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Victor Vescovo
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Victor Lance Vescovo (born February 10, 1966) is an American private equity investor, retired naval officer, sub-orbital spaceflight participant, and undersea explorer. He was a co-founder and managing partner of private equity company Insight Equity Holdings from 2000 to 2023.[2] Vescovo achieved the Explorers Grand Slam by reaching the North and South Poles and climbing the Seven Summits. He visited the deepest points of all of Earth's five oceans during the Five Deeps Expedition of 2018–2019.

Key Information

Early life

[edit]

Vescovo grew up in Dallas, Texas, where he graduated from St. Mark's School of Texas. He earned a bachelor's degree in Economics and Political Science from Stanford University, a master's degree in Defense and Arms Control Studies (Political Science) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and an MBA from Harvard Business School where he was a Baker scholar.[3]

Military service

[edit]

Vescovo served 20 years in the U.S. Navy Reserve as an intelligence officer, retiring in 2013 as a Commander (O-5).[4] On January 10, 2025, Secretary of the Navy Carlos Del Toro announced the second ship of the Explorer class of ocean surveillance ships will be named the USNS Victor Vescovo (T-AGOS 26) after Vescovo. Victoria Vescovo Webster, Vescovo's sister, was named ship sponsor.[5]

Five Deeps Expedition

[edit]

In 2018, Vescovo launched the Five Deeps Expedition, whose objective was to dive to the deepest location in all five of the world's oceans by the end of September 2019.[6][7] This expedition was filmed in the documentary television series Expedition Deep Ocean.[8] This objective was achieved one month ahead of schedule, and the expedition's team carried out biological samplings and depth confirmations at each location. Besides the deepest points of the five world oceans, the expedition also made dives in the Horizon Deep and the Sirena Deep, and mapped the Diamantina fracture zone.

DSV Limiting Factor of Triton Submarines during sea trials

In December 2018, he became the first person to reach the deepest point of the Atlantic Ocean, piloting DSV Limiting Factor, a reported US$50 million submarine system (Triton 36000/2)[9] – including its support ship the DSSV Pressure Drop and its three ultra-deep-sea robotic landers – 8,376 m (27,480 ft) below the ocean surface to the base of the Puerto Rico Trench, an area subsequently referred to by world media as Brownson Deep.[2]

On February 4, 2019, he became the first person to reach the bottom of the Southern Ocean, in the southern portion of the South Sandwich Trench.[10] For this attempt, the expedition used a Kongsberg EM124 multibeam sonar system to achieve accurate mapping of the trench.

On April 16, 2019, Vescovo dived to the bottom of the Sunda Trench south of Bali, reaching the bottom of the Indian Ocean. Likewise, this was done aboard the Limiting Factor. The team reported sightings of what they believed to be species new to science, including a hadal snailfish and a gelatinous organism believed to be a stalked ascidean.[11] The same dive was later undertaken by Patrick Lahey, President of Triton Submarines, and the expedition's chief scientist, Dr. Alan Jamieson. This dive was organised subsequent to the scanning of the Diamantina fracture zone using multibeam sonar, confirming that the Sunda Trench was deeper and settling the debate about where the deepest point in the Indian Ocean is.

Vescovo in 2019

On April 28, 2019, Vescovo descended nearly 11 km (6.8 mi) to the deepest place in the ocean – the Challenger Deep in the Pacific Ocean's Mariana Trench. On his first descent, he piloted the DSV Limiting Factor to a depth of 10,928 m (35,853 ft), a world record by 16 m (52 ft).[12] Diving for a second time on May 1, he became the first person to dive the Challenger Deep twice, finding "at least three new species of marine animals" and "some sort of plastic waste".[13][14] Among the underwater creatures Vescovo encountered were a snailfish at 26,250 ft (8,000 m) and a spoon worm at nearly 23,000 ft (7,000 m), the deepest level at which the species had ever been encountered.[15] On May 7, 2019, Vescovo and Jamieson made the first human-occupied deep submersible dive to the bottom of the Sirena Deep, the third deepest point in the ocean lying about 128 miles northeast from Challenger Deep. The time they spent there was 176 minutes; among the samples they retrieved was a piece of mantle rock from the western slope of the Mariana Trench.[16][17]

