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Howard Jonas
Howard Jonas
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Howard S. Jonas (born 2 June 1956) is an American businessman, and the founder of IDT Corporation[1] and Genie Energy.[2]

Biography

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Jonas graduated from The Bronx High School of Science and then received a B.A. in economics from Harvard University in 1978.[3] Although not raised an Orthodox Jew, he funds a range of Orthodox as well as other Jewish causes across the ideological spectrum, and has made major investments in Israel as well. It is estimated that 25 to 40 percent of the 5,000 employees at IDT are Orthodox.[citation needed]

Career

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Jonas is the founder and has been President of Jonas Media Group since its inception in 1979.

In August 1990, Jonas founded IDT Corp. (NYSE: IDT) and has been chairman of the board since its inception. He was CEO of the company from December 1991 until July 2001, president from December 1991 to September 1996 and treasurer from inception to 2002.

Jonas has also been the chairman of the board of directors of IDT Telecom, since December 1999 and a director of IDT Capital, Inc. since September 2004. He was co-chairman of the board of directors of IDT Entertainment, Inc. from November 2004 until August 2006. Since August 2006, Jonas has been a director of Starz Media Holdings, LLC, Starz Media, LLC and Starz Foreign Holdings, LLC, each of which is an affiliate of the company. Jonas is also the founder and has been president of Jonas Publishing since its inception in 1979. He was the chairman of the board of directors of Net2Phone from October 2001 to October 2004, the vice chairman of the board of directors of Net2Phone from October 2004 to June 2006 and has been the chairman since June 2006.

Jonas is the founder of Genie Energy (NYSE: GNE, GNEPRA) and was its chairman since it was spun off from IDT Corporation in October 2011. In addition, he has been a director of IDT Energy since June 2007. In 2013, Genie Energy was granted exclusive oil and gas exploration rights in the southern part of the Golan Heights by the Netanyahu government. Jonas was CEO of Genie Energy from January 2014 until November 2017.[4]

In May 2017, the businessman and telecom speculator agreed to sell one of his companies, Straight Path Communications, a long-struggling wireless venture, to Verizon Communications for $3.1 billion.[5]

Jonas is chairman of the board and chief executive officer at Rafael Holdings. He has been a director of Rafael Pharmaceuticals since April 2013 and was appointed chairman of the board in April 2016.[6]

Publications

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In 2006, Jonas published his second book: I'm Not the Boss, I Just Work Here.[3] An article by Jonas entitled "But Will Good Character Pay My Bills?" appeared in an anthology of articles compiled and edited by Moshe Kaplan in 2008 entitled Be a Mensch,.[7] He also wrote a book called On a Roll.[8]

References

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Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia
from Grokipedia
Howard S. Jonas (born c. 1956) is an American serial entrepreneur and philanthropist renowned for founding in August 1990, developing it into a major telecommunications firm that pioneered international callback technology, prepaid calling cards, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to drastically reduce calling costs. A graduate of the Bronx High School of Science and , where he earned a B.A. in in three years, Jonas launched his first venture—a —at age 14 and established Jonas Media Group in 1979 before 's inception, motivated initially by high international call rates for his sales office. Under Jonas's leadership as chairman since IDT's founding and CEO during key periods (1991–2001 and 2009–2013), the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 1996, yielding him over $100 million personally while expanding to serve more than 225 countries with $1.8 billion in annual revenue and no debt by the early 2000s. He orchestrated spin-offs including Net2Phone, Genie Energy Ltd., IDW Media Holdings, Zedge, and Rafael Holdings, retaining chairmanships in several and diversifying into energy exploration, publishing (e.g., Star Trek comics via IDW), and other sectors. Married to Debbie Jonas with nine children, he resides modestly in Riverdale, New York, despite substantial wealth accrued from these enterprises. Jonas is a significant , channeling approximately $20 million annually through and foundations, with about 70% directed to Jewish causes such as job-creating call centers in during economic hardships and support for various communal organizations. His business decisions, like early innovations that cut international call costs by 95%, exemplify opportunistic amid telecom , though ventures such as a proposed project in Israel's Judean lowlands faced regulatory setbacks in 2014.

