Hubbry Logo
TRAPPISTTRAPPISTMain
Open search
TRAPPIST
Community hub
TRAPPIST
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
TRAPPIST
TRAPPIST
TRAPPIST
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

The Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope (TRAPPIST) is the corporate name for a pair of Belgian optic robotic telescopes. TRAPPIST–South, which is situated high in the Chilean mountains at the European Southern Observatory's La Silla Observatory, came online in 2010, and TRAPPIST–North situated at the Oukaïmeden Observatory in the Atlas Mountains in Morocco, came online in 2016.[1]

Key Information

Description

[edit]

TRAPPIST is controlled from Liège, Belgium, with some autonomous features. It consists of two 60 cm (24 in) reflecting robotic telescopes located at the ESO La Silla Observatory (housed in the dome of the retired Swiss T70 telescope) in Chile and at Oukaïmeden Observatory in Morocco.

The 60 cm f/8 Ritchey–Chrétien design telescopes and New Technology Mount NTM-500 were built by ASTELCO Systems, a company in Germany. The CCD camera was built by Finger Lakes Instrumentation (USA), providing a 22 x 22 arcminutes field of view. The camera is fitted with a double filter wheel, allowing 12 different filters and one clear position.[2][3]

The telescope condominium is a joint venture between the University of Liège, Belgium, and the Geneva Observatory, Switzerland, and among other tasks, it specializes in searching for comets and exoplanets.[4][5]

In November 2010, it was one of the few telescopes that observed a stellar occultation of the planetary body Eris, revealing that it may be smaller than Pluto, and it helped observe a stellar occultation by Makemake, when it passed in front of the star NOMAD 1181-0235723. The observations of this event showed it lacked a significant atmosphere.[5][6]

A team of astronomers headed by Michaël Gillon, of the Institut d'Astrophysique et Géophysique at the University of Liège in Belgium, used the telescope to observe the ultracool dwarf star 2MASS J23062928-0502285, now also known as TRAPPIST-1. By utilising transit photometry, they discovered seven terrestrial planets, at least three of which were Earth-sized, orbiting the star; the innermost two were found to be tidally locked to their host star while the outermost appears to lie either within the system's habitable zone or just outside of it.[7][8] The team published its findings in the May 2016 issue of the Nature journal.[9]

While TRAPPIST-1 is the only planetary system discovered by TRAPPIST, other planetary systems have been discovered by SPECULOOS and given SPECULOOS-n designations, with TRAPPIST-1 being SPECULOOS-1.[10]

Name

[edit]

As with the other space observation projects of the University of Liège like SPECULOOS, Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope is a backronym, referring to traditional Belgian Trappist beer.[11]

[edit]
  • The 60 cm telescope is operated from Liège, Belgium, 12000 km away.
    The 60 cm telescope is operated from Liège, Belgium, 12000 km away.
  • TRAPPIST's enclosure
    TRAPPIST's enclosure
  • TRAPPIST is housed at the former Swiss T70 telescope site
    TRAPPIST is housed at the former Swiss T70 telescope site
  • Comet ISON as captured by TRAPPIST before the comet disintegrated a few days later
    Comet ISON as captured by TRAPPIST before the comet disintegrated a few days later
  • First light image of the Tarantula Nebula taken by TRAPPIST in 2010
    First light image of the Tarantula Nebula taken by TRAPPIST in 2010
  • The TRAPPIST telescope in its dome at ESO's La Silla Observatory

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to TRAPPIST telescope.

