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Whitfield Cook
Whitfield Cook
Whitfield Cook
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George Whitfield Cook III (April 9, 1909 – November 12, 2003) was an American writer of screenplays, stage plays, short stories and novels, best known for his contributions to two Alfred Hitchcock films, Stage Fright and Strangers on a Train. He also wrote scripts for several TV series, including Suspense, Climax! and Playhouse 90.[1]

Key Information

Life and career

[edit]

George Whitfield Cook III was born on April 9, 1909, in Montclair, New Jersey, the son of engineer George Whitfield Cook Jr., and his wife, the former Hortense Heyse. He began writing short stories as a child and later cited Walter de la Mare and Virginia Woolf as major influences.[2] He attended and graduated from the Yale School of Drama.

Cook began his career as a writer in the late thirties with stories in The American Mercury, Story and Cosmopolitan.[3] One of these stories, "The Unfaithful," won an O. Henry Award in the "Best First-Published" category in 1943.[4]

In the early forties, Cook wrote a series of stories for Redbook about a precocious teenage girl named Violet who helps to untangle her father's love life.[5] In 1944 he dramatized these in a play called Violet. The play, which Cook also directed, only ran on Broadway for 23 performances,[6] but it starred Patricia Hitchcock as Violet, and brought Cook to the attention of her father, Alfred Hitchcock.[3]

In 1945, Cook headed to Hollywood, where he was partnered with Ann Morrison Chapin on a trio of film scripts that starred June Allyson. He made his debut with the romantic comedy The Sailor Takes a Wife (1945) and followed with the psychological drama The Secret Heart (1946) and the wartime romance High Barbaree (1947).[2]

Cook then worked with Hitchcock and his wife, Alma Reville, on Stage Fright (1950) and Strangers on a Train (1951). Cook's treatment for Strangers on a Train is usually given credit for heightening the film's homoerotic subtext (only hinted at in the novel) and the softening of the villain, Bruno, from the coarse alcoholic of the book into a dapper, charming mama's boy.[7]

For his work on Stage Fright, Cook was nominated for a 1951 Edgar Allan Poe Award in the Best Motion Picture category.[8]

For the remainder of the 1950s, Cook worked in television, contributing scripts to series such as Studio One in Hollywood, Suspense, Front Row Center, Playhouse 90, Colgate Theatre, Climax!, Have Gun – Will Travel and 77 Sunset Strip.[1]

Cook wrote four books:

  • Violet, 1942, a collection of the Redbook stories[9]
  • Roman Comedy: An Impolite Extravaganza (published in paperback as A Night with Mr. Primrose), 1951, a novel about a film star who travels to Italy to make a movie[9]
  • Taxi to Dubrovnik, 1981, a novel about three idle, vacationing Americans traveling by hired car from Athens to Dubrovnik.[10]
  • A Choice of Disguises, 2003, a novel[11]

Legacy

[edit]

In the 2012 film Hitchcock, Cook was portrayed by Danny Huston as a charmer trying to persuade Hitchcock's wife, Alma Reville, into having an extra-marital affair during the filming of Psycho.[12] Several published Hitchcock biographies document this as accurate from Cook's private diaries.

New Dramatists annually bestows a Whitfield Cook Award to a playwright for the best unproduced, unpublished play, as determined by a jury.[13]

References

[edit]
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Whitfield Cook

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George Whitfield Cook III (April 9, 1909 – November 12, 2003) was an American writer renowned for his screenplays, stage plays, novels, and short stories, with notable contributions to two films. Born in , to engineer George W. Cook and Hortense Heyse, Cook pursued a literary career that spanned decades, beginning with his short story collection Violet in 1942 and his Broadway debut with the play adaptation Violet in 1944. His Hollywood breakthrough came in 1945 with the screenplay for The Sailor Takes a Wife, followed by other films such as The Secret Heart (1946) and Big City (1948). Cook's most celebrated works were his screenplays for Hitchcock's (1950) and Strangers on a Train (1951), where he collaborated closely with the director and his , . Beyond cinema, he wrote for television anthologies like and Climax!, and published additional novels including Roman Comedy (1951) and Taxi to Dubrovnik (1981). Cook's personal life included marriage to Elizabeth Heiskell and fatherhood to a , George. He resided in , at the time of his death from cardiac complications at age 94. His extensive papers, including manuscripts, correspondence with figures like Hitchcock and , diaries from 1935 to 1984, and photographs, are preserved in the G. Whitfield Cook collection at .

