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Borough of Fylde
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The Borough of Fylde is a local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England. It covers part of the Fylde plain, after which it is named. The council's headquarters are in St Annes. The borough also contains the towns of Kirkham, Lytham and Wesham and surrounding villages and rural areas.
Key Information
The neighbouring districts are Blackpool, Wyre, Preston, South Ribble and West Lancashire.
History
[edit]The district was created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, covering the area of three former districts, which were all abolished at the same time:[4]
The district was named Fylde after the coastal plan.[5] It was awarded borough status from its creation, allowing the chair of the council to take the title of mayor.[6]
The coat of arms of the borough bear the motto of the former Fylde Rural District Council, "Gaudeat Ager" from Psalm 96: 'Let the field (Fylde) be joyful' - "Let Fylde Prosper". The armorial bearings comprise a complete Achievement of Arms, that is - shield, crest and helm and mantling, supporters, badge and motto. They reflect the union of the three local authorities in the area: Lytham St Annes Borough Council, Kirkham Urban District Council and Fylde Rural District Council.[7]
Governance
[edit]Fylde Council | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
| Founded | 1 April 1974 |
| Leadership | |
Allan Oldfield since January 2012[9] | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 37 councillors |
Political groups |
|
| Elections | |
| First past the post | |
Last election | 4 May 2023 |
Next election | 6 May 2027 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Town Hall, South Promenade, Lytham St Annes, FY8 1LW | |
| Website | |
| new | |
Fylde Borough Council, which styles itself "Fylde Council", provides district-level services. County-level services are provided by Lancashire County Council. Most of the borough is also covered by civil parishes, which form a third tier of local government.[10]
Political control
[edit]The council has been under Conservative majority control since 2003.
The first election to the council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities before coming into its powers on 1 April 1974. Political control of the council since 1974 has been as follows:[11][12]
| Party in control | Years | |
|---|---|---|
| Conservative | 1974–1991 | |
| No overall control | 1991–2003 | |
| Conservative | 2003–present | |
Leadership
[edit]The role of mayor is largely ceremonial in Fylde. Political leadership is instead provided by the leader of the council. The leaders since 2010 have been:
| Councillor | Party | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| David Eaves[13] | Conservative | 2010 | Oct 2014 | |
| Sue Fazackerley[14][15] | Conservative | 1 Dec 2014 | Apr 2020 | |
| Karen Buckley[16] | Conservative | 20 Jul 2020 | ||
Composition
[edit]Following the 2023 election,[17] and subsequent changes of allegiance up to July 2025, the composition of the council was:[18]
| Party | Councillors | |
|---|---|---|
| Conservative | 21 | |
| Labour | 2 | |
| Liberal Democrats | 2 | |
| Independent | 12 | |
| Total | 37 | |
Of the independent councillors, nine sit together as a group, and the other three are not aligned to any group.[19] The next election is due in 2027.[18]
Elections
[edit]Since the last boundary changes in 2023 the council has comprised 37 councillors, representing 17 wards, with each ward electing one, two or three councillors. Elections are held every four years.[20]
Premises
[edit]The council is based at Lytham St Annes Town Hall on South Promenade in St Annes. The building was originally a hotel called Southdown Hydro, but was bought in 1925 to serve as a town hall following the merger of the districts of St Annes and Lytham in 1922 to become Lytham St Annes.[21]
Some council departments, including the planning department and an office of the Registrar, were previously located at the former Fylde Rural District Council offices on Derby Road in Wesham,[22] but in 2007 the council vacated this office. It was then used by the NHS North Lancashire Primary Care Trust until around 2013. The building has since been demolished and replaced by a new housing development.[23]
Settlements
[edit]
Towns and villages in the Borough of Fylde (inset: in Lancashire)
Civil parishes
[edit]
There are 15 civil parishes in Fylde. The parish councils of Kirkham, Medlar-with-Wesham and St Annes-on-the-Sea have declared their parishes to be towns, allowing them to take the style "town council".[24]
References
[edit]- ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, United Kingdom, June 2024". Office for National Statistics. 26 September 2025. Retrieved 26 September 2025.
- ^ "Mid-Year Population Estimates, United Kingdom, June 2024". Office for National Statistics. 26 September 2025. Retrieved 26 September 2025.