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

TRAPPIST

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Transiting Planets and Planetesimals Small Telescope (TRAPPIST) is a Belgian-led project comprising two robotic 60 cm Ritchey-Chrétien optical telescopes dedicated to the detection and characterization of exoplanets via the transit method and the observation of small Solar System bodies, including comets and trans-Neptunian objects. TRAPPIST-South, the first of the pair, achieved first light in June 2010 and is located at the European Southern Observatory's La Silla site in at an altitude of 2,400 meters, where it operates autonomously from a control center in , . The telescope features a 0.60 m primary mirror made of Astro Sitall and is equipped with a high-quality CCD camera for precise photometry, enabling it to monitor stellar brightness variations caused by planetary transits or cometary activity. In 2016, TRAPPIST-North joined the network at the Oukaimeden Observatory in Morocco's at 2,750 meters elevation, providing complementary coverage to extend observation windows and improve follow-up capabilities. Both telescopes are managed by the in collaboration with the Geneva Observatory and funded by Belgian and Swiss scientific agencies. The project gained international prominence through its role in discovering the TRAPPIST-1 system in 2016, initially identifying three Earth-sized planets orbiting an star 40 light-years away, with subsequent observations by TRAPPIST-South, NASA's , and other instruments confirming a total of seven rocky worlds, three of which lie in the where liquid water could potentially exist. Additional notable contributions include the detection of the first asteroid ring system around (10199) Chariklo in 2014 and ongoing studies of comet compositions and exoplanet atmospheres using facilities like the for follow-up. These efforts have advanced understanding of planetary systems around low-mass stars and the diversity of habitable environments beyond the Solar System.

History

Development and Funding

The TRAPPIST project originated in 2009 at the University of Liège's Astrophysics and Image Processing group within the Department of , , and , led by astronomers Michaël Gillon and Emmanuël Jehin in collaboration with the Geneva Observatory. The initiative focused on developing a robotic to search for transiting around stars, which are faint and cool M-type dwarfs that pose unique challenges for detection due to their low luminosity and high contrast with potential planets. Key team members included , Pierre Magain, Jean Manfroid, and Stéphane Udry, who contributed expertise in exoplanet photometry and instrumentation. The primary motivation was to address limitations in ground-based surveys for small, Earth-sized planets transiting these dim stars, where space telescopes like CoRoT and Kepler provided benchmarks but lacked continuous coverage for southern targets. TRAPPIST was designed as a prototype to enable efficient, automated photometry, complementing ongoing efforts such as the WASP survey and supporting follow-up for CoRoT detections, while also allowing observations of Solar System planetesimals like comets. This ground-based approach aimed to fill gaps in detecting short-period transits around nearby ultracool dwarfs, potentially revealing habitable worlds overlooked by larger facilities. Funding came mainly from the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S.-FNRS) via grant FRFC 2.5.594.09.F, supplemented by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), enabling rapid development with off-the-shelf components. Partnerships with the (ESO) provided access to the La Silla site, facilitating installation without additional construction costs. The project secured these resources to build and test a 60-cm in under two years, reflecting efficient allocation for a low-cost, high-impact instrument. Development milestones included conceptualization and starting in 2009, with the installed at ESO La Silla in April 2010. Commissioning and prototype testing occurred through November 2010, verifying robotic operations and photometric performance, followed by full operational approval and science commencement in December 2010. This timeline positioned TRAPPIST as an early adopter of fully automated ground-based hunting.

Installation and Expansion

The installation of TRAPPIST-South began in April 2010 at the European Southern Observatory's La Silla site in , where telescope components were transported from with logistical support from ESO personnel. The was housed in a refurbished 5-meter enclosure previously used for the Swiss T70 , which underwent site preparation including the installation of new azimuth motors, computerized dome control, and a meteorological station to ensure reliable operation at the observatory's 2,400-meter altitude. Commissioning occurred over two months, with first light achieved remotely on June 8, 2010, via a VPN connection from the control room in , , highlighting the challenges of overseeing setup from afar without on-site presence. Full robotic operations commenced by December 2010, enabling automated nightly observations. To extend coverage to the and facilitate year-round monitoring of celestial targets, a twin , TRAPPIST-North, was installed in spring 2016 at Oukaïmeden Observatory in Morocco's . TRAPPIST-North is funded by the in collaboration with of . The setup was completed in May 2016, with initial observations, including the first recorded transit data, obtained as early as June 1, 2016. Full integration into the project followed in 2017, allowing coordinated operations between the two sites for continuous sky coverage.

