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List of CJK fonts
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The first four characters of Thousand Character Classic in different typeface styles, script styles and type styles. From left to right: sans-serif (gothic), Ming, regular script, clerical script and seal script

This is a list of notable CJK fonts (computer fonts with a large range of Chinese/Japanese/Korean characters). These fonts are primarily sorted by their typeface, the main classes being "with serif", "without serif" and "script". This article name the two first classes Ming and sans-serif (gothic) while further divide the "script" into several Chinese script styles.

The fonts are then sorted by their target writing system:[Note 1]

The following localization table shortens Simplified Chinese to SC and Traditional Chinese to TC.

Legends

[edit]

Ming (Song)

[edit]
See also: Ming (typefaces)

Pan-Unicode/Pan-CJK

[edit]
Name Localisation Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
Bitstream Cyberbit Pan-Unicode
TPTQ Serif CJK Pan-CJK Typotheque Commercial
Hanazono Mincho[1]
花園明朝 		Pan-CJK [F] Hanazono Font License or SIL Open Font License HanaMinA (Japanese: 花園明朝A) for BMP and HanaMinB (花園明朝B) for SIP – covers all CJK, CJK Compatibility, CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A, B, C, D, E, and F. This font has issues in LaTeX.[Note 3]
Sazanami-Hanazono Mincho[2] Pan-CJK [F] Full CJK and Latin-1 truetype font resulting from merge of Sazanami Mincho and Hanazono fonts.
Pan-CJK Adobe and Google [F] SIL Open Font License SIL Open Font License v.1.1 in April 2017.[3]
TH-Tshyn
天珩全字库 		Pan-Unicode 天珩 TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2 and TH-Tshyn-P16. Version 4.1.0 offers complete coverage of all Unicode CJK characters up to CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I introduced in 2023 with Unicode version 15.1.[4]
Jigmo
字雲 		Pan-CJK [F] CC0 1.0 Universal Jigmo, Jigmo2, and Jigmo3. Version 20230816 offers complete coverage of all Unicode CJK characters up to CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I introduced in 2023 with Unicode version 15.1.[5]

Chinese

[edit]
  • Sample of MingLiU (細明體), monospaced Latin characters.
    Sample of MingLiU (細明體), monospaced Latin characters.
  • Sample of PMingLiU (新細明體), proportional Latin characters.
    Sample of PMingLiU (新細明體), proportional Latin characters.
  • Sample of SimSun (中易宋体), monospaced Latin characters.
    Sample of SimSun (中易宋体), monospaced Latin characters.
  • Sample of I.Ming (一點明體)
    Sample of I.Ming (一點明體)
  • Sample of KingHwa OldSong (京華老宋体)
    Sample of KingHwa OldSong (京華老宋体)
A comparative display of seven commercial Chinese serif (Ming) fonts from leading foundries: FounderType, Hanyi, Adobe, and Monotype. The fonts are: FZ ShuSong (方正书宋), FZ XinShuSong (方正新书宋), FZ GuiFanShuSong (方正规范书宋), HY ShuSongEr (汉仪书宋二), HY XuanSong (汉仪玄宋), Adobe Song (Adobe 宋体), and M Sung PRC (蒙纳宋体).
Name Localisation Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
BabelStone Han[6] SC Andrew West [F] 1999 Arphic Public License Based on Arphic PL Fonts, extended partly to CJK Unified Ideographs Extension I.
DLCMingMedium
華康中明體

DLCMingBold
華康粗明體

TC Microsoft Derivatives include Windows 3.0's default TC font 'Ming Light'.
MingLiU
細明體 		TC (Taiwan) Microsoft Default interface typeface for Windows 3.0 to Windows XP, derived from DynaLab's DLCMing typeface. Distributed as a raster typeface and then in TrueType format as 'MingLi43' in Windows 3.0. Monospaced Latin characters.
PMingLiU
新細明體 		TC (Taiwan) Microsoft Distributed starting from Windows 95. proportional Latin characters.
MingLiU_HKSCS
細明體_HKSCS

MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB
細明體_HKSCS-ExtB

TC (Hong Kong)
LiSong Pro Light
儷宋 Pro 		TC (Hong Kong)
Apple LiSung Light
蘋果儷細宋 		TC (Hong Kong)
I.Ming
I.明體 		TC (General) [F] IPA font licence Derived from IPAex Minchō font, available at Keshilu blog (刻石錄) and GitHub.[7][8]
MS Song
MS宋体 		SC Microsoft
SimSun
中易宋体, 宋体 		SC Default interface typeface for Windows 3.1x to Windows XP, distributed starting from Windows 3.1x. Monospaced Latin characters. Unlike NSimSun (below), this is not labelled monospaced in the post and OS/2 table.[9]
NSimSun
新宋体 		SC Distributed starting from Windows 95. Monospaced Latin characters.
SimSun-18030
宋体-18030

NSimSun-18030
新宋体-18030

SC Distributed starting from Windows XP, or as GB 18030 Support Package to Windows 2000 or higher.
Simsun (Founder Extended)
宋体-方正超大字符集 		SC Distributed starting from Microsoft Office XP.
SimSun-ExtB or Sun-ExtB
宋体-ExtB 		SC Distributed with Windows Vista.
SimSun-ExtG
宋体-ExtG 		SC Distributed with Windows 11 2023 Update and 2024 Update.
Song SC OS X 10.2–10.4.
STSong
华文宋体 		SC SinoType Technology (常州华文印刷新技术) Distributed with MS Office 2000 and XP, OS X 10.2–10.4. The foundry made a series of fonts for Microsoft and Macintosh between 1998 and 2004 that all begin with "ST" (华文).
STZhongsong
华文中宋 		SC Microsoft Distributed with MS Office 2000 and XP. A medium-boldness version of STSong made in 1991 and updated in 1998.
TW-Sung,
TW-Sung-Ext-B,
TW-Sung-Plus
全字庫正宋體 		TC (Taiwan) Ministry of Education, Taiwan (教育部)[10] [F] Open Government Data License v1.0,[11] equivalent to CC-BY 4.0 International license[12] 100,000+ traditional and simplified characters (including Japanese shinjitai characters) in Taiwanese orthography, covering CNS 11643 (TW-Sung covers the characters mapped to the Basic Multilingual Plane, TW-Sung-Ext-B covers the characters mapped to CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, TW-Sung-Plus covers Private Use Area mapped CNS characters).
WenQuanYi Bitmap Song
文泉驿点阵宋体 		SC [F] GNU GPL Raster typeface.
KingHwa OldSong
京華老宋体 		SC, TC Terri Wong (特里王) Covers CJK Unified Ideographs, Extension A; partially covers Extension B, and covers all encoded simplified Chinese characters. Also covers all commonly used characters in UBPSHNVN's Nôm standard.
FangZheng ShuSong
方正书宋 		SC, TC FounderType Released 1996. Based on Shanghai Printing Technology Research Institute's "Song Er" for letterpress. Supports GB2312-80, GBK, BIG-5, GB18030-2000, GB18030-2022 L2.
FangZheng PingXian YaSong
方正屏显雅宋 		SC Commercial Released 2017. Screen-optimized version of BiaoYaSong. Supports GB2312-80, GBK.
FangZheng BoYaSong
方正博雅宋 		SC, TC Released 2004. Designed for newspaper body text, focusing on readability. Supports GB2312-80, GBK, BIG-5.
FangZheng LanTingSong
方正兰亭宋 		SC Released 2004. Designed for new generation newspaper body text. Supports GB2312-80, GBK.
FangZheng YaSong family
方正雅宋 		SC, TC Released 2007. Family with various weights (XianYaSong, XiYaSong, BiaoYaSong, etc.), initially for titles. Supports GB2312-80, GBK, BIG-5.
FangZheng YouSong family
方正悠宋 		SC Released 2017. Screen display Song font family. Supports GB2312-80, GBK, GB18030-2000, GB18030-2022 L2.
FangZheng XiaoBiaoSong
方正小标宋 		SC, TC Released 1996. Common title typeface, often used for official documents. Supports GB2312-80, GBK, BIG-5, GB18030-2000, GB18030-2022 L2.
FangZheng DaBiaoSong
方正大标宋 		SC, TC Released 1996. Based on 1970 "Hangtou Song", for large titles. Supports GB2312-80, GBK, BIG-5.
FangZheng GuiFan ShuSong
方正规范书宋 		SC Released 2013. Supports GBK.
FangZheng LanTing KanSong
方正兰亭刊宋 		SC Released 2005. Supports GBK, GB2312-80.
FangZheng BaoSong
方正报宋 		SC Released 1996. Digital version of "641 Ti" (BaoSong Ti) from 1964 for People's Daily. Supports GB2312-80, GBK.
FangZheng BoYa FangKanSong
方正博雅方刊宋 		SC Released 2009. Optimized version of FangZheng BoYaSong for newspaper printing (e.g. 9pt, 10.5pt). Supports GBK, GB2312-80.
FangZheng BoYa KanSong
方正博雅刊宋 		SC Released 2005. Supports GBK, GB2312-80.
FangZheng XinShuSong
方正新书宋 		SC, TC Released 2012. Optimized version of FangZheng ShuSong for books and magazines. Supports GB2312-80, GBK, BIG-5, GB18030-2000, GB18030-2022 L2.
FangZheng SongYi
方正宋一 		SC, TC Released 1996. Also "Dictionary Song" (字典宋), designed 1960s for "Ci Hai" dictionary. Supports GB2312-80, GBK, BIG-5, GB18030-2000, GB18030-2022 L2 & L3.
FangZheng XinBaoSong
方正新报宋 		SC Released 2000. "Second generation BaoSong" designed by Xie Peiyuan for Founder. Supports GB2312-80, GBK.
FangZheng SongSan
方正宋三 		SC Released 1996. Early digital Song typeface using straight line segments for curves. Supports GB2312-80, GBK.
Hanyi ShuSongEr
汉仪书宋二 		SC Released 1996. Conforms to GB18030-2022 Level 2.
Hanyi ZhongSong
汉仪中宋 		SC Released 1996. Neutral body text Song font. Conforms to GB18030-2022 Level 2.
Hanyi XuanSong
汉仪玄宋 		SC Released 2021. Song typeface designed for "slow reading". Conforms to GB18030-2022 Level 2.
WenJinMincho
文津宋体 		SC takushun-wu [F] SIL Open Font License Based on Source Han Serif. Large character set Song-style font with mainland China (G-source) glyph standard. Supports full Unicode Hanzi & IVD (over 120,000 glyphs), various phonetic systems (Pinyin, Zhuyin, IPA), and extensive OpenType features.