- ^ a b UK Census (2021). "2021 Census Area Profile – Fylde Local Authority (E07000119)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ "The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Definition) Order 1972", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 1972/2039, retrieved 22 August 2022
- ^ "The English Non-metropolitan Districts (Names) Order 1973", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 1973/551, retrieved 22 August 2022
- ^ "District Councils and Boroughs". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 28 March 1974. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Fylde Borough Council Armorial Bearings". Archived from the original on 13 June 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2010.
- ^ "Council minutes, 7 May 2025". Fylde Council. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
- ^ "Chief Executive". Fylde Council. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Local Government Act 1972", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1972 c. 70, retrieved 31 May 2023
- ^ "Compositions Calculator". The Elections Centre. University of Exeter. Retrieved 21 May 2025. (Put "Fylde" in search box to see specific results.)
- ^ "Fylde". BBC News Online. Retrieved 26 October 2009.
- ^ "Fylde Council leader David Eaves steps down". BBC News. 15 October 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ "Council minutes, 1 December 2014". Fylde Council. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
- ^ Durkin, Tony (30 April 2020). "Fylde Council leader steps down after six years". Blackpool Gazette. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ "Council minutes, 20 July 2020". Fylde Council. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
- ^ "Local elections 2023: live council results for England". The Guardian.
- ^ a b "Fylde". Local Councils. Thorncliffe. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
- ^ "Councillors". Fylde Council. Retrieved 30 July 2025.
- ^ "The Fylde (Electoral Changes) Order 2022", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 2022/664, retrieved 10 October 2023
- ^ "New Town Hall: Lytham St. Annes Municipal Scheme". Lancashire Daily Post. Preston. 19 May 1925. p. 3. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "No. 45573". The London Gazette. 14 January 1972. p. 583.
- ^ Planning Committee Report, 13 November 2013, Application 13/0449
- ^ "Town and parish information". Fylde Council. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
Geography of the Borough of Fylde | ||
|---|---|---|
| Towns | .svg) | |
| Villages | ||
| Parishes | ||
| Topography |
| |
Buildings and structures in the Borough of Fylde | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grade I |  | ||||
| Grade II* |
| ||||
| Grade II |
| ||||
| Unlisted |
| ||||
| Demolished | |||||
| Listed in | |||||
| Geographic | |
|---|---|
| Other | |
Borough of Fylde
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Geography and Environment
Location and Boundaries
The Borough of Fylde is a local government district situated on the western coast of Lancashire in North West England, encompassing 166 square kilometres of predominantly rural landscape along the Irish Sea shoreline.[2][1] Its administrative boundaries adjoin the Borough of Wyre and the unitary authority of Blackpool to the north, the City of Preston and the Borough of South Ribble to the east, with the Irish Sea forming the southern and western limits.[1] These boundaries reflect historical and administrative delineations established under the Local Government Act 1972, which created non-metropolitan districts like Fylde within Lancashire County. The borough's territory lies within the Fylde coastal plain, a flat, fertile region extending inland from the coast, with its extent roughly aligning with the natural geographic features of the area rather than following major rivers or ridges.[1]Topography and Physical Features
The Borough of Fylde comprises a low-lying coastal plain in western Lancashire, characterized by flat or gently undulating terrain forming part of the Fylde peninsula, which extends between the Ribble Estuary to the south and Morecambe Bay to the north.[7] Elevations are predominantly below 10 meters above sea level along the coast, with gradual inland rises contributing to a lowland landscape suitable for agriculture and urban development.[8] [9] Geologically, the area is underlain by Triassic bedrock consisting mainly of mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone formations, concealed beneath a thick mantle of Quaternary superficial deposits exceeding 30 meters in places.[9] These deposits, dominated by glacial till, glaciofluvial sands, and gravels from Pleistocene glaciations, shape the modern topography through features such as moraines and poorly drained mosslands. [10] Coastal physical features include wide sandy beaches, sand dunes, and bars along the Irish Sea frontage, while inland areas feature reclaimed marshes and peat bogs that historically influenced drainage patterns and land use.[8] The Kirkham moraine, a prominent glacial ridge, traverses the borough and affects local hydrology by directing water flow toward the coasts.[11] The overall flat profile, punctuated by these glacial landforms, renders the region vulnerable to flooding and erosion, necessitating ongoing coastal management.History
