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Triumph Tour
Triumph Tour
Triumph Tour
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Triumph Tour
Tour by the Jacksons
Poster to an extra concert in Inglewood, USA
LocationNorth America
Associated album
Start dateJuly 8, 1981
End dateSeptember 26, 1981
No. of shows46
Box officeUS $5.5 million ($19.02 million in 2024 dollars)[1]
The Jacksons tour chronology

The Triumph Tour was a concert tour by the Jacksons, covering the United States and Canada from July 8 to September 26, 1981. The tour grossed a total of $5.5 million ($19 million in 2024), setting a record breaking four sold out concerts in Inglewood, California.[2]

History

[edit]

By 1981, the Jacksons had regained success as a platinum-selling recording group with two albums, Destiny (1978) and Triumph (1980). Additionally, lead singer Michael Jackson was in the final stages of promoting his 1979 multi-platinum album, Off the Wall. This tour allowed Michael to bring in new show production ideas more to his liking. Inspired by Earth, Wind & Fire's live shows, Michael created the costumes and designed the stage. It was on this tour that he first wore his sequined glove, which later became world-famous after his Motown 25 performance. He and his brothers also collaborated on an intro that signaled similarities to their "Can You Feel It" music video. As it had been for many years, the choreography was done by Michael, Jackie and Marlon Jackson. The shows included magical elements designed by Doug Henning—for example, Michael disappearing in smoke during "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough".[3][4][5]

Touring tenure

[edit]

The Triumph Tour began in Memphis, Tennessee, and ended with a sold-out week of shows in Inglewood. Each show earned highly positive reviews, in part due to Michael's leadership and showmanship. His brothers also earned praise, particularly for Randy's and Tito's musicality, and Marlon's dance ability. The tour marked the last truly integrated group effort, as Michael's solo career would soon eclipse his success with his brothers. The tour was so well-received and popular that Epic had the brothers record a variety of shows, and compile them for an upcoming live release. It is rumored[citation needed] that the tracks were recorded during stops in Memphis, New York City, Buffalo and Providence. The live album, The Jacksons Live!, came out in the winter of 1981, and went gold in its initial run. Current sales are two million.[citation needed]

After the tour ended, Michael went back to record Thriller, his follow-up to Off the Wall (1979). It would be three years before the Jacksons would go back on the road again. Rolling Stone later named the Triumph Tour one of the best 25 tours between 1967 and 1987. To showcase the success of the Triumph Tour, Michael Jackson commented that it was their first show without any marginal material. Michael patterned the Victory Tour (1984) and his Bad World Tour (1987–1989) after the Triumph tour.[citation needed]

Stage

[edit]

The stage was dark and had three groups of strobe lights, all of them containing different colors of lights, facing the stage diagonally. The stage also had a spotlight that followed the main performers. In addition to the lighting, the musicians played their instruments on fixtures (the horn section to the left of the stage, the drums to the center, and keyboards to the right; with the exception of the guitarists and Randy Jackson who played the piano, keyboards, and different percussions).

Opening act

[edit]


Tour dates

[edit]

The tour dates are adapted from both The Jacksons: Legacy[6] and Michael Jackson FAQ: All That's Left to Know About the King of Pop,[7] although there are sources that state that some shows took place on different days.[a]

List of 1981 tour dates, showing date, city, country and venue[11][7][6][12]
Date (1981) City Country Venue
July 8[6] Memphis United States Mid-South Coliseum
July 10 Oklahoma City Myriad Convention Center
July 11 Dallas Reunion Arena
July 12 Houston The Summit
July 15 San Antonio HemisFair Arena
July 17 Baton Rouge Riverside Centroplex Arena
July 18 Mobile Mobile Municipal Auditorium
July 22 Atlanta Omni Coliseum
July 24 Greensboro Greensboro Coliseum
July 25 Charlotte Charlotte Coliseum
July 26 Hampton Hampton Coliseum
July 28 Lakeland Lakeland Civic Center
July 31 Landover Capital Centre
August 1
August 2 Buffalo Buffalo Memorial Auditorium
August 4 Montreal Canada Montreal Forum
August 5 Toronto Maple Leaf Gardens
August 7 Uniondale United States Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum
August 8 Cincinnati Riverfront Coliseum
August 9 Richfield Richfield Coliseum
August 13 Pittsburgh Civic Arena
August 14 Philadelphia Spectrum
August 15 Hartford Hartford Civic Center
August 16 Providence Providence Civic Center
August 18 New York City Madison Square Garden
August 19
August 21 Detroit Joe Louis Arena
August 22 Indianapolis Market Square Arena
August 23 Trotwood Hara Arena
August 26 Milwaukee MECCA Arena
August 28 Chicago Chicago Stadium
August 29 Lexington Rupp Arena
August 31 Nashville Nashville Municipal Auditorium
September 1 Kansas City Kemper Arena
September 2 St. Louis Checkerdome
September 3 Denver McNichols Sports Arena
September 5 Chicago Chicago Stadium
September 6 Winchester Las Vegas Convention Center
September 8 San Diego San Diego Sports Arena
September 10 Daly City Cow Palace
September 15 Tempe ASU Activity Center
September 18 Inglewood The Forum
September 19
September 22 Oakland Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena
September 25 Inglewood The Forum
September 26