Early Life and Education

Childhood and Early Interests

Howard Jonas was born on June 2, 1956, in , New York, where he grew up in a secular Jewish household characterized by modest means, with family practices including purchasing items on sale or with coupons. His early years were shaped by close family ties, including weekends spent with his observant grandmother, who instilled values of resilience, self-sacrifice, and joy amid hardship from her experiences as a Depression-era . Jonas enjoyed simple pleasures with her, such as watching old movies and reading , which fostered an appreciation for character-building narratives. Despite his family's non-observant background, Jonas was expelled from as a for disruptive , yet he developed an interest in during his teenage years, attending a Conservative in high school and becoming intrigued by traditional concepts like after reading the Chumash at age 17, particularly the idea of the Yovel year. This influence from his orthodox grandmother contrasted with his secular upbringing and marked an early curiosity in religious and cultural depth. Jonas displayed an early entrepreneurial drive, working at the Bronx Zoo and a local butcher shop before, at age 14 in 1970, launching a hot dog stand outside a hospital near a methadone clinic and bar, with his father assisting in its construction. This venture taught him practical business skills, people interaction, and a preference for decisive action and quality over excessive planning, setting the foundation for his lifelong pattern of hustling and opportunity-seeking.

Formal Education

Jonas attended the Bronx High School of Science, a public magnet high school in the Bronx, New York, known for its rigorous STEM curriculum, from which he graduated prior to college. He subsequently enrolled at Harvard University, completing an accelerated program and earning an A.B. in Economics in 1978 after three years of study. No advanced degrees are recorded in biographical accounts from corporate or professional profiles.

Business Career

Early Entrepreneurial Ventures

Jonas began his entrepreneurial career at the age of 14 on July 23, 1970, when he set up a homemade in a parking lot in , positioned near a to capitalize on foot traffic from visitors and patients. This venture, detailed in his On a Roll: From Hot Dog Buns to High-Tech Billions, marked his initial foray into , driven by a desire to earn independently rather than through traditional jobs. The stand's location choice reflected early pragmatic business instincts, targeting high-demand areas despite the unconventional setting. Following the hot dog stand, Jonas pursued a series of small-scale enterprises, including distributing travel brochures, producing business-to-business directories, and operating a mail-order service for bonsai Christmas trees. These activities built on direct sales and skills, transitioning from street vending to more structured distribution and catalog-based operations, eventually scaling to one of the larger direct-mail businesses in the United States by the late . Such ventures honed his experience in customer acquisition and , providing foundational revenue streams post his 1978 Harvard with an economics degree. In 1979, at age 23, Jonas formalized these efforts by founding Jonas Media Group, initially known as Jonas Publishing, where he served as president. The company focused on publishing and media services, including directories and direct-mail campaigns that supported international outreach, inadvertently exposing Jonas to high costs in overseas that later inspired his telecom innovations. This entity represented a consolidation of his prior hustles into a more professional operation, emphasizing scalable print and distribution models amid the era's analog marketing landscape.

Founding and Growth of IDT Corporation

Howard Jonas founded International Discount Telecommunications () in August 1990 in , New York, initially as an overseas callback service designed to circumvent high international calling rates. The impetus stemmed from Jonas's experience operating a sales office in , where exorbitant phone charges prompted him to invest $1,200 in an automatic-dialing device to enable cheaper call reorigination by routing calls through lower-rate U.S. lines. This bootstrapped approach, largely self-funded without significant external capital, allowed to secure its first major customer, , for the 1992 Olympics, and grow to 150 customers by the end of 1991. IDT expanded rapidly in the early by diversifying into wholesale services. In 1992, the company sold a 14% stake to investors for $1.4 million and relocated its headquarters to , to support scaling operations. By 1993, entered the domestic long-distance market as a wholesale carrier, achieving monthly revenues of $400,000 and serving 1,000 customers across 60 countries. Innovations followed, including in 1994 and the renaming to in 1995, coinciding with fiscal year revenue of $10.8 million. The company pioneered voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology with the launch of PC2Phone in 1996, enabling computer-to-phone calls, and began marketing prepaid calling cards in January 1997, which revolutionized consumer access to affordable international dialing. Financial growth accelerated through the decade, driven by these telecom advancements and international expansion. IDT went public on the New York Stock Exchange on March 15, 1996, raising $42.78 million, with Jonas personally realizing over $100 million from the offering. Revenues surged from $57.69 million in fiscal 1996 to $135.19 million in 1997, $335.38 million in 1998, and a peak of $732.18 million in 1999, when the company recorded its first annual profit of $2.92 million. By the early 2000s, IDT had established operations serving over 225 countries, maintained near-zero debt, amassed more than $1 billion in cash reserves, and earned a spot on the Fortune 1000 list, reflecting its transition from a niche callback provider to a major global telecommunications player under Jonas's leadership.