Early Development and Agricultural Roots
The Fylde area, a low-lying coastal plain in Lancashire, exhibits evidence of human activity from prehistoric times, primarily through archaeological relics such as canoes, Celtic hammers, axes, and spears discovered in peat deposits like those at Marton Mere in the 1820s.[12] Inhabited by the Setantii tribe, a subgroup of the Brigantes, early settlers engaged in hunting and foraging amid morasses and forests, constructing rudimentary dwellings of wicker or mud and practicing a Druidical faith.[12] Roman conquest under Julius Agricola in A.D. 79 introduced infrastructure like a road from the Wyre mouth to Ribchester (later known as Danes' Pad) and a station at Kirkham, alongside initial efforts in forest clearing, marsh drainage, and agriculture, enabling grain export from possible ports at the Wyre or Lune estuaries.[12] Anglo-Saxon settlement from around A.D. 449 repopulated and renamed sites like Singleton and Kirkham, establishing villages on open grounds and woodlands with a focus on pastoral economy; cattle and swine were abundant due to natural grazing, while grain remained scarce, reflecting three-quarters of land dedicated to livestock rather than arable use.[12] Crop rotation involved fallow periods, supplemented by marl as manure, and churches appeared by the 7th century in Kirkham and St. Michael's.[12] Danish invasions from 787 disrupted progress, with raids along Danes' Pad plundering villages and agriculture, though Norse place names like Westby and Ribby indicate some enduring settlement influence.[12] Following the Norman Conquest of 1066, William the Conqueror granted the Fylde to Roger de Poictou, whose holdings were surveyed in the Domesday Book of 1086, recording Poulton with 2 carucates of taxable land, Kirkham with 4, and Lytham with 2, much of it wasted from prior warfare.[13][12] Feudal manors emphasized swine breeding in abundant woods, with pawnage rights conveyed in areas like Poulton; St. Chad's Church in Poulton dates to circa 1094.[12] Agricultural expansion accelerated post-12th-century disafforestation, shifting piecemeal from pastoral dominance to mixed farming with oats, barley, and wheat yields of about 12 bushels per acre by the 13th century, supported by rude ploughs drawn by four oxen and rentals at 4d. per acre.[12][14]Industrial and Modern Expansion
The Borough of Fylde experienced limited industrial growth compared to central Lancashire's cotton mills, with early manufacturing centered on textiles in Kirkham, where the town became a key producer of sailcloth for the Royal Navy during the 19th century.[15] Local flax processing and weaving supported this sector, transitioning from domestic production to small-scale mills amid broader Lancashire industrialization driven by textiles and transport improvements.[16] The arrival of the Preston and Wyre Railway in 1835 facilitated goods transport and modest economic expansion, connecting rural Fylde to urban markets without sparking heavy industry.[17] Tourism emerged as a pivotal expansion driver in the late 19th century, particularly along the coast, with St Annes-on-Sea developed from the 1870s as a planned "Garden Town by the Sea" to attract visitors from industrial northern England, featuring promenades, gardens, and resort amenities that drew holidaymakers via expanding rail links.[18] This leisure economy complemented agriculture and light manufacturing, establishing Lytham St Annes as a high-quality seaside destination by the early 20th century.[7] Aviation industry growth marked significant modern expansion post-World War II, anchored at Warton Aerodrome in the borough, which transitioned from a 1940s USAAF repair base to English Electric's facility for jet aircraft development, including the Lightning fighter in the 1950s.[19] Acquired by British Aircraft Corporation and later BAE Systems, the site became headquarters for military air operations by 2007, employing thousands in assembly, testing, and advanced projects like the Eurofighter Typhoon, contributing to Fylde's high-value economy with substantial in-commuting. By 2023, the borough's economy reached £3.07 billion, bolstered by aerospace alongside tourism, which saw 3.19 million visitors—a 3.87% rise from 2022—despite challenges from national deindustrialization.[1][5]Demographics
Population and Growth Trends