On June 10, 2019, Vescovo reached the bottom of the Horizon Deep in the Tonga Trench, confirming that it is the second deepest point on the planet and the deepest in the Southern Hemisphere at 10,823 m (35,509 ft). In doing so, Vescovo had descended to the first, second, and third deepest points in the ocean. Unlike the Sunda and Mariana Trenches, no signs of human contamination were found in the deep, which was described by the expedition as "completely pristine".[18]

Vescovo completed the Five Deeps Expedition on 24 August 2019 when he reached a depth of 5,550 m (18,210 ft) at the bottom of the Molloy Deep in the Arctic Ocean. He was the first human to reach this location.[19]

Maritime history exploration

[edit]

In 2019, Vescovo escorted Titanic-historian Parks Stephenson to the wreck of the RMS Titanic for the first revisit of the wreck in 15 years. Findings included continued extensive corrosion and bacterial growth on iron and steel surfaces.[20]

Vescovo piloting his submersible during the first of two dives to the wreck of the French submarine Minerve

In February 2020, Vescovo piloted his deep diving submersible twice to the wreck of the French submarine Minerve in the Mediterranean Sea. The retired French Rear Admiral Jean-Louis Barbier investigated the wreck of the Minerve on the first dive. On the second dive, Vescovo was accompanied by Hervé Fauve, the son of the captain of the sunken submarine. They placed a commemorative plaque at the wreck.[21]

In 2021, Vescovo identified and surveyed the wreck of the USS Johnston (DD-557) at a depth of 6,456 metres (21,181 ft) in the Philippine Sea; at the time of identification this was the deepest shipwreck ever surveyed. The Johnston was sunk during the Battle off Samar (1944) in one of the most lopsided naval battles in history.[22]

In 2022 a submersible expedition piloted by Vescovo located the wreck of destroyer escort USS Samuel B. Roberts (DE-413) (also sunk in the Battle off Samar in 1944), in the Philippine Sea at a depth of 6,895 metres (22,621 ft), making it the deepest wreck identified at this date.[23][24]

In June 2023, Vescovo lost his friend Hamish Harding, whom he had been to space and sea with, when Harding died while trying to view the wreck of the Titanic inside OceanGate's Titan submersible. On Twitter Vescovo stated: "This has been a difficult week for the submersible community. Deep ocean diving is very safe when industry standard certifications and procedures are followed. I will miss my good friends PH Nargeolet, who I worked with closely, and Hamish Harding, my friend in sea and space."[25] Vescovo appeared in the 2024 ABC special Truth and Lies: Fatal Dive to the Titanic, which examined the Titan submersible implosion.[26]

Vescovo received the 2025 Freedom of the Seas Award from the National Museum of the Surface Navy.[27]

World records

[edit]

In 2019, Victor Vescovo was recognized by Guinness World Records as the person who has covered the greatest vertical distance without leaving Earth's surface. As part of achieving the Explorers Grand Slam (Last Degree), Vescovo climbed Mount Everest (8,848 metres (29,029 ft)) on 24 May 2010, Earth's highest point. Almost nine years later he dove to the bottom of the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench (−10,924 metres (−35,840 ft)), Earth's lowest point, in the deep submersible Limiting Factor on 29 April 2019,[28] for a total vertical distance of 19,772 metres (64,869 ft).[29]

