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John Michael Landy AC CVO MBE FTSE (12 April 1930 – 24 February 2022) was an Australian middle-distance runner and state governor. He was the second man to break the four-minute mile barrier in the mile run and held the world records for the 1500-metre run and the mile race. He was also the 26th Governor of Victoria from 2001 to 2006.

Key Information

Family

[edit]

The son of Clarence Gordon Landy (1900-1970),[3] and Elva Katherine Landy (1906-1995), née Ashton,[4][5] John Michael Landy was born in Melbourne, Victoria, on 12 April 1930.[6] He married English journalist Lynne Fisher at Upper Beaconsfield on 30 October 1971.[7][8][9] They had two children.

Education

[edit]

He attended Malvern Memorial Grammar School and Geelong Grammar School. He was initially more interested in nature, and Australian rules football, though in his final year (1948) won the "Associated Public Schools Mile Championship" in a fierce race that resulted in his victory over P.B. Quin, of Xavier College, who was subsequently disqualified for his interference.[10][11][12]

He graduated from the University of Melbourne with a Bachelor of Agricultural Science in March 1954.[13][14][15][16]

Athletics

[edit]

During his school years, Landy enjoyed watching middle-distance track events. He became a serious runner during his university years, joining the Geelong Guild Athletic Club in 1949. He was coached by Percy Cerutty, who trained him to cut his time for running a mile down to 4 minutes, 11 seconds, earning himself a place on the Australian Olympic team at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki.[17][10] While at the Helsinki Olympics, Landy befriended Emil Zatopek, the Czech four-time gold medal-winning runner, who persuaded him to increase the intensity of his training programme. He became faster still.[10]

In March 1954 he was awarded the Helms World Trophy for Australasia for his "athletic prowess".[18][19] On 21 June 1954, at an international meet at Turku, Finland, Landy became the second man, after Roger Bannister, to achieve a sub-4-minute mile. He achieved a world record time of 3:57.9, ratified by the IAAF as 3:58.0 owing to the rounding rules then in effect. He held this record for more than three years.[20]

Roger Bannister

[edit]

Landy ran his second sub-4-minute mile on August 7, at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, held in Vancouver, British Columbia. He lost the Mile Race to Roger Bannister, who had his best-ever time. This was the first time in history that two men had run a mile in under four minutes in the same race.[10] This meeting of the world's two fastest milers was alternately called "The Miracle Mile", the "Race of the Century", and the "Dream Race"; it was heard over the radio by 100 million people and seen on television by millions more.[21] On the final turn of the last lap, as Landy looked over his left shoulder, Bannister passed him on the right. A larger-than-life bronze sculpture of the two men at this moment was created by Vancouver sculptor Jack Harman in 1967 from a photograph by Vancouver Sun photographer Charlie Warner and stood for many years at the entrance to Empire Stadium; after the stadium was demolished, the sculpture was moved to the Hastings and Renfrew entrance of the Pacific National Exhibition (PNE) fairgrounds. In 2015, it returned to the site of the stadium.[22] Regarding this sculpture, Landy quipped that "While Lot's wife was turned into a pillar of salt for looking back, I am probably the only one ever turned into bronze for looking back."[23]

Ron Clarke

[edit]

At the 1956 Australian National Championships prior to the Melbourne Olympic Games, in the final of the mile race, Landy stopped and doubled back to check on fellow runner Ron Clarke after another runner clipped Clarke's heel, causing him to fall early in the third lap of the race. Landy, who was close behind, leaped to clear his body but scraped his spikes on Clarke's shoulder. Clarke, the then-junior mile world record holder, had been leading the race. Landy apologised, helped him back to his feet and they both started running again. In the final two laps Landy made up the deficit and won the race.[10] The National Centre for History and Education in Australia said that "[i]t was a spontaneous gesture of sportsmanship and it has never been forgotten."[24] Sculptor Mitch Mitchell created a bronze sculpture of the moment when Landy helps Clarke to his feet. The sculpture was dedicated in June 2002 and is on Olympic Boulevard, Olympic Park in Melbourne.[25]

