Hubbry Logo
IMR-2IMR-2Main
Open search
IMR-2
Community hub
IMR-2
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
IMR-2
IMR-2
IMR-2
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

The IMR-2 is a Soviet and Russian tracked military engineering vehicle built on T-72 main battle tank chassis. IMR stands for Inzhenernaya Mashina Razgrazhdeniya (Russian: инженерная машина разграждения-2; ИМР-2), meaning "Clearing Engineering Vehicle".

Key Information

Development of the IMR-2 begun in 1970s and completed in 1980, while commercial production commenced in 1982. IMR-2 was developed to replace aging IMR which was built on the basis of T-54/55 tank. The IMR-2 combat engineering vehicle is in service with Russian Army and some foreign militaries. It took part in the Soviet–Afghan War, First Chechen War, Second Chechen War, Russian invasion of Ukraine and was in addition used in relief operations after the Chernobyl disaster.[1]

Design

[edit]

IMR-2 was derived from the T-72 tank. The turret of the T-72 was replaced with a new rotating multipurpose telescopic crane. The IMR-2 has a bulldozer blade fitted on the front of the hull, which has a V shape and a straight shape and a 200 – 250 m3/h capacity. When not required, the blade is folded upwards. Stone barriers can be cleared at the rate of 280 to 350 meter an hour while trenches and tree barriers can be filled in at the rate of 350 to 400 m3/h.

A 12.7 mm NSVT machine gun is mounted on the crew operator/commander cabin, for the self-protection of the vehicle.

Propulsion

[edit]

The IMR-2 is powered by a multi-fuel water-cooled diesel engine V-84Ms developing 840 hp, the same engine used in the T-72. The IMR-2 can run at a maximum road speed of 50 km/h with a maximum range of 500 km. The IMR-2 uses the same torsion bar suspension as the main battle tank T-72, which consists of six road wheels on each side.

This combat engineering vehicle is operated by a 2-man crew.[1]

Variants

[edit]
IMR built on a T-55 hull in Odesa
  • IMR: First version of combat engineering vehicle built on T-54/55 medium battle tank chassis, powered by a V-55 diesel engine developing 520 hp.[2]
  • IMR-2M1: Simplified model without the mine-clearing system. Entered service in 1982. Based on T-72A tank hull.
  • IMR-2M2: Improved version that is better suited for operations in dangerous situations, for example in contaminated areas. It entered service in 1990 and has a modified crane arm with bucket instead off the pincers.
  • IMR-2MA: Latest version with bigger operator's cabin armed with a 12.7 mm machine gun NSV.
  • Klin-1: Remote controlled IMR-2.
  • IMR-3M: Combat engineering vehicle built on the T-90 main battle tank chassis. The vehicle is 9,320 mm long, 3,500 mm wide and 3,430 mm high and weighs 49.5 t with the KMT-RZ minesweeping device. The IMR-3M is powered by an 840-hp V-84MS multifuel diesel engine, producing a maximum speed of 60 km/h and a range of 500 km. The baseline AEV is fitted with a U-type dozer blade, jib-type crane with an excavator bucket, and minesweeping plow. A chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear [CBRN] reconnaissance device, smokescreen generator, advanced signal suite and automatic fire extinguisher are fitted. The IMR-3M is armed with an NSVT 12.7 mm heavy machinegun [HMG] in a remotely controlled station. Production started in 2016 and is currently ongoing.[3][4] IMR-3M is capable of fording water barriers up to 5 m deep along the bottom.[5]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

IMR-2

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The IMR-2 is a tracked combat engineering vehicle developed by the in the and introduced in , constructed on the chassis of the to perform obstacle-clearing and route-proving tasks in combat environments. Powered by a V-84-1 V-12 producing 840 horsepower, it achieves a maximum road speed of 50 km/h and features a multipurpose dozer blade, crane, and twin rotating excavator arms for breaching fortifications, clearing debris, and digging. Designed to replace earlier IMR models based on T-55 tanks, the IMR-2 enhances armored unit mobility by neutralizing minefields, anti-tank ditches, and rubble under fire, with its armored cab protecting a crew of two against small arms and shell fragments. It has been deployed in conflicts including the Soviet-Afghan War, the Chechen Wars, and more recently in the by both Russian and Ukrainian forces, demonstrating its durability despite vulnerabilities to modern anti-tank weapons. A notable non-combat application occurred during the 1986 cleanup, where IMR-2 units cleared radioactive debris, though many were rendered unusable due to contamination. Variants such as the IMR-2M and IMR-2M1 incorporate upgrades like improved and reactive armor for enhanced survivability.

