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Mint 400
Mint 400
Mint 400
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Mint 400
LocationPrimm, Nevada
Corporate sponsorThe Mint Las Vegas
First race1968
Circuit information
SurfaceDesert off road race

The Mint 400 is an annual American desert off-road race which takes place near Las Vegas, Nevada. It was resumed in 2008 after a 20-year hiatus.

The race was for both motorcycles, until 1977, and four-wheel vehicles (buggies, cars and trucks) sponsored by Del Webb's Mint Hotel and Casino.[1] Webb, a real estate developer and friend of Howard Hughes, was owner of the Mint Hotel in downtown Las Vegas. It became known as The Great American Desert Race.

History

[edit]
K. J. Howe, former Mint 400 race director being interviewed

Norm Johnson created "The Mint '400' Del Webb Desert Rally"[2] in 1968 in his role as promotions director of The Mint Hotel & Casino. The first race sent 101 vehicles across roughly 400 miles (640 km) of desert, started and ended at The Mint Hotel in Las Vegas with pit-stops at Ash Meadows, Beatty and Lathrop Wells.

The future of the Mint 400 race came into question in 1988 following the sale of Del Webb's Mint Hotel & Casino to Jack Binion, owner of the Horseshoe Club. However, as a testament to the race itself, the prestige and importance of the event created by veteran race director K. J. Howe and the Mint management team and the financial benefit this promotion brought to the City of Las Vegas, under new ownership the annual Mint 400 Off Road Race continued to be run in 1988 and 1989. [citation needed]

New owner Binion felt the race and its ancillary activities along Fremont Street had a negative impact on his casinos. So, the race was no longer held after the 1988 Mint 400.[citation needed]

The Mint was not held for nearly twenty years, then was restarted by long-time sponsor General Tire with help from the Southern Nevada Off-Road Enthusiasts. The race resumed on March 29, 2008.[3] The race was preceded by inspections of the vehicles on Fremont Street in the Fremont East district.[3] SNORE eventually sold the franchise to The Martelli Brothers for the 2011 edition.

In 2012, the Martelli Brothers partnered with off-road industry veteran Casey Folks, owner of the largest off-road desert racing organization in the world, the Best in the Desert Racing Association. The Mint was added to the Best in the Desert championship schedule, and a new 100 mi (160 km) race loop was carved out for the 400 mi (640 km) contest. The number of entries swelled to an astounding three hundred and twenty three race teams, making the Mint 400 one of the largest off-road races in the world.

2012 also saw the introduction of the Method Race Wheels Pit Crew Challenge, an event in which sixteen pit crews from the top unlimited truck teams competed in a head-to-head battle to decide who had the best crew. Each of the three-man teams were given one jack, one impact gun, and one spare tire. The team who completed two tire changes the fastest, advanced to the next round. Over 10,000 spectators on Fremont Street, showed up to cheer on the teams. After several close and heated rounds the General Tire/THR team – which included drivers Mikey Childress, Rick Johnson, and crew member James Walker – out-pitted the field to win.[citation needed]

The Martelli Brothers parted ways with Best in the Desert for the 2020 edition, and created the Unlimited Off-Road Racing series in 2023, which also features the Parker 400 and California 300.

Winners

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Motorcycle

[edit]
  • 1968 J. N. Roberts / Gunnar Lindstrom (Husqvarna) 12:30:32[4]
  • 1969 Mike Patrick / Phil Bowers (Yamaha)[5]
  • 1970 Mike Patrick / Phil Bowers (Yamaha) 8:53:42[6]
  • 1971 J. N. Roberts / Max Switzer (Husqvarna) 9:54:05[7]
  • 1972 Rolf Tibblin / Bob Grossi (Husqvarna) 7:16:26[8]
  • 1973 Rolf Tibblin / Mitch Mayes (Husqvarna) [9]
  • 1974 No race due to 1973 oil crisis
  • 1975 Mark Mason / Jack Johnson 7:59
  • 1976 Rolf Tibblin / Jack Johnson (Husqvarna) [10]
  • 2019 Ricky Brabec / Kendall Norman 4:53:27
  • 2022 Dalton Shirey / David Kamo 8:00:21
  • 2023 Dalton Shirey 7:34:04.346
  • 2024 Preston Campbell 7:37:16.063