Box office score data

[edit]
Venue City Tickets sold / available Gross revenue
Mid-South Coliseum Memphis 11,999 / 11,999 $118,528
Reunion Arena Dallas 15,602 / 15,602 $153,252
Lakeland Civic Center Lakeland 10,000 / 10,000 $107,000
Buffalo Memorial Auditorium Buffalo 11,000 / 11,000 $115,000
Riverfront Coliseum Cincinnati 15,898 / 15,898 $166,038
Omni Coliseum Atlanta 15,667 / 15,667 $163,773
Spectrum Philadelphia 17,842 / 17,842 $224,881
Hartford Civic Center Hartford 11,153 / 11,153 $121,490
Providence Civic Center Providence 13,000 / 13,000 $146,000
ASU Activity Center Tempe 7,230 / 14,000 $75,915
The Forum Inglewood 55,000 / 55,000 $633,029
Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena Oakland 12,435 / 14,000 $149,633
Total 196,826 / 205,161 (95%) $2,174,539

Personnel

[edit]
The Jacksons
Band
  • David Williams – guitar
  • Bill Wolfer[13] – synthesizer
  • Mike McKinney – bass
  • Jonathan Moffett – drums
  • Wesley Phillips, Cloris Grimes, Alan (Funt) Prater, Roderick (Mac) McMorris – horns (East Coast Horns)

Footnotes

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Triumph Tour

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Triumph Tour was a major by the Jacksons, the and R&B group consisting of brothers Jackie, Tito, Marlon, Michael, and , performed across in 1981. Named after the group's 1980 album Triumph, the tour highlighted their transition from roots to contemporary pop-soul sounds on , blending high-energy , elaborate stage production, and Michael's commanding tenor vocals as the focal point of the performances. Key stops included two sold-out nights at in on August 18 and 19, 1981—their first appearances there since 1974—drawing massive crowds with a spectacle of rhythmic precision and crowd-pleasing hits. Recordings from the tour formed the basis of the double live album The Jacksons Live!, released in November 1981, capturing the group's dynamic stage presence during this pivotal era. As Michael's final tour with his brothers before his blockbuster solo album Thriller in 1982, the Triumph Tour marked a triumphant peak in the Jacksons' collective career, bridging their family band legacy with emerging solo stardom.

Background and Development

Album Promotion

The Jacksons' thirteenth studio album, Destiny, was released on December 18, 1978, by , marking their first self-produced effort after departing . The album peaked at number 11 on the chart and number 3 on the Top Soul LPs chart, achieving gold certification from the RIAA on May 8, 1979, for 500,000 units sold in the United States and exceeding four million copies worldwide. A key single from Destiny, "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)"—co-written and co-produced by Michael and —reached number 7 on the and number 3 on the Hot Soul Singles chart, contributing significantly to the album's commercial momentum. The follow-up album, Triumph, arrived on October 18, 1980, also via , and further showcased the group's creative independence with taking a prominent role in songwriting and production. It peaked at number 10 on the and topped the Top Black LPs chart, earning platinum certification from the RIAA on December 10, 1980, for 1,000,000 U.S. sales while surpassing one million copies sold worldwide by the time the tour began. Standout tracks included "," co-written by Michael and , which peaked at number 12 on the Hot 100, number 2 on the Hot Singles chart, and number 1 on the Dance/Disco Top 80 chart; "Can You Feel It," penned by Michael and , which hit number 77 on the Hot 100 but reached number 6 in the UK; and "This Place Hotel" (originally titled ""), solely written by Michael, attaining number 22 on the Hot 100 and number 2 on the Hot Singles chart. The Triumph Tour, launched in July 1981, directly served as a promotional platform for Triumph, emphasizing its fresh material to capitalize on the album's post-release visibility and drive further sales amid Michael's rising solo profile from . Performances spotlighted Triumph tracks like "Can You Feel It" and "This Place Hotel" as high-energy closers, integrating them with group hits to sustain audience engagement and album relevance. Michael's expanded contributions to Triumph—including lead vocals on most songs, co-production with his brothers, and writing credits on six of nine tracks—highlighted his evolving artistry, bridging the group's sound with his individualistic style and presaging his solo dominance. During tour rehearsals, Michael introduced his signature sequined on his right hand, inspired by editing visuals that echoed Triumph's futuristic artwork and thematic motifs of unity and spectacle, adding a personal flair that amplified his stage presence and tied into the record's promotional aesthetic.