Development

Origins and Requirements

The IMR-2 combat engineering originated from Soviet efforts in the 1970s to modernize obstacle-clearing capabilities within armored formations, addressing the shortcomings of the earlier IMR , which relied on the obsolete T-54/55 tank chassis and struggled to keep pace with contemporary mechanized operations. Development was initiated to leverage the more advanced chassis, ensuring better integration with frontline tank units that had adopted the as their standard platform by the mid-1970s. This shift was driven by the need for a capable of rapid deployment in high-threat environments, where older designs lacked sufficient power and terrain adaptability for supporting large-scale armored maneuvers. Key requirements specified by Soviet military planners included seamless compatibility with T-72-based units for sustained operational tempo, superior cross-country mobility to traverse rough and contested terrain without impeding tank advances, and versatile functions such as path creation through , minefields, and fortifications to facilitate movement. These demands emphasized multifunctional equipment for breaching obstacles under fire, digging protective positions, and lifting heavy , all while maintaining a low profile to minimize vulnerability in forward areas. The focus on these attributes stemmed from tactical necessities in divisional engineer battalions, where vehicles were required to clear lanes for platoons during offensives, often prioritizing first-echelon forces to enable breakthrough against defended positions. The program's conceptual foundations were shaped by Soviet Cold War military doctrine, which prioritized robust engineer support to sustain mass mechanized offensives deep into enemy territory, particularly against anticipated defenses in featuring layered obstacles and water barriers at intervals of 35 to 300 kilometers. This approach required concentrated engineer efforts to prepare routes, assembly areas, and crossing points—extending 50 to 80 kilometers per —while integrating with combined-arms tactics for surprise and momentum in assaults. By aligning the IMR-2 with these imperatives, Soviet designers aimed to overcome the single-purpose limitations of prior equipment, ensuring armored thrusts could maintain velocity against fortified fronts without excessive delays.

Production Timeline

Development of the IMR-2 combat engineering vehicle, based on the chassis, was initiated in the 1970s by Soviet engineers at to succeed the earlier IMR model derived from the T-55. Prototype work concluded in 1980 after extensive trials, enabling formal acceptance into Soviet military service that year. Serial production began in 1982 at , leveraging shared components such as the T-72's hull, turret, and V-46 engine for manufacturing efficiency and logistical compatibility with existing armored forces. Over the subsequent decade, approximately 600 units were manufactured until production tapered off around 1990 amid shifting Soviet priorities. In the post-Soviet era, surviving IMR-2 vehicles underwent refurbishment and integration into Russian engineer units, with maintenance supporting operational readiness into the despite reduced new-build output. This continuity reflects the vehicle's robust design and the Russian military's emphasis on sustaining legacy equipment derived from mass-produced tank platforms.

Design and Features

Chassis and Mobility

The IMR-2 chassis is derived from the hull, featuring a welded structure with reinforced frontal sections to support the attachment of heavy implements such as a dozer blade, enabling forceful earth-moving without compromising structural integrity. This modification retains the T-72's compact, low-profile design, with a hull height that minimizes exposure in contested areas, thereby improving operational survivability during obstacle-clearing missions in forward positions. Mobility is facilitated by the T-72's system, comprising six dual road wheels per side, a front drive , and rear idler, paired with wide double-pin tracks that distribute weight effectively over soft ground, rubble-strewn urban environments, and potential minefields. Ground clearance measures approximately 0.42 meters, allowing traversal of irregularities while maintaining stability under load. The track system, with a contact length suited to the vehicle's 44-tonne class, ensures low ground pressure for enhanced cross-country performance without specialized preparations. Overall chassis dimensions align closely with the base platform, providing a hull length of about 6.6 meters, width of 3.5 meters, and operational length extending to roughly 9.3 meters in transport configuration due to folded appendages. These attributes enable the IMR-2 to maneuver alongside tank formations, supporting rapid advance through varied types including forested areas and debris fields.