According to the 2021 Census conducted by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the population of the Borough of Fylde stood at 81,400, marking a 7.4% increase from the 75,800 residents recorded in the 2011 Census.[3] This growth equated to an addition of approximately 5,600 individuals over the decade, reflecting steady expansion in a predominantly suburban and coastal area.[3] Mid-year population estimates from the ONS indicate continued upward trends post-2021. The population reached 83,008 by mid-2022, rising to 84,210 by mid-2023 and 85,447 by mid-2024, representing annual growth rates of around 1.5% in recent years.[20] [21] [22] These figures yield a population density of 516 persons per square kilometer across the borough's 166 square kilometers.[22] Historical data reveal a pattern of gradual population accumulation since the borough's formation in 1974, with decadal census increases consistently positive but moderated compared to urban centers. For instance, earlier estimates from the 19th century show populations around 16,500 by 1891, escalating through 20th-century suburbanization tied to Lancashire's economic shifts.[23] Recent accelerations, particularly post-2021, have been influenced by net international migration, contributing to a 1.47% year-on-year rise from mid-2023 to mid-2024.[21] Projections from Lancashire County Council, based on ONS methodologies, forecast a 21.7% population increase from 2022 levels to approximately 103,000 by 2047, driven primarily by aging demographics and modest natural change rather than high fertility rates, which have historically remained low in the borough.[2] Alternative local projections estimate growth to 92,524 by 2043 from a 2018 base of 79,770, underscoring expectations of sustained but not explosive expansion amid housing and infrastructure constraints.[24]Socio-Economic and Cultural Composition
The Borough of Fylde displays socio-economic characteristics indicative of relative affluence within Lancashire, with low overall deprivation levels; it ranked 198th out of 317 districts in the 2019 Indices of Multiple Deprivation, reflecting limited multiple deprivation across income, employment, health, education, and other domains.[2] Median personal gross incomes reached £28,500 in the most recent estimates, placing Fylde among the highest in the county and above regional averages, though household incomes vary by neighborhood from approximately £34,500 in more deprived wards to £43,600 in affluent areas like Clifton.[25][26] Employment patterns emphasize professional and managerial roles, bolstered by the BAE Systems facility at Warton Aerodrome, which drives aerospace and defense sectors, alongside tourism and public administration; workplace-based employment totals around 37,845, exceeding resident-based figures due to commuting inflows.[2] Education attainment aligns with the area's economic profile, featuring higher-than-average qualification levels, though specific 2021 census breakdowns highlight a concentration of degree-equivalent or above holders in professional households, contributing to skills in technical and administrative fields.[27] Income deprivation affects a minority, with about 11.7% of children in low-income households, underscoring pockets of disparity amid broader prosperity.[28] Culturally, Fylde remains highly homogeneous, with 96.3% of residents identifying their ethnic group as White in the 2021 census, a slight decline from 97.5% in 2011, and minimal representation from Asian (around 1.5%), Black, or mixed groups.[27][29] Religious affiliation shows Christianity as the majority at 61.6%, down from 73.7% a decade prior, while no religion rose significantly to approximately 33%, reflecting secularization trends common in rural and coastal English districts.[27] Foreign-born residents constitute a small fraction, with Germany as the leading non-UK birthplace and Polish as the top non-English language, indicative of limited recent migration and sustained reliance on domestic inflows to offset negative natural population change.[30] This composition fosters a traditional English cultural identity, centered on seaside heritage, community events, and low multiculturalism compared to urban Lancashire counterparts.[1]Governance and Politics
Council Structure and Functions
Fylde Borough Council serves as the district-level local authority for the Borough of Fylde, handling services such as planning, housing, waste management, environmental health, and leisure facilities, while Lancashire County Council manages county-wide responsibilities including education, social care, and highways.[31][32] The council operates under executive arrangements typical of English non-metropolitan districts, with decision-making delegated to a leader, cabinet, committees, and officers, overseen by the full council for major policies and budgets.[33] The council comprises 39 elected members representing 17 wards, with elections held every four years on an all-out basis using the first-past-the-post system in single-member wards.