Design and Operation

Technical Specifications

The TRAPPIST telescopes employ a lightweight Ritchey-Chrétien optical design featuring a 60 cm diameter primary mirror and an f/8 focal ratio, enabling high-precision photometry for faint targets. This configuration provides a of approximately 22 arcminutes by 22 arcminutes for TRAPPIST-South and 19.8 arcminutes by 19.8 arcminutes for TRAPPIST-North. The telescopes lack and rely on the excellent site seeing at their installations, with median values below 1 arcsecond. At the focal plane, each telescope is equipped with a back-illuminated deep-depletion CCD detector from iKon-L, consisting of 2048 × 2048 pixels with a 15 μm size, yielding a plate scale of about 0.6 arcseconds per . The detector achieves high quantum efficiency exceeding 80% in red wavelengths, peaking at 98% around 750 nm, which supports sensitive observations of cool stars and cometary emissions. The telescopes are mounted on German equatorial robotic systems, specifically the Astelco NTM-500 model, which offers precise tracking with differential positioning accuracy better than 1 arcsecond and no periodic error, allowing unguided exposures up to 4 minutes. Active thermoelectric cooling maintains the CCD at approximately -35°C, reducing dark current to 0.11 electrons per second per pixel for low-noise performance. A custom filter set is installed, including broadband options such as for monitoring transits around late-type stars and filters (e.g., for OH, , C3, and C2) tailored to comet spectroscopy. Infrastructure includes uninterruptible power supplies providing 45 minutes of backup, with data acquisition generating 2-15 GB per night per , transferred via VPN for remote processing. The software interfaces seamlessly with these hardware components to enable fully robotic operations.

Automation and Control Systems

The TRAPPIST telescopes operate as fully robotic systems, enabling remote control from the in over a secure VPN connection with a bandwidth of approximately 30 Kb/s. This setup allows operators to monitor and adjust observations in real time, supported by three webcams for visual and audio feedback from the sites. The automation integrates the ACE Smart Dome system, which slaves the enclosure movements to the telescope's pointing, ensuring synchronized operation without manual intervention. A Boltwood II weather station continuously assesses conditions, automatically closing the observatory during adverse weather to protect the instruments. Target selection and scheduling rely on the ACP Observatory software (DC-3 Dreams), which manages full-night observing sequences and adapts to real-time environmental changes, such as weather-induced interruptions, by prioritizing queued targets. Telescope control employs the ASCOM Super Driver for hardware interfacing, with software-based guiding achieving tracking accuracy better than 10 arcseconds over 10 minutes without an autoguider; differential tracking corrects for mount errors during long exposures. Focus and pointing adjustments are handled algorithmically to maintain stability, leveraging the direct-drive German equatorial mount's high slew speed of up to 50 degrees per second. Data handling follows an automated pipeline that processes 5–15 GB of nightly observations on-site, performing initial archiving before transfer to via external storage racks. Reduction involves IRAF scripts for (, , and flat-field corrections) executed through PyRAF within a Python 3 framework, followed by aperture photometry using IRAF/DAOPHOT and astrometric tools like SExtractor and SCAMP. Custom Python scripts enable differential photometry and extraction, yielding rms precisions below 1 mmag (e.g., 0.32 mmag in combined transits) for bright targets (V < 12). On-site monitoring incorporates the Boltwood II weather station and infrared webcams for environmental oversight, complemented by uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) to handle brief outages and ensure operational continuity. These systems support high uptime, with approximately 300 clear nights per year at La Silla, corresponding to over 80% observational availability. IP Power devices enable remote power cycling of components via the internet, providing failover for critical hardware. Security features include VPN-encrypted remote access and data transfers, safeguarding against unauthorized intrusions in the remote observatory environments.

Locations

TRAPPIST-South

TRAPPIST-South is situated at the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) in the of , with precise coordinates of 29°15′16″S 70°44′22″W. This location, at an elevation of approximately 2,400 meters in the , provides exceptionally rated Bortle class 2 and a dry climate that minimizes atmospheric interference for astronomical observations. The operates within a refurbished 5-meter Ash Dome , equipped with active ventilation systems to manage and reduce the risk of , thereby maintaining optical clarity. A Boltwood II meteorological station continuously monitors conditions, automatically closing the dome in response to adverse weather such as high winds or precipitation risks. Performance at the site features good seeing conditions, typically around 0.8 arcseconds, and over 300 clear nights annually, enabling high-precision photometry essential for its primary role in monitoring transits across the . Maintenance is conducted remotely from the in via a VPN connection, with annual on-site visits by the Belgian team and support from ESO staff or local technicians for any mechanical issues; the telescope integrates with ESO infrastructure for shared power supply and an connection to facilitate continuous operation. Unique to its early operations, TRAPPIST-South achieved first light on June 8, 2010, with initial observations focused on photometry tests using specialized filters to detect emissions from molecules like OH, , C₂, and C₃.