Engineering Equipment

The IMR-2 features a front-mounted, hydraulically operated dozer blade measuring 1 meter in height and 3.38 meters in width, capable of earth-moving at rates of 200 to 250 cubic meters per hour. This multipurpose blade, configurable in V-shaped or straight orientations, enables tasks such as digging trenches, clearing debris, and breaching obstacles like stone barriers at speeds of 280 to 350 meters per hour. A telescoping crane arm, also hydraulically driven, extends from the hull and lifts loads between 5 and 11 metric tons using integrated pincers for grasping and manipulating heavy debris or fascine bundles. This arm supports filling trenches and tree barriers at rates up to 350 to 450 meters per hour, facilitating rapid route preparation across destruction zones. The vehicle integrates the KMT-RZ mine-rolling system, a tracked mine-clearing device that detonates or displaces explosives to create safe passages without requiring crew dismount. Hydraulic controls allow seamless reconfiguration between dozer, crane, and mine-rolling operations from within the armored cab, minimizing exposure during obstacle removal in contaminated or hostile environments. These systems collectively enable the IMR-2 to root out stumps, clear low forests, and equip tracks through rugged or snow-covered terrain.

Protection and Armament

The IMR-2 utilizes the T-72 main battle tank chassis, retaining its hull armor which includes composite elements on the glacis plate, providing resistance to small arms fire up to 12.7 mm caliber and artillery shell fragments. The operator's cab features steel construction reinforced for protection against small arms and shrapnel, complemented by bulletproof windows offering 360-degree visibility. An overpressure-type nuclear, biological, and chemical () protection system enables the crew to operate in contaminated environments by maintaining positive to prevent ingress of agents. This feature, standard for vehicles derived from late Soviet tank designs, supports tasks in radiological or zones without compromising crew safety. Armament is limited to a single 12.7 mm NSVT heavy machine gun mounted on the commander's hatch, intended solely for self-defense against infantry or light threats rather than engaging armored targets. Later variants such as the IMR-2M may incorporate explosive reactive armor (ERA) kits for enhanced protection against shaped-charge warheads, though standard IMR-2 models rely on the baseline chassis armor without ERA. The design prioritizes engineering functionality over offensive combat capability, with defensive measures focused on survivability during obstacle-clearing operations under fire.

Propulsion and Powertrain

Engine and Transmission

The IMR-2 employs a V-84MS , liquid-cooled, V-12 rated at 840 horsepower, derived from the powerplant used in later variants. Earlier production models may incorporate the predecessor V-46 engine at 780 horsepower, reflecting upgrades in Soviet armored vehicle standardization during the . This configuration provides high torque output suited to the vehicle's heavy engineering loads, such as dozer blade operations and mine clearing, while maintaining compatibility with diesel, , or other fuels for operational flexibility in contested environments. The transmission is a manual gearbox integrated with planetary final drives, inheriting the T-72's drivetrain architecture for torque multiplication and steering control via skid steering. This setup ensures durable power transfer to the tracks under high-stress conditions, including obstacle traversal and prolonged idling during support missions, though it demands skilled operator input for gear management. The rear-mounted engine compartment facilitates access for routine maintenance, such as filter replacements and coolant checks, enabling field repairs without full disassembly in forward areas. Fuel storage totals approximately 1,000 liters in internal tanks, optimized for the IMR-2's role in sustained engineer reconnaissance and breaching tasks distant from resupply lines. The system's sealed design and tolerance contribute to reliability amid dust, debris, and chemical exposure common in combat engineering scenarios.

