Governor of Assam starting in 1990.[22] Om Prakash Mathur (born 1952), a Bharatiya Janata Party leader and former Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharak, has held key organizational roles including state president of BJP Rajasthan from 2008 to 2009, in-charge of BJP's Chhattisgarh unit from 2023 to 2024, and national vice-president of the party.[24][25] He was elected to the Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan and appointed Governor of Sikkim on 28 July 2024.[26][25] Radha Krishna Mathur (born 25 November 1953), a 1977-batch Indian Administrative Service officer of the Tripura cadre, retired as Defence Secretary of India in May 2015 after serving from 25 May 2013.[27][28] His career included roles as Secretary for Defence Production, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, and Chief Information Commissioner of India.[29] Mathur was appointed the first Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh on 31 October 2019.[30]

In Arts, Entertainment, and Literature

Arjun Mathur (born October 18, 1981) is a British-Indian actor recognized for his performances in Hindi cinema and web series, including the Emmy-nominated role in Made in Heaven and films such as My Name Is Khan (2010) and Ajji (2017).[31] Mini Mathur (born August 21, 1972) is an Indian television presenter, actress, and model who hosted the reality singing competition Indian Idol for its first six seasons from 2004 to 2010 and appeared in films like Familywala (2007). Mukesh Chand Mathur, known professionally as Mukesh (July 22, 1923 – August 24, 1976), was a prolific Indian playback singer whose career spanned over three decades, rendering more than 1,200 songs in Hindi films, including classics like "Kai Je Din Toh Aisi Hoti Hai" from Brahmachari (1968), and earning him the nickname "the voice of the common man" for his emotive, melancholic style.[32][33] In literature, Anurag Mathur was an Indian author whose novel The Inscrutable Americans (1991) satirized cultural clashes between Indian immigrants and American society, achieving commercial success and translation into multiple languages. Ashok Mathur, a Canadian writer and artist born in Bhopal, India, explores postcolonial themes and critical race theory in works such as Theatre of the Body (2002), blending creative writing with visual art; he serves as Dean of Graduate Studies at OCAD University.[34] Suhail Mathur is an Indian author of historical and mythological fiction, including the bestselling The Bhairav Putras (2018), which reimagines ancient narratives, and he operates as a literary agent representing international authors.[35]

In Science, Business, and Academia

Samir Mathur is a professor of physics at The Ohio State University, renowned for developing the fuzzball paradigm in string theory, which models black holes as horizonless tangles of fundamental strings to resolve the information paradox associated with event horizons.[36] His foundational 2005 proposal, building on earlier work, has influenced debates on black hole entropy and microstructure, with subsequent refinements including critiques of firewall models in high-energy physics journals.[37] Mathur received the Gravity Research Foundation's first prize in 2021 for his essay on the "elastic vacuum" and the 2024 Physics Undergraduate Teaching Award at Ohio State.[38][39] Deepak Mathur served as Distinguished Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, with research focused on laser-matter interactions, ion-molecule collisions, and ultrafast phenomena, earning the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in Physical Sciences in 1991 from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.[40] His career includes over 400 publications and advancements in experimental techniques for studying molecular dynamics under intense laser fields.[41] Harsh Mathur is a professor of physics at Case Western Reserve University, specializing in theoretical condensed matter physics, gravitational lensing, and alternative gravity theories such as modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) applied to galactic phenomena like the hypothetical Planet Nine.[42] His work has explored quantum effects in disordered systems and cosmological implications of MOND, contributing to discussions on dark matter alternatives.[43] Neil Mathur is Professor of Materials Physics in the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge, a Fellow of the American Physical Society, with expertise in thin-film magnetism, colossal magnetoresistance, and oxide heterostructures for spintronics applications.[44] His research has advanced fabrication techniques for functional materials using pulsed laser deposition, influencing device physics for sensors and data storage.[45] In business, Harshil Mathur co-founded Razorpay in 2014, scaling it into India's leading full-stack fintech platform for online payments, subscriptions, and payouts, achieving unicorn valuation and processing billions in transactions annually as of 2025.[46] Under his leadership as CEO, the company expanded to serve over 100,000 businesses, integrating AI-driven fraud detection and international payments amid competition from giants like Paytm and global players.[47]

References

User Avatar
No comments yet.