[34][35] Administrative leadership is provided by a chief executive, currently Allan Oldfield, supported by a deputy chief executive and service directors responsible for areas like planning and building control.[36] Key decision-making bodies include the full council for strategic oversight, a scrutiny committee focused on policy development, performance monitoring, and budgetary scrutiny, and other committees handling audit, standards, and licensing functions.[37][38] In addition to core services, the council enforces building regulations, collects council tax on behalf of itself and the county council, promotes economic regeneration, and maintains public spaces like parks and beaches, with specific responsibilities divided from county functions such as road maintenance and street lighting.[31][39] Governance emphasizes legal compliance, ethical standards via a members' code of conduct adopted under the Localism Act 2011, and annual statements ensuring probity in operations.[40][41]Political Control and Leadership
The Borough of Fylde is governed by Fylde Borough Council under a leader and cabinet executive model, with the Conservative Party holding majority control following the 2023 elections, which introduced new ward boundaries resulting in 37 councillors across 17 wards.[42] This structure emphasizes executive decision-making by the cabinet, while full council meetings handle key policy approvals and budgets; the council's Conservative dominance reflects the area's longstanding preference for centre-right governance, supported by consistent electoral majorities in local contests.[43] Leadership is headed by the Leader of the Council, Councillor Karen Buckley (Conservative), who assumed the role on 20 July 2020 and continues to direct strategic priorities, including responses to proposed local government reorganisation in Lancashire as of October 2025.[44] Buckley appoints and chairs the cabinet, comprising portfolio holders responsible for areas such as finance, planning, and community services, enabling focused policy implementation amid fiscal constraints typical of district councils. The Chief Executive, Allan Oldfield, has served since January 2012, overseeing operational delivery and advising on statutory duties independently of political affiliation.[45] The Mayor of Fylde serves a primarily ceremonial function, presiding over council meetings and representing the borough at civic events; the position rotates annually among councillors, with Councillor Frank Andrews (Conservative) elected as Mayor on 7 May 2025 for the 2025/26 municipal year, supported by a deputy mayor and consort.[46] Andrews' tenure focuses on community engagement and charity work, including support for Armed Forces personnel, aligning with the borough's military heritage near Warton Aerodrome. Political stability under Conservative leadership has facilitated continuity in services like planning and waste management, though external pressures such as national funding cuts and devolution proposals challenge local autonomy.[47]Elections and Recent Shifts
The Fylde Borough Council holds elections every four years, with all seats contested simultaneously. Following boundary changes recommended by the Local Government Boundary Commission for England and implemented for the 2023 cycle, the council comprises 37 members across 17 wards. In the election held on 4 May 2023, the Conservative Party retained overall control, securing 19 seats despite a net loss of one compared to prior equivalents under the old boundaries. Independent and other non-aligned candidates won 14 seats (net loss of two), Labour gained two seats for a total of two, and the Liberal Democrats gained one for a total of two.[48] [49] These results reflect a modest erosion of Conservative dominance amid national dissatisfaction with the party, though sufficient to maintain a slim majority without reliance on formal coalitions. No by-elections have materially altered the composition since 2023, with councillor terms running until 2027.[42] Broader electoral trends in the borough indicate emerging fragmentation, particularly with the advance of Reform UK. The July 2024 general election for the Fylde parliamentary constituency saw Conservatives retain the seat on 15,917 votes (33.2%), edging Labour's 15,356 (32.0%) by just 561 votes, while Reform UK polled 8,295 (17.3%)—a strong third-place showing signaling voter shifts from traditional Conservatives.[50] In the 1 May 2025 Lancashire County Council elections covering Fylde divisions, Reform UK captured the Fylde South seat with candidate David Michael Dwyer receiving 1,310 votes (36.94%), defeating Conservative and Labour challengers; Conservatives held Fylde West with 42.67% but faced tighter margins elsewhere.[51] [52] These outcomes underscore growing Reform UK traction in rural and coastal wards, potentially pressuring Conservative borough control in future cycles amid economic and immigration concerns.[53]Economy
Key Industries and Employment
