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Harold Fraser (9 November 1889 – 19 January 1962), known professionally as Snub Pollard, was an Australian-born vaudevillian who became a silent film comedian in Hollywood, popular in the 1920s.

Key Information

Career

[edit]
Publicity photo

Born in Melbourne, Australia, on 9 November 1889, young Harry Fraser began performing with Pollard's Lilliputian Opera Company. The company ran several highly successful professional children's troupes that traveled Australia and New Zealand in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Like many of the actors in the popular juvenile company -- among them Daphne Trott -- Fraser adopted Pollard as his stage name. In 1908, Harry Pollard joined the company tour to North America. After the completion of the tour, he returned to the United States.[1] By 1915, he was regularly appearing in uncredited roles in movies, for example, Charles Epting notes that Pollard can clearly be seen in Chaplin's 1915 short By the Sea.[2] In later years, Pollard said Hal Roach had discovered him while he was performing on stage in Los Angeles.[3]

Pollard and Bebe Daniels played supporting roles in the early films of Harold Lloyd. The long-faced Pollard sported a Kaiser Wilhelm mustache turned upside-down; this became his trademark. When Lloyd advanced to feature films, Lloyd's producer Hal Roach conferred Lloyd's short-subject series to Pollard. The most famous Snub Pollard comedy is 1923's It's a Gift, in which he plays an inventor of many Rube Goldberg-like contraptions, including a car that runs by magnet power.

In early 1923, shortly after his second marriage, Pollard returned with his wife Elizabeth to see his relations in Australia. His visit attracted considerable attention, and he appeared again in several theaters to speak about the motion picture business.[1]

Pollard's contract lapsed in 1925 and Roach did not renew it. (Roach continued to release new Pollard comedies and reprints of old ones into 1926.) Pollard turned to the vaudeville stage for employment, and embarked on a 12-month tour of personal appearances.[4]

Pollard returned to motion pictures when he was signed by the low-budget Weiss Brothers-Artclass studio in May 1926.[5] Weiss allowed Pollard to complete his vaudeville commitment. Motion Picture World reported that Pollard "will continue his two-a-day performances in between the new series of comedies to be produced, in order that his newly gained vaudeville popularity may be made effective for his forthcoming films."[6] Pollard was the first star name to make comedies for Weiss; the studio's other series were all based on comic characters (Winnie Winkle, Hairbreadth Harry, Izzie and Lizzie) and the performers' names were not promoted.

Pollard's first two-reelers for Weiss were solo vehicles, but he was soon teamed with Mack Sennett "fat" comic Marvin Loback as a poor man's version of Laurel and Hardy. The "Snub and Fat" characters copied the plots and gags of "Stan and Ollie". Despite the inevitable comparisons, the silent-comedy series was successful within its smaller market and ran for three years. The series finale, Sock and Run, was released in December 1929. Pollard and Loback were never billed as a team; Pollard was always the headliner, and Loback led the supporting cast.

The new talking pictures were a challenge for many silent stars, but Pollard made the transition. Producer Louis Weiss did not have access to soundstages in Hollywood, so in July 1929 Weiss sent Pollard and director Leslie Goodwins to New York, to film a new series of 10 talking two-reelers at the Lee DeForest Phonofilm studio.[7] Two shorts were completed -- Here We Are (1929) and Pipe Down (1929) -- before the stock market crash of October 1929 halted further production. Pipe Down was received poorly; Variety called it "third-rate vaude stuff trying to pass off as film comedy."[8] The review noted that most of the action took place on a single interior set, reflecting the limited space of the DeForest studio.

The Weiss Bros. suspended production indefinitely and Pollard was again unemployed. In the wake of the crash, he announced plans for a series of talking comedies to be produced independently, at the Metropolitan Studio in Fort Lee, New Jersey.[9] The plans fell through and Pollard returned to California, in hopes of landing work in feature films as a character comic. His first talking feature was Ex-Flame (1930) for the independent Liberty Pictures.[10]

In the 1930s, Pollard said the Great Depression wiped out his investments and he could not adjust to the talkies.[3] He played small speaking parts in comedies and comic relief in "B" westerns. Pollard remarried in 1935, to the former Ruth Bridges; the couple divorced in 1939.