Overall four-wheel

[edit]
  • 1968 Gene Hirst & Al Halz 16:01:32
  • 1969 John Johnson & Linda Johnson 12:19:00
  • 1970 Drino Miller & Vic Wilson 12:44:34
  • 1971 Fritz Kroyer & Bill Harkey 13:30:42
  • 1972 Fritz Kroyer & Bill Harkey 8:33:00
  • 1973 Parnelli Jones & Bill Stroppe 9:10:00
  • 1974 No race due to 1973 oil crisis
  • 1975 Gene Hirst & Rick Mears 9:31:46
  • 1976 Gene Hirst & Bobby Ferro 10:22:47
  • 1977 Malcolm Smith & Bud Feldkamp 9:09.30
  • 1978 Malcolm Smith & Bud Feldkamp 8:59.35
  • 1979 Bobby Ferro & Glenn Harris 8:34.94
  • 1980 Jack Johnson 7:38.37
  • 1981 Ron Gardner & Bernie Mayer 8:18:13
  • 1982 Jim Temple & Rolf Tibblin 9:32:39
  • 1983 Jim Wright & Billy Wright 9:17:52
  • 1984 Jim Wright & Billy Wright 9:20:31
  • 1985 Jim Temple & Kenny Cox 9:08:16
  • 1986 Larry Ragland 8:33:14
  • 1987 Steve Sourapas & Dave Richardson 8:50:00
  • 1988 Mark McMillin 7:46:16
  • 1989 Ivan Stewart 9:34:40
  • 1990–1994 Nissan 400
  • 1995–2007 No race held
  • 2008 Brian Collins & Chuck Hovey 6:36:55
  • 2009 Andy McMillin 8:27:35
  • 2010 Roger Norman 8:37:29
  • 2011 B. J. Baldwin 8:30:37
  • 2012 Robby Gordon 6:05:54
  • 2013 Bryce Menzies 6:19:59
  • 2014 Steve Sourapas & Andy McMillin 6:14:29
  • 2015 Justin Lofton 5:57:38
  • 2016 Justin Lofton 5:36:10
  • 2017 Rob MacCachren 5:30:32
  • 2018 Bryce Menzies & Jake Povey 5:52:03
  • 2019 Justin Lofton 5:24:26
  • 2020 Luke McMillin & Jason Duncan 6:49:52
  • 2021 Rob MacCachren & Cayden MacCachren 6:56:21
  • 2022 Kyle Jergensen & Shawn Shanks 6:43:49
  • 2023 Eric Hardin & Andrew Myers 6:46.37
  • 2024 Adam Householder & Trevor Ellingham 6:46:57
  • 2025 Adam Householder & Trevor Ellingham 6:59:06

Car/Truck Classes

[edit]

Source:[11]

Notable entrants

[edit]

Entrants in this event were worldwide and included some well-known names from racing and people from the television and motion picture industry. Indianapolis 500 winners Parnelli Jones, Al Unser, Rick Mears, and Rodger Ward; off-road champions Mickey Thompson, Ivan Stewart, Jack Flannery, Walker Evans; international off-road competitor, Rod Hall; power boat champion Bill Muncey, film and television stars James Garner, Steve McQueen, Larry Wilcox and Patrick Dempsey; comedian Mort Sahl; astronaut Gordon Cooper and rock musician Ted Nugent have competed in the Mint 400. Jay Leno raced with Jerry Zaiden from Camburg Racing, Heavy D & Diesel Dave from the Discovery Channel show. Diesel Brothers competed in the Mint 400 in 2017. Heavy D & Diesel Dave's race in the Mint 400 was featured on the show in the episode from Season 3, "Race Against the Machine".[12] In 2025 WWE wrestler Stone Cold Steve Austin participated in the race as well.[13]

Mint 400 girls

[edit]

K.J. Howe, Mint Hotel executive and longtime Mint 400 Race Director, conceived "The Girls of the Mint 400" in 1972 to add glamor and PR value to the race. Each year the Mint racing committee chose a contingent of women to reign over the events' activities. Local media representatives would help select the final ten from the hundreds of entries received from contestants from around the US, Canada, Mexico and Europe. The Mint racing committee would select the final five who became the Mint 400 girls. Former mint 400 girls include actress Lynda Carter and Wheel of Fortune's Vanna White. Mint 400 Girls Tracy Vaccaro and Dona Speir were later Playboy centerfolds and Vickie Reigle was on the Playboy cover subsequent to her Mint 400 publicity.1981 vegas favorite was Kim O’Brien Lisa Soulé, Anita Merritt, Angela Aames, Lisa Hunter and Suzanne Regard later appeared in various movies and television series as well as Mint Hotel and Casino advertising campaigns.

The Miss Mint contest [14] was revived along with the race with the goal to become the premiere beauty contest in motorsports. In 2012 the prize purses were increased dramatically, driving up the number of entrants to nearly double from previous years. The contingent of off-road women competed for a combination of online votes and judges’ votes. After an online contest with online voting, the competition was narrowed down to three women. Vanessa Golub-Ferrara was picked as The 2012 General Tire Miss Mint.

[edit]

Hunter S. Thompson's novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas depicts the 1971 race in one of the earliest and best known instances of gonzo journalism. The race is also featured in the 1998 film, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas based on Thompson's book. The 1993 Nissan 400 was featured in the Film Desert Steel.

The 2010 and 2011 Mint 400 were featured on Fuel TV, while the 2012 Mint 400 was aired on Speed.