Tour Conception and Planning

The Triumph Tour was announced in early 1981 as The Jacksons' first major concert outing since their 1979 Destiny Tour, marking a return to the stage to capitalize on the success of their album Triumph. The tour was planned to encompass 46 shows across the and , scheduled from July 8 to September 26, with a focus on large arena venues including in and The Forum in . Promoter was involved in the tour's organization, bringing his experience from high-profile events to the production logistics. A distinctive feature in the planning was the incorporation of magical illusions crafted by illusionist , driven by Michael Jackson's passion for theatrical spectacle and innovative stage effects to elevate the live experience. The tour generated significant buzz at a June 1981 , where it was positioned as a triumphant showcase tied to the Triumph album, with initial ticket prices ranging from $15 to $17.50 to reflect the production's ambitious scale.

Production Elements

Stage and Lighting Design

The stage design for the Triumph Tour adopted a dark, modernistic aesthetic to heighten the drama of the performances, featuring three groups of multicolored strobe lights positioned diagonally toward the stage for dynamic visual impact. This setup, combined with modernistic staging crafted by M2 Research in , created an immersive environment that emphasized the band's synchronized movements and Michael's commanding presence. Lighting was handled by designer Delton Ross, whose work contributed to a futuristic rock-soul atmosphere through strategic illumination that highlighted costume elements like Michael's sequined white glove, which caught and reflected the beams during key moments. The production opened with the short film The Triumph, directed by Robert Abel, projecting onto the darkened stage to build anticipation before the band emerged. Special effects elevated the visual spectacle, incorporating pyrotechnics for explosive energy during transitions and illusions devised by magician Doug Henning. A notable example occurred in "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough," where Michael appeared to switch sides of the stage instantaneously via a suspended, draped cage accompanied by a smoking flame effect reminiscent of an Olympic torch. These elements, integrated with quick modular adjustments for arena logistics, ensured seamless transitions across the tour's 38 dates while maintaining a cohesive, high-tech vibe.

Setlist and Performances

The Triumph Tour featured a standard setlist of around 12 principal songs, expanding to 15–18 when accounting for medley components and instrumental breaks, blending tracks from the Jacksons' Triumph album, Michael Jackson's solo Off the Wall, and their Jackson 5 catalog. Concerts opened with the explosive "Can You Feel It," a highlight from Triumph that energized audiences with its orchestral funk arrangement and synchronized group choreography. The set progressed through "Things I Do for You," Michael Jackson's "Off the Wall" and "Ben," and an extended rendition of "This Place Hotel" (also known as "Heartbreak Hotel"), before transitioning to a poignant solo ballad, "She's Out of My Life." Central to the performances was a Jackson 5 medley—"I Want You Back," "ABC," "The Love You Save," and "I'll Be There"—which evoked the group's early Motown roots and often served as a climactic encore segment, eliciting massive crowd sing-alongs. Michael Jackson's solo numbers, including "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough" and "Working Day and Night," showcased extended jams with intricate dance routines featuring sharp spins, slides, and group formations that foreshadowed his later moonwalk innovation. During these, Jackson debuted his signature single white rhinestone glove on his right hand, adding visual flair to the high-energy sequences and marking an early evolution in his stage persona. The show closed with the disco-infused "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)," from the prior Destiny album, delivering a euphoric finale with full-band grooves and audience participation. Standout elements included Tito Jackson's fiery guitar solo during "This Place Hotel," highlighting his blues-rock influences, and Randy Jackson's versatile contributions on congas and , providing rhythmic depth to tracks like the medley and "." Stage illusions briefly enhanced specific songs, such as dramatic lighting and positioning during "This Place Hotel," amplifying the theatrical atmosphere. Minor setlist variations occurred across the 38 dates, maintaining consistency while allowing for improvisational extensions in jams. Concerts typically ran 2 to 2.5 hours, balancing high production values with intimate crowd engagement.

