Hubbry Logo
PiešťanyPiešťanyMain
Open search
Piešťany
Community hub
Piešťany
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Piešťany
Piešťany
Piešťany
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Piešťany (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈpɪeʂcani] ⓘ; German: Pistyan, Hungarian: Pöstyén, Polish: Pieszczany [pjɛˈʂtʂanɨ], Czech: Píšťany [ˈpiːʃcanɪ]) is a town in Slovakia. It is located in the western part of the country within the Trnava Region and is the seat of its own district. It is the biggest and best known spa town in Slovakia and has around 28,000 inhabitants.

Key Information

Etymology

[edit]

The name Piešťany comes from Slovak Piesok (sand), referring to local sandbanks. The etymology is straightforward – Piešťanci – people who live on the sandy site and Piešťany – their settlement.[4]

History

[edit]
Venus of Moravany

The first human settlement in the area is dated to the prehistoric times, about 80,000 years ago. People were attracted to the site by the abundance of game in the vicinity of the thermal springs that did not freeze in winter.

A small female statue representing female fertility called Venus of Moravany was found in the nearby village Moravany nad Váhom. It is made of mammoth ivory and is dated to 22,800 BC. It currently resides in the Bratislava Castle museum. In another nearby village, Krakovany-Stráže, a treasure consisting of luxury items made of glass, bronze, silver, and gold was discovered in three graves from 200 to 300 AD. The surroundings of Piešťany also include the Great Moravian castle of Ducové.

Piešťany was first mentioned in written records in 1113 (under the name Pescan). At that time, it consisted of several smaller settlements. The medicinal springs were already popular in the Middle Ages. They were visited by the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus. The first book mentioning the Piešťany springs was De admirandis Hungariae aquis hypomnemation (About the Miraculous Waters of the Hungarian Monarchy) by Georgius Wernher, published in 1549 in Basel. In the 16th century, the Piešťany spa was also mentioned by two prominent physicians, Johann Crato de Crafheim (who served several Holy Roman Emperors) and Andrea Baccius Elpidianus (a personal surgeon of the Pope). The first monography (Schediasma de Thermis Postheinsibus by Ján Justus Torkoš [sk] was published in 1745. But in the 16th and 17th centuries, Piešťany also suffered from Turkish raids and anti-Habsburg uprisings.

Throughout the centuries, Piešťany was owned by several noble families; the last of them, the Erdődys, owned the area from 1720 to 1848, and the spa until 1940. The Erdődy family built the first spa buildings in 1778. They were damaged by a destructive flood in 1813. In 1820, the spa buildings were expanded and remodeled in neo-classical style and named Napoleon spa. The Erdődy family also established the Spa park in this period. In the years 1889 to 1940, the Winter family rented the spa from the Erdődys and brought it to international fame. Ľudovít Winter [de] improved spa treatment as well as accommodation and entertainment for visitors. They built several spa buildings and hotels.[5]

The spa attracted many aristocratic visitors, including Ludwig van Beethoven.[5] In 1917, three monarchs (Wilhelm II of Germany, Karl I of Austria-Hungary, and Ferdinand I of Bulgaria) orchestrated their war strategy during the negotiations in the Thermia Palace hotel.

In 1945, Piešťany received the official status of a town. In 1959, the Sĺňava water reservoir was built south of the town. In the late 1960s and 1970s, more spa buildings were built. In 1973, the village of Banka, located on the left bank of the Váh river, was amalgamated with Piešťany, but it regained independence after a referendum in 1995. In 1996, the town became the seat of a district.

The 1938 World Fencing Championships were held in Piešťany.

On January 4, 1987, at the final match in the World Junior Championships of ice hockey between Canada and the Soviet Union, there was a bench-clearing brawl, now famously known as the Punch-up in Piešťany. Both teams were disqualified from the competition as a result.

On July 5, 2001, three members of the Real Irish Republican Army were arrested in Piešťany. They were lured into a trap by agents of the British Security Service MI5 who were posing as arms dealers from Iraq.[6]

The Váh river in Piešťany

Geography

[edit]

Piešťany is situated in the western part of Slovakia, in the valley of the Váh river, at an elevation of 162 metres (531.50 feet). The Považský Inovec mountains form the eastern boundary of this part of the Váh valley. The highest hill of these mountains, Inovec 1,042 m (3,418.64 ft), is about 25 km (16 mi) north of the town. The hills immediately east of the town (10 km (6 mi) away) reach a height of about 700 m (2,296.59 ft). On the western side, the valley boundary is formed by the Little Carpathians, which are somewhat lower and further away from the town. The valley is open to the south, and thus has a warm and sunny temperate climate.

Most of the town is located on the right bank of the river. South of the town is the Sĺňava water reservoir created by a dam on the Váh river. The artificial canal Biskupický kanál and the main river branch join in the town. Another short branch of the river (Obtokové rameno) creates the Spa Island.

The hills of Považský Inovec are mostly covered with deciduous forests. These consist of oak and hornbeam in the lower elevations, and beech in the higher elevations. The Váh valley is used for agriculture. The main products are cereals, sugar beet, animal feed, and pork.

Piešťany is located 75 kilometres (47 miles) north-east of Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, and 30 km (19 mi) north-east of the local regional seat Trnava. Upstream from Piešťany on the Váh river are the towns Nové Mesto nad Váhom (19 km (12 mi) north of Piešťany) and Trenčín (40 km (25 mi) north-east); 17 km (11 mi) downstream is Hlohovec.

Piešťany is located on the route of the D1 motorway from Bratislava to Žilina with connections to Vienna and Brno. The main railway route from Bratislava to Žilina and Košice also goes through the town. The town has an airport, mostly used for international charter flights for spa clients (10,000 passengers in 2007). The municipality operates a local public transport system with 11 bus routes (as of 2008).