His silent-comedy credentials guaranteed him work in slapstick revivals. He appeared with other film veterans in Hollywood Cavalcade (1939), The Perils of Pauline (1947), and Man of a Thousand Faces (1957). He also appeared regularly as a supporting player in Columbia Pictures' two-reel comedies of the mid-1940s, and was a latter-day member of the Keystone Cops in movies and personal appearances.

Forsaking his familiar mustache in his later years, he landed much steadier work in films as a mostly uncredited bit player. He played incidental roles in dozens of Hollywood features and shorts, almost always as a mousy, nondescript fellow, usually with no dialogue. In Wheeler & Woolsey's Cockeyed Cavaliers (1934), he plays a drunken doctor; at the end of Miracle on 34th Street (1947), when a squad of bailiffs hauling sacks of mail enters the courtroom, Pollard brings up the rear. In Singin' in the Rain, he receives the umbrella of Gene Kelly after his famous "Singin' in the Rain" scene. In Frank Capra's Pocketful of Miracles (1961), Pollard plays a Broadway beggar. Twist Around the Clock (1961) shows him reacting wordlessly to a curvaceous woman dancing energetically. His last picture was The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (filmed in 1961; released 1962).

Harold Lloyd (center) early in his career with Pollard (lower left) and Bebe Daniels

Death and recognition

[edit]

Pollard died of cancer on 19 January 1962, aged 72, after nearly 50 years in the movie business.[11] His interment was at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills).[12]

For his contributions to motion pictures, Pollard has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6415½ Hollywood Boulevard.[13]

Selected filmography

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
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Snub Pollard

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Snub Pollard (November 9, 1889 – January 19, 1962) was an Australian-born actor and comedian best known for his work in silent films during the and , where he appeared in over 500 productions, often in comedic shorts as a lead or supporting player. Born Harold Hopetown Fraser in , Victoria, he adopted the stage names "Snub" for his comedic persona and "Pollard" from his early association with the Pollard's Lilliputian Opera Company, though he was not related to fellow performer Daphne Pollard. His career spanned , early Hollywood cinema, and later bit roles in sound films, culminating in a star on the in 1960 for his contributions to motion pictures. Pollard's early career began in with the Pollard's Lilliputian Opera Company, a troupe of child performers that toured internationally, leading him to the by around 1910. He transitioned into film in 1911 with Essanay Film Manufacturing Company and briefly appeared as a Keystone Kop before gaining prominence as Harold Lloyd's sidekick in the "Lonesome Luke" comedy series from 1915 to 1917, contributing to over 50 shorts. From 1918 to 1924, he starred in one- and two-reel comedies produced by , showcasing his energetic slapstick style in films like (1923), which featured inventive Goldberg-style gags. In 1926, Pollard founded his own to create independent shorts, often co-starring with Marvin Loback in routines that anticipated pairings, before shifting to supporting roles in sound-era Westerns and features such as (1947) and (1952). Despite the advent of talkies diminishing his starring opportunities, he continued working steadily into the , amassing a legacy as a versatile silent-era funnyman whose mustache and agile defined his on-screen persona. He died of cancer in , at age 72, leaving behind a that bridged traditions with early Hollywood innovation.

Early life

Birth and family background

Harold Fraser, who later became known as Snub Pollard, was born on 9 November 1889 at 59 Courtney Street in , Victoria, . His full was Harold Hopetown Fraser. He was the fourth living child in his family, following siblings Violet (aged 8), George (aged 5), and Ralph (aged 2) at the time of his birth; an older sister named Georgina had died in infancy. His father, George Gunn Fraser, was a 34-year-old cab driver who had previously worked as a , born in Victoria. His mother, Isabella Fraser (née Elliot), was 30 years old and had been born in . A younger sister, May Evelyn Fraser, was born in 1892. The family lived in a modest terrace home in the working-class suburb of , later relocating to 71 Leveson Street by 1905. There is no record of specific initial exposure to the within his family, though the vibrant scene in may have influenced his later interests. He had an older brother named George Gunn Fraser, after their father. The origins of his "Snub Pollard" trace back to early nicknames and professional associations rather than family ties; "Pollard" was adopted from the Pollard Lilliputian Opera Company troupe he joined as a youth, while "Snub" emerged as a moniker around 1915, the origin of which remains unknown.