Performance Metrics

The IMR-2 attains a maximum speed of 50 km/h, enabling it to keep pace with mechanized units during advances. Off-road mobility is limited to approximately 30-40 km/h, reflecting the vehicle's 44.5-tonne mass and engineering equipment load, which impose greater demands on the T-72-derived . Operational range extends to 500 km on roads under standard conditions, though this varies to 300-500 km based on , , and load from the 1,000-liter tanks. Fuel consumption averages around 450 liters per 100 km in cross-country operations, supporting divisional sustainment but requiring logistical resupply for extended missions. The vehicle demonstrates robust terrain negotiation, climbing gradients up to 30 degrees, crossing trenches of 2.5 meters, and surmounting vertical obstacles of 0.8 meters, as validated in Soviet-era mobility trials emphasizing engineer task endurance. These metrics ensure effectiveness in breaching obstacles without excessive downtime, though deployment reduces sustained speeds to 3-5 km/h in specialized tasks like ramp construction.

Variants

Standard IMR-2

The Standard IMR-2, accepted into Soviet service in , represents the baseline configuration of this combat vehicle, constructed directly on the chassis of the early to enable rapid obstacle breaching and route clearance in forward combat zones. Development emphasized mechanical simplicity for tasks such as demolishing barriers, filling anti-tank ditches, and removing debris, with the turret replaced by engineering implements rather than armament-focused modifications. Operated by a of two—a driver and an equipment operator—the vehicle prioritizes direct battlefield utility over crew comfort or redundancy, accommodating essential controls within the armored hull derived from the T-72's design. Core equipment includes a front-mounted, hydraulically actuated dozer blade measuring 3.38 meters wide in V-configuration for pushing earth or obstacles at rates up to 200-250 cubic meters per hour, a rotatable telescopic crane arm with a reach of 8.15 meters and lifting capacity of 2 metric tons via integrated pincers for grappling debris or , and a KMT-R type mine-clearing equipped with an electromagnetic for detecting and neutralizing anti-tank mines. Unlike subsequent IMR-2M variants, the standard model's electronics are rudimentary, confined to basic devices and lacking integrated or digital interfaces for equipment control, which demands manual hydraulic adjustments and limits operational tempo in low-visibility or complex scenarios. Hydraulic systems, while functional for dozer and crane operations, employ standard pressures and actuators without the reinforced components or higher-capacity pumps found in upgrades, constraining handling to lighter duties and exposing vulnerabilities in prolonged high-stress use against fortified obstacles. These constraints reflect a design philosophy centered on producibility using existing components, prioritizing quantity over specialized resilience in non-standard environments.

IMR-2M Series Upgrades

The IMR-2M, entering service in 1987, represented an upgrade over the base IMR-2 through its use of the T-72A chassis and incorporation of enhanced engineering equipment, including a versatile dozer blade, telescoping boom, and KMT-series mine-clearing dredger. It provided an 80-fold of gamma via specialized shielding, allowing sustained operations in nuclear-contaminated environments when paired with its overpressure system. These features improved the vehicle's utility for clearing obstacles in destruction zones potentially affected by radiological hazards. The IMR-2M1 variant, produced starting around 1990, featured refinements such as removal of MICLIC rocket-assisted mine-clearing launchers and an upgraded hydraulic system with redundant backups to enhance reliability during intensive breaching tasks. The IMR-2M2, also introduced in 1990, further advanced hazardous-environment capabilities with integrated reconnaissance tools, including a for radiation detection and a VHPR device for chemical agent identification, alongside reinforced armor on the and additional underbelly plating for improved mine resistance. Post-Soviet developments included the IMR-2MA, which emerged in the late with an expanded operator cabin to accommodate additional or equipment, while retaining core functions. Limited production and upgrades focused on maintaining compatibility within T-72-derived fleets, with exports of IMR-2M-series vehicles supplied to nations such as and for their units.

Operational History

Soviet Era and Early Use

The IMR-2 entered service with the Soviet Army in 1980, following development initiated in the 1970s to replace the earlier IMR vehicle based on the T-55 tank chassis. Designed specifically to support armored formations, it equipped engineer-sapper units tasked with breaching obstacles to enable rapid advances by tank and motorized rifle divisions. These units operated within the broader structure of combined-arms battalions and regimental engineer companies, where the IMR-2's capabilities were honed through routine integration into divisional maneuvers emphasizing offensive mobility. Soviet training protocols prioritized the IMR-2's role in creating secure assault corridors, with exercises focused on high-speed obstacle reduction to simulate deep battle operations against fortified defenses. Engineer battalions practiced deploying the vehicle alongside dozers and bridging equipment to clear paths for forces, underscoring doctrinal reliance on support for breakthroughs in contested terrain. The vehicle's robust construction, derived from the platform, supported its effectiveness across varied training scenarios, including urban obstacle navigation and operations in extreme cold.