Spinoffs, Acquisitions, and Other Ventures

, under Howard Jonas's leadership, executed multiple spinoffs to unlock value from non-core assets, distributing shares to shareholders while retaining operational focus on and payments. The first major spinoff occurred in September 2009 with IDW Media Holdings, Inc., a and entity IDT had acquired in 2007; Jonas remained chairman post-spinoff. In October 2011, IDT spun off Ltd. (NYSE: GNE), comprising its alternative subsidiaries including exploration interests; Jonas became chairman and guided its focus on global opportunities. In 2013, IDT distributed shares of Straight Path Communications Inc., which held wireless spectrum licenses and patent assets, to stockholders; this entity later attracted significant acquisition interest due to its holdings. Subsequent spinoffs included , Inc., a mobile platform, detached in June 2016 to pursue independent app strategies. In March 2018, completed the spinoff of Rafael Holdings, Inc., a with investments in and biopharmaceuticals seeded with approximately $50 million in cash; Jonas assumed roles as chairman and , emphasizing opportunistic investments. On the acquisition front, re-acquired Net2Phone, an early voice-over-IP pioneer Jonas had launched in 1996 and partially sold to for over $1.1 billion in 2000, purchasing it back in February 2006 to reintegrate internet telephony capabilities. Other ventures tied to Jonas include development of the USB VoIP device through IDT subsidiary YMAX Corporation starting in 2007, which generated recurring subscription revenue but remained integrated within IDT's portfolio rather than spun off. These moves reflect Jonas's strategy of divesting underperforming or specialized units to concentrate on high-margin core operations while deploying capital into targeted opportunities.

Leadership Roles and Recent Developments

Howard Jonas has served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of since founding the company in 1990, though he stepped down as following the expiration of his employment agreement in an unspecified prior period. He maintains significant influence over 's subsidiaries, including co-chairing IDT Telecom, Inc. At Ltd., spun off from in October 2011, Jonas has been Chairman of the Board since the separation and previously held the role. Jonas assumed the role of Chairman of Rafael Holdings, Inc. on August 17, 2017, advancing to Executive Chairman on June 13, 2022, while also serving as President and ; the firm, originating as a spin-off from , focuses on life sciences investments and . He similarly chairs the board of IDW Media Holdings, Inc., having led as CEO from February 2019 to April 2020. In recent developments, IDT Corporation secured a favorable ruling on October 3, 2023, in litigation stemming from the 2017 sale of Straight Path Communications, where Jonas, as controlling shareholder, faced allegations of fiduciary breach but was deemed to owe no damages due to the transaction's fairness to minority holders. Jonas has continued active involvement in real estate projects, including as managing member of the $30 million Arlington Suites mixed-use development in the Bronx, New York. As of 2024, he executed multiple share dispositions across affiliated entities, reflecting ongoing portfolio management.

Philanthropy and Advocacy

Charitable Giving Practices

Howard Jonas and his wife, , have committed to donating more than 20 percent of their annual income to charitable causes, with a preference for initiatives aiding the impoverished. Their giving is channeled primarily through the Howard S. and Jonas Foundation, established as a that disburses grants to various charitable organizations. In 2023, the foundation reported assets of $28,063,148 and paid out $6,355,000 in grants, reflecting a pattern of variable but substantial annual distributions that have ranged from $249,575 in 2010 to over $8 million in 2018. Jonas also directs philanthropy via the IDT Charitable Foundation, associated with his company , which supports a range of organizations. Combined efforts through the family and corporate foundations have historically amounted to approximately $20 million per year, demonstrating a structured, foundation-based approach to large-scale giving rather than contributions. This practice emphasizes sustained support over sporadic donations, with Jonas expressing a that prioritizes impactful to foster , as evidenced by his critiques of dependency-perpetuating models in areas like Israeli funding. His involvement extends to targeted endorsements, such as support for the Gift of Life Foundation, where he has been honored for contributions advancing donation efforts. Overall, Jonas's practices align with high personal sacrifice in giving—exceeding typical benchmarks—while leveraging institutional vehicles for efficient, verifiable distribution.