Japanese

[edit]
Sample of IPAMinchō typeface.
Name Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
IPAex Minchō
IPAex明朝 		Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan [F] IPA font licence Part of IPA font series.[13]
IPAmj Minchō
IPAmj明朝 		Part of IPA font series, includes many characters for names. Released from here.[14]
MS Mincho
ＭＳ 明朝 		Microsoft Distributed with the Japanese version of Windows 3.1 or later, some versions of Internet Explorer 3 Japanese Font Pack, all regions in Windows XP, Microsoft Office v.X to 2004.
MS PMincho
ＭＳ Ｐ明朝 		Distributed in the Japanese version of Windows 95 or later, all regions in Windows XP, Microsoft Office 2004. Proportional Latin characters.
Kochi Mincho
東風明朝 		[F] public domain Free typeface included with a number of Linux distributions. Originally based on the Watanabe (渡邊フォント) typeface, then reissued based on the Wadalab outlines for legal reasons.
Hiragino Minchō Pro W3,
Hiragino Minchō Pro W6
ヒラギノ明朝Pro W3,
ヒラギノ明朝Pro W6 		SCREEN Graphic Solutions Commercial Included in Mac OS X/macOS. Covers almost all of the Adobe Japan 1–5 glyph collection.
Heisei Minchō
平成明朝 		Adobe (distributor, original by JSA) Developed by the Japanese Standards Association (JSA) as a standard typeface for information devices in 1989. Straight edges for low-resolution printers.
RyūMin (Ryūbundō Minchō)
リュウミン 		Morisawa Inc. A popular and classic Mincho typeface by Morisawa.
Kozuka Minchō
小塚明朝 		Adobe Designed by Kozuka Masahiko. Bundled with Adobe Creative Suite.
Sazanami Mincho[15]
さざなみ明朝 		Electronic Font Open Laboratory (efont) [F] Modified BSD License Based on Kochi Mincho. Last version dates from 2004.
YuMincho
游明朝体 		Jiyu-Kobo (字游工房) Commercial Mincho family with 6 weights (B & E specialized for headlines with narrower design). Designed with the theme "a Mincho typeface that can set historical novels". Bundled with Windows 8.1 and later, and macOS.
BunyuMin
文游明朝体 		Mincho typeface designed for "universal modeling beauty and readability that transcends eras." Features traditional letterforms for Kanji, Hiragana, and Katakana, suitable for literary works.

