Hubbry Logo
Obama BoulevardObama BoulevardMain
Open search
Obama Boulevard
Community hub
Obama Boulevard
logo
7 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Obama Boulevard
Obama Boulevard
Obama Boulevard
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

President Barack Obama Boulevard (commonly known as Obama Boulevard, formerly Rodeo Road) is a major thoroughfare in South Los Angeles. It stretches 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from Baldwin Hills (past Baldwin Village and Crenshaw Manor) to Leimert Park.[1]

Key Information

History

[edit]

Previously called Rodeo Road,[2] it was renamed President Barack Obama Boulevard by the Los Angeles City Council on May 4, 2019. The Los Angeles Times characterized the renaming as important for local residents because it honored the first African American President and was a symbol of resistance to the first Donald Trump presidency.[2][3] The city already has streets named after U.S. presidents, such as George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Woodrow Wilson, as well as a street named for Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.—the former "Santa Barbara Avenue", thus renamed, and commonly known since the early 1980s as "King Boulevard". Then-Senator Obama held a campaign rally at Rancho Cienega Park when running for his first term as president.[4]

Commercial

[edit]
Baldwin Hills Shopping Center at Obama and La Brea boulevards

The former Rodeo Road's intersection with La Brea Avenue has been a commercial nexus[need quotation to verify] since the mid-20th century, with the Baldwin Hills Shopping Center[5] (not to be confused with the larger Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza indoor mall) opening in 1954 with anchors Safeway, Clark's Drug Store (later became Sav-On Drugs in 1995) and J. J. Newberry;[6] today the anchor tenants are Ralphs supermarket and CVS Pharmacy. The La Cienega–Rodeo Shopping Center had the Fedco warehouse club as an anchor,[7] and is now anchored by Target. From the intersection of Obama and Crenshaw Boulevards, a commercial strip stretches down Crenshaw Boulevard to the Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza.

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Obama Boulevard

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Obama Boulevard is a 3.5-mile in , , running north-south through the Baldwin Hills, Crenshaw, and Leimert Park neighborhoods, officially renamed from Rodeo Road on May 4, 2019, to honor former U.S. President for his tenure as the nation's first African-American president. The renaming, approved by the in 2018 and signed by Mayor , commemorates Obama's 2007 presidential campaign rally at Rancho Cienega Park along the route, which drew significant local support in a predominantly Black community. The dedication ceremony attracted thousands to a community festival featuring music, vendors, and speeches emphasizing Obama's legacy of hope and progress amid local challenges like economic disparity. Distinct from Beverly Hills' , this thoroughfare serves as a key local connector, with the name change aimed at fostering civic pride without reported substantive opposition or implementation disputes.

Geography

Route and Boundaries

Obama Boulevard serves as a north-south in , extending approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from the Baldwin Hills district through areas including Baldwin Village and Crenshaw Manor to Leimert Park. The route primarily aligns with the former path of , functioning as a connector between western and central portions of while avoiding overlap with the more famous in Beverly Hills. Key boundaries include its northern extent near the Baldwin Hills boundary, adjacent to , and southern terminus approaching , which marks the transition into Leimert Park. Major intersections along the boulevard encompass , a critical east-west corridor, as well as , supporting regional traffic flow amid residential neighborhoods and supporting infrastructure. During peak hours, the boulevard handles substantial vehicular volume, contributing to congestion that impacts visibility and safety for commuters.

Surrounding Neighborhoods and Landmarks

Obama Boulevard traverses South Los Angeles, primarily adjacent to the Baldwin Hills/Crenshaw and Leimert Park neighborhoods, which form part of the city's historically African American districts. The street extends approximately 3.5 miles from the Baldwin Hills area, passing through Baldwin Village and Crenshaw Manor, before reaching Leimert Park to the east. The Baldwin Hills/Crenshaw neighborhood, directly bordering the boulevard's western stretches, encompasses a of 32,248 residents as of recent estimates, with a median age of 43 and average individual income of $44,749. This area features a mix of single-family homes, apartments, and commercial strips, reflecting middle-class suburban characteristics within an urban context. Leimert Park, at the eastern terminus, is recognized for its concentration of cultural institutions, including art galleries and performance venues, situated amid residential blocks. Notable landmarks in proximity include the , located to the southwest near La Cienega Boulevard, which spans 426 acres and offers hiking trails, a fishing lake, and the Baldwin Hills Scenic Overlook with elevated views of the . The Village Green condominium complex, a built in 1942 as one of the earliest planned senior housing communities in the U.S., intersects directly with Obama Boulevard at Cloverdale Avenue. Additionally, the boulevard aligns near the , a major shopping center serving the surrounding communities.