TRAPPIST-North

TRAPPIST-North is a 0.6-meter robotic installed at the Observatory in Morocco's Mountains, at an elevation of 2,750 meters above . Its precise coordinates are 31°12′22″N 7°51′29″W. The site was selected for its minimal in a semi-desertic environment, favorable conditions, and close proximity to , which simplifies logistical support and maintenance from the team. The faces distinct environmental challenges, including high winds and seasonal snow accumulation during winter. These conditions necessitate a robust dome design, with the system automatically closing when wind speeds exceed 25 km/h to protect the . The shares the automated control systems of its southern counterpart, enabling remote operations resilient to such weather variability. Observationally, TRAPPIST-North achieves seeing conditions of 1.0–1.5 arcseconds, influenced by local atmospheric , yet benefits from approximately 250 clear nights annually. This performance profile particularly enhances monitoring of celestial targets, including circumpolar fields inaccessible or poorly positioned from southern latitudes. The telescope's installation in 2016 involved complex logistics for transporting the instrument from to , coordinated through international shipping routes and on-site assembly. This effort was undertaken in close partnership with , which manages the Oukaïmeden facility and provided essential local expertise for integration into the existing infrastructure.

Scientific Objectives

Exoplanet Surveys

The primary objective of the TRAPPIST exoplanet surveys is to detect transiting exoplanets orbiting ultracool dwarfs, particularly late-type M-dwarfs and brown dwarfs, to identify small, potentially habitable worlds in close orbits. These targets offer high geometric transit probabilities of approximately 5-10% due to the small radii of the host stars (typically 0.1-0.2 solar radii), which allow Earth-sized planets to produce detectable transit depths of 0.01-0.05 relative to the stellar flux. The surveys prioritize ultracool dwarfs with spectral types M6 to L5 and visual magnitudes brighter than V=14 to ensure sufficient signal-to-noise for detection and feasibility of ground-based follow-up observations. Target selection draws from infrared catalogs such as for near-infrared photometry and proper motions, supplemented by DR2 for , focusing on nearby stars within 50 parsecs to enable detailed characterization with larger telescopes. The survey strategy involves continuous monitoring of 40-50 such targets using the TRAPPIST-South telescope, with each field observed for approximately 50 hours over multiple nights (equivalent to 20-30 nights of data collection) to cover potential short-period orbits of 1-3 days in the of these cool stars. This approach yields a success rate of about 1-2% for detecting multi-planet systems, with an emphasis on planets in or near the habitable zone where orbital periods are short due to the inward-shifted habitable zones around ultracool dwarfs (30-100 times closer than the Solar System's). Transits are detected through high-precision differential photometry, comparing the target star's to nearby reference stars to achieve relative precisions of around 0.5% (median nightly RMS of 0.3-0.8%). An automated applies the Box-fitting algorithm to search for periodic dips, followed by sigma-clipping to remove instrumental artifacts like flares or cosmic rays. False positives are rejected through multi-color follow-up observations in filters such as I+z and z', which help distinguish astrophysical signals from eclipsing binaries or stellar variability. This methodology has established a lower limit of 10% on the occurrence rate of close-in, Earth-sized planets around ultracool dwarfs, informing broader estimates of demographics. As of 2025, TRAPPIST continues to support follow-up observations of its discoveries using facilities like the .