Early life and education

Childhood and family background

George Whitfield Cook III was born on April 9, 1909, in . He was the son of George Whitfield Cook Jr., an engineer, and Hortense Heyse Cook. The Cook family resided in the affluent suburbs of northern , where Cook's father's engineering profession provided a stable environment. Cook spent his early childhood in Montclair, shaping his formative years in this upscale town up through adolescence.

Literary influences and early writing

Whitfield Cook began writing short stories as a child, drawing inspiration from the environment of his family in . Among the key literary influences on his early work were the British authors and , whom Cook later cited as shaping his approach to narrative subtlety and psychological depth. De la Mare's evocative, atmospheric tales of the informed Cook's interest in understated mystery, while Woolf's innovative exploration of inner lives and domestic tensions influenced his focus on interpersonal dynamics and emotional nuance in everyday settings. Cook's pre-collegiate writing experiments included numerous unpublished short stories, honing his craft through personal exploration before his first professional publication in 1936. These early pieces often revolved around themes of mystery and domestic intrigue. By 1938, his work appeared in prestigious anthologies such as The Best Short Stories, signaling the growing recognition of his initial creative output.

Formal education

Whitfield Cook received his formal education at the Yale School of Drama, enrolling in the late 1920s or early 1930s and graduating with a degree around 1931, as part of the program's inaugural graduating class for that degree. Under the leadership of George Pierce Baker, the department's first chairman from 1925 to 1933, the curriculum emphasized practical training in dramatic technique, playwriting, directing, and production elements, fostering students' skills through courses, workshops, and university theater productions. This rigorous program, which integrated historical study with hands-on theatrical practice, directly shaped Cook's foundational expertise and fueled his ambitions in professional playwriting and stage work. Following graduation, Cook relocated to , where his Yale-honed abilities in playwriting and stage management positioned him to enter the competitive Broadway scene.

Writing career

Broadway and theater work

Whitfield Cook entered professional theater in , initially working behind the scenes as a stage manager on Broadway productions. His early credits included serving as assistant stage manager for The Man Who Reclaimed His Head in 1932 and stage manager for Madame Capet, a short-lived that opened and closed in October 1938 after just seven performances. These roles honed his understanding of production logistics, drawing on his training at Yale University's Department of . Cook made his Broadway debut as a playwright and director with Violet in 1944, adapting his own short story collection of the same name, published by Coward-McCann in 1942. The comedy, presented in three acts and set in the living room of a remodeled farmhouse, follows the antics of a precocious teenage girl named Violet as she navigates and influences her father's romantic complications. Starring Patricia Hitchcock—daughter of filmmaker —in the title role, the production opened at the on October 24, 1944, under Cook's direction, with Albert Margolies as producer. Featuring a cast that included Helen Claire as Lily Foster and in a supporting role, Violet earned praise for its witty dialogue but struggled commercially. Despite positive elements, Violet ran for only 23 performances before closing on , 1944, exemplifying the challenges Cook faced in Broadway's competitive landscape during the . Short runs like this, compounded by wartime economic pressures and audience preferences shifting toward lighter fare, limited opportunities for extended productions and prompted Cook to explore writing beyond . No other Broadway plays by Cook were produced in the decade, though his theater experience laid groundwork for multifaceted creative pursuits.