Climate

[edit]
Climate data for Piešťany (1991−2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.4
(61.5) 		18.9
(66.0) 		21.1
(70.0) 		30.2
(86.4) 		32.4
(90.3) 		36.0
(96.8) 		38.2
(100.8) 		38.4
(101.1) 		33.8
(92.8) 		28.0
(82.4) 		21.4
(70.5) 		15.4
(59.7) 		38.4
(101.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5) 		5.3
(41.5) 		10.6
(51.1) 		17.1
(62.8) 		21.5
(70.7) 		25.2
(77.4) 		27.4
(81.3) 		27.2
(81.0) 		21.3
(70.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		9.0
(48.2) 		3.3
(37.9) 		15.5
(59.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6) 		1.0
(33.8) 		5.1
(41.2) 		10.8
(51.4) 		15.4
(59.7) 		19.1
(66.4) 		20.8
(69.4) 		20.4
(68.7) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.2
(50.4) 		5.5
(41.9) 		0.5
(32.9) 		10.3
(50.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.1
(24.6) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		0.2
(32.4) 		4.4
(39.9) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		13.9
(57.0) 		14.4
(57.9) 		10.3
(50.5) 		5.7
(42.3) 		2.1
(35.8) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		5.2
(41.4)
Record low °C (°F) −20.7
(−5.3) 		−18.5
(−1.3) 		−16.2
(2.8) 		−8.3
(17.1) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		2.3
(36.1) 		4.8
(40.6) 		4.4
(39.9) 		0.3
(32.5) 		−7.6
(18.3) 		−13.3
(8.1) 		−22.7
(−8.9) 		−22.7
(−8.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 31.6
(1.24) 		29.8
(1.17) 		32.6
(1.28) 		37.6
(1.48) 		58.4
(2.30) 		70.7
(2.78) 		70.2
(2.76) 		58.1
(2.29) 		59.6
(2.35) 		48.3
(1.90) 		41.0
(1.61) 		38.3
(1.51) 		576.1
(22.68)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.2 6.2 6.2 6.1 8.9 8.0 7.9 7.1 7.0 7.7 7.0 7.5 86.9
Average snowy days 9.3 7.7 4.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 3.5 7.5 33.4
Average relative humidity (%) 83.3 78.0 71.0 64.7 66.7 67.8 66.1 67.8 73.6 78.9 82.2 84.8 73.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 60.4 90.0 142.2 205.4 246.8 258.5 273.0 260.5 180.9 125.5 62.0 49.0 1,954.2
Source: NOAA[7]

Main sights

[edit]

Because of frequent floods in the past, most buildings are dated to the 19th and 20th centuries. The most notable exception is the ruins of a medieval monastery from the 13th century. The Napoleon Spa is a complex of Neoclassicist spa buildings built between 1822 and 1862. The town's Catholic church dates from the same era. The Kolonádový most bridge, constructed by Emil Belluš in 1930–33, is a preeminent functionalist construction with many precious art objects. The local airport is home to the Military History Museum Piešťany.

Spa

[edit]
The Napoleonic Spa

The Piešťany spa has a capacity of two thousand beds (as of 2005) and treats over forty thousand patients a year. More than 60% of the clients are foreigners (mostly from Germany, the Czech Republic, Israel, Austria, and Arab Countries). The spa specializes in the treatment of chronic rheumatic and arthritic diseases and post-accident lesions of joints and bones.[5]

The spa is located on the Spa Island between two branches of the Váh river, at the site of several hot springs with temperatures of 67–69 °C (153–156 °F). The water originates in a tectonic break at 2,000 metres (6,600 feet) depth. The sulfate–carbonate water from the springs is used in pools and tubs. Sulfurous mud extracted from the bed of a side channel of the river is also used for treatment in the form of thermal mud pools with a temperature 39 °C (102 °F) and for partial and full body packs. Spring water and mud therapy are complemented by electrotherapy, exercise, massage, medication, and diet.

The spa is operated by the company Slovenské liečebné kúpele. The company was purchased in 2002 by Danubius Hotels Group. A small share is owned by the town. Danubius Hotels Group also owns hotels in Hungary, Mariánské Lázně spa in Czech Republic and Sovata spa in Romania.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
197023,385—    
198028,511+21.9%
199131,452+10.3%
200130,606−2.7%
201128,268−7.6%
202127,681−2.1%
Source: Censuses[8][9]

According to the 2001 census, the town had 30,306 inhabitants. 96.30% of inhabitants were Slovaks, 1.69% Czechs and 0.27% Hungarians.[10] The religious makeup was 72.65% Roman Catholics, 16.71% people with no religious affiliation and 5.96% Lutherans.[10]

Economy

[edit]
The 8-bit PMD 85 personal computer produced in 1985–1990 by the Czechoslovak Tesla company in Piešťany

One of the important employers in the city during the communist era was the Czechoslovak electronics maker Tesla Piešťany. It closed down in 1991, and in 1998 its factories were acquired by ON Semiconductor, a former subsidiary of Motorola, keeping a small customer support centre in the town. Delipro, s.r.o., a manufacturer of quartz crystals founded in 1993, is another company building on the legacy of electronics manufacturing in the region.

Other important employers in the town include the Slovak headquarters of the financial services company Home Credit Slovakia. Technický skúšobný ústav Piešťany [sk] is an independent certification, testing, and inspection body for conformity assessment of machinery and construction products, and consumer goods. Historically, Technický skúšobný ústav Piešťany is one of the oldest and the largest testing bodies in the Slovak Republic within testing activity.

Culture

[edit]
A World War I biplane of Milan Rastislav Štefánik in the military museum

The town is known in Slovakia for its rich cultural programme throughout the year. In the summer tourist season, the town hosts several cultural events. Both the opening (in June) and the closing (in September) of the summer spa season are connected with big street festivals. An annual summer classical music festival, Piešťany Music Festival, established in 1955, takes place in the House of Arts of Piešťany. This venue, with a seating capacity of 622, is currently the largest cinema hall in Slovakia and also offers other concerts and theatre shows. Country Lodenica is a festival of folk and country music established in 1999. It takes place south of the town, on the shores of the Sĺňava water reservoir. Since the 2000s, various festivals have been held at Piešťany Airport, among others, second second-largest music festival in Slovakia - GrapeFestival, rock-centered Topfest, and electronic music-focused BeeFree or Hodokvas. Furthermore, from 2006 to 2009 and since 2019, there have been air shows.[11][12] There were also regular car-, motorcycle- and truck-races.

Between 1967 and 1993, the city was the site of an annual sculpture exhibition in the Spa Park. This tradition was renewed in 2005 and 2008.

