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Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Mohyliv-Podilskyi (Ukrainian: Могилів-Подільський, IPA: [moɦɪˈl⁽ʲ⁾iu̯ poˈd⁽ʲ⁾ilʲsʲkɪj] ⓘ) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion within the oblast. It is located in the historic region of Podolia, on the border with Bessarabia, Moldova, along the left bank of the Dniester River. On the opposite side of the river lies the Moldovan town of Otaci, and the two municipalities are connected to each other by a bridge. Population: 29,925 (2022 estimate).
In addition to the Ukrainian Могилів-Подільський (Mohyliv-Podilskyi), in other languages the name of the city is Polish: Mohylów Podolski, Romanian: Moghilău/Movilău and Yiddish: מאָהילעװ, romanized: Mohilev.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1595–1672
Ottoman Empire 1672–1699
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1699–1793
Russian Empire 1793–1917
Ukraine Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian State 1917-1920
Soviet Ukraine 1920–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1941
Kingdom of Romania 1941–1944
Soviet Union 1944–1991
Ukraine 1991–present
The first mention of the town dates from 1595. The owner of the town, Moldavian hospodar Ieremia Movilă (from which the name Mohyliv, Moghilău/Movilău in Romanian) bestowed it as a dowry gift to his daughter, who married into the Potocki family of Polish nobility. At that time, the groom named the town Movilău in honor of his father-in-law. In the first quarter of the 17th century, Mohyliv became one of the largest towns in Podolia. It was part of the Podolian Voivodeship of the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. It was a multi-ethnic border town whose population included Poles, Greeks, Armenians, Serbs, Vlachs and Bosniaks. In the 18th century the main churches of the town were built: the Polish-Armenian Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Greek St. Nicholas Church. Polish rule was interrupted by Ottoman rule as part of Podolia Eyalet. During Ottoman rule, it was nahiya centre of Kamaniçe sanjak as Mıhaylov.
The town was annexed by Russia after the 1793 Second Partition of Poland. After the restoration of Polish independence, Mohyliv was briefly captured by the Poles under the command of General Franciszek Krajowski in 1919, but it ultimately fell to the Soviet Union. In 1937, during the Polish Operation of the NKVD, the Soviets destroyed the Polish Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[citation needed]
Mohyliv-Podilskyi was occupied by Romanian and German troops in July 1941 and incorporated into the Romanian-ruled Transnistria Governorate. Soon thereafter, thousands of Jews in the town were murdered by the occupiers. Mohyliv-Podilskyi soon became a transit camp for Jews expelled from Bessarabia and Bukovina to Transnistria. From September 15, 1941, to February 15, 1942, 55,913 deportees came through the town. Thousands of people were jammed into the transit camp and maltreated by the Romanian guards. Many Jews were not allowed to stay in Mohyliv-Podilskyi; thousands were forced to travel by foot to nearby villages and towns. Some Jews were sent to the Pechora concentration camp until November 8, 1942 (see below for more details). The 15,000 who were initially permitted to stay in the town organized themselves into groups. Some 2,000—3,000 Jewish workers were given residence permits, as were their family members, while the rest lived in constant fear of being deported into the Transnistrian interior for forced labor.
In the winter of 1941-1942, 3,410 Jews who lived in Mogilev-Podilskyi died of typhus (almost half of those infected), out of an authorized Jewish population of 12,276, according to Siegfried Jagendorf, the leader of the Jewish community of Mohyliv-Podilskyi during most of the 1941-1944 period. On January 31, 1943, there were 15,000 Jews in Mogilev-Podilskyi, including 12,000 deportees and 3,000 local, Ukrainian Jews, according to Fred Sharaga of the Aid Committee of the Central Jewish Office of Romania, who visited the Mogilev-Podilsky ghetto. The number of local Ukrainian Jews in Mohyliv-Podilskyi had been 3,733 in the fall of 1941. The same number, 3,733 local Jews, is listed in a Romanian gendarmerie report from December 1941. According to the Yad Vashem database, 407 Jews who had lived in Mohyliv-Podilskyi before the war whose names are available died in the city because of the Holocaust; many had been killed by the German troops before the arrival of the Romanian administration. The local Jews were, according to a Jewish doctor deported to Mohyliv-Podilskyi who treated many cases of typhus, the local Jews had a much lower mortality rate because typhus was endemic in (most of) Transnistria.
About 3,000 Jews who resided in Mohyliv-Podilskyi were sent in May–June 1942 to the nearby concentration camp in Skazinets, and about half of them died in there. All of the 560 Jews who died in the Skazinets concentration camp in the summer and early fall of 1942 after being deported there in late May and early June 1942 whose names appear in the Yad Vashem database had been sent there from Mohyliv-Podilskyi.
