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Banloc

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Banloc

Banloc (Hungarian: Bánlak; German: Banlok; Banat Swabian: Paanlack; Serbian: Банлог, romanizedBanlog) is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Banloc (commune seat), Ofsenița, Partoș and Soca.

The name Banloc was originally born by the fusion of two words: the name of the god Pan and the word "loc" (place), "Pan's place". Later, when "pan" became "ban", it kept the original meaning of a master. The Panloc castle became the Banloc castle, name preserved until now. There is a bas-relief above one of the access doors in the basement of the castle, bas-relief depicting the god Pan playing the syrinx. Also, statues in the form of fauns used to guard the alleys of the park; fragments of these are currently held at the Museum of Banat in Timișoara, along with several other statues of the same origin.

Banloc is located in the southern part of Timiș County, 50 km (31 mi) from Timișoara and 8 km (5 mi) from Deta, the nearest town. It borders Ghilad to the north, Plandište (Serbia) to the south, Deta and Denta to the east and Livezile to the west. The territory of the commune falls in the Timiș Plain, a plain limited by the Mureș Plain, and borders the high plains with chutes of Deliblata to the north, the foothills of Banat to the east and the Tisa meadows to the west. In the past (until the regularization), the diversion of watercourses, the unraveling of rivers and the periodic flooding transformed the whole area into swamps, which in part are still maintained today in the form of pools, puddles and humic-gley soils. Rivers in the area – Bârzava, Timiș, Birdanca and Lanca Birda – are today dammed.

Banloc's climate is classified as warm and temperate. The influence of the Mediterranean climate is felt to a significant extent here and consists, in particular, in warmer months during winter. The average annual temperature is 11.1 °C (52.0 °F). The frequency of warm years is higher than that of cool years, due to the fact the Banloc is south of the annual isotherm of 11 °C. The distribution of the relief in open amphitheater to the south and west allows the penetration of moist air masses from the west and warmer ones from the south. The annual rainfall totals 500–600 mm (20–24 in), and the monthly rainfall a maximum in January and a minimum in February–March. The maximum rainfall in 24 hours does not exceed 130 mm (5.1 in). Compared to the rest of the country, Banloc has the fewest days with snow-covered soil and this, due to the influence of the Mediterranean climate.

The region belongs to the intermediate area between steppe and forest steppe. The tree vegetation found here is composed of poplars, walnuts, chestnuts, maples and mulberries and, among cultivated species, apples, pears, plums, apricots, cherries and peaches. As understory, different species are found along roadsides and at the edge of the forests, such as Prunus spinosa (blackthorn), Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn) and Cornus sanguinea (dogwood). Regarding the grassy vegetation, there is a certain grouping on soils or categories of use. On low, moist soils species such as Cirsium arvense (thistle), Polygonum aviculare (knotgrass), Chenopodium album (goosefoot) and Anthemis arvensis (chamomile) are found. On plains, with alluvial soil, species such as Convolvulus arvensis (bindweed), Setaria viridis (foxtail), Amaranthus spp. (pigweeds), Melilotus officinalis (melilot), Plantago spp. (plantains) and Agrostemma githago (corn-cockle) can be found. On pastures, the vegetation is represented by species poor in nutritional values, such as Plantago lanceolata (ribwort plantain), Polygonum aviculare (knotgrass), etc. Wheat, barley, rye, oat, corn, sunflower, sugar beet, tobacco, rice, clover and lucerne, among others, are also cultivated here.

Although there is a forest within the commune of Banloc, the fauna is not exactly rich in species of birds and wild animals. Among birds found here are partridges, pheasants, wild ducks, gulls and storks. Among the most common wild animals which breed here are hares, foxes, deers, wolves and wild boars. Fields are home to rodents such as field mice and field rats.

Banloc is attested for the first time on 13 May 1400 in a document given by the copyist from Cenad, under the name Byallak. It was inhabited by a mixed population, generally of Eastern Christian faith. They were mostly Romanians, Serbs and Hungarians. It is also noted that in 1660 the monks of the Serbian monastery of the Patriarchate of Peć visited Banlog to collect donations for their lavra. During the Turkish occupation of Banat, the pasha from Timișoara had his summer residence in Banloc.

In 1716 Banat was conquered by the Austrians. At the 1717 census, Banloc was registered as Panloch, belonging to the district of Ciacova, with 85 inhabited households. On Count Mercy's map of 1723–1725, the village appears as Banlok. By 1764, Banlog was, according to some records, an Orthodox parish in the Archpriestship of Ghilad. When the Austrian imperial auditor described Banat in 1774, he noticed that Banlock was in the districts of Jaručki and Ciacova and that the population was predominantly of Vlach (Romanian) origin. In 1777 Banloc had 229 houses and was one of the largest villages in Banat.

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