Early career in Australia

Born Harold Fraser in , , in 1889, he entered the professional entertainment world at age 13 when, in March 1903, he joined Harry Hall’s Juvenile Australian Company for a tour to lasting until October 1903. He entered the professional entertainment world further at age 15 when, in mid-1904, he and his sister May joined Charles Pollard and Nellie Chester's Lilliputian Opera Company, a renowned troupe of young performers specializing in musical comedies and light operas. Adopting the stage surname "Pollard" like many in the company, Fraser quickly immersed himself in the demanding schedule of juvenile theater, performing roles in productions such as A Gaiety Girl. The troupe embarked on extensive international tours that shaped Fraser's early career, beginning with a 1904–1907 circuit through , the (including , , , and ), , and , followed by a second tour from 1907 to 1909. These journeys exposed him to diverse audiences and performance styles in Australian and settings, where he contributed to ensemble casts delivering comedic sketches and musical numbers. During this period, Fraser began developing his distinctive comedic approach, characterized by physical expressiveness and timing, while his prominent snub-nosed features—later inspiring his professional nickname "Snub"—became a recognizable trait in his youthful . By 1908, as the company toured , Fraser, now performing as Harry Pollard, recognized the expanding opportunities in the American entertainment scene and chose to remain in the United States after the tour concluded, marking the end of his Australian phase and the start of his transition to film.

Career

Silent film beginnings

In , Harold Fraser, performing under the stage name Harry Pollard, arrived in the United States as part of an Australian vaudeville troupe and chose to remain in the country to pursue opportunities in the burgeoning . He quickly transitioned from work to cinema, securing bit roles in the early that capitalized on his diminutive stature and expressive features. These initial appearances were uncredited or minor, often in comedic vignettes that highlighted physical humor and ensemble , reflecting the era's demand for versatile supporting players in one-reel shorts. Pollard's entry into structured film production came in 1911 when he joined Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, where he took on small but noticeable parts in Westerns and comedies produced at their and studios. His first credited role was as Dave Denton in the short An Arizona Romance (1911), a typical Essanay Western that showcased his ability to blend earnestness with comic timing in supporting capacities. By 1915, he appeared in Charlie Chaplin's Essanay comedy His New Job in a and as the vendor in By the Sea, demonstrating his knack for understated reactions amid chaotic scenes, marking one of his early brushes with major talents. These Essanay efforts helped hone his presence in the fast-paced, two-reel format prevalent in silent . During this period, Pollard adopted the moniker "Snub" Pollard, shortened from Harry Pollard to distinguish him from another performer of the same name and suit his comedic , with his upturned mustache becoming a visual hallmark of his comedic —characterized by wide-eyed innocence, pratfalls, and resilient optimism in absurd situations. This character archetype emerged prominently through his collaborations with in the Lonesome Luke series, produced by Hal Roach's Rolin Film Company starting in late 1915. As Lloyd's frequent , often billed as "Ginger," Pollard provided foil-like support in films such as Lonesome Luke, Social Gangster (1915) and Luke's Movie Muddle (1916), contributing to the series' blend of chase sequences and visual gags that defined early short-form comedy. These roles solidified his reputation for reliable, character-driven humor in the silent era's foundational comedic output, setting the stage for his independent starring vehicles.