Korean

[edit]
English name Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
Batang
바탕 		Distributed by Microsoft with its Windows operating system.
BatangChe
바탕체 		Distributed by Microsoft with its Windows operating system. Monospace font.
Gungsuh
궁서 		Distributed by Microsoft with its Windows operating system.
GungsuhChe
궁서체 		Distributed by Microsoft with its Windows operating system. Monospace font.
AppleMyungjo
애플명조 		Default Korean font on Apple Mac OS, Mac OS X, and iOS. Fully supports Unicode from Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard.
UnBatang, UnGungsuh
은바탕, 은궁서 		[F] Included in most Linux distributions. Initially made by Un Koanghui (은광희) as a set of type 1 typefaces to use with Korean LaTeX. Later they were converted to opentype typefaces by Park Won-gyu (박원규). UnBatang also has a version with opentype GSUB/GPOS tables to support archaic Hangul with Hangul Conjoining Jamos.
Baekmuk Batang
백묵 바탕 		Kim Jeong-hwan (김정환) [F] Distributed on most Linux distributions. License: open content.
Seoul Hangang
서울한강체 		Distributed by Seoul Metropolitan Government as its official Ming typeface. Special font for vertical writing included.
Nanum Myeongjo

나눔명조

Naver [F] Open Font License One of Nanum-series fonts, distributed by Naver.
Hamchorom Batang
함초롬바탕 		Hancom [F] Developed by Hancom, supporting Unicode from 1.0 to 5.0 and Hangul Jamo Extended A/B.[16]
Jieubsida Batang
지읍시다바탕 		[F] Korean-language, Ming style offshoot of the Tsukurimashou meta-family, built using METAFONT. License: GPL.[17]

Vietnamese

[edit]
  • Sample of Nôm Na Tống
    Sample of Nôm Na Tống
  • Sample of Minh Nguyên
    Sample of Minh Nguyên
Name Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
Nôm Na Tống 5.040
喃哪宋 5.040 		Created by the Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation. It is based on characters found in Thiền Tông Bản Hạnh (The Origin of Buddhist Meditation, 1933) by Thích Thanh Từ.[18]
Han Nom Font Set [F] GPL Covers Radicals Supplements, CJK, CJK Ext. A, CJK Ext. B;
Han-Nom Minh 1.43
漢喃明 1.43 		UBPSHNVN Contains 34,736 characters with 34,737 glyphs.
Han-Nom Ming 1.10
漢喃明 1.10 		Contains 34,079 characters with 34,082 glyphs.
Minh Nguyen 1.10
明源 1.10

Zhuang

[edit]
Name Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
Sawndip [F] 1999 Arphic Public License Based upon AR PL UMing on which 20k CJK characters were added. It also has over 8 thousand CJK characters used to write Sawndip not in Unicode in PUA plane 16.