Sportsmanship sculpture of John Landy, Melbourne Australia

Governor of Victoria

[edit]
Landy (right) with Roger Bannister in 2004

On 1 January 2001, Landy was sworn in as the 26th Governor of Victoria, succeeding Sir James Gobbo.[26] He was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II on the recommendation of Premier of Victoria Steve Bracks,[27] who remained premier throughout his term. Landy retired as governor on 7 April 2006, and was succeeded by David de Kretser.[28] On 15 March 2006, in the final month of his term as governor, Landy was the final runner in the Queen's Baton relay during the 2006 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony at the Melbourne Cricket Ground stadium in Melbourne, presenting the baton to the Queen.[29]

Other accomplishments

[edit]

Landy worked as senior manager at ICI Australia, and had a public speaking career. For eight years (1971–78), he served on the Victorian Land Conservation Council, contributing to debates and recommendations about the balanced use of public land across Victoria.[30] Landy authored two books on natural history: Close to Nature (1984) and A Coastal Diary (Pan Macmillan Australia, 1993).[31]

Landy was commissioner-general for the Australian pavilion at Expo 86 Vancouver. On 12 February 2009, he was appointed the chair of the Victorian Bushfire Appeal Fund Advisory Panel.[32] He stood down from the position on 7 September that same year.[33]

Death

[edit]

Landy died on 24 February 2022 at his home in Castlemaine, Victoria, aged 91.[34][35] He had Parkinson's disease for a period of time.[36]

His life was commemorated in a State Memorial Service at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 20 December 2022.[37]

Honours and awards

[edit]
Landy in 1954

In 1949 and 1950, Landy played Australian rules football for Dookie College[38] when he was at the University of Melbourne's Dookie College campus and won the 1950 Central Goulburn Valley Football League's best and fairest award.[39]

In 1955, Landy was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to amateur athletics in Australia,[40][41] was awarded the Australian Sports Medal in 2000,[42] and in 2001 was awarded the Centenary Medal,[43] made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC),[44] and a Knight of Grace of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem. In 2006 he was appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) during the Queen's visit to Australia.[45] Landy was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1985.[29]

Over the years, Landy was awarded honorary degrees, the first being a Doctor of Laws from the University of Victoria in 1994 then, in 1997, a Doctor of Rural Science from the University of New England,[46] followed by a Doctor of Laws from the University of Melbourne in 2003, and Doctor of Laws from Deakin University in 2009.[47]

On 12 July 2008, Landy was the guest speaker at his club's centenary dinner held in North Geelong. He had been a life member of the Geelong Guild Athletic Club since April 1958. Named after Landy, Landy Field in South Geelong is the Geelong region's major athletic facility.[48] East Doncaster Secondary College has a VCE centre dedicated in Landy's honour.[49] Central Park, in Malvern East, Melbourne, has a sports oval dedicated to Landy with a plaque which reads in part "Named in honour of John Landy, resident of Central Park Road, who used this oval for his training."[50]

In media

[edit]

In the 1988 television miniseries The Four Minute Mile, detailing the rivalry between Landy and Sir Roger Bannister, Landy was portrayed by actor Nique Needles and Bannister was portrayed by actor Richard Huw.[51]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

John Landy

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
John Michael Landy AC CVO MBE (12 April 1930 – 24 February 2022) was an Australian middle-distance runner, agricultural scientist, and public servant who served as the 26th from 2001 to 2006. Landy gained international prominence in athletics as the second man to break the barrier, clocking 3:57.9 (ratified as 3:58.0 under then-applicable rounding rules) on 21 June 1954 in , , just 46 days after Roger Bannister's pioneering run. He held world records at one mile and during his career, won silver in the at the 1954 and —where he faced Bannister in the famed "Miracle Mile" event, finishing second—and secured bronze in the same event at the 1956 Olympics. Landy was a five-time Australian champion and later applied his scientific expertise to agricultural research, including work on , while also engaging in conservation efforts and teaching. His legacy includes recognition for exemplary , notably during races where he prioritized fair play over personal victory.