Itinerary and Logistics

Schedule and Venues

The Triumph Tour spanned from July 8, 1981, when it opened at the in , to its conclusion on September 26, 1981, at The Forum in , featuring a total of 44 performances exclusively in the United States and . The itinerary emphasized a dense schedule of arena shows across major North American cities, prioritizing domestic travel logistics to maintain momentum without international extensions. Key highlights included an early leg in the South, with dates in Memphis on July 8, on July 11, and on July 22, followed by a Midwestern push through cities like and in late August and early September. In the Northeast, the group played two nights at in on August 18 and 19, capturing high-energy urban audiences. A Canadian stop occurred on August 5 at in , , underscoring the tour's cross-border scope. The final leg centered on the West Coast, culminating in four shows at The Forum on September 18, 19, 25, and 26, providing a grand close to the summer-long run. Venues were selected as mid-sized arenas typically seating 15,000 to 20,000 spectators, valued for their strong acoustic properties and central locations that enhanced fan access in hubs like Chicago's Stadium on September 5. This setup allowed for intimate yet expansive productions, with the schedule structured to allow brief recoveries between high-demand multi-night residencies.

Opening Acts

The opening acts for the Triumph Tour served to energize audiences with soul and funk-infused performances that aligned with The Jacksons' R&B and pop sound, typically delivering 30–45 minute sets of covers and original material to heighten anticipation for the headliners. A key figure in this role was , the 14-year-old R&B singer who opened for the group on many dates, bringing youthful energy through her hits like "" and building a seamless transition to the main setlist. Lattisaw's involvement helped showcase emerging talent while warming up crowds for the high-production spectacle that followed. The tour employed no single consistent opener, instead varying acts by region to promote local and up-and-coming R&B artists, resulting in multiple different performers across the 44 shows. These choices not only diversified the bill but also fostered duets or medley transitions into Jacksons' hits like "Can You Feel It" on occasion. Logistically, opening acts integrated efficiently by sharing the tour's stage technology and crew, but maintained separate lighting cues to control costs and ensure smooth handoffs without technical overlaps. This approach allowed for dynamic shows while keeping production streamlined across North American venues.

Commercial Performance

Box Office Data

The Triumph Tour generated a total gross of $5.5 million from 44 shows across , equivalent to approximately $19.6 million in 2025 dollars when adjusted for inflation. Among major venues, the two performances at in contributed significantly to the total gross. The highest-grossing individual shows occurred at The Forum in , where each of the four nights exceeded $150,000 in revenue, with all dates selling out and marking a milestone for consecutive sold-out performances at the venue. These figures are derived from contemporary boxscore reports tracking concert earnings and attendance during the 1981 tour season. Overall tour gross was calculated based on an average ticket price range of $15 to $17.50 per seat multiplied by reported , representing unadjusted receipts prior to production costs or other expenses.

Attendance and Gross Revenue

The Triumph Tour achieved peak during its sold-out run at the Forum in , where four consecutive nights drew a total of 82,000 fans, underscoring the group's drawing power in major markets. In comparison to the Jackson 5's tours of the 1970s, which primarily played theaters and smaller arenas, the Triumph Tour solidified The Jacksons' transition to arena headliners and reflected their evolution from family act to mature pop powerhouse. Achieving a high sell-out rate across its 44 dates, the tour demonstrated its commercial viability amid a competitive landscape.

Personnel

The Jacksons Lineup

The Jacksons' lineup for the Triumph Tour featured the five brothers: as lead vocalist and choreographer, handling vocals and percussion, on guitar and vocals, contributing vocals and percussion, and on keyboards and vocals. Randy had joined the group in 1975 upon their departure from to , replacing older brother , who stayed behind due to his commitments with the label. Michael commanded center stage with his soaring falsettos, blues-inflected leads, and energetic , including high kicks and twirls that highlighted his showmanship, while his siblings added rich harmonic backing vocals throughout the set. Tito provided key guitar accents, such as matching Michael's phrasing note-for-note during performances of "Can You Feel It," enhancing the group's rhythmic drive. Marlon supported the visual dynamics through synchronized alongside his vocal and percussion roles. This configuration marked the final major tour for The Jacksons before Michael's solo ascent with the 1982 release of Thriller, after which the group's activities shifted significantly. The core lineup was supported by a professional band that included guitarist David Williams and drummer , bolstering the overall sound.