Sans-serif

[edit]
See also: East Asian sans-serif typeface

Pan-Unicode/Pan-CJK

[edit]
Sample of Source Han Sans
Name Localisation Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
Arial Unicode MS Pan-Unicode Microsoft Office 2000, XP, 2004. –
TPTQ Sans CJK Pan-CJK Typotheque commercial TDC winner 2023.[19] Used in Ford vehicles in HMI consoles.[20] –
Droid Sans Fallback Pan-Unicode (SC style) Ascender Corporation for Google's Android [F] Apache License 2 Was the default system font for Android below version 4.4.2. Replaced by Source Han Sans.
Pan-CJK Adobe, Google, SinoType, Iwata Corporation, Sandoll Communication. [F] SIL Open Font License License: Apache License 2 on July 15, 2014.[21][22] Since September 29, 2015, all Noto fonts are licensed under the SIL Open Font License rather than the Apache licence.[23]


Chinese

[edit]
  • Sample of WenQuanYi Micro Hei (文泉驿微米黑)
    Sample of WenQuanYi Micro Hei (文泉驿微米黑)
  • Sample of Microsoft JhengHei (微軟正黑體)
    Sample of Microsoft JhengHei (微軟正黑體)
  • Sample of SimHei (中易雅黑), monospaced Latin characters.
    Sample of SimHei (中易雅黑), monospaced Latin characters.
A comparative display of default system fonts from major smartphone brands prominent in the Chinese market: PingFang (苹方, used by Apple), vivo Sans (vivo), MiSans (Xiaomi), OPPO Sans (OPPO), and HarmonyOS Sans (鸿蒙黑体, Huawei).
A side-by-side comparison of five system fonts prominent in the Chinese smartphone market
A comparative display of six mainstream commercial Chinese sans-serif (Hei-style) fonts from leading foundries: Monotype, Hanyi, and FounderType. The fonts featured are: M XiangHe Hei SC Pro (翔鹤黑体), Hanyi Qihei (汉仪旗黑), Hanyi Zhonghei (汉仪中黑), FounderType Yuejia Hei (方正悦驾黑), FounderType You Hei (方正悠黑), and FounderType Lanting Hei Pro Global (方正兰亭黑Pro).
Name Localisation Editor/Creator Licensing Format Comments
WenQuanYi Zen Hei
文泉驿正黑 		SC [F] GPL v2.0 font exception Over 36,000 glyphs in total, among which 20,300 are Chinese characters.
WenQuanYi Micro Hei
文泉驿微米黑 		SC [F] GPL v3 or Apache License v2 Based on Droid Sans Fallback.
PingFang [zh] SC,
PingFang TC,
PingFang HK
苹方-简
蘋方-繁
蘋方-港 		SC, TC (Taiwan), TC (Hong Kong) System font for Apple MacOS system.
Heiti SC,
Heiti TC
黑体-简
黑體-繁 		SC, TC (Taiwan) Was system font for OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard.
Hiragino Sans GB
冬青黑体简体中文
ヒラギノ角ゴ 簡体中文 		SC
STHeiti
华文黑体 		SC SinoType Was system font for OS X 10.2 Jaguar to OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard.
STHeiti Light/[STXihei]
华文细黑 		SC A thinner version of STHeiti Regular.
LiHei Pro Medium
儷黑 Pro 		TC (Taiwan)
Apple LiGothic Medium
蘋果儷中黑 		TC (Taiwan)
Microsoft JhengHei
微軟正黑體 		TC (Taiwan) China Type Design Limited Default Windows system font since Windows Vista.
Microsoft YaHei
微软雅黑 		SC Founder Type Default Windows system font since Windows Vista. (Based on FangZheng LanTing Hei)
MS Hei
MS黑体 		SC
MHei
蒙纳黑體 		TC (Hong Kong) Owned by Monotype
SimHei
中易黑体 or 黑体 		SC
DengXian
等线 		SC
HarmonyOS Sans SC,
HarmonyOS Sans TC
鸿蒙黑体,
鴻蒙黑體 		SC, TC Huawei & Hanyi Fonts Variable font SC supports 27,930 characters (GB18030-2022 L1+L2), TC supports 13,078 characters. Download: official site
MiSans VF,
Misans TC VF 		SC, TC Xiaomi & Hanyi Fonts Variable font SC supports 27,780 characters (GB18030-2022 L1+L2), TC supports 13,078 characters. Download: official site
MiSans L3 SC Single weight (Regular) Supports 60,338 characters (GB18030-2022 L3). Download: official site
OPPO Sans 4.0 SC,
OPPO Sans 4.0 TC 		SC, TC Oppo & Hanyi Fonts Variable font Version 4.0. SC supports 27,772 characters (GB18030-2022 L1+L2), TC supports 13,078 characters. Associated "Hanyi ZhongHei L3" for L3 support. Download: official site
vivo Sans SC VF,
vivo Sans TW VF(vivo Sans TC VF) 		SC, TC FounderType Variable font SC supports 27,831 characters (GB18030-2022 L1+L2), TC supports 13,070 characters. Download: official site
vivo Sans SC L3 SC Single weight (Regular) Supports 60,338 characters (GB18030-2022 L3).
HONOR Sans Design (HONOR Sans VF CN),
HONOR Sans VF TC 		SC, TC Variable font SC supports 27,781 characters (GB18030-2022 L1+L2), TC supports 13,078 characters.Download: official site
FangZheng LanTing Hei (FZLTH)
方正兰亭黑 		SC, TC Commercial Released 2006. Early screen-focused family. Basis for Microsoft YaHei. Supports GB2312, GBK, GB18030-2000, GB18030-2022 L2 & L3.
FangZheng YouHei (FZYouH)
方正悠黑 		SC Released 2014. FounderType's 2nd gen screen font. Supports GB2312, GBK, GB18030-2000, GB18030-2022 L2.
FangZheng LanTing Hei Pro (FZLTHPro)
方正兰亭黑Pro 		SC Released 2017. Optimized LanTing Hei for portable HD screens. Supports GB2312, GBK, GB18030-2000, GB18030-2022 L2.
FangZheng YueJia Hei (FZYJH)
方正悦驾黑 		SC Released 2024. New generation screen font. Supports GB2312, GBK, GB18030-2022 L2.
Hanyi QiHei (HYQiHei)
汉仪旗黑 		SC Hanyi Fonts (汉仪字库) Commercial Released 2013. Modern reading efficiency with traditional calligraphic charm. Conforms to GB18030-2022 L1+L2.
M XiangHe Hei
翔鹤黑体 		SC, TC Monotype Commercial Released 2020. Merges traditional brush strokes (Kaishu style) with modern letterforms. Conforms to GB18030-2022 L1+L2.
Plangothic
遍黑体 		SC Fitzgerald-Porthmouth-Koenigsegg [F] SIL Open Font License Based on Source Han Sans. Fills CJK Extension B to J characters. Contains ~77,000 Hanzi glyphs. Download: project page