Piešťany also has several museums. The Balneological Museum of Imrich Winter [sk], the only one of its type in the region, focuses on archeology, history and ethnography of the region, as well as the history of Slovakia's spas in general. It was established in 1933 by the Winter family. Another small museum belonging to the Balneological Museum commemorates the life of the Slovak poet Ivan Krasko, who lived in Piešťany from 1945 to 1958. Finally, a new museum at the airport (active since 2004) exhibits a collection related to the Slovak military history from 1945 to 1992.

The House of Arts is the first postwar Slovak theatre building outside Bratislava, being a project of architect Ferdinand Milučký [it]. In the first half of September, the annual International Film Festival Cinematik is held in various areas of Piešťany. It is currently the second-largest film festival in Slovakia.[13]

Notable people

[edit]
See also: Category:People from Piešťany District

Twin towns — sister cities

[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovakia

Piešťany is twinned with:[14]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Piešťany

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Piešťany is a renowned in western , situated in the along the River, approximately 80 kilometers northeast of and 162 meters above sea level, nestled between the and Považský Inovec mountains. With a population of 26,287 as of 31 December 2024, it serves as the administrative center of Piešťany District and is celebrated for its geothermal thermal springs, reaching temperatures of 67–69°C, and sulfur-rich peloid mud, which have therapeutic effects on musculoskeletal disorders, , and neurological conditions. The town's history traces back to prehistoric times, with evidence of human settlements around 80,000 years ago attracted by the natural hot springs, and its first written mention dates to 1113 in the Zobor Deed as "Pescan." Spa activities began in earnest during the 16th century with the establishment of Teplice settlement near the springs, evolving significantly in the 19th century under the Winter family, who constructed iconic facilities like the Napoleon Spa and developed the therapeutic Spa Island. Today, Piešťany remains Slovakia's largest and most famous spa destination, featuring modern health resorts, cultural events such as the Piešťany Music Festival, and recreational amenities including golf courses and tennis facilities, drawing visitors for wellness tourism year-round.

Etymology and History

Etymology

The name Piešťany derives from the Slovak word piesok, meaning "," which refers to the sandy terrain and river where early settlers established the site along the River. This etymology reflects the local geography of and deposits formed by the river. The earliest documented mention of the town appears in 1113, recorded in the Zobor Scroll—a charter issued by Hungarian King Coloman I—under the Latinized form Pescan. This initial spelling directly ties to the Slovak root for , indicating the name's longstanding association with the area's sedimentary features. Throughout historical records, the name evolved into various linguistic variants influenced by regional languages and administrations, including the German Pistyan and Hungarian Pöstyén. These forms, such as Pestanye or Pessen, persisted in medieval and early modern documents, adapting to Latin, German, and Hungarian usage while retaining the core reference to the sandy locale.

Early History

The area around Piešťany in the Váh River valley shows evidence of human settlement from prehistoric times, with the earliest known artifacts from the Paleolithic Gravettian culture around 22,000–30,000 years ago, including the Venus of Moravany figurine discovered nearby, drawn by the region's thermal springs and abundant natural resources. Archaeological excavations have uncovered traces of prehistoric activity, including tools and remains from Paleolithic hunter-gatherers who utilized the fertile valley for sustenance. During the Bronze Age, settlements in the vicinity, such as at Vesele in the Piešťany district, featured fortified sites inhabited by communities of the Maďarovce culture, indicating organized agricultural and defensive practices along the river. The first written record of Piešťany appears in 1113 in the Zobor Charter issued by Hungarian King Coloman I, referring to the settlement as "Pescan," likely derived from a Slavic term denoting its sandy terrain near the Váh. At this time, it comprised several small villages under the estate of Hlohovec, later tied to the Benedictine Abbey of Zobor. In the medieval period, ownership shifted among Hungarian nobles; following the Mongol invasion of 1241, the nearby Tematín Castle was constructed for defense, with the Hunt-Poznan family among early lords. From 1299 to 1321, the area fell under the control of Matúš Čák Trenčiansky, a powerful known as the "Lord of the and Tatras," who expanded his influence across western . After his death, it passed to the Counts of Újlak, who held it into the before royal reclamation. The sulfur-rich thermal springs, recognized for their medicinal properties since the , attracted early visitors, including King in the late , marking Piešťany's nascent role as a healing site. By the , spa activity prompted the establishment of new settlements about 2 kilometers from the original village, centered around the (thermal) baths to accommodate growing therapeutic use. This era also saw expansion under Habsburg rule after the in 1526, though the region endured disruptions from Ottoman raids and anti-Habsburg revolts in the 16th and 17th centuries, leading to temporary depopulation and economic strain. Under continued Habsburg oversight in the , Erdődy developed wooden bathhouses on Spa Island, formalizing the site's infrastructure. The brought industrialization to the valley through milling and early manufacturing, complementing spa growth; in 1820, the brick Napoleon Spa replaced wooden structures, enhancing capacity. From 1889, the Winter family, Hungarian-Jewish entrepreneurs, leased the spa from the Erdődy estate, investing in modern facilities, international marketing, and luxury accommodations that elevated Piešťany's reputation across .

Modern Development

In the early , the Winter family drove a major boom in Piešťany after leasing the facilities from the Erdödy family in , constructing new spa houses, hotels, and the iconic Spa Park, which transformed the town into an internationally renowned health resort visited by celebrities and royalty. During , the area saw military engagements, including the Slovak resistance's loss of key airfields, and the town was liberated by Soviet forces on April 4, 1945, prompting its elevation to official town status later that year amid postwar reconstruction efforts. Following the war, under the socialist regime of Czechoslovakia, the spas underwent in 1948, shifting operations from private enterprise to state control and integrating them into the , which prioritized mass health tourism for workers. The town hosted the 1987 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, where a notorious bench-clearing brawl known as the "Punch-up in Piestany" erupted between and the on January 4, involving players from both teams in a 20-minute melee that led to both squads' disqualification and highlighted tensions in international sports during the . Slovakia's independence on January 1, 1993, following the Velvet Divorce from , facilitated economic reforms in Piešťany, including the of state-owned spas in the , which spurred renewed investment and modernization of facilities while maintaining the town's focus on therapeutic tourism. In 2001, Piešťany became the scene of an international security incident when three members of the Real IRA—Michael McDonald, Declan Rafferty, and Fintan O'Farrell—were arrested in a joint British-Slovak for attempting to procure 9mm pistols and rifles from undercover agents posing as arms dealers. Into the , Piešťany has experienced robust growth in , bolstered by expansions from operators like Ensana, which manage historic properties such as the Thermia Palace and introduce specialized programs for conditions like Parkinson's recovery. Post-COVID economic recovery has been strong, with foreign visitor numbers to surging 17% in August 2025 compared to August 2024, driven by demand for affordable spa treatments and contributing to broader tourism growth.