Vescovo completed the Explorers Grand Slam (Last Degree) by climbing the highest peak on each of the seven continents, and skied the Last Degree of Latitude at both the North and South Poles.[30] Uniquely, with the successful completion of his Five Deeps Expedition, Vescovo has also dived the deepest point in each of the five world's oceans.[31] He is the first human to have reached the bottom of the Puerto Rico Trench, the Sunda Trench, the Molloy Deep, the Sirena Deep, the Horizon Deep, and the deepest point of the Southern Ocean, which lies in the southern end of the South Sandwich Trench. He is also the first to have dived the Challenger Deep more than once, doing so fifteen times,[32][33] as well as the first to have visited all four of the ocean's 10,000+ meter deepest points: the Challenger Deep/Mariana Trench, Horizon Deep/Tonga Trench, Scholl Deep/Kermadec Trench, and Galathea Deep/Philippine Trench.[34][35][36]

In June 2020, Vescovo returned to the Challenger Deep, specially equipped to survey its three, well-defined basins, or "pools". Carrying three CTDs on his submersible Limiting Factor as well as one CTD and one depthometer on each of his three independent robotic "landers". Vescovo piloted six passengers to the bottom of the Challenger Deep. These included former astronaut and NOAA Administrator Kathryn Sullivan, the first woman to ultimate depth; Kelly Walsh, the son of Don Walsh (who with Jacques Piccard made the first dive into the Challenger Deep) to become the only father/son team to make this journey albeit 60 years apart; and Vanessa O'Brien, the first woman to both climb Mount Everest and also descend to the bottom of the seafloor (Vescovo was the first person). At the end of his 2022 dives, Vescovo had the unique record of fifteen total dives to Challenger Deep, including the record for the deepest dive in history on April 28, 2019.[37][33]

  • Garmin at 90 Deg South
    Garmin at 90 Deg South
  • At Mount Everest summit with Texas Flag, 2010
    At Mount Everest summit with Texas Flag, 2010
  • Vescovo with Kami Rita Sherpa (on right)
    Vescovo with Kami Rita Sherpa (on right)
  • At Challenger Deep, 2019
    At Challenger Deep, 2019
  • Vescovo in November 2023, Scotland
    Vescovo in November 2023, Scotland

Space flight

[edit]

Vescovo flew to space onboard New Shepard, as part of the Blue Origin NS-21 mission in 2022. Forbes has recognized Vescovo as the "First To Climb Everest, Visit Ocean's Deepest Depth And Fly to the Final Frontier".[38][39][40]

Personal life

[edit]

Victor has never been married or had children.[41][42]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Victor Vescovo

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Victor Vescovo is an American investor, retired U.S. Reserve commander, and explorer best known for completing the and leading the Five Deeps Expedition (2018–2019), which made him the first person to reach the deepest point in each of the world's five oceans using a crewed . He also participated in a with in 2022. Born on February 10, 1966, in , , Vescovo developed an early interest in military history and exploration. He earned bachelor's degrees in economics and political science from in three years, a in defense and arms control from MIT, and an MBA from . In his professional career, Vescovo served 20 years in the U.S. Reserve, specializing in and , retiring as a . He co-founded Insight Equity Holdings, a in 2002, which has raised over $1.4 billion for acquisitions and investments. Vescovo's exploration achievements include becoming the 38th person to complete the in 2017, which entails summiting the highest peak on each of the seven continents—such as in 2010—and reaching both the North and South Poles by skiing. He is also one of only 49 individuals to achieve the "Last Degree" Grand Slam, involving ski expeditions of 100 kilometers to the Poles. The Five Deeps Expedition, self-funded at over $50 million, utilized the titanium submersible to conduct 39 dives across 47,000 miles, mapping previously uncharted seafloor areas of approximately 550,000 km²—roughly the size of . Key dives included the (8,376 meters, December 2018) in the Atlantic, South Sandwich Trench (7,434 meters) in the , Java Trench (7,192 meters) in the , (10,925 meters, April 28, 2019) in the Pacific, and (5,550 meters) in the Arctic. This effort established multiple , including the deepest dive by a crewed vessel and the most dives to by an individual (15 as of 2022). Beyond the Five Deeps, Vescovo's subsequent expeditions have located significant underwater wrecks, such as confirming the identity of the USS Johnston (DD-557)—the deepest known shipwreck at 6,456 meters—in the Philippine Sea in April 2021, and discovering the USS Samuel B. Roberts at 6,895 meters in June 2022, surpassing it as the deepest wreck found. His work has also led to the discovery of new marine species and advanced scientific understanding of deep-sea environments. In recognition of these contributions, Vescovo received the Explorers Club Medal in 2020.