The Borough of Fylde supports approximately 42,893 employees across a range of sectors, with an employment rate of 73.0% among residents aged 16 to 64 as of the year ending December 2023.[54][55] The local economy, valued at £3.07 billion in gross value added in 2023, features significant net in-commuting and high-value industries that bolster productivity.[1] Advanced manufacturing, particularly in aerospace and defense, is a dominant sector, anchored by BAE Systems' Warton Aerodrome facility, which serves as a major employer providing thousands of skilled positions in engineering and production.[56] Recent growth has been notable in professional, scientific, and technical services, reflecting the area's appeal for knowledge-intensive businesses.[54] Wholesale and retail trade, along with human health and social work, also account for substantial employment, consistent with broader Lancashire trends where these sectors comprise over half of jobs in many districts.[57] In rural Fylde, which hosts 680 registered businesses, key sectors include wholesale and retail trade, construction, and tourism-related activities, with agriculture sustaining the hinterland economy though representing a modest share of overall jobs.[58][59] Leisure, culture, and tourism collectively support about one in ten positions borough-wide.[60] As of 2022, Fylde had 3,330 VAT- and PAYE-registered businesses, underscoring a robust small and medium-sized enterprise base amid these industries.[61]Tourism and Economic Challenges
Tourism constitutes a vital component of the Borough of Fylde's economy, generating £345.7 million in 2023, equivalent to 6% of Lancashire's total tourism impact, with 3.19 million visitors marking a 3.87% increase from the prior year.[5][62] The sector attracted 5% of all Lancashire visitors that year, driven primarily by coastal resorts like Lytham St Annes, where August footfall exceeded 277,000 in a recent period, approaching pre-pandemic levels.[63][64] Events such as the Lytham Festival contributed £9 million in 2023 through direct spending on local businesses, including £3.8 million within Fylde.[65] Key attractions include the beaches and promenade of Lytham St Annes, historic sites like Lytham Hall and the Lytham Windmill, and rural features such as the Lancaster Canal and village pubs, appealing to domestic day-trippers and short-stay visitors.[1][66] St Annes and Lytham recorded top regional footfall in April 2025, with strong dwell times indicating sustained engagement.[67] However, the sector's heavy reliance on seasonal domestic tourism exposes it to fluctuations from weather, economic downturns, and competition from other UK coastal destinations. Economic challenges persist despite tourism's rebound, including over 9,000 economically inactive residents as of 2023, contributing to broader Lancashire issues like an ageing workforce and pockets of persistent unemployment.[68] While Fylde Coast employment trends have been positive with low overall unemployment, claimant counts rose in Fylde by early 2024 amid regional variations.[61][69] Tourism's seasonality exacerbates inactivity, as hospitality jobs diminish outside peak summer months, straining year-round economic stability and necessitating diversification efforts in areas like advanced manufacturing at Warton Aerodrome to mitigate over-dependence.[70]Settlements and Administration
Major Urban Centers
Lytham St Annes constitutes the principal urban center of the Borough of Fylde, encompassing the adjacent coastal districts of Lytham, Ansdell, Fairhaven, and St Annes-on-the-Sea, with a combined built-up area population of 42,689 according to the 2021 census.[71] This settlement functions as the borough's administrative hub, housing Fylde Council's headquarters in St Annes Town Hall, and supports significant retail, tourism, and residential activities along the Fylde Coast.[1] Kirkham, situated centrally in the borough, serves as a key market town with a 2021 population of 7,884, featuring historic commercial core and transport links via the Kirkham and Wesham railway station.[72] Adjacent Wesham, with 4,475 residents in 2021, complements Kirkham as a residential and commuter suburb, together forming a conurbation that facilitates access to employment in nearby Preston and the Warton Aerodrome area.[73] Freckleton, another notable urban center near the Ribble estuary, recorded a parish population of 5,837 in the 2021 census and is characterized by its proximity to industrial sites including BAE Systems' Warton facility, contributing to local aviation-related employment.[74] These centers collectively account for a substantial portion of the borough's 81,400 residents as per the 2021 census, driving economic and service provision amid Fylde's mix of urban and rural landscapes.[3]Civil Parishes and Rural Areas
The Borough of Fylde encompasses 15 civil parishes that administer local affairs in rural and semi-rural localities, excluding the unparished urban wards of Ansdell, Lytham East, Lytham West, and parts of Ansdell & Fairhaven and Park.[75][76] These parishes include:- Bryning-with-Warton Parish Council
