The FSC Lublin Automotive Factory (Polish: Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych) commonly known as FSC, is a large motor vehicle factory in Poland established while the country was part of the Soviet Bloc. It was founded in 1950. The first vehicle left its assembly line on November 7, 1951. The factory was built on an open field in Lublin from the grounds up, to first produce light trucks and later vans, as well as vehicles for the military.

The idea of establishing a car factory in north-eastern Lublin existed before World War II. In September 1938, the construction of a factory for the Warsaw company Lilpop, Rau i Loewenstein began in the Tatary district. The company intended to produce components for passenger cars and trucks under license from the American Chevrolet. It was planned to start the production of engines, front and rear drive axles, steering systems, as well as clutches and gear boxes. The engines were to be produced in numbers of up to 10,000 pieces per year, with production intended for domestic needs. Due to the outbreak of World War II, the investment was interrupted.

The idea was resumed after 1945, when the surviving part of the plant in Lublin became the basis for the "Truck Factory". The decision to establish the factory was made at the Unification Congress of the PPS and PPR in 1948. The establishment of the Lublin factory significantly influenced the formation of the new city emerging after the war for many years. FSC had a direct impact on the development of the surrounding residential districts - Tatar and Bronowice. New communication routes were designed with the production plant in mind.

The first work on FSC began in December 1950. Engineers from the USSR supervised all construction and assembly works, and the first employees of the FSC Lublin Factory received training at the Soviet GAZ plants. Technical documents and equipment also began to arrive from the USSR. One of the first facilities put into use was the main assembly department along with the welding and painting shop.

In accordance with the policy at the time, the plant began production on November 7, 1951 (the 34th anniversary of the October Revolution). The already obsolete GAZ 51s with the FSC badge and the name "FSC Lublin-51" came off the assembly lines. At the same time, production of the M-20 Pobeda began in Warsaw. The trucks from Lublin had a load capacity of 2.5 tons, a gasoline engine and a wooden driver's cabin.

In 1951, 88 Lublin 51 cars were produced. The following year, production was increased to 2,200 units. The preliminary design envisaged an increase in production to 12,000 cars per year. A total of 17,500 Polish GAZ 51s rolled off the assembly line in Lublin. Licensed production ended in 1958. The management tried to introduce more domestically produced components. From July 22, 1952, all wooden elements (the cabin) came from the Lublin plant.

After the first difficult years, FSC began to develop. In April 1954, the standardization department was opened and production began. Two years later, in 1956, a forge was opened, and in 1959 production began in the wheel and spring department. As a result of the factory's continuous development, its fixed assets in 1973 were estimated at PLN 3 billion. Later, the production of rims for other plants became the factory's specialty.

After the unsuccessful introduction of Lublin-51 to the Polish market, production of the flagship model, the Żuk, began in 1959. The Żuk would remain FSC's flagship model for over 50 years. The Lublin Żuk was entirely a product of Polish technical thought. The main creators of the new FSC product were engineers Stanisław Tański and Roman Skwarek. Constructed by the company's design office and using an engine and drive units from Warszawa, it set off to conquer Polish roads. In 1959, 1,084 Żuks were produced, and in 1973, 16,000 pieces. Thus, the share of the Lublin FSC in the domestic market increased from 30.2% in 1965 to 44.5% in 1973.