Geography and Environment

Location and Topography

Piešťany is situated in the western part of , within the , approximately 80 km northeast of the capital city . The town lies in the River valley at an elevation of 162 meters above , forming part of the Považský výbežok, a lowland extension of the Danubian Lowland. This positioning places it at coordinates 48°35′03″N 17°50′01″E, in a region characterized by the meandering River, which defines much of the local landscape. The municipality covers an area of 44.2 km², encompassing flat alluvial plains along the Váh that are prone to flooding due to the river's historical overflow patterns. To the east, the topography rises toward the Považský Inovec Mountains, which reach heights up to 1,042 meters at Mount Inovec and serve as a natural eastern boundary for the Váh valley in this area. To the west lie the . The surrounding terrain includes low-lying floodplains with elevations ranging from 154 to 167 meters within the cadastral area, contributing to the region's vulnerability to inundation events. Administratively, Piešťany serves as the seat of its own district in the Trnava Region, which borders the districts of Trnava and Hlohovec to the west and south, respectively, as well as Myjava and Nové Mesto nad Váhom to the north. The district comprises the core urban area of Piešťany and 26 surrounding villages, including Ratnovce located about 3 km south of the town center. Basic infrastructure includes key bridges spanning the Váh River, such as the Kolonádový most and Krajinský most, which connect the mainland to the Spa Island and facilitate local connectivity.

Climate

Piešťany experiences an with warm summers classified as Cfb under the Köppen-Geiger system. The location in the River valley provides some moderation of temperatures, contributing to relatively mild conditions compared to higher elevations in . The annual average temperature is 10.2°C, with the warmest month, , seeing average highs of 25.6°C and lows around 13.9°C. In contrast, , the coldest month, features average highs of 2.2°C and lows of -4.4°C. Annual precipitation totals approximately 697 mm, with the majority falling during the summer months, particularly in when rainfall averages about 70 mm. The region enjoys over 2,000 hours of sunshine annually, peaking at around 280 hours in . Recent trends indicate warming, with Slovakia's average annual rising by 1.8 to 2°C between and , leading to milder winters overall. In 2024, the national average reached 11.08°C, about 0.5°C warmer than 2023 and reflecting broader shifts toward 1-2°C higher averages in recent years due to . These changes have implications for spa tourism in Piešťany, where thermal springs maintain consistent temperatures of 67-69°C year-round, ensuring reliable access to therapeutic waters despite fluctuating air conditions.

Demographics and Society

The population of Piešťany has undergone significant changes over the past century and a half, reflecting its evolution from a small settlement to a prominent . In the 1869 Hungarian , the town recorded approximately 3,468 residents, marking a modest base amid rural surroundings. By 1900, this had grown to 5,654 inhabitants, driven by early developments in spa tourism that attracted visitors and spurred residential expansion. The saw further acceleration, with the population reaching 9,321 in 1921 and 12,080 by 1930, as the town's thermal springs gained international renown and investments boosted settlement. Post-World War II industrialization and spa-related growth propelled the population to 23,385 by 1970 and 28,511 in 1980, approaching a peak of around 30,000 in the late 1980s. This expansion continued into the early 1990s, but the in introduced economic uncertainties, including challenges and shifts away from state-supported industries, contributing to gradual out-migration. Subsequent censuses reflect a steady decline: 30,606 in 2001, 28,268 in 2011, and 27,681 in 2021, all per the Slovak Statistical Office. As of January 1, 2025, the estimated stands at 26,287, indicating an ongoing downward trend of about 1.2% annually in recent years, primarily due to an aging demographic— with over 20% of residents aged 65 or older—and net out-migration to larger urban centers. Urbanization patterns have been consistently high, with nearly 100% of the population classified as urban dwellers since the mid-20th century, a characteristic reinforced by the town's compact spa-centric layout and limited rural periphery.
YearPopulationSource
18693,468Hungarian Census via JewishGen historical records
19005,654Historical census data
193012,080Interwar census
198028,511Slovak Statistical Office via City Population
200130,606
201128,268
202127,681
202526,287Official estimate

Ethnic and Religious Composition

Piešťany's population is overwhelmingly ethnically Slovak. The 2021 Population and Housing recorded 24,949 individuals identifying as Slovak, representing approximately 90.1% of the town's total population of 27,681 residents. constitute the largest minority group at 1.1% (313 people), followed by at 0.3% (74 individuals). The Roma community is small, with only 13 individuals (0.05%) declaring Roma ethnicity in the census, though this figure may underrepresent the actual presence due to historical underreporting in . Since Russia's 2022 invasion of , a modest Ukrainian community has emerged in Piešťany, aided by local organizations focused on integration, contributing to slight increases in ethnic diversity. Religiously, the town reflects broader trends of in . The 2021 census indicates that 52.6% of residents (14,570 people) affiliate with the Roman Catholic Church, down from 72.65% in the 2001 census, signaling a marked decline in religious adherence over two decades. About 30.3% (8,390 individuals) reported no religious affiliation, a sharp rise from 16.7% in 2001, while Protestants, primarily from the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession, account for 4.2% (1,174 people), compared to 5% in 2001. Smaller groups include Greek Catholics (0.5%, 139 people) and Orthodox Christians (0.3%, 86 people), with ongoing national trends suggesting further by 2025 amid decreasing . Slovak is the dominant language, serving as the mother tongue for the vast majority of residents, with 24,399 individuals (approximately 88.1%) declaring it in the 2021 census. Minority languages like Hungarian (89 speakers, 0.3%) and Czech reflect the ethnic composition. In the tourism-driven economy, particularly the spa sector, English and German are widely used for communication with international visitors, enhancing in service industries without altering the primary linguistic landscape.