Focus on Jewish and Israeli Causes

Jonas and his wife, , have directed substantial toward Jewish causes through their family foundation and IDT's foundation, donating approximately $20 million annually, with roughly 70 percent allocated to Jewish organizations. This commitment positions them among the world's leading Jewish philanthropists, as they contribute more than 20 percent of their income to charitable endeavors, including support for health initiatives and hospitals within the Jewish community. Although not raised in an Orthodox household, Jonas funds a broad spectrum of Orthodox Jewish causes, estimating that 25 to 40 percent of their donations support such efforts, spanning ideological differences within . Their giving extends to educational and communal institutions, reflecting a personal evolution toward deeper Jewish observance; in the early 2000s, Jonas became more religiously engaged, establishing initiatives aligned with traditional Jewish values. In support of Israeli causes, Jonas has backed economic and security-enhancing projects, notably through Israel Energy Initiatives (IEI), a company he chaired that pursued exploration in the Judean Lowlands to achieve , arguing it would bolster Israel's economy and military defenses. The proposed operations faced environmental opposition and were ultimately rejected by Israeli authorities in 2014, highlighting tensions between resource development and ecological concerns. Additionally, Jonas has contributed to pro- political action committees, such as NorPAC, with donations including $2,500 in 2020, aiding candidates favorable to strong U.S.- ties. Jonas's philanthropy also aids Israeli institutions like Rambam Medical Center in , where family-hosted events in 2020 raised funds through of Rambam, underscoring support for advanced . He has further endorsed organizations such as One Israel Fund, which provides aid to Jewish communities in and , aligning with efforts to sustain Israeli presence in contested territories. These activities demonstrate a consistent emphasis on strengthening Israel's strategic and communal resilience amid geopolitical challenges.

Other Initiatives

Howard Jonas serves as chairman of Rafael Pharmaceuticals, a developing cancer metabolism-based therapeutics aimed at treating solid tumors such as . Following the 2017 sale of Straight Path Communications for $3.1 billion, Jonas invested a portion of the proceeds into the firm to advance its pipeline, including drugs targeting enzymes that fuel growth while sparing healthy cells. Clinical trials have reported complete remissions in some patients, with plans for randomized studies involving over 500 participants and potential FDA submission post-mid-2021, though broader applications to other cancers remain under evaluation. Through the Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation, established in 1999, Jonas supports U.S.-focused efforts in , , , , , children's welfare, women's programs, and services for individuals with and disabilities, distributing $2-5 million annually in grants averaging $20,000 each. The foundation prioritizes initiatives aiding the impoverished and underserved populations. Jonas and have directed philanthropy to non-Jewish organizations, with particular emphasis on programs benefiting Latino communities, reflecting a broader commitment to diverse social welfare causes.

Personal Life

Family and Relationships

Howard Jonas married Deborah "Debbie" Jonas, whom he met while attending ; both later attended . The couple has resided in , New York, and established the Howard S. and Deborah Jonas Foundation in , in 1999 to support various philanthropic efforts. Jonas and his wife have nine children, including sons Shmuel, who serves as chief executive officer of ; Davidi, who managed Straight Path Communications; and Michael, who participated in exploration initiatives. Jonas has integrated family members into his business operations, reflecting a priority on familial involvement amid his entrepreneurial pursuits. By 2021, the family included 24 grandchildren. Jonas has publicly emphasized the centrality of family to his life, crediting his wife for providing essential support during professional challenges.