Solar System Observations

In addition to its primary focus on exoplanets, the TRAPPIST telescopes have played a significant secondary role in monitoring small bodies within the Solar System, particularly trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), comets, and asteroids. These observations leverage the telescopes' robotic for continuous, high-cadence , typically employing 10-30 second exposures in the R-band to capture rapid photometric variations, combined with precise to refine orbital ephemerides. Such data are routinely submitted to the International Astronomical Union's (MPC), with hundreds of measurements reported monthly, aiding in the characterization of object sizes, albedos, and dynamics for broader astronomical planning, including missions like to the . A key application involves monitoring Kuiper Belt objects for stellar s to determine physical properties. For instance, TRAPPIST-South observed the 2010 of Eris by a background , revealing a of approximately 1163 km and a high geometric of 0.96±0.05, confirming Eris as comparable in size to but with a brighter surface. Similarly, in 2011, TRAPPIST participated in the multi-site observation of Makemake's , which measured its equivalent diameter at 1430×1502 km and around 0.82, while establishing the absence of a substantial atmosphere through the lack of a clear central flash or refractive effects in the light . These events, rare due to the sparse stellar backgrounds in the ecliptic plane, provided unprecedented constraints on TNO compositions and sizes with kilometer-level precision. TRAPPIST has also contributed to studies through targeted photometry of outbursts and nuclei. Prior to the mission's arrival, TRAPPIST-South conducted extensive monitoring of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in 2014, capturing its pre-perihelion activity at heliocentric distances beyond 3 AU. Using filters for like CN and C₂, the observations detected early dust production rates increasing from 0.2 to 2 kg/s, alongside of the nucleus to estimate its size at about 4×4 km, informing 's approach and highlighting 67P's typical Jupiter-family behavior with gradual activity onset. For asteroids, TRAPPIST facilities have derived lightcurves for approximately 100 small bodies under 50 km in diameter, yielding rotation periods and shape models that refine orbital predictions. Examples include measurements of near-Earth asteroids like (99942) Apophis, revealing a tumbling non-principal axis rotation with periods around 30 and 7 hours, and main-belt targets such as 10 Hygiea, confirming a 27.2-hour period consistent with its elongated shape. These photometric datasets, often spanning multiple nights, support MPC astrometry and enhance ephemeris accuracy for potential hazardous objects and space mission targets.

Key Discoveries

TRAPPIST-1 System

The planetary system was identified through extensive photometric monitoring conducted in 2016 using the , totaling approximately 240 hours of observations on the star 2MASS J23062928-0502285, located at a distance of 12.4 parsecs from . This M8-type star, with a comparable to Jupiter's and an below 2,700 K, revealed multiple transit events indicative of a compact system of Earth-sized planets. Initial analysis detected three transiting planets (b, c, and d) with orbital periods ranging from 1.51 to about 18 days, but follow-up observations quickly uncovered additional signals, leading to the confirmation of seven planets in total by early 2017. The planets, designated b through h, have radii between 0.76 and 1.13 Earth radii (R_⊕), making them among the smallest transiting exoplanets known at the time. The inner six planets (b through g) orbit in periods of 1.51 to 12.35 days, forming a near-resonant chain that suggests dynamical migration during formation, while planet h orbits at approximately 18.8 days. Transit depths range from 0.3% to 0.8%, corresponding to the planets' small sizes relative to the star. Planets e, f, and g lie within or near the of the star, where equilibrium temperatures range from about 200 to 300 , assuming Bond albedos typical of rocky worlds and no significant atmospheres. These temperatures position them as potentially temperate, with possibilities for liquid water if atmospheric conditions allow. Mass estimates derived from transit timing variations (TTVs) yielded planet masses of 0.3 to 1.4 masses (M_⊕), enabling mass-radius models that indicate rocky compositions dominated by silicates and iron, with minimal volatile envelopes. Follow-up spectroscopic observations with the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) on the (VLT) provided additional constraints on the system's stellar activity and planetary signals, refining density estimates to approximately 1–5 g/cm³ across the planets, consistent with terrestrial bodies rather than gaseous ones. Early analyses showed no evidence of significant , such as hydrogen/helium outflows, supporting the stability of potential thin atmospheres on the inner planets. These initial findings were published in in May 2016 for the three-planet discovery and February 2017 for the full system, highlighting as the first known multi-planet system orbiting an star and sparking widespread interest in the of worlds around such faint hosts. The system's proximity and transiting geometry make it a prime target for atmospheric characterization, advancing understanding of planet formation in low-mass stellar environments. As of 2025, follow-up observations with the (JWST) have begun characterizing the atmospheres of planets, revealing no thick hydrogen-helium envelopes on inner planets like b, c, and d, while suggesting possible thin atmospheres or bare rock surfaces; outer planets e, f, and g remain promising for habitable conditions.