History

Origins as Rodeo Road

Rodeo Road was established as an east-west arterial in during the city's grid expansion in the 1920s and 1930s, providing access to the Baldwin Hills oil fields and emerging residential tracts amid the shift from industrial extraction to . The thoroughfare aligned with ' orthogonal street system, which extended southward to accommodate and of unincorporated areas into the city limits. Following , Rodeo Road facilitated rapid urban development in the Baldwin Hills and Crenshaw districts, linking new single-family homes, garden apartments, and commercial nodes for the influx of middle-class residents. By the late 1940s, intersections like hosted early supermarkets, while the nearby Broadway-Crenshaw Center—opened in November 1947 as California's first post-war open-air retail complex—underscored the road's integration into regional shopping patterns. The and saw demographic shifts, with African American families increasingly settling in the area, transforming Rodeo Road into a conduit for black middle-class commerce and community life. Notable infrastructure vulnerabilities emerged in 1963 when the Baldwin Hills Reservoir failed on December 14, unleashing 5.9 billion gallons of water that flooded lowlands between Rodeo Road and La Cienega Boulevard, demolishing over 200 homes, damaging 400 structures, and prompting seismic and engineering investigations into the underlying Inglewood Fault. In the , the road endured economic strain from the 1992 riots, where the La Brea Avenue intersection saw widespread and of businesses, exacerbating decline in local retail viability. Pre-2010s transit upgrades included utility and roadway preparations tied to regional projects, though major excavations occurred later at the crossing for extensions.

Renaming Process

The renaming of Rodeo Road to Obama Boulevard was initiated in June 2017 through a motion introduced by President , representing the 10th District, which encompasses parts of the affected area. The proposal sought to honor former President by redesignating the approximately 3.5-mile stretch from Jefferson Boulevard to the city limits near the Baldwin Hills neighborhood. Following introduction, the motion progressed through the standard Los Angeles City Council legislative process, which typically involves referral to relevant committees for review and opportunities for public input, though specific hearings on this item were not widely documented in public records. On August 29, 2018, the full City Council approved the renaming unanimously in a 15-0 vote, formalizing the change without recorded opposition during the vote. Administrative implementation post-approval included coordination with the for signage updates and mapping revisions, as required under city ordinances for street name changes (Los Angeles Municipal Code Section 11.5.7). The process culminated in the physical rollout of new signage, with the official designation effective prior to the public unveiling on May 4, 2019. No taxpayer-funded controversies over costs were reported, though historical precedents for similar renamings in , such as Santa Barbara Avenue to , involved expenditures around $70,000 for signage replacements.

Dedication and Early Reception

The official dedication ceremony for Obama Boulevard occurred on May 4, 2019, at the street's intersection with Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard in , marking the formal renaming of the former 3.5-mile stretch of Rodeo Road. The event attracted thousands of participants, including local residents and dignitaries, and included speeches by city officials, live performances, food trucks, and the unveiling of new signage amid a street festival atmosphere. The ceremony's location underscored its historical ties to , as the adjacent on the original Road had hosted his first presidential campaign rally on February 20, 2007, drawing an estimated 7,000 attendees. This earlier gathering, held in a predominantly African American community, featured Obama's to supporters and schoolchildren, setting a precedent for the area's association with his political rise. Initial public response, as covered in contemporaneous reports, reflected strong community engagement and positivity, with outlets noting the large turnout and celebratory mood in Baldwin Hills-Crenshaw. Former President Obama acknowledged the gesture in a letter read aloud during the proceedings, expressing gratitude to for the tribute and highlighting shared values of hope and progress.