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Mint 400

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Mint 400 is an annual event held each in the desert terrain east of between Primm and Sloan, , in the foothills surrounding , and is widely regarded as the oldest and most prestigious desert race in the United States. It features over 500 teams competing in more than 50 classes across vehicles such as unlimited trucks, limited buggies, UTVs, motorcycles, and youth categories, drawing nearly 65,000 spectators from across the U.S. and internationally. Founded in 1968 by , a promotions manager at the Mint Hotel and in , the race originated as a tied to the hotel's annual deer hunt, initially called the Mint 400 Del Webb Desert Rally. By 1969, it had gained prominence with a $30,000 prize purse and attracted notable drivers like Mel Larson and , solidifying its status as a major off-road competition. The event paused after 1988 following the sale of the Mint Hotel but was revived in 2008 under new ownership, rebranded as the Great American Off-Road Race, and has since incorporated modern technologies like GPS tracking while preserving its rugged desert course format. The race's multi-day format includes qualifying sessions, a main event with laps ranging from 60 to 95 miles depending on the class, and side-by-side or staggered starts in the Mountains' challenging terrain, which features rocky washes, steep climbs, and high-speed straights. Over the years, it has hosted legendary racers such as , , and Ivan "The Ironman" Stewart, alongside celebrity racers such as and , and celebrity involvement including as a Mint 400 , contributing to its status—most famously immortalized in Hunter S. Thompson's 1971 novel Fear and Loathing in . Today, as part of the American Championship series, the Mint 400 emphasizes safety protocols, environmental cleanup, and inclusivity for amateur and professional entrants alike.

Overview

Event Description

The Mint 400, known as the "Great American Off-Road Race," is an annual endurance desert race spanning approximately 400 miles (640 km) through challenging off-road terrain. It features a multi-lap loop course in the rugged near , testing the limits of vehicles and drivers in a high-stakes competition that originated in 1968. The event attracts over 500 race teams across various vehicle types, drawing nearly 65,000 spectators who line the course and attend associated festivals in . Its format emphasizes endurance and navigation through diverse desert landscapes, including rocky washes, sandy dunes, and steep inclines, making it a benchmark for prowess. Organized by the American Off-Road Racing Championship (formed in 2025 through the unification of Unlimited Off-Road Racing, which assumed management in 2023, and Best in the Desert), the Mint 400 occurs annually in March as a multi-day affair, typically featuring qualifying and a limited-distance race on followed by the main unlimited race on . Key sponsors, including title partner Tires since 2018 and , underscore its status as America's oldest and most prestigious off-road event.

Location and Route

The Mint 400 starts and finishes in , approximately 40 miles southwest of , utilizing public lands managed by the in the Ivanpah Valley and surrounding areas. The course extends eastward from Primm toward Jean Dry Lake Bed and into the McCullough Range, creating a demanding off-road environment on terrain designated for recreational use. The route forms an approximately 400-mile loop, typically completed over multiple laps depending on the class, traversing rocky washes, silt-filled beds, and rugged mountain passes. Key features include mandatory checkpoints for racer verification, such as speed zones at bridges near Primm and the Gonzo Pit area, as well as spectator zones like the "Party at the Mint" festival grounds at the Primm start/finish and additional viewing areas off Goodsprings Road in Jean. Participants face intense terrain challenges, including blinding dust that reduces visibility, sharp jagged rocks capable of damaging vehicles, high-speed whoop sections, and silt beds that challenge traction and speed. Elevation changes occur as racers climb from the valley floor near 3,300 feet to higher points in the McCullough Range exceeding 5,000 feet. Since the event's resumption, GPS tracking has been mandatory for all vehicles and riders to facilitate , timing, and emergency response. Post-2008, the route has seen minor adjustments for improved and , such as rerouting to avoid vegetation near Jean Dry Lake Bed and shortening certain segments for accessibility. The 2025 iteration emphasized youth-accessible sections with compact loops of 1.5 to 5.8 miles tailored for junior classes. Logistically, the race operates on BLM-managed public lands with temporary closures of access points and surrounding roads to minimize risks, supported by helicopter teams for medical evacuations and on-course monitoring via radio frequencies. The event occurs annually in March.

History

Origins and Early Years (1968–1988)