Chernobyl Liquidation

Following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster on April 26, 1986, IMR-2 vehicles were deployed within the —also known as the Zone of Alienation—for engineering tasks critical to mitigating radiological spread, including debris clearance around the reactor site and burial of heavily contaminated equipment and structures. These operations leveraged the vehicle's sealed, pressurized cabin and integrated filtration system, designed for nuclear battlefield conditions, to shield crews from airborne radioactive particles and gamma penetrating the lower hull. Additional modifications, such as lead plating on vulnerable upper surfaces, further reduced exposure in some units, enabling work in fields with ambient levels exceeding 360 roentgens per hour (R/h). IMR-2 units performed specialized functions like uprooting trees in the highly contaminated , demolishing and burying radioactive buildings in villages such as Kopachi, and compacting vehicles for interment to prevent further dispersal of fission products. The vehicle's remote-controlled manipulator arm and dozer blade allowed crews to handle debris from within the protected cabin, minimizing direct exposure during tasks that would otherwise require unprotected proximity to sources emitting beta and gamma . Operations often involved remote or semi-remote control to limit cumulative doses, with crews rotated after accumulating maximum permissible exposure in approximately 12-15 days, demonstrating the efficacy of the anti-radiation design in sustaining short-term functionality amid doses reaching 15 R/h inside the vehicle. By early June 1986, deployed IMR-2 detachments had logged 100-150 hours of operation in the zone, contributing to construction formwork and consolidation. However, the vehicles' durability faced limits from persistent : radioactive adhered to tracks, engines, and internal surfaces, with post-mission readings as high as 150 R/h on undercarriages despite efforts involving high-pressure washing and chemical agents. Heavily exposed units, unable to be fully decontaminated due to design flaws like inadequate sealing on hatches and accumulation in inaccessible crevices, were ultimately buried in designated sites such as PVLRO and PZRO, encased in to isolate residual isotopes like cesium-137 and strontium-90. This outcome underscored the IMR-2's suitability for acute, high-risk interventions but highlighted vulnerabilities in long-term radiological resilience beyond initial specifications.

Post-Soviet Deployments

Russian forces employed the IMR-2 during the First Chechen War (1994–1996) and Second Chechen War (1999–2009) primarily for urban breaching, debris clearance, and path creation through obstructed and fortified areas in cities such as Grozny. Ukrainian peacekeeping contingents, deployed as part of the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) mission from 1999 to 2022, utilized IMR-2 vehicles for engineering tasks including route preparation, obstacle clearance, and ensuring freedom of movement in challenging terrain. IMR-2 vehicles saw deployment by Russian forces in the , supporting engineering operations amid urban and contested environments. Following the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, post-Soviet armies inherited substantial stockpiles of IMR-2 vehicles, but maintenance proved challenging due to economic constraints, aging components, and reliance on Russian suppliers for spares, resulting in many units remaining in storage with limited operational status. , for instance, reactivated dozens of these ex-Soviet vehicles from depots prior to 2022 for potential engineering roles.