Early Hollywood screenplays

In the mid-1940s, Whitfield Cook transitioned from his Broadway background to Hollywood, securing a contract with () and establishing himself as a adept at adapting stage and literary works for the screen. His early projects emphasized character-driven narratives, often developed in close collaboration with co-writer Anne Morrison Chapin, focusing on emotional depth in plot construction and to suit the studio's polished dramatic style. Cook's Hollywood debut came with the 1945 romantic comedy The Sailor Takes a Wife, co-written with Chapin and based on Chester Erskine's play Happily Ever After. The screenplay follows a sailor (Robert Walker) and a USO hostess () who impulsively marry in before his deployment, only to navigate domestic challenges when he is unexpectedly discharged; Cook contributed to the witty dialogue and comedic timing that highlighted the couple's adjustment to married life amid wartime uncertainties. The film received a warm reception for its lighthearted portrayal of post-honeymoon realities, earning praise as an engaging wartime romance that balanced humor with relatable sentiment. The following year, Cook co-authored the screenplay for The Secret Heart (1946), a adapted from an original story by Rose Franken and William Brown Meloney, with additional contributions from Chapin. In this production directed by Robert Z. Leonard, the narrative explores a young girl's lingering trauma from her father's , complicated by secrets and emotional repression; Cook's input shaped the introspective plot and sensitive dialogue, particularly in scenes delving into and redemption among the Addams family. Critics commended the film's honest depiction of psychological turmoil, noting it transcended typical to offer a compelling, empathetic drama. Cook's third MGM effort, High Barbaree (1947), was another collaboration with Chapin and Cyril Hume, adapting the 1945 novel by and into a wartime adventure-romance. The story centers on a downed Navy pilot () adrift in the Pacific, who hallucinates visions of his childhood sweetheart (Allyson) and a mythical island while awaiting rescue; Cook focused on enhancing the emotional flashbacks and dialogue to underscore themes of lost innocence and resilience. While the film was appreciated for its blend of action and sentiment, reception was mixed, with some reviewers highlighting its effective character interplay despite narrative contrivances. Cook's fourth and final early MGM screenplay, Big City (1948), co-written with Chapin and Aben Kandel, follows an orphaned girl () in New York City's Lower East Side who is informally adopted by three men from different backgrounds—a , a , and a policeman—amid challenges of urban life and prejudice. Cook contributed to the heartfelt dialogue emphasizing themes of community and unconventional family bonds. The film received mixed reviews, praised for O'Brien's performance but criticized as sentimental and formulaic. These early screenplays showcased Cook's versatility in adapting source material for MGM's star-driven vehicles, contributing to the studio's output of mid-1940s dramas and comedies through his emphasis on psychological nuance and relational dynamics.

Collaboration with Alfred Hitchcock

Whitfield Cook was hired by , a long-time friend of the family, to adapt Selwyn Jepson's Man Running (serialized 1947; published 1948) into the for Stage Fright (1950), marking his first collaboration with the director. Working alongside Hitchcock's wife and frequent collaborator , as well as and , Cook crafted a centered on and , introducing key plot twists such as the film's deceptive opening flashback that misleads the audience about the murder's circumstances. This structure amplified the suspense through unreliable narration and double-crosses, aligning with Hitchcock's penchant for psychological manipulation. For his contributions to the , Cook received a 1951 Award nomination in the Best Motion Picture category from the . Cook's partnership with Hitchcock continued with Strangers on a Train (1951), where he provided the initial adaptation of Patricia Highsmith's 1950 novel of the same name, developing a treatment that satisfied the director and set the foundation for the final script. In this role, Cook enhanced the story's tension by weaving in a homoerotic between the characters Bruno Antony and Guy Haines, portraying Bruno's obsessive fixation on Guy as an effeminate and psychologically charged pursuit, which deepened the film's exploration of latent desires and moral ambiguity. The screenplay underwent further revisions by and Czenzi Ormonde, but Cook's early input shaped the iconic "criss-cross" murder exchange and the psychological interplay driving the thriller's momentum. Behind the scenes, Cook's work with Hitchcock involved close coordination with Alma Reville, who co-adapted Stage Fright and contributed to the overall scripting process on both films, fostering a dynamic where Reville's editorial insight complemented Cook's narrative structuring. Cook later reflected on this collaboration, stating that "Alma was truly a filmmaker" and crediting her with greater responsibility for Hitchcock's successes than the director himself. These projects solidified Cook's reputation in the suspense genre, as his adaptations infused Hitchcock's style with layered twists and subtextual depth, influencing the director's emphasis on voyeuristic tension and character ambiguity in subsequent works while establishing Cook as a key figure in mid-century Hollywood thrillers.