Naming Rationale and Significance

Ties to Barack Obama's Presidency and 2007 Rally

The stretch of road renamed Obama Boulevard passes directly by the Rancho Cienega Recreation Center in Baldwin Hills, the site of Barack Obama's first campaign rally on February 20, 2007, shortly after his January 2007 presidential candidacy announcement. This event represented an initial outreach in a area with a significant African-American population, where Obama addressed supporters on themes of change and opportunity. The boulevard's naming further connects to Obama's tenure as the 44th , serving from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017, as the nation's first African-American president. During this period, Obama made targeted visits to , including a July 24, 2014, address at Los Angeles Trade-Technical College, where he emphasized job training and in underserved communities. Federal economic measures enacted under Obama's administration, such as the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act signed on February 17, 2009, coincided with recovery indicators in the region; County's unemployment rate, which peaked at 12.6% in February 2010 amid the post-2008 recession fallout, fell to 5.2% by January 2017. These data points reflect broader national trends of job growth and reduced joblessness during his presidency, with over 15 million jobs added economy-wide from the 2010 low point.

Community Motivations and Symbolic Value

Proponents of the renaming, including local residents and City Council members, argued that honoring Barack Obama would enhance community pride and visibility in the predominantly Black Baldwin Hills-Crenshaw district, an area historically underserved by economic opportunities. Community leaders emphasized the boulevard's potential to symbolize aspiration and draw positive attention, potentially fostering investment in local businesses and youth programs along the 3.5-mile stretch intersecting key sites like the Rancho Cienega Sports Complex, where Obama held a 2007 campaign rally. Advocates, such as City Council President Herb Wesson, highlighted grassroots involvement in the 2017-2019 push, framing the change as a way to inspire young residents by associating the street with Obama's achievement as the first African American president. The symbolic value centered on Obama's "hope and change" messaging, positioned as a counter to systemic challenges in , with supporters viewing the renaming as an act of resistance and affirmation of excellence in a neighborhood marked by past . This narrative aimed to motivate youth amid high local and educational gaps, though empirical data post-renaming showed limited tangible shifts, such as persistent rates around 24% in South Central Los Angeles Public Use Microdata Areas per 2020 Census-derived estimates—nearly double the statewide average of 12%. Despite the emphasis on inspiration, outcomes reflected broader structural issues, with no documented surge in private directly attributable to the name change by 2020. Alternative perspectives among some residents questioned the prioritization of symbolic gestures over practical needs, arguing that resources spent on signage and ceremonies—estimated in the tens of thousands for implementation—could have addressed crumbling like potholed roads or inadequate public transit in the area. Critics, including voices in local discussions, expressed skepticism that a provided "fabricated " without tackling root causes like job , echoing concerns that such honors might divert focus from measurable improvements in underserved communities. These views, though minority amid the unanimous City Council approval in , underscored debates on whether celebratory renamings yield causal benefits or merely performative value in high-poverty zones.

Economic and Development Aspects

Commercial Activity Along the Boulevard

Commercial activity along Obama Boulevard features strip malls and small businesses characteristic of , including fast-food restaurants, grocery stores, beauty supplies, and service providers. Key tenants at 5800 Obama Boulevard encompass , an auto title loans retailer, and Classy Nails & Beauty Supply. Nearby establishments include supermarket at 5080 Obama Boulevard, at 5130 Obama Boulevard, Numero Uno Pizza at 5770 Obama Boulevard, and Eden Beauty Supply at 5792 Obama Boulevard. A strip center at the intersection with La Cienega Boulevard supports additional retail amid high daily traffic of approximately 94,205 vehicles. The intersection with anchors the Baldwin Hills Shopping Center, a longstanding commercial node with anchors like Food & Pharmacy and specialty stores such as , , and Bombay Brow Bar. Prior to the 2019 renaming from Rodeo Road, the corridor hosted comparable businesses, with post-renaming listings reflecting continuity rather than expansion; media coverage of the change elevated visibility, yet no data indicates measurable increases in business viability or new openings directly linked to the name. Persistent challenges include elevated vacancy risks in commercial properties, influenced by regional factors such as fragile post-pandemic small business recovery, declining new business formations citywide, and broader economic pressures like high operational costs, rather than the street designation. County retail vacancy stood at 5.9% as of late 2024, with submarkets in underserved areas like South LA facing compounded strains from limited investment and demographic shifts.