Stellar Occultations and Other Findings

In addition to its major discoveries, the telescope has contributed to solar system science through observations of stellar s by distant trans-Neptunian objects. On November 6, 2010, TRAPPIST participated in a multi-site campaign to observe a stellar by the Eris, the most remote solar system body observed via this method at the time (geocentric distance ~96 AU). The from TRAPPIST helped constrain Eris's shape to spherical, yielding a of 2326 ± 12 km and an optical of ~0.96, consistent with a surface dominated by highly reflective ice and confirming its classification. A similar effort occurred on April 23, 2011, when TRAPPIST recorded the of a background star by the . The data provided a size estimate of 1430 ± 14 km (equivalent from semi-major and semi-minor axes of 1430 ± 9 km and 1502 ± 45 km, respectively) and upper limits on any global atmosphere (<4–12 nbar). Combined with contemporaneous lightcurve photometry, these observations refined Makemake's rotation period to ~22 hours, highlighting its slow spin relative to other objects. Beyond these highlights, TRAPPIST has supported diverse findings in and solar system science. By 2025, the project has produced over 50 peer-reviewed publications on such topics, including the characterization of ~10 new small bodies via occultations and photometry.

Contributions to Follow-up Research

The TRAPPIST telescopes have provided critical ground-based support for (JWST) observations of the system by delivering precise ephemerides for planetary transits, essential for scheduling Cycle 1–3 programs from 2022 to 2025. These ephemerides, derived from extensive monitoring of transit timing variations (TTVs), enable accurate predictions of transit windows, allowing JWST's (MIRI) and Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS) to capture high-fidelity during key events. JWST follow-up observations, facilitated by this groundwork, have yielded significant insights into the atmospheres of TRAPPIST-1 planets between 2023 and 2025. For b, secondary and phase curve data indicate no substantial atmosphere, consistent with an airless, low-albedo surface. On d, transmission spectroscopy reveals no Earth-like atmosphere rich in (H₂O), pointing instead to a potentially Venus-like scenario with a thin, CO₂-dominated envelope or high-altitude aerosols, limiting surface pressures to below 10 mbar. For e, NIRSpec/ spectra show hints of a secondary atmosphere, excluding H₂-rich compositions but permitting N₂/CH₄ mixtures that could sustain liquid water, positioning it as a candidate under moderate forcing. Recent 2025 phase curve observations of b and c using JWST/MIRI at 15 μm further constrain their thermal emissions, confirming no thick atmospheres and providing insights into heat redistribution efficiency. TRAPPIST's photometric data have been integrated with archives from TESS and Spitzer to refine baseline models, enhancing TTV constraints to uncertainties below 1 minute and enabling mass determinations with 3–5% precision. This collaborative effort has sharpened dynamical models of the resonant chain, reducing errors and supporting JWST's detection of subtle atmospheric signals amid stellar contamination. These contributions have broadly influenced assessments for M-dwarf , highlighting tidal locking's role in atmospheric retention and the impacts of high stellar on volatile inventories. By 2025, TRAPPIST team members have co-authored over 20 JWST-related publications on the system, solidifying its legacy in probing atmospheres and guiding future missions.

SPECULOOS and Future Extensions

The project, launched in , extends the TRAPPIST prototype survey by deploying a dedicated network of robotic 1-meter telescopes to monitor approximately 1,200 nearby ultracool dwarfs for transiting Earth-sized planets in their habitable zones. The network's core consists of four telescopes at the SPECULOOS Southern Observatory (SSO) in Chile's Paranal region—named Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—and one at the Northern Observatory (SNO) in the ' , supplemented by the SAINT-EX 1-meter telescope in for broader sky coverage. TRAPPIST-South functioned as the operational prototype for since , providing foundational data reduction techniques and software pipelines that were adapted for the larger network to ensure seamless, automated photometry and transit detection. aims to identify dozens of temperate terrestrial s around these faint stars, prioritizing those amenable to atmospheric studies that could reveal biosignatures, thereby supporting upcoming ESA missions like for exoplanet characterization and for transit surveys of habitable worlds. The project received initial funding from the (ERC) under the EU's Seventh Framework Programme via a €2 million Starting Grant to Michaël Gillon, with ongoing support from and collaborations involving institutions such as the Universities of Cambridge and Birmingham, MIT, and Swiss partners including the University of Bern and . As of 2025, after five years of operations, continues to refine its survey strategies and integrate new data, with potential expansions focused on improving sensitivity to fainter targets and enhancing global coverage for uninterrupted monitoring.