Early Life

Family Background and Childhood

John Michael Landy was born on 12 April 1930 in , Victoria, , to a middle-class . His father, a prosperous , held pastoral interests in alpine country along the on the New South Wales-Victoria border, which later influenced Landy's pursuits in agriculture and conservation. The family resided in Malvern East, a suburb of . From an early age, Landy displayed a fascination with , collecting specimens such as the beetle and blue-grass by age four. As a youth, he prioritized butterfly collecting over athletics, reflecting a budding interest in that persisted throughout his life. Initially involved in , Landy did not take up competitive running until age 21. Despite this, he demonstrated early athletic promise by winning junior school sports events.

Education and Early Interests

John Landy was born on 12 April 1930 in , Victoria, , and began his formal education at Malvern Grammar School, attending from 1935 to 1944. He completed his secondary schooling at , an elite institution known for its emphasis on outdoor activities and character development. There, Landy demonstrated early athletic promise by winning the mile race at the Associated Public Schools Combined Athletics Sports in 1948. Landy enrolled at the , studying at its College campus. He graduated with a Bachelor of in 1954, balancing his academic pursuits with competitive sports. During his university years, Landy played for the Dookie College team in 1949 and 1950, reflecting his initial primary interest in team sports over individual distance running. From childhood, Landy exhibited a fascination with , particularly collecting , an that foreshadowed his later contributions to conservation and . He took up competitive running relatively late, at age 21, primarily as a means to enhance his fitness for Australian Rules football rather than as a standalone passion. This pragmatic entry into marked the beginning of his transition toward elite .

Athletic Career

Rise in Competitive Running

Landy first gained prominence in running through school athletics at , where he demonstrated early talent in middle-distance events. In 1948, while in his final year, he won the 440 yards, 880 yards, and one-mile races at the school's annual , and also claimed the mile title at the Associated Public Schools Combined Athletics Carnival. Additionally, as a member of the school's cross-country team, he contributed to their victory in the Victorian Public Schools championships. After leaving school, Landy entered senior competitive running, joining the Guild Athletics Club. On January 12, 1952, he recorded his debut senior mile time of 4 minutes 11 seconds at Melbourne's Olympic Park, alongside a 3000 meters performance of 8 minutes 35 seconds. His rapid progress earned selection for the Australian Olympic team at the in , where he competed in the 1500 meters and 5000 meters but failed to qualify for the finals in either event. Motivated by the disappointment of , Landy refined his training upon returning to , leading to a significant breakthrough. In late 1952, he ran 4:02.1 for the mile at a interclub meeting, establishing himself as Australia's leading distance prospect. The following year, he achieved another 4:02.0 mile, though it was later deemed ineligible due to pacing assistance, further honing his competitive edge ahead of international challenges. These results marked his ascent from domestic competitor to global contender in .

Pursuit and Achievement of the Four-Minute Mile

John Landy emerged as a leading contender for the sub-four-minute mile in the early 1950s, driven by rigorous training regimens that escalated from approximately 20 miles per week of slow running in 1952—when he achieved a personal best of 4:02.1—to over 120 miles weekly by late 1953, incorporating extensive intervals and speed work. His consistent performances, including multiple races under 4:05, positioned him as a favorite ahead of rivals like Roger Bannister and Wes Santee, though he faced setbacks from injuries and suboptimal conditions in Australia. Following Bannister's breakthrough run of 3:59.4 on May 6, 1954, at Iffley Road, , Landy intensified his efforts, viewing the barrier as psychologically surmountable but requiring precise pacing and environmental factors like cool weather and a fast track. He relocated training to for better competition and facilities, logging high-volume sessions with a focus on work and tactical race simulations to counter Bannister's opportunistic pacers. Landy's approach emphasized self-reliance over reliance on pacesetters, reflecting his independent style honed in isolation from major European meets. On June 21, 1954, at an international meet in , , Landy became the second man to break the four-minute barrier, clocking 3:57.9 to establish just 46 days after Bannister's feat. Running into a slight headwind on a wet track, he surged ahead midway and maintained a relentless pace, finishing unchallenged and lowering the mark by 1.5 seconds. This achievement, verified by timekeepers and witnessed by international competitors, underscored Landy's superior at the time, as he held the record until 1957.