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Mohyliv-Podilskyi
Mohyliv-Podilskyi (Ukrainian: Могилів-Подільський, IPA: [moɦɪˈl⁽ʲ⁾iu̯ poˈd⁽ʲ⁾ilʲsʲkɪj] ⓘ) is a city in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion within the oblast. It is located in the historic region of Podolia, on the border with Bessarabia, Moldova, along the left bank of the Dniester River. On the opposite side of the river lies the Moldovan town of Otaci, and the two municipalities are connected to each other by a bridge. Population: 29,925 (2022 estimate).
In addition to the Ukrainian Могилів-Подільський (Mohyliv-Podilskyi), in other languages the name of the city is Polish: Mohylów Podolski, Romanian: Moghilău/Movilău and Yiddish: מאָהילעװ, romanized: Mohilev.
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1595–1672
Ottoman Empire 1672–1699
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1699–1793
Russian Empire 1793–1917
Ukraine Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian State 1917-1920
Soviet Ukraine 1920–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1941
Kingdom of Romania 1941–1944
Soviet Union 1944–1991
Ukraine 1991–present
The first mention of the town dates from 1595. The owner of the town, Moldavian hospodar Ieremia Movilă (from which the name Mohyliv, Moghilău/Movilău in Romanian) bestowed it as a dowry gift to his daughter, who married into the Potocki family of Polish nobility. At that time, the groom named the town Movilău in honor of his father-in-law. In the first quarter of the 17th century, Mohyliv became one of the largest towns in Podolia. It was part of the Podolian Voivodeship of the Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown. It was a multi-ethnic border town whose population included Poles, Greeks, Armenians, Serbs, Vlachs and Bosniaks. In the 18th century the main churches of the town were built: the Polish-Armenian Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Greek St. Nicholas Church. Polish rule was interrupted by Ottoman rule as part of Podolia Eyalet. During Ottoman rule, it was nahiya centre of Kamaniçe sanjak as Mıhaylov.
The town was annexed by Russia after the 1793 Second Partition of Poland. After the restoration of Polish independence, Mohyliv was briefly captured by the Poles under the command of General Franciszek Krajowski in 1919, but it ultimately fell to the Soviet Union. In 1937, during the Polish Operation of the NKVD, the Soviets destroyed the Polish Church of the Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.[citation needed]
Mohyliv-Podilskyi was occupied by Romanian and German troops in July 1941 and incorporated into the Romanian-ruled Transnistria Governorate. Soon thereafter, thousands of Jews in the town were murdered by the occupiers. Mohyliv-Podilskyi soon became a transit camp for Jews expelled from Bessarabia and Bukovina to Transnistria. From September 15, 1941, to February 15, 1942, 55,913 deportees came through the town. Thousands of people were jammed into the transit camp and maltreated by the Romanian guards. Many Jews were not allowed to stay in Mohyliv-Podilskyi; thousands were forced to travel by foot to nearby villages and towns. Some Jews were sent to the Pechora concentration camp until November 8, 1942 (see below for more details). The 15,000 who were initially permitted to stay in the town organized themselves into groups. Some 2,000—3,000 Jewish workers were given residence permits, as were their family members, while the rest lived in constant fear of being deported into the Transnistrian interior for forced labor.
In the winter of 1941-1942, 3,410 Jews who lived in Mogilev-Podilskyi died of typhus (almost half of those infected), out of an authorized Jewish population of 12,276, according to Siegfried Jagendorf, the leader of the Jewish community of Mohyliv-Podilskyi during most of the 1941-1944 period. On January 31, 1943, there were 15,000 Jews in Mogilev-Podilskyi, including 12,000 deportees and 3,000 local, Ukrainian Jews, according to Fred Sharaga of the Aid Committee of the Central Jewish Office of Romania, who visited the Mogilev-Podilsky ghetto. The number of local Ukrainian Jews in Mohyliv-Podilskyi had been 3,733 in the fall of 1941. The same number, 3,733 local Jews, is listed in a Romanian gendarmerie report from December 1941. According to the Yad Vashem database, 407 Jews who had lived in Mohyliv-Podilskyi before the war whose names are available died in the city because of the Holocaust; many had been killed by the German troops before the arrival of the Romanian administration. The local Jews were, according to a Jewish doctor deported to Mohyliv-Podilskyi who treated many cases of typhus, the local Jews had a much lower mortality rate because typhus was endemic in (most of) Transnistria.
About 3,000 Jews who resided in Mohyliv-Podilskyi were sent in May–June 1942 to the nearby concentration camp in Skazinets, and about half of them died in there. All of the 560 Jews who died in the Skazinets concentration camp in the summer and early fall of 1942 after being deported there in late May and early June 1942 whose names appear in the Yad Vashem database had been sent there from Mohyliv-Podilskyi.