Japanese

[edit]
Sample of M+ OUTLINE FONTS typeface.
Sample of IPA Gothic (IPAゴシック)
Name Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
IPA Gothic Designed by Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan [F] IPA licence Part of the IPA font series.[13]
Meiryo
メイリオ 		Default Windows system font since Windows Vista.
Mona Font [F] Public domain
M+ OUTLINE FONTS [F] Free license
VL Gothic
VLゴシック
Sazanami Gothic[24]さざなみゴシック [F] Formerly considered free and included with a number of Linux distributions.[25]
MS Gothic
ＭＳ ゴシック 		Distributed on Microsoft Windows 3.1 and later.
MS PGothic
ＭＳ Ｐゴシック 		Distributed on Microsoft Windows 95 and later.
MS UI Gothic Distributed on Microsoft Windows 98 and later.
Yu Gothic
游ゴシック 		Distributed by Microsoft Windows 8.1.
Yu Gothic UI
Osaka Distributed on Classic Mac OS.
Hiragino Kaku Gothic
ヒラギノ角ゴ 		Distributed on Mac OS X.
Hiragino Maru Gothic
ヒラギノ丸ゴ 		Distributed on Mac OS X.
Kozuka Gothic
小塚ゴシック 		Typeface family provided by new versions of Adobe Illustrator.
GothicBBB-Medium Adobe
Kochi Gothic
東風ゴシック 		[F] Originally named Watanabe font (渡邊フォント).