- Elswick Parish Council
- Freckleton Parish Council
- Greenhalgh-with-Thistleton Parish Council
- Kirkham Town Council
- Little Eccleston-with-Larbreck Parish Council
- Medlar-with-Wesham Town Council
- Newton-with-Clifton Parish Council
- Ribby-with-Wrea Parish Council
- Saint Annes on the Sea Town Council
- Singleton Parish Council
- Staining Parish Council
- Treales, Roseacre & Wharles Parish Council
- Weeton-with-Preese Parish Council
- Westby-with-Plumptons Parish Council[75][76]
Infrastructure and Services
Transport Networks
The Borough of Fylde is primarily accessed by road via the M55 motorway, a 20-mile route known as the Preston Northern Bypass that links Junction 32 of the M6 near Preston to the Fylde Coast, facilitating connections to Blackpool and beyond.[79] This motorway, opened in stages between 1973 and 1987, handles significant seasonal traffic volumes, often exceeding capacity during peak summer periods.[79] Supporting A-roads include the A583, which parallels the M55 from Preston through Kirkham to Blackpool over 17 miles, and the coastal A584 linking Lytham St Annes to Cleveleys.[80] The A585 provides northern access toward Fleetwood, though it experiences congestion at junctions like Five Lane Ends near Singleton.[81] Rail services in Fylde operate along the South Fylde Line, a branch of the Blackpool lines connecting Preston on the West Coast Main Line to Blackpool South, with hourly diesel services managed by Northern Trains.[82] Stations within the borough include Salwick (opened 1940), Kirkham & Wesham (1840, with four trains per hour to Preston), Moss Side (request stop), Lytham (1863), Ansdell & Fairhaven (1863), and St Annes-on-the-Sea (1873), serving local commuters and tourists to coastal areas.[82] The line, electrified in parts but reliant on diesel multiple units, carries approximately 300,000 passengers annually across its Fylde segments.[82] Bus networks are dominated by Blackpool Transport, which operates over 20 routes covering Fylde settlements like Lytham St Annes, Kirkham, and Wesham, with services extending from Fleetwood to Preston via high-frequency lines such as the 11 and 76.[83] Complementary operators include Archway Travel for rural links and Stagecoach for select inter-urban routes, supported by Lancashire County Council's subsidized services under the Transport Act 1985 framework.[84] Fares typically range from £2 single tickets under the county's hopper scheme, with real-time tracking available via operator apps.[84] Aviation infrastructure centers on Warton Aerodrome, a 1970s-era facility in the borough's southwest near Freckleton, primarily used by BAE Systems for military aircraft testing, assembly, and flight trials rather than scheduled public passenger services.[85] It holds a Civil Aviation Authority ordinary license (P748) permitting occasional public transport flights or instruction as authorized, but the site remains closed to general public access, with operations focused on defense exports and VIP charters. No commercial airports operate within Fylde for civilian passenger traffic; nearby Blackpool Airport serves general aviation but lies outside the borough boundary.Education and Healthcare Provision
Education in the Borough of Fylde is administered by Lancashire County Council, which maintains a network of 25 primary schools and three local authority secondary schools serving pupils aged 11 to 16.[2] The secondary schools include Lytham St Annes High School, Carr Hill High School and Sixth Form, and St Bede's Catholic High School and Sixth Form.[86] Independent options, such as Kirkham Grammar School, provide additional secondary education.[87] Attainment levels in primary schools, measured by Key Stage 2 results in reading, writing, and maths, averaged 44.5% of pupils meeting expected standards in 2023/24, closely aligning with the Lancashire average of 44.9%.[2] Ofsted inspections indicate a mix of ratings across schools, with many primary and secondary institutions judged "good," though some require improvement, reflecting ongoing efforts to address variability in performance.[88] Post-16 education is primarily provided by Blackpool and The Fylde College, a general further education institution offering vocational and academic courses in fields such as engineering, science, and computing, with campuses accessible to Fylde residents.[89] The college achieved a Gold rating in the Teaching Excellence Framework in 2023, the highest in Lancashire, recognizing excellence in teaching quality and student outcomes.[90] Healthcare provision emphasizes primary care through approximately 20 GP practices distributed across the borough's towns and parishes, supplemented by community services. Acute and emergency services are delivered by Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, primarily at Blackpool Victoria Hospital, which handles around 75,000 emergency attendances annually for the Fylde Coast population, including Fylde residents.