Voiced retroflex implosive

Voiced retroflex implosive
ᶑ
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ᶑ
Unicode (hex)	U+1D91
Image

The voiced retroflex implosive is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. Wadiyara Koli phonemically distinguishes it from the alveolar /ɗ/. Sindhi has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation, while Oromo, Saraiki and Ngad'a have /ᶑ / but not /ɗ/.^[1]

The 'implicit' symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ᶑ ⟩ (a D with a tail for retroflex and a hook-top for implosive).^[2][3]

Features of the voiced retroflex implosive:

• Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
• Its place of articulation is retroflex, which prototypically means it is articulated subapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it is postalveolar without being palatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can be apical (pointed) or, in some fricatives, laminal (flat).
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means that air is exclusively allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.

• List of phonetics topics

• List of languages with [ᶑ] on PHOIBLE