Health Challenges and Mental Health Advocacy

Jonas experienced two major episodes of clinical depression, the first from 1992 to 1993 amid the pressures of founding and expanding , during which he contemplated but began recovering after a family vacation to . The second episode occurred between 1998 and 1999, triggered by his wife's tumor diagnosis and a house fire, leaving him incapacitated for weeks—unable to shower or function normally—and in a condition he characterized as surpassing . These bouts rendered him nonfunctional at times, with initial psychiatric interventions and medications exacerbating his distress rather than alleviating it. Recovery involved switching to effective antidepressants, consulting different physicians, and adopting personal strategies such as consistent exercise and confronting fears through challenges like and parachuting, which helped manage recurring anxiety about relapse. Jonas integrated emerging religious into his coping mechanisms, viewing it as a stabilizing force amid business and personal turmoil. Jonas has advocated for awareness by publicly documenting his experiences in the I'm Not the Boss, I Just Work Here, first published in 2004 and reissued in September 2020 to foreground his depression narrative alongside themes of faith-driven resilience. In the book and subsequent interviews, he emphasizes persistence in treatment, family bonds, and spiritual practice as keys to overcoming such illnesses, aiming to destigmatize clinical depression within professional and religious communities. This openness, drawn from his high-achieving yet vulnerable life, counters tendencies toward silence on by modeling recovery through empirical trial-and-error in combined with personal discipline.

Straight Path Communications Litigation

In 2017, initiated litigation against its former subsidiary, Straight Path Communications Inc., asserting indemnification claims for approximately $16 million in liabilities related to FCC spectrum license obligations stemming from a 2000 transaction. Straight Path, which had been spun off from in 2013 with Howard Jonas retaining controlling ownership through family trusts holding about 66% of the voting power, formed a special committee of independent directors to evaluate and negotiate the dispute. The committee ultimately settled the claims for $10 million paid by Straight Path to in October 2017, releasing potential counterclaims and contingent rights that plaintiffs later argued could have been worth hundreds of millions given Straight Path's subsequent $3.1 billion acquisition by Verizon Communications Inc. in February 2018. Minority shareholders filed a consolidated , In re Straight Path Communications Inc. Consolidated Stockholder Litigation (C.A. No. 2017-0486-SG), in the on July 5, 2017, alleging that Jonas, , and Straight Path's then-CEO Davidi Jonas (Howard's son) breached fiduciary duties by coercing an unfair settlement that improperly diverted value from Straight Path's minority stockholders to and Jonas-controlled entities. Plaintiffs claimed the settlement undervalued Straight Path's defenses and potential offsets, seeking damages exceeding $600 million. The court denied defendants' motion to dismiss on June 25, 2018, a ruling affirmed by the on February 22, 2019, and later denied summary judgment on February 17, 2022, applying entire fairness review due to Jonas's status as a controlling stockholder. Following a , Vice Chancellor Sam Glasscock III issued a post- memorandum on October 3, 2023, finding that Jonas breached his duties through an unfair , including improper overreach into the special committee's deliberations and pressure to accept the $10 million settlement despite evidence of its limited value. However, the determined the settlement price itself was fair and economically reasonable, as independent valuations confirmed IDT's indemnification claim held negligible worth—potentially zero—absent the release of broader contingent rights, resulting in no compensable harm to shareholders and only nominal awarded to the lead plaintiff. A separate $12.5 million settlement with Davidi Jonas was approved on December 27, 2022. On October 29, 2024, the rejected plaintiffs' counsel's application for $9.5 million in attorneys' fees, citing the minimal recovery. Plaintiffs appealed the ruling in October 2025, with the case ongoing as of that date.

Other Business Disputes

In 2013, former IDT executive Yoav Krill filed suit against IDT Corporation and Howard Jonas in Essex County Superior Court, alleging breach of a $2.5 million termination agreement stemming from Krill's brief tenure as CEO of Teligent Inc., a company IDT had attempted to acquire amid its financial distress. Krill claimed IDT failed to honor severance terms after the acquisition collapsed and his role ended. A fraud claim against Jonas was dismissed, but the breach of contract count proceeded, with the Appellate Division upholding damages awarded to Krill in 2017 based on the agreement's enforceability. In Jewett v. IDT Corporation (filed 2004, D.N.J.), plaintiff D. Michael Jewett pursued a against IDT and executives including Jonas, alleging misleading disclosures about risks in international operations, potentially involving (FCPA) violations such as improper payments to foreign officials for telecom licenses. The case highlighted IDT's aggressive expansion into emerging markets, where such practices were alleged to have inflated revenues without adequate transparency to investors. was granted in favor of defendants on key claims in 2010, though related whistleblower proceedings continued into 2007, examining allegations in IDT's overseas subsidiaries. IDT Corporation initiated litigation against Touro College in 2007 (D.N.J.), disputing terms of an agreement under which IDT had explored providing discounted services to the institution, initiated by contact from Touro's founder Bernard Lander to Jonas. The suit centered on alleged breaches related to service provision and potential funding commitments, reflecting tensions in IDT's efforts to secure educational sector contracts. The matter resolved without a public trial verdict, consistent with IDT's pattern of settling operational disputes to refocus on core telecom and spinoff activities.