Major Competitions and Records

John Landy set world records in the with a time of 3:41.8 and in the mile with 3:57.9 (hand-timed, rounded to 3:58.0 under contemporary rules) on 21 June 1954 in , , marking him as the second athlete to break the barrier after . These performances established Landy as a dominant middle-distance runner, with the mile record standing until surpassed by other competitors in subsequent years. In major international competitions, Landy competed at the in , participating in the (finishing fifth in his heat) and but failing to reach the finals in either event. At the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in , he secured silver in the one-mile final, dubbed the "Miracle Mile," where he led aggressively—passing the 1500-metre mark in a world record intermediate time of 3:41.9—before being overtaken by Bannister in the final stretch. Landy achieved his Olympic medal at the in , earning bronze in the with a time of 3:42.0, finishing behind gold medallist and silver medallist Klaus Richtzenhain. Domestically, he won four Australian championships: three in the one mile and one in three miles.
CompetitionEventDateLocationResultTime
Olympic Games1500 mNovember 1956Melbourne, AustraliaBronze3:42.0
British Empire and Commonwealth Games1 mileAugust 1954Vancouver, CanadaSilver3:58.6 (approx., behind Bannister)
World Record1500 m / Mile21 June 1954Turku, FinlandWR3:41.8 / 3:57.9

Key Rivalries and Sportsmanship

Landy's most prominent rivalry was with British runner Roger Bannister, fueled by their mutual pursuit of the sub-four-minute mile. Bannister became the first to achieve it on May 6, 1954, at Iffley Road Track in Oxford, England. Landy responded six weeks later, running 3:57.9 in Turku, Finland, on June 21, 1954, briefly holding the world record. Their competition peaked in the "Miracle Mile" final at the British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver on August 7, 1954. Landy led from the start, building a lead of nearly 10 yards entering the final lap, but Bannister surged past him on the outside of the final bend, winning in 3:58.8 while Landy finished second in 3:59.0—both under four minutes before a crowd of 35,000. ![LandySportsmanship.jpg][float-right] Landy exemplified in a celebrated incident during the Australian National Mile Championship at Olympic Park in on March 11, 1956. Leading the race, Landy witnessed competitor fall after clipping another runner's ; he immediately stopped, turned back to help Clarke to his feet, and ensured he was uninjured before resuming. Despite the delay, Landy overtook the field to win convincingly, demonstrating integrity over immediate victory. This moment, captured in photographs and footage, was later voted Australia's finest sporting act of the at a 1999 gala and inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2010. The Bannister-Landy rivalry evolved into mutual respect, underscoring Landy's character. Though competitive, both acknowledged the shared challenge of breaking the barrier; decades later, on May 6, 2004, they reunited at Iffley Road for the 50th anniversary of Bannister's milestone, posing together in a gesture of enduring camaraderie. Landy's approach—prioritizing pace-setting and fair play—contrasted Bannister's tactical closing style, yet neither resorted to , contributing to the era's elevation of .

Retirement from Elite Athletics

Following his bronze medal performance in the 1500 meters at the in , Landy experienced a decline in motivation and faced persistent tendon injuries that limited his training and racing capacity. These physical setbacks, compounded by the demands of transitioning to a , prompted him to scale back from elite competition. In early 1957, Landy participated in a limited number of interclub races in , but ongoing tendon troubles made sustained high-level performance untenable. He formally retired from track athletics that year, marking the end of a career highlighted by world records and Olympic success. This retirement aligned with his decision to prioritize agricultural research, where he pursued advanced studies and employment in scientific roles. Landy's exit from elite running also occurred amid stricter enforcement of amateurism rules, including a suspension he received for accepting trophies valued beyond the allowable limits—a common grievance among top navigating the era's restrictive regulations. Nonetheless, his retirement was primarily driven by injury recovery needs and career redirection rather than regulatory penalties alone.