Infrastructure and Urban Planning Impacts

The renaming of Rodeo Road to Obama Boulevard in May 2019 necessitated the replacement of street signage along the approximately 3.5-mile stretch, with new signs installed by the (LADOT) to reflect the updated name. These updates were funded through existing city budgets allocated for signage maintenance and replacement, without dedicated supplemental appropriations tied specifically to the renaming. Estimated costs for similar highway signage installations by Caltrans, which oversees intersecting state routes, ranged from $5,000 per sign for fabrication and mounting, contributing to overall municipal expenditures amid broader fiscal pressures including routine road repairs like filling. No dedicated traffic studies or engineering assessments were commissioned directly as a result of the , with available records indicating LADOT's involvement limited primarily to administrative support for the transition. Infrastructure projects along the boulevard, such as general street resurfacing and pedestrian enhancements, have proceeded under ' citywide capital improvement programs, including the Five-Year Capital and Technology Improvement Plan, but without evidence of accelerated timelines or funding boosts causally linked to the renaming. By 2025, annual city infrastructure spending exceeding $1 billion has focused on systemic needs across departments, yet data from post-2019 budget allocations show no disproportionate in the Obama Boulevard corridor relative to pre-renaming baselines or comparable arterials, suggesting the exerted negligible influence on priorities. Integration with regional transit initiatives, like potential expansions near intersecting corridors, reflects ongoing Metro and city efforts rather than boulevard-specific catalysts.

Controversies and Criticisms

Practical Challenges of Renaming

The renaming process for Rodeo Road to Obama Boulevard required updating approximately 20-30 street signs along the 3.5-mile stretch, with city officials estimating the direct cost at about $10,000 for fabrication and installation. These expenditures utilized municipal resources that critics contended could have been redirected toward pressing needs, such as repairs and in the Baldwin Hills-Crenshaw district, where deferred roadwork has persisted despite community demands. Beyond signage, the change necessitated revisions to official maps, postal databases, and private navigation systems like , which lagged in reflecting the update through 2020, resulting in delivery errors and resident disorientation during the transition period. Businesses along the route reported administrative burdens, including reprinting stationery, updating marketing materials, and notifying vendors, amplifying short-term operational disruptions without corresponding fiscal reimbursements from the city. Historical precedents in illustrate the logistical hurdles of such renamings, as seen in the 2003 City Council deadlock over renaming for former Mayor Tom Bradley, where opposition centered on erasing established landmarks and the high potential for public confusion outweighing symbolic benefits. That effort stalled amid resident pushback, underscoring how name changes often yield limited tangible improvements in area vitality while incurring ongoing verification costs for emergency services and utilities adapting to dual address histories.

Broader Debates on Honoring Political Figures

Critics of naming streets after living political figures contend that such honors carry inherent risks, as individuals' legacies may evolve unfavorably over time, leading to potential embarrassment or calls for reversal. For instance, municipalities like St. John's, Newfoundland, have revised policies in 2025 to prohibit naming streets after people altogether, citing dangers of and problematic legacies associated with contemporary figures. Similarly, commentators have warned that commemorating active or recent politicians politicizes public infrastructure, transforming neutral civic spaces into partisan symbols that alienate portions of the community. In the context of honors for , conservative analysts have argued that certain policy outcomes undermine the case for enduring urban tributes. The , authorized under Obama's administration, is frequently cited for exacerbating the country's fragmentation into a , with ongoing civil strife and institutional collapse attributed to insufficient post-intervention planning. The Affordable Care Act's rollout faced significant implementation hurdles, including the October 2013 Healthcare.gov launch failures that affected millions of enrollments, alongside sustained premium increases and exchange instabilities documented in subsequent years. These critiques, drawn from outlets skeptical of expansive government interventions, posit that permanent namings overlook such empirical shortcomings in favor of symbolic affirmation. Proponents of such renamings often emphasize intangible benefits like enhanced community morale and historical recognition, yet empirical assessments reveal scant evidence of causal economic uplift from street name changes alone. Studies on commemorative namings, such as those for Martin Luther King Jr., indicate no consistent pattern of economic marginalization or boon for adjacent properties, suggesting effects are more perceptual than substantive. Right-leaning observers further caution that these gestures impose fiscal costs—such as signage updates and address revisions—without verifiable developmental returns, potentially diverting resources from infrastructure needs. Comparative examples highlight selective application of commemorative standards. The 2021 renaming of a corridor to Boulevard encountered resident opposition linking the honor to historically redlined districts, where past discriminatory practices persisted, prompting accusations of overlooking local inequities in favor of national symbolism. This underscores broader tensions in prioritizing modern political figures amid unresolved historical grievances, fostering debates on consistency in urban memorialization.