Russo-Ukrainian War

Russian forces have employed the IMR-2 extensively in the since the full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, primarily for breaching minefields and clearing fortifications during assaults in the region, including attempts to penetrate Ukrainian defenses with pushes involving tanks and infantry fighting vehicles. In areas like , IMR-2 units supported engineering efforts to overcome s amid retreats and counteroffensives, though specific engagements highlight their role in creating paths through contested terrain rather than standalone operations. These vehicles demonstrated capability in obstacle clearance under fire, aligning with doctrinal use for enabling mechanized advances, but their deployments often occurred in high-threat environments saturated with Ukrainian artillery and anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). Ukrainian forces captured numerous IMR-2s from Russian units, with at least 12 visually confirmed seizures from Russian advances in the first 18 months of the , enabling their repurposing for counteroffensive operations and defensive fortifications such as earthen ramparts. By September 2025, Ukrainian personnel were documented using captured or inherited IMR-2s to construct defensive embankments, underscoring the vehicle's adaptability in peer-level conflict for both offensive breaching and static defense. from Oryx has documented dozens of Russian IMR-2 losses, including abandoned and captured units near key fronts like Izyum and Bashtanka in , reflecting operational attrition during rapid maneuvers and failed breakthroughs. The IMR-2's vulnerabilities to modern threats became apparent, with multiple units destroyed by Ukrainian first-person-view (FPV) drones and ATGMs, deviating from Soviet-era expectations of survivability in massed assaults against less technologically advanced foes. For instance, on June 9, 2025, the 22nd Separate Mechanized Brigade used drones to eliminate an advancing Russian IMR-2, highlighting how low-cost unmanned systems could target the vehicle's exposed profile during breaching operations. In engagements, destroyed IMR-2s were frequently observed after attempts to clear minefields under drone surveillance, where the lack of integrated air defense or electronic warfare countermeasures reduced their effective lifespan compared to doctrinal projections for prolonged obstacle reduction. This pattern of losses—visually confirmed across fronts—illustrates a gap between the IMR-2's efficacy in clearing paths and its tactical fragility in contested airspace dominated by precision-guided munitions, contributing to higher-than-anticipated attrition rates for Russian assets in sustained peer conflict.

References

  1. https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/WEG/Asset/77349ebd70a8b979d06d4b83e429da8d
  2. https://armyrecognition.com/military-products/army/engineer-maintenance-vehicles/engineer-vehicles/imr-2-russia-uk
  3. https://tanknutdave.com/the-russian-imr-2ma-cev/
  4. https://en.topwar.ru/45388-universalnyy-boec-inzhenernyh-voysk.html
  5. https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/IMR-2
  6. https://x.com/ArmoredWar/status/1961392134679859387
  7. https://armyrecognition.com/military-products/army/engineer-maintenance-vehicles/engineer-vehicles/imr-2m-imr-2m1-russia-uk
  8. https://www.deagel.com/armies/imr-2/a003740
  9. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA066237.pdf
  10. https://en.namu.wiki/w/IMR-2
  11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8i84bag1AuQ
  12. https://armyrecognition.com/military-products/army/engineer-maintenance-vehicles/engineer-vehicles/imr-russia-uk
  13. https://argun-kazakhstan.com/products/v-84-battle-tank-engine
  14. https://www.pmulcahy.com/tracked_engineer_vehicles/russian_tev.htm
  15. https://www.deagel.com/Components/V-84/a004413
  16. https://www.army-guide.com/eng/product1987.html
  17. https://all-andorra.com/imr-2-obyekt-616/
  18. https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/10/friendship-through-arms-turkmenistans.html
  19. https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2023/09/samarqand-steel-uzbekistans-fighting.html
  20. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA216368.pdf
  21. https://en.topwar.ru/199057-imr-2-kak-mashiny-jadernogo-apokalipsisa-provalili-jekzamen-v-chernobyle.html
  22. https://en.topwar.ru/238444-o-primenenii-bronetehniki-v-zone-chernobylskoj-avarii.html
  23. https://lplaces.com/en/technique/military
  24. https://www.net-maquettes.com/pictures/imr-2/
  25. https://militarnyi.com/en/news/ukrainian-peacekeepers-in-kosovo-used-imr-2/
  26. https://armyrecognition.com/archives/archives-land-defense/land-defense-2022/ukrainian-army-uses-imr-2-engineering-vehicles-in-kfor-exercise
  27. https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2023/08/15/the-collapsing-soviet-army-left-behind-dozens-of-imr-2-engineering-vehicles-the-ukrainian-army-eagerly-snatched-them-up/
  28. https://militarnyi.com/en/news/a-group-of-russian-marines-was-captured-in-donbas/
  29. https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html
  30. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/ukrainian-military-personnel-with-the-imr-2-military-news-photo/2236042396
  31. https://ukr.warspotting.net/view/2520/165710/
  32. https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-ato/4002180-ukraines-drone-operators-destroy-russias-imr2-engineering-vehicle.html
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.