Professional and Scientific Contributions

Career in Agricultural Science

Following his graduation from the with a Bachelor of in 1954, Landy initially engaged in practical farming on the family property at Walkerville in , Victoria, from 1957 to 1959. In 1962, he took up the role of Agriculture Service Secretary at Commonwealth Fertilizers, focusing on rural advisory services related to fertilizer application and . Landy spent over two decades in the agricultural division of ICI , commencing around the mid-1960s and advancing to Manager of the Biological Group by 1972, a position he held until 1983. In this capacity, he oversaw into biological agents, pesticides, and crop protection technologies aimed at enhancing , including development of solutions for and pest management in Australian farming systems. During this period, he also served on the Board of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry at the from 1974 to 1984, contributing to academic oversight of agricultural education and priorities. In recognition of his expertise, Landy was elected a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science in 1984. Later, he chaired the Wool Research and Development Corporation from 1991 to 1994, directing funding toward innovations in sheep genetics, pasture improvement, and wool quality enhancement. From 1995 to 1998, he led the Meat Research Corporation, prioritizing research into livestock health, feed efficiency, and sustainable meat production practices to support Australia's red meat industry. These roles underscored his influence in steering applied agricultural research toward practical outcomes for rural economies.

Work in Conservation and Mycology

Landy contributed significantly to environmental conservation in Victoria through his service on the Victorian Land Conservation Council from 1971 to 1978, where he helped evaluate and recommend protections that expanded the state's national parks and reserves from limited areas to over 3 million hectares by the late . His involvement emphasized empirical assessments of ecological value, prioritizing native over agricultural expansion amid post-war land pressures. As a founding member, he advocated for science-based to preserve hotspots, influencing policies that balanced development with habitat integrity. In his agricultural science roles, including as Chief of CSIRO's Division of Plant Industry from 1977 to 1985, Landy oversaw research addressing threats to native vegetation, such as eucalypt woodland decline linked to soil degradation and invasive species. He later served as president of Greening Australia, promoting revegetation projects to restore degraded lands, and in 2012 accepted patronage of the Invasive Species Council, citing over 20 years of professional experience in combating invasives that displace endemic flora and fauna. His 1985 book Close to Nature, which won the C.J. Dennis Award for nature writing, documented Australian ecosystems and urged evidence-based conservation to counter habitat fragmentation, drawing on his fieldwork observations of native species vulnerabilities. Landy's engagement with mycology stemmed from his broader natural history pursuits and agricultural expertise, where fungal roles in soil health and plant pathology were integral. In a 1963 address to agricultural staff and students, he highlighted fungi's ecological dynamics, using slides to illustrate optimal post-rain observation conditions and their symbiotic relationships with plants, underscoring causal links to ecosystem stability. As CSIRO Division Chief, he supported studies on mycorrhizal fungi in temperate eucalypt woodlands, contributing forewords to publications emphasizing fungi's underappreciated function in nutrient cycling and tree resilience against decline. These efforts aligned with his conservation advocacy, recognizing pathogenic and beneficial fungi as key factors in native plant survival amid land-use changes.

Public Service

Appointment and Tenure as Governor of Victoria

John Landy was appointed the 26th on the advice of the state government and sworn into office on 1 January 2001, succeeding Sir James Gobbo. The position, as the monarch's representative in the state, involved ceremonial duties, , and advisory roles to the executive. His tenure extended until 7 April 2006, following an initial term that was prolonged by two years at the request of the Bracks Labor government. During this period, Landy prioritized regional Victoria, youth initiatives, and support for the , reflecting his commitment to rural communities and public safety. Landy advanced the democratization of the vice-regal office by enhancing public access to through increased visits and events, and he personally toured nearly every local council and shire across Victoria to foster direct engagement. He also championed Aboriginal reconciliation efforts, aligning with broader national priorities set by figures such as . In a notable public role tied to his athletic legacy, Landy carried the baton as the final runner in the for the in and officiated at the Games' opening ceremonies. His retirement in 2006 marked the end of a term characterized by , extensive , and service without recorded controversies.