Television writing and later publications

In the , Whitfield Cook shifted his focus to television writing, contributing scripts to prominent that emphasized suspenseful narratives and dramatic tension. He penned adaptations and original stories for , a CBS program known for its thriller elements, as well as Climax!, which aired live from and explored psychological and moral dilemmas in episodes broadcast during the decade. Similarly, Cook wrote for , a prestigious series featuring high-profile dramas, where his contributions included teleplays that aligned with the show's reputation for tackling complex human conflicts through innovative storytelling. These television works marked Cook's adaptation to the medium's demand for concise, visually driven plots, often drawing on his established expertise in mystery and interpersonal intrigue. Cook's short fiction during and after this period continued to showcase his versatility. His story "The Unfaithful," first published in The American Mercury in September 1942, was selected for inclusion in The O. Henry Memorial Award Prize Stories of 1943, earning special consideration from juror Widdemer for its exploration of betrayal and emotional complexity within a domestic setting. The narrative centers on a woman's and its ripple effects on her relationships, highlighting themes of guilt and that resonated with mid-20th-century readers. Earlier in the decade, Cook developed the "Violet" series for Redbook magazine, featuring a precocious 12-year-old named Violet who navigates her father's romantic entanglements with clever, well-intentioned schemes; these stories were collected in the 1942 volume Violet: 'Poison Ivy' by Any Other Name, blending humor and youthful mischief. The collection's lighthearted tone contrasted with the darker undertones of works like "The Unfaithful," demonstrating Cook's range in capturing character-driven tales. Cook's novels extended his literary career across decades, evolving from character-focused comedies to intrigue-laden adventures. Violet (1942) served as the foundation for his 1944 Broadway play of the same name, which he also directed, though it ran for only 23 performances. His 1951 novel Roman Comedy: An Impolite Extravaganza satirized Hollywood excess through a involving film stars and expatriates in , employing broad, irreverent humor to lampoon cultural clashes and romantic absurdities. Later, to Dubrovnik (1981) shifted toward travel-infused suspense, framing a terrorist plot amid a tour of to underscore geopolitical tensions and personal peril, though critics noted its uneven blend of thriller elements and descriptive passages. Cook's final , A Choice of Disguises (2003), published posthumously following his death on November 12, 2003, delved into themes of identity and deception, reflecting a mature synthesis of his earlier mystery influences with introspective narrative depth. Over time, Cook's style matured from the taut, plot-driven scripts of his television era to more expansive, satirical explorations in prose, incorporating global settings and moral ambiguity. The G. Whitfield Cook collection at holds numerous unpublished manuscripts, including additional short stories, play drafts, and novel outlines from the 1960s onward, indicating ongoing creative output that was not fully realized in print during his lifetime.

Personal life

Marriage and family

Whitfield Cook married Elizabeth Heiskell, the daughter of longtime Arkansas Gazette editor John Netherland Heiskell, in the 1940s. Elizabeth, a graduate of who also attended , later served as a director of the family-owned Arkansas Gazette, continuing her father's legacy in and public affairs. John N. Heiskell had edited the newspaper for over seventy years, shaping 's media landscape and earning recognition as one of the nation's longest-serving editors. The couple had one son, George W. Cook IV. The family eventually settled in Connecticut, where they maintained ties to literary and creative pursuits. George's wife, Ann Mariah Cook, carried on the family's artistic involvement as an author, notably penning Running North: A Yukon Adventure, a memoir about her life with George and their daughter Kathleen in the Yukon.

Later years and death

In his later years, Whitfield Cook resided primarily in , where he spent much of his time writing fiction. He published the novel Taxi to in 1981, followed by short stories in magazines such as Cosmopolitan during the 1970s and 1980s. Cook also released his final work, the short story collection The Dark of April, in 2001 through CFP Press. Additionally, he maintained a summer residence in Jefferson. Cook died on November 12, 2003, at the age of 94, from cardiac complications at Lawrence and Memorial Hospital in . He was survived by his son, George W. Cook IV, daughter-in-law Ann Mariah Cook, and granddaughter Kathleen Cook. Cook was buried in Lyme Cemetery, .

Legacy

Awards and recognition

Whitfield Cook received the O. Henry Award in 1943 for his short story "The Unfaithful," which was selected for inclusion in The O. Henry Memorial Award Prize Stories of 1943 in the category of best first-published stories. For his screenplay adaptation of Stage Fright (1950), Cook earned a nomination for the 1951 Edgar Allan Poe Award in the Best Motion Picture category, shared with novelist Selwyn Jepson. Following his death in 2003, New Dramatists established the Whitfield Cook Award (also referred to as the Whitfield Cook Prize) in his honor, an annual prize awarded to an emerging for the best unproduced and unpublished full-length play, as determined by a of theater professionals.