The Mint 400 was founded in 1968 by , the public relations director for the Mint Hotel & Casino in , as a promotional event tied to the hotel's annual deer hunt. Inspired by the growing popularity of Mexican off-road races like the , Johnson organized the inaugural event to attract attention to the casino through a challenging rally. The first race, held in March 1968, featured approximately 101 vehicles navigating roughly 400 miles of rugged terrain, starting and ending at the Mint Hotel with a checkpoint at Ash Meadows. It was won by Gene Hirst and Al Halz in a powered by a engine, completing the course in 16 hours, 1 minute, and 32 seconds. Initially structured as an endurance rally with staggered starts based on vehicle class, the event emphasized and durability over speed, drawing from rally formats popular in off-road circles. By 1969, it evolved into a more formalized competition with a $30,000 prize purse and endorsements from racing figures like Mel Larson and , which boosted credibility and international participation. The format shifted toward multi-lap courses in later years to manage logistics, but the core remained a grueling test of man and machine across dusty trails, canyons, and beds. The race experienced rapid growth in the 1970s, fueled by media coverage in publications like Cycle World and MotorTrend, which highlighted its spectacle and drew enthusiasts from across the U.S. Entrants surged from 101 in 1968 to 287 by 1970 and peaked at around 550 vehicles by the mid-1970s, establishing it as one of North America's premier off-road events. Celebrity involvement added glamour starting in the early 1970s, with actors like and competing, enhancing the event's allure and media appeal. In 1972, the introduction of the "Girls of the Mint 400"—a promotional feature showcasing models like —further amplified its entertainment value. By the , the race reached its zenith with over entrants annually and strong sponsorship from the Mint Casino, attracting up to 100,000 spectators in 1985. However, safety concerns mounted amid the event's expansion, with numerous injuries from high-speed crashes in unprepared vehicles; this led to rule changes, including mandatory roll cages by the late 1960s to mitigate risks after early incidents exposed vulnerabilities in open-frame designs. Fatalities, though rare, underscored the dangers, prompting ongoing refinements to vehicle standards and course markings.

Hiatus and Resumption (1989–2008)

Following the 1989 edition, the Mint 400 entered a 20-year hiatus primarily due to the sale of the sponsoring Binion's Mint and Casino in 1988 to a new ownership group led by . The new proprietors regarded the race, along with its rowdy festivities, as detrimental to casino operations and declined to continue sponsorship beyond contractual commitments for the 1988 and 1989 . Contributing factors included rising costs and stricter environmental regulations governing off-road on public lands, which compounded the loss of primary sponsorship and made sustaining the race increasingly difficult. The final pre-hiatus race in 1989, held north of , was won overall by "Ironman" Stewart in his Toyota-sponsored unlimited after five attempts at in . During the ensuing two decades, the Mint 400's legacy endured through off-road enthusiast communities, archival coverage in publications like Four Wheeler magazine, and ongoing discussions in racing forums, preserving its status as a cornerstone of American . The event resumed in 2008 as the Mint 400, organized by the Southern Nevada Off-Road Enthusiasts (SNORE) with stepping in as title sponsor to revive the "Great American Off-Road Race." The 400-mile course near , featured a 95-mile lap format and drew over 300 entrants, with overall victory going to Chuck Hovey of , and co-driver Brian Collins of in an unlimited truck after a six-hour, 36-minute run. Revival efforts were bolstered by SNORE's experience in local and General Tire's financial backing, which facilitated permits for the public-land course despite environmental oversight requirements. Initial logistical challenges encompassed securing these permits amid regulatory scrutiny, coordinating a capped entry list filled via qualifiers like the Battle at Primm, and rekindling participant interest after two decades of absence, though the event successfully attracted a diverse field of vehicles and riders. By 2010, the race had stabilized at its traditional 400-mile distance under continued SNORE management, setting the stage for further growth.

Modern Developments (2009–Present)

Following its resumption in 2008, the Mint 400 operated under the Best in the Desert (BID) sanctioning body from 2012 through 2022, which helped stabilize the event's format and class structure. In 2023, the race transitioned to the Unlimited Off-Road Racing (UNLTD) series, founded by the Martelli Brothers after years of promoting desert events, enabling broader media integration and enhanced live streaming for global audiences. In August 2025, BID and UNLTD unified to form the American Off-Road Racing Championship, combining their series for a unified off-road racing calendar as of the 2026 season. This shift emphasized digital accessibility, with multi-camera broadcasts and real-time updates becoming central to the event's presentation. Technological innovations have transformed race monitoring and participation since the early . Live GPS tracking was adopted to provide real-time vehicle positions, with systems transmitting updates every 30 seconds to two minutes for improved safety and spectator engagement. Electric vehicle classes were introduced in 2021, allowing battery-powered trucks and SUVs to compete in dedicated categories like EV Unlimited and EV Production, reflecting the off-road industry's shift toward sustainable powertrains. Drone footage has augmented broadcasts since at least 2020, offering aerial perspectives of the rugged terrain during live streams. Event scale has expanded to include more diverse participants, with youth divisions—such as Youth 570 and Youth 1000—gaining prominence in 2025 to nurture young talent on shorter courses. Recent years have seen record attendance, drawing nearly 65,000 spectators to the Las Vegas festivities and desert course in 2024. The prompted adaptations in 2021, including rescheduling the event to December and relying on virtual live streams for amid spectator restrictions. Environmental efforts have intensified, with the annual Desert Cleanup—launched in 2017—mobilizing volunteers to remove nearly 30 tons of trash in 2025 alone, promoting zero-waste practices in the . Sponsorships have evolved to support larger prize structures, with BFGoodrich Tires securing multi-year title deals since 2017, including a three-year extension through 2027 that underscores tire innovation in harsh conditions. Polaris RZR joined as a key partner in 2025, focusing on UTV classes, while contingencies from brands like FOX Shocks exceed $100,000 annually, boosting overall purses to over $125,000 in recent editions.