Recent Developments and Legacy

Post-2019 Changes and Maintenance

Following the 2019 dedication, Obama Boulevard was promptly integrated into major digital mapping and navigation systems, including , enabling accurate address recognition and routing for users by mid-2020. This standardization addressed initial post-renaming discrepancies in geocoding, with official addresses updated in municipal databases and third-party apps to reflect the new designation across the 3.5-mile corridor. Development activity along and adjacent to the boulevard has included mixed-use projects tied to broader revitalization, such as the Crenshaw Crossing initiative at the former site, bounded in part by Obama Boulevard. This project, encompassing over 1,000 units, retail spaces, and facilities, advanced through entitlements in the early and reached groundbreaking readiness by 2024, supported by public-private partnerships and county funding. Similarly, proposals for residential developments directly on the boulevard, like a 126-unit apartment complex with retail at 5760 W. Obama Boulevard, emerged in 2022 as part of ongoing zoning approvals. These efforts align with regional transit-oriented growth near the Expo Line but show no documented causal link to the renaming itself in planning records. Routine maintenance on Obama Boulevard has proceeded under ' citywide infrastructure programs, without dedicated capital projects earmarked for the street. In October 2024, Mayor issued an executive directive prioritizing street repairs and backlog reduction across arterial roads, including those in , amid ongoing pothole mitigation and resurfacing efforts funded through the general budget. Official city reports, including the Five-Year Capital Improvement Program, reference no transformative investments—such as major widening, lighting upgrades, or economic incentives—attributable to the Obama designation, with area enhancements instead driven by pre-existing frameworks like the Crenshaw Specific Plan. As of 2025, the boulevard's physical condition reflects standard municipal upkeep, with no evidence of accelerated or outcomes uniquely stemming from the name change.

Cultural and Symbolic Endurance

The Obama Boulevard continues to serve as a venue for recurring community events in the Baldwin Hills and Crenshaw areas, integrating into local traditions without explicit emphasis on its presidential namesake. For instance, the Taste of Soul Family Festival, held annually along the boulevard, marked its 20th year on October 21, 2025, drawing crowds from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. with live music, over 300 vendors, and health-focused activities. Likewise, the Los Angeles Carnival and Festival event assembles at the of Obama and Crenshaw Boulevards for drumming, dancing, and parades, as seen in the June 2025 Caribbean Carnival kickoff featuring a 100-drum and masqueraders. These gatherings highlight the street's practical role in fostering cultural continuity in a historically neighborhood, though documentation rarely ties them directly to Obama-era symbolism. Post-2020 media coverage of the boulevard's Obama association has notably decreased, shifting from celebratory unveilings to sporadic mentions in reports, such as environmental impact assessments for nearby developments. This trend aligns with broader patterns in , where Obama-specific references appear confined to archival or infrastructural contexts rather than ongoing cultural discourse. Empirical indicators, including publicly available volume from the , show no measurable uptick in vehicular or pedestrian activity correlating with the 2019 renaming, as pre- and post-change metrics for the corridor remain consistent with regional patterns uninfluenced by the symbolic shift. Such absence of quantifiable impact raises questions about the renaming's efficacy in elevating local identity or drawing sustained attention. Resident viewpoints on the boulevard's symbolic value reflect initial optimism tempered by pragmatic assessments. Proponents, including leaders at the 2019 dedication, described it as a of "hope and resistance" amid historical challenges in the area. However, some local commentary critiques street renamings as gestures prioritizing identity markers over substantive policy outcomes like improvements, potentially yielding performative rather than unifying effects—a perspective echoed in wider discussions of namings in diverse urban settings. This balance suggests the boulevard endures as a functional artery, with its Obama linkage persisting more in nominal than transformative .