Early Life and Education

Early Life

Victor Vescovo was born on February 10, 1966, in , . He grew up in the city, where his family resided. At age 3, Vescovo was involved in a serious car accident when the family sedan crashed into a , resulting in a cracked , shattered , broken hand, and ribs. Vescovo's father worked in commercial , while his mother had trained as a nurse. His parents divorced when he was 16 years old. He has described his father as gregarious and his mother as reserved and methodical in her approach to life. As a child, Vescovo displayed an early fascination with history and , checking out Stephen Sears' Desert War in from the Preston Royal library at the age of six. Despite his introverted nature, he formed close bonds with friends during seventh grade at St. Mark's School through shared interests in science fiction literature and role-playing games like . His passion for adventure was further shaped by reading Jules Verne's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, which ignited a lifelong curiosity about exploration.

Education

Vescovo earned a degree from in 1988, double majoring in and after completing the program in just three years. He subsequently pursued graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he obtained a degree in with a focus on defense analysis and studies, including elements of . Vescovo completed his formal education with a (MBA) from , graduating as a Baker Scholar in recognition of his placement in the top 5% of his class.

Professional Career

Military Service

Vescovo served for 20 years in the United States Navy Reserve, beginning after his education and initial civilian career. As an , his principal duties involved operational targeting, with a focus on supporting counter-terrorism efforts. Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, he was activated for overseas deployments in these capacities. His military experience honed skills in , real-time decision-making under stress, and collection, which later informed his exploratory expeditions, including the location of shipwrecks like the USS Johnston using adapted naval methods. Vescovo retired from the Reserve in 2013 at the rank of (O-5). In January 2025, the U.S. announced that the second ship in the Explorer-class ocean surveillance vessels, USNS Victor Vescovo (T-AGOS 26), would be named in his honor.

Business and Investments

Vescovo began his professional career in as a principal at from 1991 to 1992, focusing on , including and financial analysis. He later worked overseas for the firm, consulting on investments in at age 24. From 1994 to 1999, he served as a senior manager at , contributing to management consulting in various industries. In 2002, Vescovo co-founded Insight Equity Holdings, a , with Ted Beneski, and served as its managing partner and until 2023. The firm specialized in control investments in lower middle-market companies within , distribution, and services, with a particular emphasis on asset-intensive sectors such as defense, , and . Under Vescovo's leadership, Insight raised over $1.5 billion in equity capital across four funds and executed more than 60 transactions, prioritizing operational enhancements to drive value in portfolio companies. After leaving Insight, Vescovo established Caladan Capital LLC as his personal investment vehicle in 2023, targeting private securities and special situations in aerospace, defense, electronics, heavy industry, high technology, and life sciences. The firm supports industrial startups and innovative technologies, drawing on Vescovo's extensive experience in these domains. A representative investment includes strategic funding in Digital Harmonic in February 2025, aimed at accelerating research and development in media and entertainment, healthcare, and national security applications. Vescovo has also backed Colossal Biosciences, a biotechnology firm advancing de-extinction and genetic engineering initiatives. His success in private equity and investments has enabled self-funding of multimillion-dollar exploration projects, including submersible expeditions and spaceflights.