Depictions in media

In the 2012 Hitchcock, directed by , Whitfield Cook is portrayed by actor as a suave collaborating on the adaptation of Strangers on a Train, while also depicted in a fictionalized involving a flirtatious relationship with , Hitchcock's wife. The portrayal emphasizes Cook's contributions to the but dramatizes personal dynamics for narrative effect, drawing loosely from historical accounts of his professional ties to the Hitchcocks. Cook's role in Hitchcock's career is referenced in several authoritative biographies, where he is highlighted for his screenplay work on films like and Strangers on a Train. In Patrick McGilligan's Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light (2003), Cook is described as a longtime friend and valued collaborator, with discussions of his input on plot developments and his near-romantic involvement with during the early 1950s. Similar mentions, including discussions of Cook's professional influence and rumored personal dynamics with the Hitchcock , appear in Donald Spoto's The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock (1983). Cook's legacy endures in theatrical culture through the Whitfield Cook Award, an annual prize established by New Dramatists in to honor outstanding unproduced, unpublished plays, as selected by the organization's artistic staff. The award, named in recognition of his Broadway contributions, has been bestowed on playwrights such as and the creators of Isaac's Eye, perpetuating his name in contemporary playwriting circles. Scholarly depictions of Cook often draw from the G. Whitfield Cook Collection at University's Howard Gotlieb Center, which houses manuscripts, correspondence, diaries, and photographs documenting his and Hitchcock collaborations. Researchers utilize these materials to analyze his adaptations, as seen in academic studies on mid-20th-century , providing a factual basis for understanding his understated yet pivotal role in suspense genre development.

References

  1. https://archivesspace.bu.edu/repositories/9/resources/952
  2. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/19/classified/paid-notice-deaths-cook-g-whitfield-iii.html
  3. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/39151840/george-whitfield-cook
  4. https://bulletin.yale.edu/bulletins/drama/history
  5. https://www.britannica.com/biography/George-Pierce-Baker
  6. https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/3794
  7. https://www.artsandletters.org/tributes/george-pierce-baker
  8. https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/whitfield-cook-9056
  9. https://playbill.com/person/whitfield-cook-vault-0000014554
  10. https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/violet-1587
  11. https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/patricia-hitchcock-45241
  12. https://playbill.com/production/violet-belasco-theatre-vault-0000010855
  13. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/88894/the-sailor-takes-a-wife
  14. https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24943
  15. https://variety.com/1945/film/reviews/the-secret-heart-1200414660/
  16. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/204/high-barbaree
  17. https://www.nytimes.com/1948/05/17/archives/big-city-starring-margaret-obrien-arrives-at-loews-criterion-will.html
  18. https://onmilwaukee.com/articles/hitchcockfactcheck
  19. https://www.cineaste.com/summer2022/stage-fright
  20. https://cozy-mystery.com/edgar-award-best-motion-picture.html
  21. https://www.filmsite.org/strangers.html
  22. https://www.female.com.au/hitchcock-characters.htm
  23. https://www.yourroots.com/first-name-meaning/whitfield
  24. https://www.wga.org/writers-room/101-best-lists/101-best-written-tv-series/playhouse-90
  25. https://archive.org/details/ohenrymemorialaw00bric
  26. https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Violet-Poison-Ivy-Name-First-Edition/32180987779/bd
  27. https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/whitfield-cook/roman-comedy/
  28. https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/a/whitfield-cook/taxi-to-dubrovnik/
  29. https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/23/archives/elizabeth-h-cook-director-of-gazette-in-little-rock.html
  30. https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/john-netherland-heiskell-1670/
  31. https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/29/archives/john-nheishell-is-dead-at-100-7-oldest-active-newsman-in-us.html
  32. https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/contributor/ann-mariah-cook/
  33. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0042994/awards/
  34. https://newdramatists.org/honor-molloy
  35. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0975645/
  36. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/9832084/Mrs-Alfred-Hitchcock-The-Unsung-Partner.html
  37. https://www.ensemblestudiotheatre.org/est-blog/ESTSloan-Project-presents-Isaacs-Eye-January-30---February-24
  38. https://www.macdowell.org/artists/eisa-davis
  39. https://www.ensemblestudiotheatre.org/20122013-1/2016/3/21/i
  40. https://www.nomos-elibrary.de/957713.pdf
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