Race Format and Organization

Course Layout and Rules

The Mint 400 operates under the guidelines of the Unlimited Championship, which enforces a structured format to ensure fair competition across its desert course. Qualifying sessions are typically conducted on Thursday or Friday prior to the main event, allowing top entrants in select classes—such as Unlimited Truck, Class 1, and Pro UTV—to determine starting positions based on performance. The primary race unfolds over the following one to two days, typically Friday and Saturday, covering approximately 400 miles through a series of laps on a marked loop ranging from 60 to 95 miles per lap, depending on the division. Races employ a mass start with staggered waves by class, where vehicles depart at intervals of 15 to 60 seconds to manage traffic flow and safety on the shared course. Core rules emphasize adherence to the designated path, with no pre-running permitted to maintain course integrity; violations, including short-cutting verified by virtual checkpoints, result in disqualification. Time limits are class-specific, focusing on elapsed time from start to finish within the event's overall duration, typically allowing 12 to 14 hours for completion in major divisions to account for the demanding terrain. Pit stops are permitted in designated zones, which serve as mandatory 25 mph speed-limited areas for refueling, repairs, and crew assistance; passing is prohibited here, and non-compliance incurs time penalties or disqualification. Safety protocols are rigorous, requiring all participants to wear helmets meeting Snell SA2020 or FIA standards, SFI-rated fire suits (3.2A/5 or higher) during refueling, and five-point harnesses secured to approved s constructed from at least 1.5-inch diameter tubing. Vehicles must carry onboard fire extinguishers (2.5-pound interior and 5-pound exterior minimum), first-aid kits, and survival supplies including water; breakdowns require displaying red flashing beacons for visibility. Medical support teams are positioned at key checkpoints, such as the Gene Hirst and Gonzo pits, while chase vehicles provide immediate assistance to stranded racers. Following safety enhancements implemented after 2008, roll cage designs have prioritized rollover protection with specific tubing specifications and mounting requirements to mitigate crash risks in the high-speed environment. The scoring system relies on GPS transponders and tracking units to record elapsed time, determining winners by the lowest overall time or most laps completed within limits; class-specific awards recognize top finishers separately from the overall victor. Penalties include 5-minute additions for rolling through checkpoints without proper stops, escalating to disqualification for unsafe speeding, reverse driving, or unsportsmanlike conduct such as littering. Unique to the event, designated fan zones along the course integrate live music and spectator viewing areas, creating accessible interaction points while maintaining separation from active racing sections. The terrain presents inherent challenges like and variable surfaces, but rules prioritize ground markings and GPS files to guide navigation and prevent deviations.

Vehicle and Rider Classes

The Mint 400 organizes its competition into numerous vehicle and rider classes to ensure fair racing across diverse vehicle types and participant experience levels, drawing from the Unlimited Off-Road Racing (UORR) guidelines. Since the event's revival in , the number of subclasses has grown to over 50, encompassing cars, trucks, UTVs, motorcycles, and specialized categories like electric vehicles, allowing for both professional and amateur entries while prioritizing safety and technical compliance. Unlimited Trucks represent a premier four-wheel-drive category featuring vehicles with truck or bodies, designed for high-speed performance. Eligibility requires compliance with open and suspension rules, with no engine displacement limits, permitting modified or diesel powertrains; up to two seats are standard, expandable to three with approval. Technical specifications include unlimited suspension travel often exceeding 20 inches via independent rear suspension, and fuel cells for . Tires and wheels comply with general technical rules. Drivers must be at least 14 years old, hold a valid for pro divisions, and wear SFI-rated helmets, suits, and five-point harnesses. Subclasses like Unlimited Truck SPEC impose engine restrictions for parity, while Legends requires drivers over 50. Class 1 focuses on limited-production open-wheel buggies, emphasizing lightweight agility with mid- or rear-engine layouts and no enclosed bodies. Vehicles must weigh at least 3,950 pounds race-ready, with open engine configurations supporting fuels and mandatory fuel cells. Tires comply with general technical rules, while suspension systems provide over 20 inches of travel using coil-overs or air shocks, with independent rear setups required. Rider eligibility starts at age 14, mandating professional licensing for top divisions and full safety gear including fire-resistant clothing and roll cages built to 1.5-inch tubing standards. Subclasses such as Class 1 SPEC limit modifications to 6,200cc engines for controlled . UTV Pro/Open classes cater to side-by-side vehicles from production manufacturers, producing at least 1,000 units annually, divided into naturally aspirated (up to 2,000cc) and turbocharged (up to 1,000cc with 40mm restrictors) variants retaining OEM engine blocks and cylinder heads. Track width is capped at 83 inches, wheelbase at stock plus 8 inches, tires at 35x10.5 inches on 15-inch wheels, and suspension travel typically reaches 20 inches for rough terrain handling; gasoline or mandated fuels are used. Drivers and co-drivers, minimum age 14, require helmets, protective suits, and roll cages of 1.5-inch tubing. For 2025, new Youth UTV subclasses like Youth 1000 and Youth 570 introduce restricted-power options for emerging racers. Motorcycles span from Lites (up to 250cc) to Open Pro with unrestricted engines, all using and focusing on solo riders without passenger options. Technical rules emphasize lightweight frames, with suspension travel optimized for desert jumps (often 10-12 inches front/rear), knobby tires up to 21 inches, and no but mandatory DOT helmets, boots, and rear reflectors. Riders must be at least 16 years old, with pro classes requiring licenses; subclasses like 399cc limit displacement for progression. Emerging EV classes, introduced in 2021 and now including UTV EV/Hybrid and EV Unlimited, welcome all electric or hybrid vehicles while retaining manufacturer , transmissions, and differentials. Powertrains use battery or hybrid systems with open specs for voltage and capacity, tires and suspension following UTV or truck guidelines (35-inch max tires, 20+ inches travel), and safety includes high-voltage isolation and fire suppression. Eligibility mirrors standard classes with age minimums of 14 for drivers, plus specialized EV technical inspections. Awards consist of separate podium finishes and trophies for top three in each class, with an overall four-wheel vehicle title awarded to the fastest elapsed time among unlimited categories like Trucks and Class 1.