Peak with Hal Roach Studios

In 1918, Snub Pollard joined , which soon transitioned into , where he transitioned from supporting roles to starring in his own series of comedy shorts. When advanced to feature-length productions around 1919, Roach assigned Pollard's former short-subject slot to him, launching the "Snub Pollard Comedies" series of one- and two-reel films that ran through 1924. Over this period, Pollard starred in more than 100 shorts, often featuring fast-paced routines, chase sequences, and exaggerated that capitalized on his expressive mustache and nimble athleticism. These films were produced efficiently on the Roach lot, emphasizing visual gags and ensemble casts drawn from the studio's stock players, contributing to Pollard's status as one of Roach's top comedy attractions in the early . A standout example from the series is the 1923 short It's a Gift, directed by Hugh Fay, in which Pollard portrays an eccentric inventor pitching absurd contraptions like a magnet-powered automobile to skeptical oil executives. The film exemplifies the innovative use of slapstick and visual gags typical of Pollard's Roach work, blending inventive props with chaotic chases and pratfalls to deliver rapid-fire humor that highlighted his character's bumbling ingenuity. Such elements helped the shorts resonate with audiences seeking lighthearted escapism during the post-World War I era, solidifying Pollard's appeal as a lead comedian. During his Roach tenure, Pollard began collaborating with heavyset comedian Marvin Loback in several shorts, including the 1923 release Join the Circus, where their contrasting physiques—Pollard's slight build against Loback's bulk—set the stage for fat-and-skinny dynamics reminiscent of emerging duos at the studio. This pairing foreshadowed their later "Snub and Fat" series from 1926 to 1929, produced after Pollard left Roach but drawing on the slapstick formulas honed there; the shorts, distributed by Weiss Brothers, featured the duo as hapless handymen or rivals in low-budget scenarios, achieving modest returns through their familiar visual comedy despite the era's economic challenges. Production involved quick shoots with recycled gags and props, emphasizing the pair's physical interplay over elaborate plots. Pollard's work integrated seamlessly into the Hal Roach Studios ecosystem, where he shared sets, props, and crew with other comedy units on the compact Culver City lot. For instance, as began developing their partnership around 1926—just after Pollard's departure—the studio's collaborative environment allowed overlapping use of facilities, fostering a shared aesthetic that influenced Roach's output across series. In his early Roach days, Pollard had appeared in bit roles supporting , providing a foundation for his later starring vehicles.

Later career and sound era

Following the transition to sound films in 1929, Snub Pollard's status as a leading comedian waned, exacerbated by the economic hardships of the , which depleted his savings from earlier successes. Unable to secure starring roles, he turned to freelance work in short comedies and supporting positions, often for low-budget studios. This marked a significant shift from his prolific silent-era output at . In the , Pollard increasingly accepted bit parts in feature films, leveraging his recognizable appearance from silent comedies. A representative example is his role alongside fellow silent stars in Hollywood Cavalcade (1939), a nostalgic tribute to early cinema produced by 20th Century Fox. By the and , his contributions were predominantly uncredited, appearing in dozens of productions across genres, including Westerns and comedies, where he provided brief or background presence. Pollard's adaptation to the sound era was hindered by the need to incorporate into his visual, pantomime-based style, leading to in minor, often non-speaking roles that echoed his silent persona. He struggled with vocal delivery suited to talkies, limiting him to occasional small speaking lines rather than lead opportunities. Notable late appearances include an uncredited role as a mail-bearing court officer in (1947), directed by for 20th Century Fox. His final screen credit came as an uncredited statehood audience member in John Ford's The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), released by shortly before his death.

Personal life

Marriages and relationships

Pollard was married three times during his life, with each union ending in . His first marriage took place on April 28, 1917, to Myrtle Webb Scherer, a social worker known in the ; the couple separated after a few years and divorced in 1921. Myrtle Scherer died in 1927 from blood poisoning in her throat, leaving behind an eight-year-old daughter named Lolly from her relationship with Luther B. Scherer. On March 21, 1922, Pollard married , a former resident of . This union provided a period of personal stability early in his independent comedy career, allowing the couple to travel together, including a honeymoon visit to in early 1923 where Pollard reconnected with his family and received widespread media coverage due to his celebrity status. The marriage ended amid personal difficulties, culminating in Elizabeth Pollard's successful petition in January 1927 on grounds of incompatibility. Pollard's third marriage occurred on January 12, 1935, to Ruth Helen Gibson Bridges. By this time, his film career had shifted toward supporting roles and Westerns, and the union may have offered temporary companionship during a phase of professional uncertainty; however, it lasted only four years before dissolving in divorce in 1939, further reflecting ongoing challenges to his personal stability. No children were born from any of Pollard's marriages, and biographical accounts do not document additional significant romantic relationships beyond a debunked rumor of an engagement to actress Marie Mosquini.