Exploration Achievements

Land and Polar Expeditions

Victor Vescovo began his mountaineering pursuits in 1988 with the ascent of , Africa's highest peak at 5,895 meters, marking his first high-altitude climb shortly after graduating from . Over the subsequent two decades, he systematically tackled the Seven Summits, the highest peaks on each of the world's seven continents, culminating in his successful summit of on May 24, 2010, at 8:14 a.m. local time. This achievement made him one of fewer than 500 people worldwide to complete the Seven Summits challenge, with notable climbs including in , in , and in , often carrying a "Beat Cal" sign as a nod to his Stanford rivalry with the . Vescovo's polar expeditions formed a critical component of his broader exploration goals, contributing to his completion of the in 2017, which requires ascending the Seven Summits and reaching both geographic poles via unassisted ski traverses of at least the final 100 kilometers. He reached the on January 14, 2016, after skiing the last degree from 89° South, enduring extreme conditions including temperatures below -30°C and high winds during a 50-kilometer final leg. Earlier, in April 2017, he skied the last degree to the geographic alongside polar explorer Eric Larsen, navigating shifting sea ice and open water leads over approximately 111 kilometers in temperatures dropping to -40°C. These traverses highlighted his endurance in remote, hostile environments, with Vescovo becoming the 12th American and one of only about 70 people globally to achieve the full Grand Slam. Through these land and polar endeavors, Vescovo demonstrated a commitment to physical and logistical challenges that pushed human limits, often self-funding expeditions and leveraging his naval reserve experience for operational planning. His polar reaches also positioned him as the first person to complete the Four Poles Challenge's land components—Everest, , and —before extending his explorations to oceanic depths.

Ocean Expeditions

Vescovo's most prominent ocean exploration endeavor was the Five Deeps Expedition, which he conceived, funded, and led from October 2018 to August 2019. The mission aimed to accomplish the first manned dives to the deepest known point in each of the world's five s—Atlantic, Southern, Indian, Pacific, and —using the , a titanium-hulled capable of full depth and certified by DNV-GL as the first of its kind for repeated unmanned and manned operations. Vescovo piloted the vehicle himself for all primary dives, traveling 47,000 nautical miles across 10 months and completing 39 dives in total, supported by a multidisciplinary including from . The expedition deployed around 50 deep-sea landers to collect data on , , and environmental conditions in the . The core dives targeted the following deepest points, marking historic firsts for manned access to these remote abyssal and hadal environments:
OceanLocationDepth Reached (m)Date Completed
Atlantic8,376December 2018
SouthernSouth Sandwich Trench7,434February 2019
Indian Trench7,192April 2019
Pacific ()10,925May 2019
Arctic5,550August 2019
These descents established Vescovo as the first individual to reach the deepest point of all five oceans, with the Challenger Deep dive setting a new world record for the deepest manned submersion at 10,925 meters—surpassing prior records by over 50 meters and enabling multiple repeat visits to the site. The expedition's scientific program, led by deep-sea biologist Dr. Alan Jamieson, utilized high-resolution multibeam sonar for 3D mapping of seafloor features like seamounts and canyons, while landers captured images and samples revealing adaptations of life to extreme pressures, subzero temperatures, and darkness. Key findings included evidence of plastic pollution, such as a plastic bag and candy wrappers observed at 10,900 meters in Challenger Deep, highlighting human impact on even the most isolated ocean depths; additionally, over 100 lander deployments across 13 sites identified more than 40 new species of marine organisms, including amphipods, snailfish, and microbial communities, contributing to understandings of hadal biodiversity and genetic isolation. Following the Five Deeps, Vescovo continued deep-ocean exploration with return missions to Challenger Deep in June 2020, conducting four dives that advanced NOAA-supported seafloor mapping and acoustic research using advanced hydrophones to monitor ocean sounds, including marine life vocalizations and seismic activity. One of these dives carried former NASA astronaut Kathy Sullivan, making her the first woman to reach the deepest point on Earth and the second overall after Vescovo's initial visit. By 2025, Vescovo had personally explored the bottoms of 17 deep ocean trenches, expanding knowledge of undersea geology and ecology through additional Limiting Factor deployments. He also piloted surveys of shallower wrecks, including a 2019 expedition to the RMS Titanic, the first in 14 years, documenting corrosion and structural decay at 3,800 meters using photographs and video. In 2024, Vescovo completed the first solo dive to the Titanic wreck, further documenting its deterioration. These efforts underscore Vescovo's role in advancing accessible, repeatable deep-sea technology for scientific and exploratory purposes.