Competition Results

Motorcycle Division Winners

The Motorcycle Division of the Mint 400 has featured intense competition since the event's , with riders facing extreme desert conditions including high dust levels that challenge engine performance through ingestion and prolonged vibration that tests rider endurance. Early races from to saw formats dominate, often with shared riding duties over the grueling 400-mile course, while modern iterations since the division's resumption in have incorporated both solo and efforts, reflecting evolving and considerations. Average finishing speeds for winners have typically ranged from 30 to 40 mph, influenced by variability and mechanical demands. In the inaugural years, European and Japanese manufacturers like Husqvarna and Yamaha asserted dominance, with teams leveraging reliable big-bore machines to navigate rocky washes and sandy expanses. J.N. Roberts and Gunnar Lindstrom claimed the 1968 victory on a Husqvarna, setting an early benchmark with a 12-hour, 30-minute finish at 32 mph average speed, outperforming many four-wheeled entries despite the course's brutality that sidelined over 60% of participants. The following year, and Phil Bowers secured back-to-back wins in 1969 and 1970 aboard Yamahas, establishing consecutive victories as a rare feat in the division's history. In 1971, J.N. Roberts paired with Max Switzer for the win on a Husqvarna, while 1972 saw Rolf Tibblin and Bob Grossi triumph on another Husqvarna, with Tibblin—a three-time world champion—delivering an upset performance after years away from competition. Jack Johnson emerged as a standout in the mid-1970s, notching three career wins including the 1975 overall with Mark Mason on a Yamaha, highlighting the era's shift toward Japanese engineering prowess amid intense rivalries with Husqvarna teams. Following the edition—where Tibblin and Johnson shared overall honors—the division entered a 43-year hiatus due to organizational shifts and safety concerns, leaving a legacy of and mechanical innovation. Bikes returned triumphantly in 2019, with Ricky Brabec and Kendall Norman taking the inaugural modern win on a , edging out solo rider Jacob Argubright in a tight battle that revived the division's prestige.
YearWinner(s)ManufacturerNotes
1968J.N. Roberts / Gunnar LindstromHusqvarnaOverall winners; 32 mph avg. speed
1969 / Phil BowersYamahaFirst of consecutive wins
1970 / Phil BowersYamahaBack-to-back victors
1971J.N. Roberts / Max SwitzerHusqvarnaTeam effort finishes in 9:54:05
1972Rolf Tibblin / Bob GrossiHusqvarnaTibblin's comeback upset; split $12,000 purse
1975Jack Johnson / Mark MasonYamahaJohnson's first of three wins
1976Rolf Tibblin / Jack JohnsonHusqvarnaFinal pre-hiatus win; $2,700 prize split
2019Ricky Brabec / Kendall NormanDivision returns after 43 years
2020Dalton ShireyHusqvarnaConvincing solo victory
2021Danny CooperUnspecifiedNarrow win over Jacob Argubright
2022Dalton ShireyHusqvarnaSecond win in three years
2023Dalton ShireyHusqvarnaThird career victory
2024 / Ricky BrabecTeam podium battle
2025Dalton Shirey / Sam PretschererHusqvarnaBack-to-back team win; 2nd: Campbell/Brabec
Post-resumption trends show a blend of solo rides and strategic team relays, with Dalton Shirey emerging as a modern record-holder alongside Johnson's early dominance. Challenges like dust-clogged air filters and relentless vibration have persisted, demanding advanced suspension and filtration tech for success.