Daily life and interests

During the height of his career in the , Snub Pollard resided in a spacious in the , emblematic of the affluent lifestyle he enjoyed at the time, complete with a stylish automobile for navigating the bustling . His daily routines in this period were closely intertwined with the energetic rhythm of Hollywood's studio scene, where mornings often began with preparations for the day's activities amid the sunny climate that reminded him of his Australian roots. Pollard developed a keen interest in outdoor pursuits, particularly playing and spending time sunning himself on the during his hours, activities that provided relaxation away from the demands of . He also followed sports like and , maintaining connections to these through family correspondence and local events, which offered a sense of continuity with his heritage. The onset of the dramatically altered Pollard's circumstances; the 1929 obliterated his substantial investments, plunging him into financial difficulties throughout and necessitating a shift to a more frugal existence. By mid-century, he had relocated to a modest small house in the , where he lived comfortably yet simply, embracing a sensible routine that emphasized health and solitude while sustaining ties to a network of longtime friends from the entertainment world.

Death and legacy

Final years and death

In his final years, Snub Pollard continued appearing in minor, often uncredited bit roles in films during the 1950s and into 1961, including uncredited parts in and . Despite his long career spanning over five decades, his health deteriorated due to cancer. He died from the disease on January 19, 1962, at Magnolia Park Hospital in , at the age of 72. Pollard was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills section of Los Angeles County, California, in the Sheltering Hills plot (Map #C03, Lot 545, Space 4). No public details emerged regarding funeral arrangements or immediate responses from family or friends following his passing.

Posthumous honors

Pollard's legacy in silent comedy has been honored through restorations, festival screenings, and scholarly inclusions in film histories following his death. Although awarded two years before his passing, Pollard's star on the at 6415 , dedicated on February 8, 1960, in the Motion Pictures category, remains a prominent tribute to his contributions as a at . In recent years, efforts to preserve and revive his work have gained momentum, with a 2025 campaign by film historian Dave Glass that successfully funded a two-disc Blu-ray set featuring rare and restored Snub Pollard shorts from the 1920s, highlighting his inventive gags and physical humor. His films continue to be screened at silent film festivals with live accompaniment to celebrate early Hollywood comedy. Australia's Silent Film Festival recognizes his Australian origins and prolific output of over 300 silent-era roles. Scholarly recognition appears in dedicated publications like The Lost Laugh, an e-zine on silent comedy that published in-depth articles on Pollard's career in 2021, including analyses of his collaborations and influence on duo-based physical comedy similar to . Additionally, histories of the , such as Richard Lewis Ward's 2005 book A History of the Hal Roach Studios, detail Pollard's peak as a leading Roach comedian, preserving his role in shaping the studio's short-film legacy. Pollard's enduring impact on slapstick is evident in the preservation of his shorts, such as It's a Gift (1923), which exemplify chaotic chases and gadget mishaps that inspired later visual humor in comedy films.