Supporting Musicians and Crew

The supporting musicians for The Jacksons' Triumph Tour formed a tight-knit ensemble that enhanced the group's dynamic stage presence with professional instrumentation and vocal support. David Williams served as lead guitarist, contributing intricate riffs and energetic solos that amplified tracks like "Can You Feel It" and "This Place Hotel." Bill Wolfer played and keyboards, infusing contemporary electronic textures into medley performances of classics such as "ABC," where his synth layers added a fresh, pulsating edge to the upbeat arrangement. The East Coast Horns section, including Wesley Phillips on trumpet, Cloris Grimes on , Alan Prater on trombone, and Roderick Grant on , delivered bold brass accents under arrangements by , elevating the tour's horn-driven numbers with precision and flair. Additional band members included Mike McKinney on bass and on drums, whose rhythmic foundation drove the high-energy delivery of the setlist, allowing the brothers to focus on choreography and vocals while maintaining seamless transitions between hits and newer material. The production crew played a crucial role in executing the tour's elaborate elements. directed the illusions, designing standout effects like the floating pyramid that appeared during key sequences, adding a theatrical dimension to the shows. Sound engineering was managed by the Showco team, ensuring clear audio across large arenas, while road managers coordinated the logistics for the 44-date North American itinerary, handling transportation, setup, and on-site operations for the traveling production. Prior to the tour's July 1981 launch, the full band—including the supporting musicians—rehearsed intensively for six weeks in , , refining arrangements and integrating the expanded instrumentation to support the Jacksons' core performances. This preparation enabled the ensemble to deliver polished, high-octane renditions that blended the group's familial vocal synergy with professional backing, creating an immersive live experience for audiences.

Reception and Legacy

Critical and Fan Response

The Triumph Tour garnered enthusiastic praise from contemporary critics for its elaborate spectacle, high-energy performances, and innovative production elements. Publications such as and highlighted the show's dynamic energy and visual grandeur, with later referencing it as a pinnacle of live in reissue coverage of related material. A review of the Buffalo concert described the Jacksons as "the real thing," commending Michael's whirling dervish-like and the group's polished showmanship across the setlist, while noting the crowd's rapt attention to the and illusions. Fan accounts from the era emphasized overwhelming enthusiasm, particularly for Michael's intricate dances and stage presence, with reports of crowds exceeding 16,000 in venues like engaging in fervent chanting and screaming during key numbers such as "Can You Feel It." Some attendees noted minor critiques regarding pacing in the longer sets, where transitions between high-octane songs occasionally felt drawn out amid the elaborate staging. The accompanying live album The Jacksons Live! (1981), captured during tour stops in cities including Buffalo and , was lauded for preserving the tour's vibrant essence through raw, energetic renditions of hits like "" and "Things I Do for You." It peaked at No. 30 on the chart and achieved gold certification from the RIAA in September 1995 for sales of 500,000 units. Particular acclaim went to magician Doug Henning's illusions—such as Michael's mid-song disappearance in smoke during "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough"—deemed innovative yet sometimes at risk of overshadowing the musical focus.

Cultural Impact and Controversies

The Triumph Tour represented the culmination of The Jacksons' collaborative era, serving as their final major group outing before Michael Jackson's solo career dominated with the release of Thriller in 1982. The tour showcased the brothers' tight-knit performance dynamic and Michael's emerging command of the stage, blending high-energy choreography, elaborate lighting, and innovative illusions that foreshadowed the spectacle-driven arena shows of the . By grossing $5.5 million and drawing over 600,000 attendees across 42 dates, it underscored the group's enduring popularity while amplifying hype for Jackson's individual trajectory. The accompanying live album, The Jacksons Live!, captured the tour's vitality and achieved gold certification from the RIAA for 500,000 units sold in the United States, establishing 1981 as a transitional pinnacle in the Jacksons' discography. This release not only preserved key performances from albums like Triumph and Destiny but also highlighted Jackson's vocal range and medleys, contributing to the group's legacy as pioneers of pop-R&B fusion in live settings. A remastered vinyl reissue of the album was released in , renewing appreciation for the tour's recordings. Retrospectives, including footage featured in Spike Lee's 2016 documentary Michael Jackson's Journey from to , emphasize the tour's role in demonstrating Jackson's pre-Thriller prowess and the brothers' synchronized spectacle. While the tour enjoyed widespread acclaim without the logistical scandals that marred later efforts like the 1984 Victory Tour, underlying family dynamics began to strain as Michael's solo earning potential outpaced the group. Promoter disputes remained minimal. In 2025, ongoing Jacksons projects, including an announced eight-part documentary series, have prompted renewed appreciation for the tour as an underrated chapter in Jackson family history.