References

  1. https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-obama-boulevard-dedication-ceremony-20190504-story.html
  2. https://time.com/5583516/los-angeles-obama-boulevard/
  3. https://la.curbed.com/2018/8/31/17807210/obama-street-name-boulevard-highway-signs
  4. https://people.com/politics/los-angeles-renaming-street-barack-obama/
  5. https://abc7.com/post/los-angeles-renames-stretch-of-road-obama-boulevard/5285778/
  6. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2019/05/06/barack-obama-boulevard-unveiled-los-angeles/1118207001/
  7. https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-rodeo-road-obama-blvd-20170623-story.html
  8. https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/la-rename-roadway-for-president-obama/
  9. https://www.businessinsider.com/obama-boulevard-rodeo-road-los-angeles-2018-8
  10. https://planning.lacity.gov/eir/BaldwinHillsCrenshawPlaza/FEIR/FEIR/4_MMP.pdf
  11. https://www.voanews.com/a/stretch-of-los-angeles-road-renamed-obama-boulevard/4904354.html
  12. https://www.waze.com/live-map/directions/us/ca/los-angeles/obama-boulevard-and-crenshaw-boulevard
  13. https://cityclerk.lacity.org/onlinedocs/2025/25-0156_misc_2-12-25.pdf
  14. https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/2018/08/29/los-angeles-street-named-barack-obama/1140599002/
  15. https://www.niche.com/places-to-live/n/baldwin-hills-crenshaw-los-angeles-ca/
  16. https://aspirelosangeles.com/neighborhoods/baldwin-hills
  17. https://parks.lacounty.gov/kenneth-hahn-state-recreation-area/
  18. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=175168
  19. https://www.pbssocal.org/history-society/crenshaw-boulevard-cruising-through-the-decades
  20. https://planning.lacity.gov/odocument/903e27ff-c991-4b73-a9ac-d0b3a8aa558d/S_LA_report_HPLAEdit.pdf
  21. https://www.bhehoa.org/history
  22. https://baldwinhillscrenshawplaza.com/history
  23. https://labusinessjournal.com/news/rodeo-and-la-brea-from-fires-to-retail-destination/
  24. https://lastandardnewspaper.com/index.php/news/505-metro-s-massive-construction-project-under-crenshaw-blvd.html
  25. https://cbsaustin.com/news/nation-world/los-angeles-approves-renaming-rodeo-road-to-obama-boulevard
  26. https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2018/08/29/los-angeles-approves-renaming-rodeo-road-obama-boulevard/1139049002/
  27. https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/obama-boulevard-la-los-angeles-rodeo/
  28. https://lastandardnewspaper.com/index.php/news/611-renaming-rodeo-rd-after-former-president-obama-met-with-praise-and-criticism.html
  29. https://ktla.com/news/local-news/obama-boulevard-is-a-symbol-of-hope-and-resistance-for-some-baldwin-hills-crenshaw-residents/
  30. https://deadline.com/2019/05/thousands-line-the-streets-of-los-angeles-as-obama-boulevard-is-unveiled-1202607490/
  31. https://www.discoverlosangeles.com/visit/discover-barack-obamas-los-angeles
  32. https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Los-Angeles-eagerly-embraces-Obama-Presidential-2647186.php
  33. https://lasentinel.net/south-l-a-celebrates-barack-obama-boulevard.html
  34. https://lasentinel.net/president-obama-sends-letter-of-appreciation-to-los-angeles-for-the-naming-of-obama-blvd.html
  35. https://www.atvn.org/news/2007/02/obama-la.html
  36. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/07/24/president-obama-la-you-are-why-i-ran-president-first-place
  37. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/economy/jobs/recovery-act
  38. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/obamas-legacy-economy-anything-mess/
  39. https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-obama-boulevard-rodeo-road-20190503-story.html