[91] Local community hospital care is available at Clifton Hospital in Lytham St Annes, offering inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient clinics, and minor procedures under the same trust.[92] Private facilities, such as Spire Fylde Coast Hospital, provide elective procedures and accept select NHS referrals.[93] Life expectancy in Fylde exceeds national averages, with males recording significantly higher figures than England's 79.1 years (2021-2023), while females stand at 82.9 years, comparable to the England average of 83.0 years; these outcomes correlate with the borough's relatively affluent demographics and lower deprivation levels compared to broader Lancashire.[94][95]Culture, Tourism, and Notable Features
Attractions and Leisure
The Borough of Fylde boasts a range of coastal attractions centered on its beaches and promenades, particularly in Lytham St Annes, where the foreshore includes historical gardens, buildings, and facilities supporting tourism and events.[96] St Annes Beach features a wide sandy expanse suitable for walking and recreation, complemented by the adjacent promenade gardens.[97] Fairhaven Lake, a man-made saltwater lake situated between Lytham and St Annes, serves as a key leisure site with boating opportunities, walking trails, an adventure play area including swings, zipwires, and climbing frames, and toddler facilities.[98] Other notable parks include Lowther Gardens in Lytham and Ashton Gardens in St Annes, providing green spaces for relaxation and community activities.[97] Golfing represents a prominent leisure pursuit, with five courses in the borough: Royal Lytham & St Annes Golf Club, renowned for hosting major championships including The Open; St Annes Old Links; Fairhaven; Green Drive; and Staining Lodge.[99] Royal Lytham, established in 1886, features classic links terrain and has hosted The Open 11 times, most recently in 2012.[100] Historical sites such as Lytham Hall, an 18th-century estate with gardens, and Lytham Windmill, a restored 19th-century structure, offer cultural attractions amid rural landscapes.[101] Leisure extends to countryside walks in parishes like Singleton and Elswick, alongside facilities at Ribby Hall Village for family-oriented activities including pools and entertainment.[101]Achievements and Criticisms
The Borough of Fylde has received recognition for advancements in urban regeneration, notably the completion of Phase 1 of the St Annes Masterplan in 2025, which refurbished the town square to enhance community events and public spaces.[102] This initiative forms part of the council's broader Corporate Plan 2024-2028, which documents progress in infrastructure upgrades, economic development, and community engagement across the district.[102] Additionally, in 2024, Fylde secured 22 In Bloom awards and 19 It's Your Neighbourhood awards, highlighting effective local environmental and horticultural efforts supported by council programs.[103] The council organizes annual Fylde Community Sports Awards, which in 2025 shortlisted record entries across categories such as Coach of the Year, Club of the Year, and Young Achiever, promoting grassroots sports participation and recognizing volunteer contributions.[104] Collaborative initiatives with partners have also contributed to crime reduction, with council statements emphasizing joint actions that have benefited residents' safety in 2025.[105] Criticisms of Fylde Borough Council have centered on planning decisions, including the 2025 overturning of its refusal for a housing development in Wrea Green by a planning inspector, prompting local MP Andrew Snowden to call for a review due to concerns over community impact and policy adherence.[106] The Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman has upheld complaints against the council, such as delays in addressing dangerous dogs in 2021 and inadequate consideration of commercial use in a 2021 planning approval, finding fault in procedural handling.[107] [108] Further scrutiny arose from a 2022 incident where a Fylde councillor described nearby Blackpool as resembling "Chernobyl," defending the remark as non-targeted but drawing backlash for inflammatory language amid inter-authority tensions.[109] Resident consultations in 2025 on potential Lancashire-wide council reorganization revealed widespread opposition, with nearly two-thirds against scrapping district structures like Fylde's, citing risks to localized services such as sewage management and asset protection.[110] The council has expressed concerns over national planning policy shifts toward less structured, application-by-application approvals, arguing they undermine borough-led strategies.[111]References
- https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:History_of_the_Fylde_of_Lancashire_%28IA_historyoffyldeof00portiala%29.pdf/232