Publications and Writings

Key Books and Themes

Howard Jonas has authored three notable books that reflect his experiences in , , and personal adversity. His first, On a Roll: From Hot Dog Buns to High-Tech Billions, published in 1998 by Viking, chronicles his entrepreneurial ascent from operating a near a in to founding and scaling into a multibillion-dollar firm by leveraging innovative international calling rates that undercut established carriers. The book emphasizes themes of bold risk-taking, spotting market inefficiencies through simple ideas, and achieving self-made success without formal training, portraying Jonas's path as a David-versus-Goliath in the competitive telecom industry of the 1990s. In I'm Not the Boss, I Just Work Here, republished in 2020 by Toby Press (an imprint associated with Koren Publishers), Jonas explores ethical leadership and the integration of Jewish principles into corporate decision-making, drawing from insights to argue for maintaining personal integrity amid financial pressures. The highlights in —evident in its title suggesting a spiritual deference to higher authority—while sharing lessons on family priorities, visionary persistence, and rejecting conventional expectations in favor of principled . Reviewers note its inspirational tone for readers seeking balance between professional ambition and moral grounding, with Jonas advocating adherence to beliefs as a pathway to sustainable success. Jonas's third book, Faith and Depression, released in 2012 by Gefen Publishing House in collaboration with IDW, details his struggles with clinical depression during IDT's growth and the dot-com era, crediting a return to Orthodox Jewish observance as pivotal to his recovery and renewed business focus. It underscores themes of resilience through religious , rejecting secular therapeutic norms alone in favor of spiritual reconnection, and defying investor-driven pressures to prioritize personal well-being, positioning as a practical tool for enduring professional volatility. Across these works, recurrent motifs include the fusion of with , portraying not as obstructive but as a competitive edge in ; resilience against setbacks, from market disruptions to personal crises; and a of materialistic success metrics, favoring holistic fulfillment rooted in religious observance and . Jonas consistently attributes his achievements to first-hand over elite credentials, while cautioning against over-reliance on transient wealth, as evidenced by his survival of the internet bubble burst when many contemporaries faltered. These themes align with his broader advocacy for principled risk-taking, informed by empirical outcomes rather than ideological conformity.

Strategic and Personal Insights

In : From Hot Dog Buns to High-Tech Billions (1998), Jonas outlines a strategic centered on relentless and conviction-driven , recounting how he transformed modest ventures like street vending into by exploiting market inefficiencies, such as international callback services that undercut AT&T's monopoly on overseas calls in the early 1990s. He emphasizes that formal credentials matter less than personal resolve, advocating pivots and refinements—ideate, test, adapt—as core to scaling from a $100,000 startup in 1984 to a multibillion-dollar firm by 1996. Jonas's approach rejects bureaucratic inertia, favoring flat hierarchies and rapid execution; he credits IDT's growth to hiring autodidacts over graduates and maintaining operational frugality, like operating from a Newark warehouse rather than lavish offices, which preserved capital for aggressive expansion into domestic resale by 1993. In I'm Not the Boss, I Just Work Here: Insights and Lessons from the Founder of America's #1 Telecom Company (2006), Jonas fuses strategic counsel with personal candor, arguing that Torah-derived ethics—such as honest weights in dealings and observance—fortify business resilience against moral hazards, countering secular profit-maximization that invites ruin. He illustrates this through IDT's refusal to compromise on billing transparency amid 1990s telecom , positing that character-driven decisions, though initially costly, yield compounding advantages like employee loyalty and regulatory favor. Personally, Jonas discloses battles with clinical depression in the late 1990s and early , triggered by pressures and crises, yet attributes recovery to Orthodox Jewish faith, viewing setbacks as divine prompts for redirection rather than endpoints. He stresses spousal and communal support as antidotes to isolation, warning that unchecked ambition erodes mental fortitude without spiritual anchors, a lesson drawn from near-suicidal episodes averted by and familial intervention around 1999–2000. These reflections underscore his belief in prosperity as a byproduct of covenantal living, not isolated hustle, challenging materialist narratives of success.

References

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