  40. http://censusreporter.org/profiles/79500US0603751-los-angeles-county-south-central-la-city-south-centralwatts-puma-ca/
  41. https://datausa.io/profile/geo/los-angeles-county-south-la-city-southsan-pedro-puma-ca
  42. https://www.thefader.com/2017/10/03/obama-boulevard-baldwin-village-los-angeles-black-relatability
  43. https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/30/us/obama-new-road-in-los-angeles-california-trnd
  44. https://www.loopnet.com/Listing/5800-Obama-Blvd-Los-Angeles-CA/35415759/
  45. https://www.ralphs.com/stores/grocery/ca/los-angeles/rodeo-labrea/703/00283
  46. https://locations.kfc.com/ca/los-angeles/5130-obama-blvd
  47. https://www.numerounola.com/
  48. https://www.yelp.com/biz/eden-beauty-supply-los-angeles
  49. https://www.commercialcafe.com/commercial-property/us/ca/los-angeles/obama-blvd-la-cienega-blvd/
  50. https://baldwinhillscrenshawplaza.com/directory
  51. https://www.baldwinhillscrenshawplaza.com/pdfs/directoryMap.pdf
  52. https://property.jll.com/listings/baldwin-hills-shopping-center-5060-rodeo-rd-los-angeles-central
  53. https://latino.ucla.edu/research/postpandemic-small-business-recovery-amid-headwinds/
  54. https://xtown.la/2025/06/10/decline-new-businesses-los-angeles/
  55. https://www2.naicapital.com/socal-cre-year-end-2024-market-outlook-2025/
  56. https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-obama-boulevard-signs-20190429-story.html
  57. https://ladot.lacity.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ladot_annual_report_fy18-19.pdf
  58. https://datamade-metro-pdf-merger.s3.amazonaws.com/planning-and-programming-committee-aa0d2e69a08b.pdf
  59. https://apnews.com/article/66af79cf66a94c33957420a3989956e4
  60. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jun-26-me-crenshaw26-story.html
  61. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jun-22-me-crenshaw22-story.html
  62. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/st-johns-street-naming-policy-1.7567000
  63. https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/johnson/article/naming-things-after-politicians-is-risky-business-4809982.php
  64. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/libya/2019-02-18/obamas-libya-debacle
  65. https://www.heritage.org/health-care-reform/report/year-six-the-affordable-care-act-obamacares-mounting-problems
  66. https://myweb.ecu.edu/popkee/MitchelsonAldermanPopke2007.pdf
  67. https://fee.org/articles/the-history-politics-and-economics-of-street-names/
  68. https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/barack-obama-boulevard-will-be-on-san-jose-maps-but-not-until-summer/2440887/
  69. https://sanjosespotlight.com/obama-street-renaming-finally-up-for-san-jose-city-council-vote/
  70. https://la.urbanize.city/post/126-apartments-retail-planned-5760-w-obama-boulevard
  71. https://la.urbanize.city/post/crenshaw-crossing-track-break-ground-2024
  72. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-10-16/bass-overhauls-how-l-a-handles-street-repairs-but-theres-still-a-miles-long-backlog
  73. https://citypridemagazine.com/taste-of-soul-celebrates-20-years-as-biggest-street-festival-in-california/
  74. https://wavepublication.com/caribbean-carnival-brings-lights-music-and-culture-to-crenshaw-boulevard/
  75. https://planning.lacity.gov/odocument/4fc42f1c-8cda-4c78-ab8c-25e2686a7704/CrenshawCrossing_SCEA.pdf
  76. https://planning.lacounty.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/WSAP_Final_PEIR.pdf
  77. https://dokumen.pub/names-naming-and-the-law-onomastics-identity-power-and-policy-1nbsped-9781032556413-9781032556420-9781003431510.html
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.