Spaceflight

In June 2022, Victor Vescovo participated in Blue Origin's NS-21 mission, a aboard the rocket launched from . As one of six private astronauts on the crew, which also included Evan Dick, , , Victor Correa Hespanha, and Jaison Robinson, Vescovo reached an apogee of approximately 107 kilometers above , crossing the into space for a roughly 11-minute journey. The mission marked Vescovo's entry into , complementing his prior expeditions to extreme environments on , such as the deepest points in all five oceans and the summit of . The NS-21 flight was Vescovo's first venture into space, facilitated as a paying customer through Blue Origin's program. During the ascent, he experienced and a panoramic view of from the capsule's large windows, describing the moment as profoundly transformative. Vescovo later recounted the "," a cognitive shift reported by astronauts upon seeing the from space, which deepened his appreciation for 's fragility and interconnectedness. This perspective aligned with his broader exploratory ethos, as he became the first person to reach the deepest points on —both oceanic and terrestrial—and now the edge of space. The mission concluded successfully with a parachute-assisted landing in the desert, after which Vescovo reflected on the flight as a pivotal achievement in his career as a private explorer and financier. Blue Origin's reusable rocket technology enabled the brief but impactful trip, highlighting the growing accessibility of suborbital space travel for civilians. Vescovo's participation underscored his commitment to pushing human boundaries across domains, from undersea trenches to the cosmos.

Records and Recognition

World Records

Victor Vescovo holds multiple primarily related to his deep-ocean explorations and extreme vertical travels on . In , as part of the Five Deeps Expedition, Vescovo became the first person to reach the deepest point in each of 's five oceans, including the in the Pacific (10,934 meters), the in the Atlantic (8,374 meters), the South Sandwich Trench in the (7,435 meters), the Java Trench in the (7,192 meters), and the in the (5,551 meters). This achievement was completed on August 24, , using the submersible. Vescovo is also the first individual to reach both Earth's highest point on land, the summit of at 8,848 meters on May 24, 2010, and its lowest point, the at approximately 10,934 meters below on April 28, 2019, covering a total vertical distance of about 19,782 meters without leaving the planet's surface. On June 26, 2020, Vescovo set the record for the deepest dive by a crewed vessel, reaching 10,934 meters in the Eastern Pool of the , , aboard the ; this surpassed previous records by 11 meters and established a new benchmark for human-piloted submersible operations. Vescovo holds the record for the most visits to the by an individual, with 15 dives to this site between April 28, 2019, and July 12, 2022, accumulating over 23 hours at full ocean depth across these expeditions. Additionally, on March 5, 2021, Vescovo and achieved the longest duration at full ocean depth by a crewed vessel, spending 4 hours and 15 minutes at approximately 10,930 meters in the while traversing 4.634 kilometers along the seafloor.

Awards and Honors

Vescovo received the Medal in 2020, the organization's highest honor, recognizing his extraordinary contributions to exploration across land, sea, and air, including the Five Deeps Expedition. In 2021, he was jointly awarded the Award for Ocean Exploration by the Marine Technology Society and the Society for Underwater Technology, honoring his leadership of the Five Deeps Expedition, which mapped over one million square kilometers of the and advanced global ocean understanding through contributions to the Seabed 2030 project. That same year, Vescovo was named SeaKeeper of the Year by the International SeaKeepers Society for his pioneering dives to the deepest points in all five oceans, which enhanced scientific knowledge and supported ocean conservation efforts. In 2023, Vescovo shared the Award from the Historical Diving Society with Patrick Lahey, acknowledging their collaborative work on the Five Deeps Expedition and its impact on using the Limiting Factor submersible. Vescovo's achievements were further recognized in 2025 when the U.S. Secretary of the named the second Explorer-class ocean surveillance ship USNS Victor Vescovo (T-AGOS 26) after him, citing his explorations in the air, on land, and under the seas as embodying naval innovation and discovery. Later that year, he received the National Champion of the Ocean Award from Monmouth University's Urban Coast Institute for his sustained leadership in promoting clean, safe, and sustainably managed oceans, highlighted by multiple dives to and discoveries of deep-sea shipwrecks. In October 2025, Vescovo was awarded the Freedom of the Seas Award by the National Museum of the Surface , celebrating his role as an undersea explorer and retired naval officer who upholds the principles of defending oceanic freedom.