Policy Involvement and Public Engagements

During his tenure as Governor of Victoria from 1 January 2001 to 7 April 2006, John Landy directed substantial attention to regional Victoria, prioritizing rural and remote communities as a core aspect of his . This focus aligned with his longstanding expertise in and conservation, where he advocated for enhanced support and development in these areas to address economic and environmental challenges faced by non-metropolitan regions. Landy's policy-related engagements often intersected with conservation efforts, leveraging the ceremonial platform of the governorship to promote land stewardship. In 2003, he presented the Victorian Landcare Awards at alongside Minister for Environment John Thwaites, recognizing community-led initiatives in sustainable and preservation. He also hosted gatherings for the Landcare community at , fostering dialogue on and volunteer-driven conservation projects critical to Victoria's rural landscapes. These activities underscored his commitment to practical, evidence-based approaches to , informed by his prior roles in agricultural research councils. Public engagements included ceremonial duties such as inspecting the guard of honour at the opening of the 55th on 25 February 2003, where he delivered the Governor's address outlining legislative priorities. In a notable athletic tie to his past, Landy served as the final runner in the on 15 March 2006, during the lead-up to the , symbolizing unity and regional pride while engaging thousands in public festivities. These events highlighted his role in bridging ceremonial tradition with substantive for regional equity and environmental resilience.

Later Life and Legacy

Personal Interests and Family

Landy married English journalist Lynne Fisher on 30 October 1971 in , Victoria. The couple resided together for over 50 years until his , sharing a home in Castlemaine where he tended a cherished garden. They had two children: a son, Matthew, and a daughter, Alison. From childhood, Landy harbored a deep fascination with , sparked at age four by a book on that ignited a lifelong passion for observing and collecting and native . This interest persisted beyond his athletic career, manifesting in personal pursuits such as documenting the Australian ; in 1985, he published Close to Nature: A Naturalist's of a Year in , chronicling seasonal observations of and plants. Known among acquaintances for his and remarkable recall of details about people and , Landy often emphasized the restorative value of immersion in the natural world.

Honours, Awards, and Recognition

Landy received the (MBE) in 1955 for services to amateur athletics. He was inducted into the Sport Hall of Fame in 1985 as an Athlete Member for his contributions to athletics. In 2000, he was awarded the Australian Sports Medal in recognition of his sporting achievements. Landy was appointed Companion of the (AC) on 26 January 2001 for service to athletics at the elite level, to the environment through conservation and wildlife protection efforts, and to the community. He received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 2004 for his distinguished services to , the environment, and . Upon retiring as in 2006, he was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO). In 2004, Landy was inducted into the Athletics Australia Hall of Fame. Following his death in 2022, he was posthumously awarded a World Athletics Heritage Plaque in 2023 for his role in Australian athletics . Landy's act of sportsmanship during the 1956 Olympic 1500m final, where he stopped to assist a fallen competitor, earned widespread acclaim and contributed to his legacy of fair play in .

Death and Posthumous Tributes

John Landy died on 24 February 2022 at his home in , aged 91, from complications of after a prolonged battle with the condition. Tributes following his death emphasized Landy's athletic prowess, exemplified by his status as the second man to break the four-minute mile barrier, and his renowned sportsmanship, particularly his act of stopping during a 1956 national championship race to assist a fallen competitor, Ron Clarke. Australian Olympic Committee president John Coates described Landy as a "role model" for the Olympic Movement, noting his contributions as a two-time Olympian and world record-holder. A state memorial service honouring Landy was held on 20 December 2022 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground's Members Dining Room, where attendees recalled him as a humble figure renowned for his across athletics, , and conservation efforts. The Victorian subsequently passed a condolence motion in February 2023, affirming his legacy as a dedicated public servant and .

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  52. https://www.vic.gov.au/state-memorial-service-honourable-john-landy-ac-cvo-mbe
  53. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-12-20/john-landy-governor-mile-athlete-state-memorial/101791680
  54. https://www.smh.com.au/sport/landy-farewelled-at-state-memorial-service-20221220-p5c7vn.html
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