Economy and Infrastructure

Economic Overview

Piešťany's economy is characterized by a strong emphasis on services, particularly , alongside and financial sectors, contributing to the broader Trnava region's robust performance. In 2023, the Trnava region's GDP per capita reached 24,761 EUR, surpassing the national average by 9.9% and ranking second among Slovakia's regions. Unemployment in the Piešťany stood at a low 2.4% as of 2025, reflecting tight labor market conditions and high demand in key industries. The town's economy has historically been anchored in , though it underwent significant restructuring after the . A major employer during the communist era was Tesla Piešťany, a state-owned firm that produced components and devices but closed in 1991 amid economic transitions, leading to job losses and a shift toward foreign investment. Today, remains vital, with companies like ON operating a solution center focused on industrial IoT and power conversion technologies. Home Credit Slovakia, a leading consumer finance provider, is headquartered in Piešťany and employs hundreds in and IT-related operations. These firms, alongside automotive suppliers in the region, underscore Piešťany's integration into 's export-oriented industrial base. Tourism dominates the local economy, driven by the town's renowned spa facilities and wellness offerings, which attract visitors seeking therapeutic treatments. Recent developments highlight expansion in wellness services. The IT sector is also growing, bolstered by ON Semiconductor's innovations and regional investments in . Projections indicate revenue growth of approximately 6% annually through 2030, fueled by post-pandemic recovery and international interest in spa .

Transportation and Connectivity

Piešťany is well-integrated into Slovakia's national road network, with the D1 motorway running parallel to the town, providing efficient access to major cities. The D1 connects Piešťany directly to , approximately 75 kilometers away, via a drive that typically takes about one hour under normal traffic conditions. Local roads, including the I/61 state road, facilitate connectivity to nearby towns like and , while intra-city mobility is supported by a network of public buses operated by regional providers, offering frequent services within the urban area and to surrounding villages. Additionally, dedicated cycling paths, such as those along the River corridor, promote sustainable local transport, with routes extending up to 56 kilometers from the town center toward . The town's railway station lies on the main Bratislava–Košice line, enabling reliable intercity travel. Direct trains from Piešťany to depart hourly, covering the 80-kilometer distance in about 70 minutes, with services managed by the state railway operator (ZSSK). Further connections to are available via multiple daily expresses, integrating Piešťany into the national rail backbone. For air travel, the nearest international airports are (M. R. Štefánik Airport), 75 kilometers southwest, and , about 80 kilometers to the west, both accessible by road or rail in under two hours. Riverine options on the River focus on leisure rather than commercial freight, with seasonal rafting, canoeing, and sightseeing boat cruises available for tourists, starting from points near the town center and spanning segments up to 20 kilometers. Pedestrian and bridges enhance local accessibility, notably the iconic Kolonádový most ( Bridge), a 142-meter covered structure linking the mainland to Spa Island since 1933. Complementing these, Piešťany's bike-sharing system, known as "Piešťanské užitočné koleso," provides over 120 free shared bicycles at multiple stations, encouraging eco-friendly short trips across the town and riverbanks.

Tourism and Attractions

The Spa and Health Facilities

Piešťany's therapeutic resources are centered on its thermal mineral springs and unique peloid , which have formed the basis of treatments for centuries. The springs emerge at temperatures of 67-69°C and are rich in , with concentrations ranging from 4.3 to 12 mg/l, along with minerals such as calcium and magnesium. This sulfur-laden water, cooled for therapeutic use, is particularly effective for alleviating symptoms of , , and other musculoskeletal disorders through baths, pools, and wraps. The peloid , derived from the River sediments and enriched with sulfur and , provides anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, applied in mud packs and pools at 39-40°C to target chronic joint and spinal conditions. Additionally, sulfur-based therapies, including baths and wraps, address various skin conditions such as eczema and by promoting detoxification and skin regeneration. The town's spa infrastructure is dominated by Ensana-operated facilities, which integrate these natural elements into comprehensive health programs. The Thermia Palace, a historic five-star built in , features direct access to the Irma , offering over 60 treatments including pools, applications, and massages in a 1,200 m² wellness center with indoor and outdoor heated pools. Adjacent is the Napoleon , the oldest bathhouse on Spa Island dating to the early , providing neoclassical-style venues for procedures like underwater spinal traction and rehabilitation exercises. These facilities emphasize personalized medical supervision, with on-site physicians tailoring regimens to individual needs, drawing visitors seeking evidence-based spa cures. Piešťany's spas attract significant international interest, with Slovak spas collectively hosting around 785,000 guests annually before the . As of 2024, Slovak spas hosted approximately 173,000 clients, a 3% increase from 2023 but remaining below 2019 levels, with further challenges from reduced international visitors in 2025. Modern advancements blend traditional with contemporary rehabilitation, incorporating physiotherapy, diagnostic assessments, and post-operative recovery protocols to enhance outcomes for and mobility issues. This integrative approach, supported by collaborations with institutions like the Faculty of Physiotherapy, positions Piešťany as a leader in evidence-based .