References

  1. https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/20/arts/pop-the-jacksons-perform-at-garden.html
  2. https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/jacksons-reissues-1120068/
  3. https://www.billboard.com/lists/michael-jackson-top-songs-billboard-hot-100/
  4. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/05/movies/review-michael-jackson-before-he-was-king.html
  5. https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/music/features/michael-jackson-s-one-white-glove-rhodri-marsden-s-interesting-objects-no-105-a6934371.html
  6. https://www.michaeljackson.com/news/songs-from-both-michael-jacksons-off-the-wall-and-the-jacksons-triumph-albums-are-performed-on-the-jacksons-triumph-tour/
  7. https://www.michaeljackson.com/news/michael-jackson-off-stage-on-the-triumph-tour/
  8. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/80961884.pdf
  9. https://www.michaeljackson.com/news/michael-jackson-on-triumph-tour-in-1981/
  10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AUWHX8Mfr4
  11. https://www.lipstickalley.com/threads/billboard-magazine-review-of-the-triumph-tour-in-1981.530414/
  12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wv2o7heVX_Y
  13. https://www.setlist.fm/stats/average-setlist/the-jacksons-13d6b99d.html?tour=bdee1fe
  14. https://www.setlist.fm/setlist/the-jacksons/1981/the-summit-houston-tx-7bd24250.html
  15. https://www.collectorsweekly.com/articles/michael-jacksons-iconic-glove/
  16. https://www.setlist.fm/setlist/the-jacksons/1981/the-forum-inglewood-ca-6bd2422a.html
  17. https://jacksondynasty.net/2018/09/23/triumph-tour-1981/
  18. https://thejacksons.fandom.com/wiki/Triumph_Tour
  19. https://www.setlist.fm/setlist/the-jacksons/1981/the-omni-atlanta-ga-63d24247.html
  20. https://www.setlist.fm/setlist/the-jacksons/1981/madison-square-garden-new-york-ny-7bd24244.html
  21. https://www.setlist.fm/setlist/the-jacksons/1981/madison-square-garden-new-york-ny-63d2423b.html
  22. https://www.setlist.fm/setlist/the-jacksons/1981/maple-leaf-gardens-toronto-on-canada-33c0d411.html
  23. https://www.setlist.fm/setlist/the-jacksons/1981/the-forum-inglewood-ca-63d2422b.html
  24. https://www.concertarchives.org/concerts/michael-jackson-the-jacksons-d5560d95-1076-46c8-8e66-7b8ec1b5dcbc
  25. https://www.setlist.fm/setlist/the-jacksons/1981/chicago-stadium-chicago-il-63d24233.html
  26. https://blogcritics.org/interview-stacy-lattisaw-not-the-same/
  27. https://www.amazon.com/Jacksons-Legacy-Jacksons-Fred-Bronson/dp/0316473731
  28. https://michael-jackson.fandom.com/wiki/Triumph_Tour
  29. https://www.heraldmailmedia.com/story/entertainment/2021/03/19/the-jacksons-announce-three-more-expanded-digital-editions-of-their-last-three-albums/43718747/
  30. https://albumism.com/features/the-jacksons-triumph-album-anniversary
  31. https://www.discogs.com/master/160675-The-Jacksons-Live
  32. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmkzad3TMg8
  33. https://www.discogs.com/release/10336227-The-Jacksons-Live
  34. https://doughenningproject.com/category/illusions/
  35. https://www.discogs.com/release/11633821-Jacksons-Live
  36. https://jacksondynasty.net/2022/02/21/michaels-timeline-1981/
  37. https://www.instagram.com/p/DAO9EFUSALL/
  38. https://www.mjjcommunity.com/threads/triumph-tour-appreciation.52131/
  39. https://tsort.info/music/0xan7y.htm
  40. https://www.legacyrecordings.com/2021/03/19/expanded-digital-editions-of-the-jacksons-studio-albums-triumph-victory-and-2300-jackson-street-out-friday-april-30/
  41. https://www.mjvibe.com/the-jacksons-to-release-a-docu-series-and-a-new-album/
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