Four-Wheel Division Winners

The four-wheel division of the Mint 400 has seen a diverse array of vehicles and drivers claim victory since the race's inception, with overall winners determined by the fastest elapsed time among cars, trucks, and UTVs. The inaugural event in 1968 was won by Gene Hirst and Al Halz in a , marking the start of a that evolved from modified production cars to specialized off-road machines. Over the years, the division has produced iconic victors and shifting dominance. Ivan "Ironman" Stewart secured five wins in the 1980s, establishing himself as a dominant force in Toyota-backed trucks during the race's pre-hiatus era. His successes contributed to Toyota's strong presence in the event, with Stewart's overall tally reaching eight Mint 400 victories across his career. Notable races highlight the division's intensity and innovation. In 1973, piloted the "Big Oly" to victory, showcasing the crossover appeal of legends in . B.J. Baldwin set a record average speed in 2011 with his win in a , completing the course in 8:30:37 and underscoring advancements in vehicle performance during the race's modern revival.
YearWinner(s)Vehicle/ClassElapsed TimeNotes
1968Gene Hirst & Al Halz (Car)16:01:32Inaugural four-wheel win; early emphasis on stock-modified vehicles.
1969John Johnson & Linda JohnsonModified Car12:19:00Family team victory in production-based class.
1970Drino Miller & Vic WilsonOff-road Buggy12:44:34Shift toward custom buggies.
1973 & Bill Stroppe (Unlimited)16:42:00Celebrity driver milestone.
1980s (select) (multiple) Truck (Class 8/Unlimited)VariesFive wins, including 1989 overall.
2011B.J. Baldwin (Unlimited)8:30:37Record speed at the time.
2024Adam HouseholderUnlimited Truck 2WD6:46:59Back-to-back setup.
2025Adam Householder & Trevor EllinghamUnlimited Truck 2WD6:59:06Second consecutive overall win.
The division's trends reflect broader off-road evolution, transitioning from rear-engine cars like VWs in the late 1960s to powerful trucks in the 1980s and dominant UTVs in recent decades. Polaris has led UTV dominance, with Brock Heger winning the Limited class in both 2024 and 2025, including a 2025 victory in 7:11:30 aboard a RZR Pro R Factory. Average winning speeds have ranged from 35–45 mph in early loop-style courses to higher in the modern point-to-point format, influenced by terrain and vehicle tech. Team formats with co-drivers became standard in the 1990s, enhancing endurance for the ~400-mile course. In 2025, the four-wheel podium exemplified this mix, with and Ellingham taking first overall, followed by Cayden MacCachren in second (UTV Pro Open), and Kyle Jergensen in third (Unlimited Truck).

Participants

Professional Racers and Teams

Ivan "Ironman" Stewart stands as one of the most dominant figures in Mint 400 , securing eight overall victories while racing for the factory team during the 1970s and 1980s, showcasing his endurance in long-distance desert events. 's involvement during this era marked a period of manufacturer dominance, with Stewart's wins highlighting the brand's engineering prowess in off-road trucks adapted for high-speed . Parnelli Jones, a celebrated Indianapolis 500 champion, emerged as a 1970s icon in the Mint 400, co-driving to victory in 1973 alongside Bill Stroppe in a , which helped elevate the event's profile among professional racers transitioning from pavement to dirt. has maintained a multi-era presence as a professional entrant, competing across decades in various vehicle classes and bringing his expertise from Baja races to the Mint 400's challenging terrain. In the modern era, Bryce Menzies has been a key contender driving Ford Raptor vehicles, frequently podiuming in unlimited truck classes through the 2010s and 2020s with factory-backed support that emphasizes durable suspension and powertrain reliability, including overall wins in 2013 and 2018. Andy McMillin, known for his ties to the San Felipe-based racing legacy, claimed the overall win in 2014 aboard a Corona-sponsored Ford, demonstrating strategic pacing over the race's demanding laps. Emerging standout Cayden MacCachren, aligned with the Herbst Motorsports team, finished second in the Limited Race in the 2025 event, contributing to Polaris's sweep in UTV classes. In the same year, Adam Householder secured back-to-back overall wins in the Unlimited Race, while Brock Heger dominated the Limited Race for Polaris. Factory teams from Ford, Chevrolet, and provide critical support, supplying purpose-built vehicles like the for trucks, Chevrolet-powered unlimited classes, and side-by-sides that have secured multiple UTV victories in the 2020s, including a top-four sweep in 2025. These teams rely on specialized s for on-course repairs, tire changes, and strategic decisions, with roles such as crew chiefs coordinating pit stops to address mechanical issues amid the race's dust and heat.