Other Notable Sights

The Colonnade Bridge, known locally as Kolonádový most, is a prominent functionalist landmark spanning the Váh River in Piešťany, measuring 141.8 meters in length and serving as the longest covered bridge in Slovakia. Designed by architect Emil Belluš and constructed between 1930 and 1933, it features a central dividing wall separating pedestrian promenades from a narrow vehicular lane, with artistic window panes by Martin Benka enhancing its aesthetic appeal. At its western entrance stands the iconic bronze sculpture "Crutch Breaker" by Robert Kühmayer, cast in 1933, symbolizing recovery and the town's spa heritage. The bridge, originally destroyed in 1945 and reconstructed in 1956, connects the mainland to Spa Island and bears Latin inscriptions such as "Surge et ambula" (Rise and walk) on one side. Spa Island, or Kúpeľný ostrov, encompasses lush gardens and cultural venues that extend beyond its central role in wellness activities. The island's features numerous fountains and sculptures integrated into a scenic of and jogging paths, creating a serene environment for leisurely . In the northern section, the Spa Social Centre hosts theaters and halls accommodating up to 625 spectators, serving as a venue for cultural programs, theater festivals, and artistic exhibitions. These elements contribute to the island's appeal as a hub for social and recreational outings amid its verdant surroundings. Eko Park Piešťany, located near the Sĺňava reservoir about 3 kilometers from the town center, offers a family-oriented wildlife experience with over 100 species of animals from Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and the Americas, including birds, mammals, and exotic exhibits like capybaras. The park emphasizes interactive encounters suitable for children, such as petting areas and educational displays on global biodiversity. Nearby, the Small Botanical Garden functions more as an enthusiast-created park than a formal collection, showcasing diverse plant species in a modest, landscaped setting that highlights local flora. Among Piešťany's historic buildings, the Pro Patria Villa stands out for its architecture, originally constructed in 1916 as a for injured soldiers during . This elegantly restored structure, located at the edge of Spa Island, exemplifies early 20th-century design with ornate details and now operates as a health spa hotel while preserving its cultural significance. The Military History Museum, situated at the former military airport, displays over 400 artifacts from the Czechoslovak Army's post-World War II era (1945–1992), including aircraft, armored vehicles, and artillery in indoor halls and an outdoor exhibition. While its focus is on and later aviation technology, such as fighter jets and air defense systems, the collection provides context on the transition from wartime to peacetime military operations in the region.

Culture and Events

Festivals and Cultural Life

Piešťany's cultural life thrives through a series of annual events that blend music, film, and performing arts, drawing visitors to its spa-centric ambiance. The Piešťany International Music Festival, established in 1955, is a prominent summer event featuring classical and jazz performances, concerts, and workshops held indoors and outdoors across the town. The festival's 2025 edition began on May 7 at the House of Arts, showcasing international ensembles and local talent in genres spanning classical symphonies to jazz improvisations. Complementing the music scene, the International Film Festival Cinematik, held annually since , takes place in September and presents over 100 films in thematic sections, including premieres and discussions with filmmakers. The 20th edition, held September 10–15, 2025, emphasized contemporary cinema from and beyond, fostering a communal viewing experience in the town's theaters and open-air venues. Although the Country Lodenica festival, focused on country, folk, and , originated in Piešťany in 1999 as the largest of its kind in , it relocated to Zelená Voda after 2021, leaving a legacy of vibrant performances that once filled local spaces. In daily cultural activities, the House of Arts serves as a central hub for theater performances, concerts, and shows, hosting regular programs that engage both residents and spa tourists. Local crafts markets, such as the Traditional Folk Crafts Festival on the spa island, feature artisans selling , textiles, and jewelry, reflecting Slovakia's heritage and attracting seasonal crowds. The town's tourism has historically influenced its , drawing figures like Alfons Mucha to the architecture and inspiring events that integrate wellness with creative expression. Following the , Piešťany's cultural scene has seen a resurgence with hybrid formats combining in-person and access, as evidenced by the 2024 audiovisual report noting near-full recovery in event attendance across . In 2025, festivals like Cinematik drew thousands, building on pre- levels and revitalizing communal gatherings. Museums occasionally host exhibits tied to these events, enhancing thematic depth without delving into permanent collections.

Museums and Institutions

Piešťany hosts several museums and cultural institutions dedicated to preserving the town's rich heritage in spa culture, , , and . The Balneological , officially named after Imrich Winter, stands as a central repository for the history of the town's renowned traditions. Founded in 1933 by Imrich Winter, a key figure in Piešťany's spa development, and Václav Vlk, the museum originated from the Piešťanská muzeálna spoločnosť and was initially established in 1928 as the Piešťany Museum before its relocation and renaming in 1951. Its core exhibits, housed in the historic Kúpeľná dvorana building, detail the evolution of balneology in the region, featuring artifacts from the Winter family that illustrate their pivotal role in transforming Piešťany into a premier European spa destination since the , including medical instruments, architectural models, and documents on therapeutic practices. The museum also maintains collections in archaeology and natural sciences, with a 2016 exhibit highlighting local geological and biological aspects tied to the spa's sulfur springs. Within the Balneological Museum, the Exposition of General Milan Rastislav Štefánik honors the Slovak statesman, diplomat, and aviation pioneer who visited Piešťany and contributed to its early 20th-century prominence. Established in 1933 alongside the museum's founding, this dedicated section displays personal items from Štefánik's global travels, such as Oriental artifacts from his expeditions to islands like Tahiti and North Africa, alongside photographs, letters, and memorabilia underscoring his role in Czechoslovakia's formation and his passion for aviation. Complementing this, the Memorial Room of Poet Ivan Krasko, opened in 1976, preserves the apartment where the prominent Slovak symbolist poet spent his final years from 1930 onward; it includes original furnishings, manuscripts, and books that reflect Krasko's literary contributions and his affinity for Piešťany's serene environment. The Museum of Military History, operated by the Military Historical Institute since 2002, focuses on Slovakia's armed forces legacy and is situated at the former 32nd Airbase, Czechoslovakia's first established in 1918. Its collections, amassed since 1993, encompass over 10,000 items, with about 900 on permanent display, including aircraft like MiG-21 fighters, , and other Cold War-era planes that highlight Štefánik's foundational influence on Czech-Slovak aviation through his service and postwar military reforms. Exhibits span from to the present, with permanent installations on armament from 1945–1992 and in uniform across eras, emphasizing the airbase's historical significance in regional defense. Beyond these, Piešťany's institutional landscape includes over five entities promoting local heritage, such as the House of Arts, a cultural center built in that hosts exhibitions and performances in a modernist architectural setting along the Embankment of Ivan Krasko. The Town Library serves as an educational hub with extensive Slovak literature collections and community programs, while the Cultural and Community Centre Fontána organizes heritage preservation initiatives. The Piešťany Information Centre also contributes through archival displays on regional . Together, these institutions foster public engagement with Piešťany's multifaceted past, from therapeutic wellness to national military and artistic narratives.