References

  1. https://fivedeeps.com/
  2. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records/hall-of-fame/victor-vescovo-deepest-dive-by-a-crewed-vessel
  3. https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2020/february/victor-vescovo-five-deeps-expedition-dallas-mariana-trench/
  4. https://www.moaa.org/content/publications-and-media/news-articles/2021-news-articles/moaa-interview-record-setting-deep-sea-explorer-cmdr.-victor-vescovo%2C-usnr-%28ret%29/
  5. https://www.bgs.ac.uk/news/deepest-points-of-the-indian-ocean-and-southern-ocean-revealed/
  6. https://fivedeeps.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/FDE-SST-Press-Release-Final.pdf
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  14. https://www.marketscreener.com/insider/VICTOR-VESCOVO-A07L4P/
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  17. https://www.caladancapital.com/
  18. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250205756438/en/Digital-Harmonic-Secures-Investment-from-Caladan-Capital-led-by-Victor-L.-Vescovo
  19. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jimclash/2019/05/18/victor-vescovo-used-50-million-of-his-own-money-to-set-world-depth-record/
  20. https://www.smtexas.org/news-detail?pk=537456
  21. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/598099-first-person-to-reach-earths-highest-and-lowest-points
  22. https://stanforddaily.com/2010/11/19/beat-cal-on-the-7-summits/
  23. https://www.ted.com/speakers/victor_vescovo
  24. https://fivedeeps.com/home/team/crew/victor/
  25. https://fivedeeps.com/home/expedition/
  26. https://fivedeeps.com/home/technology/
  27. https://tritonsubs.com/five-deeps-expedition-is-complete-after-historic-dive-to-the-bottom-of-the-arctic-ocean/
  28. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-48230157
  29. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-49636756
  30. https://research.noaa.gov/mapping-listening-at-the-bottom-of-the-sea/
  31. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/10/science/vescovo-obrien-challenger-deep-ocean.html
  32. https://www.oceanelders.org/victor-vescovo/
  33. https://oceanographicmagazine.com/news/eyos-expeditions-titanic/
  34. https://wwsg.com/speaker-news/victor-vescovo-solo-dive-to-the-titanic-cloning-humans-reviving-extinct-animals/
  35. https://www.blueorigin.com/news/ns-21-mission-updates
  36. https://www.space.com/crew-blue-origin-ns-21-space-tourism-mission
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  39. https://www.kathysullivanexplores.com/podcast/the-flight-of-new-shepard-21-with-victor-vescovo
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  44. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/deepest-descent-in-the-sea-by-a-manned-vessel
  45. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/629183-most-times-to-visit-the-challenger-deep-by-an-individual
  46. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/655646-longest-duration-at-full-ocean-depth-by-a-crewed-vessel
  47. https://www.explorers.org/awards/
  48. https://www.mtsociety.org/index.php?option=com_dailyplanetblog&view=entry&year=2021&month=10&day=04&id=149:mts-and-sut-announce-winners-of-the-2021-captain-don-walsh-award-for-ocean-exploration
  49. https://www.seakeepers.org/events/award-event-2022/
  50. https://www.hds.org/about/awards
  51. https://www.monmouth.edu/uci/symposium-and-awards/2025-ocean-champions/
  52. https://surfacenavymuseum.org/fos/
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