References

  1. https://bina.oma.be/tele_trappist.html
  2. https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/
  3. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhCS.869a2079M/abstract
  4. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1615/
  5. https://science.nasa.gov/exoplanets/trappist1/
  6. https://oxsci.org/trappist-1-are-we-alone-in-the-universe/
  7. https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.145-sep11/messenger-no145-2-6.pdf
  8. https://arxiv.org/abs/1101.5807
  9. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2012/06/aa18817-12.pdf
  10. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5330437/
  11. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253585629_TRAPPIST_TRAnsiting_Planets_and_PlanetesImals_Small_Telescope
  12. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1023/
  13. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2018/11/aa33582-18/aa33582-18.html
  14. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Top-Transit-of-TrES-3b-observed-on-01-June-2016-by-TRAPPIST-North-in-the-I-z_fig1_318353919
  15. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1706/
  16. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.06548
  17. https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/lasilla/astclim/seeing.html
  18. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0463-7
  19. https://www.trappist.uliege.be/cms/c_5285932/en/trappist-equipment
  20. https://www.eso.org/sci/meetings/2012/OPSII/Contributions/Talks/Day3/Session2_EJehin.pdf
  21. https://events.spacepole.be/event/48/attachments/202/497/18bina_Presentation_IR09_Jehin.pdf
  22. https://www.epj-conferences.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2011/01/epjconf_ohp2010_06002.pdf
  23. https://matheo.uliege.be/bitstream/2268.2/9956/4/master_thesis.pdf
  24. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2013/04/aa20924-12/aa20924-12.html
  25. https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/
  26. https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/dark-skies-preservation/
  27. http://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.145-sep11/messenger-no145-2-6.pdf
  28. https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2022/09/aa42493-21/aa42493-21.html
  29. https://www.trappist.uliege.be/cms/c_5285930/en/site
  30. https://www.eso.org/sci/publications/messenger/archive/no.174-dec18/messenger-no174.pdf
  31. https://matheo.uliege.be/bitstream/2268.2/5023/4/mthesis_marin_ferrais.pdf
  32. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233735303_Optical_seeing_monitoring_at_the_Oukaimeden_in_the_Moroccan_high_atlas_mountains_First_statistics
  33. https://www.africanastronomicalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Said_Hmiddouch.pdf
  34. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.07278.pdf
  35. https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/nasa-webb-looks-at-earth-sized-habitable-zone-exoplanet-trappist-1-e/
  36. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1142/
  37. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1246/
  38. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/469/Suppl_2/S222/3964529
  39. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103514000578
  40. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature17448
  41. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21360
  42. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/adf207
  43. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-025-02712-6
  44. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/abd022
  45. https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02128
  46. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/adf207
  47. https://science.nasa.gov/missions/webb/webb-narrows-atmospheric-possibilities-for-earth-sized-exoplanet-trappist-1-d/
  48. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/adf62e
  49. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20210000129/downloads/Agol_2021_Planet._Sci._J._2_1_Refining.Trappist1.pdf
  50. https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.13826
  51. https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/trappist_1_b--2630/
  52. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/adf42e
  53. https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1839/
  54. https://www.speculoos.uliege.be/cms/c_4259393/en/speculoos-home
  55. https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/148058/1144521.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
  56. https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/esac-trainees/hunting-for-exoplanets-providing-ground-based-support-for-esa-s-space-fleet
  57. https://www.news.uliege.be/cms/c_9764912/en/two-uliege-astrophysicists-supported-by-the-european-research-council-to-detect-exoplanets-comparable-to-the-earth
  58. https://www.speculoos.uliege.be/cms/c_4259452/en/speculoos
  59. https://astrobiology.com/2025/06/speculoos-five-years-hunting-terrestrial-planets-around-ultra-cool-dwarfs.html
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.