Notable People and Relations

Notable Residents and Visitors

Piešťany has produced or raised several prominent athletes, particularly in and . Magdaléna Rybáriková, a player who achieved a career-high WTA ranking of No. 17, was born in Piešťany on October 4, 1988, and began her career there before competing internationally, winning four WTA singles titles. Similarly, Martina Moravcová, a renowned who earned two s at the 2000 Olympics in the 200-meter individual medley and 100-meter butterfly, was born in Piešťany on January 16, 1976, and trained locally early in her career, becoming 's most decorated Olympian in . , another top-tier player who reached a career-high ranking of No. 4 and won the 2016 , was introduced to the sport in Piešťany at age eight and grew up there until age eleven. In , Monika Simančíková, who claimed the at the 2012 Ondrej Nepela Memorial, was born in Piešťany on August 14, 1995, and represented at junior international competitions. The town has also been associated with influential figures in arts and entertainment. Patrik Vrbovský, better known by his Rytmus, a leading Slovak rapper and co-founder of the hip-hop group Kontrafakt, was raised in Piešťany after his birth in on January 3, 1977, and has shaped the Slovak music scene through albums like Databaze (2004). Poet Ivan Krasko, a key modernist figure in Slovak known for collections such as Nočné prijímania (1909), resided in Piešťany from 1943 until 1958, dying in that year, where a memorial room in his former apartment preserves his legacy. Charles Korvin, born Géza Kárpáthi in Piešťany on November 21, 1907, pursued a Hollywood career after emigrating to the in 1940, appearing in films like The Man Who Understood Women (1959) and earning acclaim for his sophisticated roles. Among notable visitors, is reputed to have sought spa treatment in Piešťany around 1801 during his stay in nearby Dolná Krupá, drawn by the thermal waters; a 1939 monument by sculptor L. Ľ. Pollák commemorates this association, though historical records remain anecdotal. The spa's therapeutic reputation continued to attract international figures, contributing to Piešťany's cultural prestige in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Twin Towns and Sister Cities

Piešťany has formed twin town partnerships with several international cities since the , focusing on cultural exchanges, promotion, and health sector collaborations, particularly leveraging its status as a renowned destination. These relationships encourage mutual visits, joint cultural events, and professional networking in wellness and rehabilitation fields. For instance, the partnership with Luhačovice highlights shared expertise in spa treatments for respiratory and musculoskeletal conditions. The following table lists Piešťany's current twin towns, including establishment years where documented in municipal records and partnership announcements:
CityCountryYear
Újbuda (Budapest IX)Hungary1992
EilatIsrael1996
HajdúnánásHungary1997
HeinolaFinland2000
LuhačoviceCzech Republic2001
PoděbradyCzech Republic2005
UstrońPoland2006
Varaždinske TopliceCroatia2008
MontevagoItaly2010
These partnerships have facilitated activities such as cultural performances by delegations from partner cities during Piešťany's annual Opening of the Spa Season event. In the domain, collaborations include shared congresses and excursions, strengthening ties between European health resorts. Recent initiatives in 2024-2025 have included wellness workshops and promotion efforts with , emphasizing exchange of best practices in and .

