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The JL-2 (Chinese: 巨浪-2; pinyin: Jù Làng Èr; lit. 'Giant Wave 2', NATO reporting name CSS-N-14) is a Chinese second-generation intercontinental-range submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) deployed on the People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN) Type 094 submarines. It succeeds the JL-1 SLBM deployed on the Type 092 submarine.[8]
The JL-2 provides China with its first viable sea-based nuclear deterrent.[8]
Development
[edit]The JL-2 is a naval variant of the land-based DF-31.[9][10] Their common 2-metre diameter solid fuel rocket motor was successfully tested in late 1983,[9] and research and development efforts were reorganized starting in 1985 to produce both missiles.[10]
The first JL-2 at-sea launch occurred in 2001 from a Type 031 submarine.[9][10] The program was delayed after a failed test in 2004.[9] Successful launches occurred in 2005 and 2008. The missile was successfully fired from a Type 094 submarine, the intended operational platform, for the first time in 2009.[9] A series of test launches occurred in 2012.[11]
During the development of the missile, it was reported that China was considering modifying the missile to accommodate an anti-satellite warhead to give it a sea-based anti-satellite capability.[12]
Type 094 deterrence patrols with JL-2 missiles began in December 2015.[1]
As of 2017[update], 48 JL-2 launchers are deployed on submarines.[3]
Description
[edit]The JL-2 is a three-stage, solid-fueled missile,[3] with a maximum range of 7,200 km (4,500 mi).[7] Its payload is a single[3] 1 Megaton warhead[5] or 3-8 MIRVs with yields of 20, 90, or 150kt.[2]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (16 December 2015). "China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities". Jane's Defence Weekly. 53 (6). Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISSN 0265-3818.
- ^ a b c d e f https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - JL-2
- ^ a b c d e National Air and Space Intelligence Center (2017: 33)
- ^ a b "Chinese Navy has now six Type 094A Jin-class nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines".
- ^ a b c Rahmat, Ridzwan (25 March 2014). "PACOM chief says China will deploy long-range nuclear missiles on subs this year". janes.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ "China makes 'big progress' on nuclear strike range with new submarine-launched missile". Arms Control Association. 21 December 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2026.
- ^ a b United States Department of Defense (2018: 38)
- ^ a b c United States Department of Defense (2018: 29)
- ^ a b c d e "JL-2 (CSS-NX-14)". Globalsecurity.org. 20 April 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ a b c Lewis, Jeffrey (25 June 2005). "JL-2 SLBM Flight Test". armscontrolwonk.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ United States Department of Defense (May 2013). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2013 (PDF) (Report). p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- ^ Gertz, Bill (18 January 2008). "Submarine ASAT". Washington Post.[dead link]
Sources
[edit]- United States Department of Defense (May 2018). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2018 (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- United States National Air and Space Intelligence Center (June 2017). Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (PDF) (Report). NASIC-1031-0985-17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
External links
[edit]- CSIS Missile Threat - Ju Lang-2
- JL-2 from Mark Wade's Encyclopedia Astronautica