Celebrity and Amateur Entrants

The Mint 400 has long attracted celebrities drawn to its reputation as a challenging desert race, with notable participants including actor , who competed in a buggy during the 1970s. McQueen's involvement helped elevate the event's profile among Hollywood circles. Similarly, actor entered the race in the early 1970s, showcasing his interest in motorsports alongside his film career. In the 2010s, actor and racer returned to the Mint 400, teaming with Andy Lally to win their class in 2013 and competing again in 2015 against in a Zero One vehicle. Rock musician also raced in the Mint 400 during the 1980s, adding to the event's appeal as a draw. More recently, wrestling icon " made his racing debut at the 2025 Tires Mint 400, competing in the unlimited class before a DNF finish, while also serving as . Beyond celebrities, the Mint 400 features open classes that welcome amateur and hobbyist entrants, allowing non-professionals to compete in categories like two-wheel and four-wheel vehicles. Youth divisions further encourage amateur participation, as seen in 2025 when young rider Ryland Gaughan secured the overall win in the Youth 250 class. entrants have significantly boosted the race's media exposure, with figures like Austin bridging wrestling and communities through his 2025 involvement. This crossover has drawn new audiences to the event, enhancing its cultural reach. Amateurs face substantial challenges, including high entry fees that can exceed $1,000 per team depending on the class, plus significant vehicle preparation and maintenance costs that often run into tens of thousands of dollars for competitive readiness.

Cultural Aspects

Mint 400 Girls

The "Mint 400 Girls" tradition began in , when K.J. Howe, the race director and an executive at the sponsoring Mint Hotel and Casino, conceived the concept to infuse with added glamour and promotional value. These women, typically models, were hired to appear in pit areas, on podiums, and in official photographs, helping to elevate the race's visibility and tie it closely to the casino's branding. The annual selection process involved local media reviewing hundreds of entries to nominate ten candidates, with the race committee choosing the final five to represent . Among the notable participants were actress , who served as a Mint 400 Girl in the 1970s prior to her iconic role as , and , who was selected in 1981 before rising to fame on Wheel of Fortune. Other figures included Playmates Tracy Vaccaro and Dona Speir, as well as Vickie Reigle, reflecting the era's blend of entertainment and motorsports promotion. The girls played a key role in enhancing spectator engagement and media coverage, appearing in advertisements, hosting events, and embodying the race's high-energy atmosphere to draw larger crowds. Following the original event's hiatus from 1988 to 2008, the tradition was not immediately revived, though promotional elements similar to the original were contemplated during the race's return under new organizers. By the 2020s, the concept had evolved into a more focused "Miss Mint 400" role, as seen in 2020 when Dobrzenski was crowned to support event promotion. Culturally, the Mint 400 Girls epitomized the extravagant, celebrity-driven excess of , amplifying the race's reputation as a spectacle beyond pure competition. Photographs featuring them remain a staple of event memorabilia, preserved in archives such as the Special Collections, which document the era's race activities. The Mint 400 has been prominently featured in through Hunter S. Thompson's 1971 essay "The Mint 400," originally commissioned by and later incorporated into his seminal work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. This piece satirically depicts the race as a chaotic spectacle of American excess, blending hallucinatory narrative with observations of the event's wild atmosphere, thereby cementing the Mint 400's reputation as a cultural icon of and mayhem. Documentary films have captured the race's intensity, starting with the 1978 production Mint 400 1978 by , a 20-minute archival piece highlighting the era's grueling challenges and participant determination. More recent efforts include The 2020 BFG Mint 400 Moto Race, an action-focused documentary showcasing over 200 motorcycle competitors battling the desert, available on platforms like Apple TV and . These films emphasize the event's raw spectacle, from high-speed pursuits to mechanical failures, underscoring its role in popularizing off-road endurance racing. Television and streaming coverage has expanded the race's reach, with broadcasts on the SPEED Channel during the 2000s providing live action and highlights to motorsports audiences. In recent years, Unlimited Off-Road Racing's YouTube channel has streamed events live, including the 2023 Mint 400, drawing significant online viewership through real-time race feeds and post-event recaps that have amassed tens of thousands of views per video. For 2025, the event aired live on SPEED SPORT 1, marking a new broadcast partnership that offered comprehensive coverage of both limited and unlimited classes from Primm, Nevada. The Mint 400's cultural legacy extends to its influence on off-road simulations in video games, inspiring titles that replicate desert rally dynamics, though no official licensed game directly features the event. It has earned a meme-worthy status as "America's craziest race" in online communities, fueled by viral clips of dramatic crashes and dust-choked finishes shared on platforms like and . The 2025 edition trended under #Mint400 on , with highlighting the race's spectacle and drawing millions of impressions across posts. The race has popularized globally, attracting international participants and spectators while fostering crossovers into mainstream entertainment, notably through legend "Stone Cold" Steve Austin's involvement. Austin served as for the 2025 event and competed in the Sportsman UTV class, bridging wrestling fandom with off-road motorsports to broaden the sport's appeal.

References

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