References

  1. https://www.pic-piestany.sk/en/town-of-piestany/history/
  2. https://www.piestany.sk/mesto/o-meste-1/statisticke-udaje/
  3. https://slovakia.travel/en/piestany
  4. https://ensanahotels.com/en/destinations/slovakia/piestany/spa-history
  5. https://spatravelpiestany.eu/en/history-of-the-spa-piestany/
  6. https://www.britannica.com/place/Piestany
  7. https://www.sozo.sk/wp/pressf/piestany/
  8. https://www.donsmaps.com/moravanyvenus.html
  9. https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/pinkas_slovakia/slo443.html
  10. https://spectator.sme.sk/travel/c/piestany-channel-your-inner-empress-sissi
  11. https://spectator.sme.sk/culture-and-lifestyle/c/winters-legacy-continues-to-charm-and-heal-guests
  12. https://etasr.sk/article/21922486
  13. https://www.travelguide.sk/eng/historical-slovakia-towns-piestany/
  14. https://spectator.sme.sk/politics-and-society/c/bust-of-piestany-founder-is-uncovered
  15. https://www.sportsnet.ca/hockey/juniors/punch-piestany-30-years-later/
  16. https://spectator.sme.sk/business/c/to-privatise-or-not-that-is-the-question
  17. https://spectator.sme.sk/politics-and-society/c/suspected-irish-dissidents-arrested-by-slovak-secret-service
  18. https://ensanahotels.com/en/destinations/slovakia/piestany
  19. https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/home/!ut/p/z1/jVJNU8IwFPwtHjiGvDZpkxyDaCnDMLZQxFycNAat0PJVQfz1BgZn8GAxh2ST2X1vZ1-wwlOsKr0rXnVdLCu9cPcnFT4nLOadjieBD9M7iMfyIUr71AMa4McT4TaSPcoGAHwQBRDLXpaKhBCQBKtLPbCgC3E_6ybRSDg9nPXwx5LwP32DQdVcfmQr3MeqyMv23pRtaDPOgDDGqU9FGBByjKB4X6-VxMosq9p-1ni6zLf6DdkKFdUM6XndAgeWm9LFtqss2q42endowW5r67k7AyFejKECce1TRP1Qoxw8HwlqrSXGCOH6_HLh-ZyF1PcoFz5xuNnF6iNvgdsWxVybwv40vnyh3ASBBxZpbgiiVDgENHQo54HnDFB7HKY65SWTJBkNJhOIJv49xMSLYJhlACm7QhiHZ0LTh7g2klWZZdP9gXwNZqO4kDffPt0CdA!!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/
  20. https://www.e-obce.sk/obec/piestany/2-priroda.html
  21. https://www.poznajslovensko.sk/piestany-pn
  22. https://www.obce-epro.sk/files/documents/program-hospodarskeho-rozvoja-a-socialneho-rozvoja-piestany-1.pdf
  23. https://www.icpdr.org/sites/default/files/FAP05_Vah_Hron_Ipel.pdf
  24. http://www.sodbtn.sk/obce/okres.php?kod_okresu=204
  25. https://www.ratnovce.sk/
  26. https://mapy.com/sk/?source=osm&id=1019091985
  27. https://en.climate-data.org/europe/slovakia/region-of-trnava-1459/
  28. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Koeppen-Geiger-climate-classification-maps-of-Slovakia-in-relation-to-DMO-boundaries_fig1_391798071
  29. https://weatherspark.com/y/82381/Average-Weather-in-Pie%25C5%25A1%25C5%25A5any-Slovakia-Year-Round
  30. https://en.climate-data.org/europe/slovakia/region-of-trnava/piestany-7284/
  31. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212095525002779
  32. https://tradingeconomics.com/slovakia/temperature
  33. https://ensanahotels.com/en/hotels/vila-trajan/spa/medical-treatments/balneotherapy/thermal-baths-of-piestany
  34. https://citypopulation.de/en/slovakia/trnavskykraj/pie%C5%A1%C5%A5any/507440__pie%C5%A1%C5%A5any/
  35. https://www.infostat.sk/vdc/pdf/populregfinalenR.pdf
  36. https://www.welcometoslovakia.sk/en/service_location/piestany/
  37. https://balkaninsight.com/2022/02/10/losing-my-religion-in-slovakia/
  38. https://www.iz.sk/en/projects/EU-indicators/unemployment-rate-nuts-1
  39. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17557/1/17557.pdf
  40. https://www.onsemi.com/company/about-onsemi/locations/piestany-slovakia
  41. https://www.homecredit.sk/kontakt
  42. https://www.sario.sk/en/trnava-region
  43. https://www.statista.com/outlook/mmo/travel-tourism/hotels/slovakia
  44. https://www.trippy.com/distance/Piestany-to-Bratislava
  45. https://imhd.sk/pn/public-transport
  46. https://www.pic-piestany.sk/en/surroundings-of-piestany/cycling-paths/
  47. https://visitpiestany.sk/en/splavovanie-vahu/
  48. https://www.spectator.sme.sk/travel/c/visitors-and-inhabitants-of-piestany-spa-town-can-use-120-shared-bikes-for-free
  49. https://slovakia.travel/en/colonnade-bridge-in-piestany
  50. https://www.travelslovakia.sk/blog/piestany-spa
  51. http://www.balneotherma.sk/en/pobyty/piestany.html
  52. https://ensanahotels.com/en/destinations/slovakia/piestany/natural-healing-resources
  53. https://www.sanatoriums.com/en/piestany/treatment
  54. https://ensanahotels.com/en/health/health-conditions/skin-condition
  55. https://ensanahotels.com/en/hotels/thermia-palace
  56. https://ensanahotels.com/en/hotels/vila-trajan/spa
  57. https://vshe.cz/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/CURRENT-TRENDS-IN-SPA-HOSPITALITY-AND-TOURISM_.pdf
  58. https://www.symsite.sk/single-post/number-of-clients-visiting-slovak-spas-rose-3-to-173-000-last-year
  59. https://na.eventscloud.com/ehome/320412?s-news-1592566-2025-10-26-slovak-spas-and-tourism-industry-experience-decline-amid-reduced-israeli-visitor-numbers
  60. https://ensanahotels.com/en/blog/2025/spa-benefits-for-chronic-pain
  61. https://www.kamnavylet.sk/en/attraction/colonnade-bridge-in-piestany
  62. https://slovakia.travel/en/spa-piestany
  63. https://passport.news/article/94
  64. https://www.travelguide.sk/eng/tourist-attractions/eko-park-piestany_883_1.html
  65. https://www.sanatoriums.com/en/piestany/attractions
  66. https://www.expats.cz/czech-news/article/ensana-slovakia-piestany-art-nouveau-jewel-resort-visited-by-alfons-mucha-favorite-healing-holiday-destination
  67. https://www.kamnavylet.sk/en/attraction/military-history-museum
  68. https://www.loststory.net/guide/slovakia/pie%25C5%25A1%25C5%25A5any-international-festival
  69. https://www.facebook.com/events/2330321030674205/
  70. https://www.cinematik.sk/
  71. https://www.inviton.eu/e-17349/medzinarodny-filmovy-festival-cinematik-2025
  72. https://www.cinematik.sk/en/news/the-best-european-films-of-the-past-year-20-cinematik-iff-presents-its-main-competition-section/
  73. https://visitpiestany.sk/co-robit-2/kulturne-podujatia/lodenica/
  74. https://www.piestanskydennik.sk/2021/08/12/festival-lodenica-odchadza-z-piestan/
  75. https://goout.net/en/dom-umenia-piestany/vzudoe/
  76. https://en.ludoveremesla.org/festivals
  77. https://cedslovakia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/REPORT-EN-2024_web.pdf
  78. https://www.balneomuzeum.sk/
  79. https://slovakiana.sk/en/administrative-institutions/644603947
  80. https://www.balneomuzeum.sk/expozicia/expozicia-generala-milana-rastislava-stefanika/
  81. https://www.balneomuzeum.sk/expozicia/pamatna-izba-basnika-ivana-krasku/
  82. https://www.muzeum.sk/balneologicke-muzeum-imricha-wintera-piestany.html
  83. https://www.vhu.sk/muzejne-oddelenie-piestany/
  84. https://slovakia.travel/en/military-museum-piestany
  85. https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g274935-d3378656-Reviews-The_Museum_of_Military_History-Piestany_Trnava_Region.html
  86. https://www.pic-piestany.sk/en/surroundings-of-piestany/culture-and-entertainment-in-piestany-and-its-local-areas/
  87. https://ausopen.com/players/slovakia/magdalena-rybarikova
  88. https://www.olympics.com/en/athletes/martina-moravcova
  89. https://www.pic-piestany.sk/stadt-piestany/personen/details/?tx_kioscosmotron_pi1%5Bdetail%5D=0112668
  90. http://www.isuresults.com/bios/isufs00010736.htm
  91. https://bnmusic-artists.com/rytmus/
  92. https://www.litcentrum.sk/en/author/ivan-krasko/curriculum-vitae
  93. https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/27/arts/charles-korvin-90-film-actor-who-played-cads.html
  94. https://www.pic-piestany.sk/en/town-of-piestany/monuments/details/?tx_kioscosmotron_pi1%5Bdetail%5D=0100219
  95. https://www.piestany.sk/mesto/o-meste-1/partnerske-mesta/
  96. https://www.piestany.sk/info/fotogaleria-1/olks-2016-partnerske-mesta-667sk.html
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.