Selected filmography

Short films

Snub Pollard's earliest contributions to short films came during the 1910s with Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, where he appeared in supporting roles in comedies, including as an ice cream vendor in Charlie Chaplin's By the Sea (1915), a one-reel slapstick outing filmed in Venice, California. These early one-reel efforts, typically running 10-15 minutes, showcased Pollard's emerging talent for physical comedy in ensemble settings. Transitioning to Hal Roach's Rolin Film Company, Pollard gained prominence as Harold Lloyd's sidekick in the Lonesome Luke series of one-reel shorts from 1915 to 1917, such as Lonesome Luke, Messenger (1917), where he and Lloyd portrayed bumbling delivery boys causing mayhem at a girls' school. Distributed through Exchange, these fast-paced comedies, often under 20 minutes, helped establish Pollard's snub-nosed, mustachioed persona as a reliable foil for escalating gags. By 1918, Pollard launched his own starring series at Roach Studios, producing over 100 one- and two-reel shorts through 1924, emphasizing inventive chases and Goldberg-style contraptions. Among his most acclaimed silent shorts from the Roach era was the two-reel (1923), directed by Hugh Fay, in which Pollard starred as an eccentric inventor whose automated home and magnetic car attract greedy oil tycoons, blending visual humor with elaborate set pieces in a runtime of about 20 minutes. These films, distributed widely by , highlighted Pollard's solo comic timing and were produced on modest budgets to maximize gag density within the short format. After departing Roach in 1924, Pollard continued in freelance silent shorts, notably the "Snub and Fat" series produced by Weiss Brothers Studios from 1926 to 1929, teaming him with portly comedian Marvin Loback in two-reel comedies mimicking dynamics, such as Double Trouble (1927), where the duo navigates mishaps and roommate rivalries. These independently distributed efforts, running 18-25 minutes, relied on recycled plots but delivered Pollard's signature frantic energy. As arrived, Pollard adapted to early talkie shorts in the late and early 1930s through freelance work with Weiss Brothers, including Here We Are (1929), a one-reel where he posed as a plumber's assistant impersonating a wife, and Pipe Down (1929, released 1930), featuring him and Jack Kearney as sailors in a brawl aboard ship. These transitional shorts, often under 15 minutes and incorporating rudimentary dialogue, marked Pollard's shift to synchronized while preserving his visual comedy roots, though they received limited theatrical distribution amid the industry's rapid evolution.

Feature films

In the sound era, Snub Pollard's appearances in feature films largely shifted from his earlier comedic leads in to supporting or bit roles, often uncredited, where his distinctive mustache and expressive face added subtle humor without dominating the . Unlike the rapid-fire of his short-film stardom, these features placed him in ensemble casts or background positions, emphasizing ensemble storytelling over individual gags. One of his notable early sound features was Hollywood Cavalcade (1939), a nostalgic tribute to silent cinema directed by Irving Cummings, in which Pollard appeared uncredited as a Keystone Kop, recreating the chaotic comedy style of his formative years at Mack Sennett's studio. This role highlighted his veteran status among other silent-era performers but remained a brief cameo in a film focused on the broader history of Hollywood. Pollard found occasional supporting parts in low-budget Westerns during the late 1930s, such as Rollin' Plains (1938), where he played the comic sidekick Pee Wee alongside , providing light relief through his bumbling persona in a plot involving . Similar roles followed in Utah Trail (1938) and Starlight Over Texas (1938), both as Pee Wee, marking some of his most substantial post-silent contributions to features, though confined to B-movies with formulaic action arcs rather than the inventive humor of his earlier work. These appearances allowed him to leverage his in dialogue-light scenes, but opportunities for leads dwindled as sound films prioritized vocal performers. By the 1940s and 1950s, Pollard's feature roles became predominantly uncredited bits, often as pedestrians, jurors, or onlookers in major productions. In Miracle on 34th Street (1947), directed by George Seaton, he portrayed the final mail-bearing court officer, a memorable silent moment where he dumps sacks of letters proving Santa's existence, adding a touch of whimsy to the courtroom climax without spoken lines. He continued in this vein with small parts like a street musician in Limelight (1952) and an old man in the "Singin' in the Rain" number of Singin' in the Rain (1952), both uncredited, blending into the background of lavish musicals that contrasted sharply with his solo short-film antics. His final feature appearance was in John Ford's The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962), an uncredited role as a statehood audience member, where his presence among the crowd underscored his enduring but understated legacy in Hollywood Westerns. These later cameos, while minor, often carried ironic weight in films reflecting on American mythology, differing from the self-contained hilarity of his by serving larger dramatic ensembles.

References

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  42. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0056217/fullcredits/
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