Formerly considered free that is included with a number of Linux distributions. The development of the font stopped when it was discovered that Watanabe font – which Kochi Gothic based on – was copied from the TypeBank Mincho-M font, developed by TypeBank and Design Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd.[26][27][28]

Korean

[edit]
Sample of Malgun Gothic typeface.
English name CJK name Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
AppleGothic 애플고딕 Fully supports Unicode from Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
Dotum 돋움
DotumChe 돋움체 Monospace font.
Gulim 굴림
GulimChe 굴림체 Monospace font.
Malgun Gothic 맑은 고딕
New Gulim 새굴림
Gulim Old Hangul Jamo
Apple SD Gothic Neo 애플 SD 산돌고딕 Neo
UnDotum 은돋움 [F] GPL Un-series fonts initially derived from Korean LaTeX fonts with the same name.
UnShinmun 은신문 [F] GPL Un-series fonts initially derived from Korean LaTeX fonts with the same name.
Baekmuk Gulim 백묵굴림 [F]
Seoul Namsan 서울남산체 Seoul Metropolitan Government.
Nanum Gothic 나눔고딕 Distributed by Naver. [F] Open Font License Nanum-series fonts.
Hamchorom Dotum 함초롬돋움 Designed by Hancom. [F] Supporting Unicode from 1.0 to 5.0 and Hangul Jamo Extended A/B.[16]
Jieubsida Dodum 지읍시다돋움 [F] GPL [17]

Vietnamese

[edit]
Sample of Gothic Nguyên
Name Editor/Creator Licensing Format Comments
Han-Nom Gothic 1.40 UBPSHNVN 35,733 characters with 36,306 glyphs
Gothic Nguyen 1.21 UBPSHNVN

Regular script

[edit]
See also: Regular script
Sample of Regular script typeface. Shown above are the characters 漢字 (Pinyin: Hànzì), meaning "Chinese characters".

Chinese

[edit]
  • Specimens of various Chinese Kai (regular script) typefaces
  • Hanyi Kaiti (汉仪楷体)
    Hanyi Kaiti (汉仪楷体)
  • SinoType Kaiti (华文楷体)
    SinoType Kaiti (华文楷体)
  • Zhongyi Kaiti / SimKai (中易楷体)
    Zhongyi Kaiti / SimKai (中易楷体)
  • Founder Jiaocai Guifan Kaiti (方正教材规范楷体)
    Founder Jiaocai Guifan Kaiti (方正教材规范楷体)
  • Founder Kaiti (方正楷体)
    Founder Kaiti (方正楷体)
  • Founder XinKaiti (方正新楷体)
    Founder XinKaiti (方正新楷体)
  • TW-Kai (全字庫楷體)
    TW-Kai (全字庫楷體)
  • Adobe Kaiti (Adobe楷体)
    Adobe Kaiti (Adobe楷体)
  • DynaFont Kaishuti (華康楷書體)
    DynaFont Kaishuti (華康楷書體)
  • DynaFont LiKaishu (華康儷楷書)
    DynaFont LiKaishu (華康儷楷書)
  • DynaFont BiaoKaiti / KaiU (華康標楷體)
    DynaFont BiaoKaiti / KaiU (華康標楷體)
Name Localisation Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
Adobe Kaiti Std
Adobe楷体 		SC/TC Adobe, Sandoll Communications Commercial Bundled with Adobe products. Supports both SC and TC glyphs.
BiaoKai, KaiU, DFKai-SB
標楷體 		TC (Taiwan) DynaComware Distributed with Microsoft Windows 95 & higher, and Apple OS X up to Yosemite. Known as BiauKai on macOS.
DFK LiKai
華康儷楷書 		TC A popular typeface from DynaFont (華康字型) series.
DFK KaiShu
華康楷書體 		TC A standard Kai script typeface from DynaFont (華康字型) series.
FZ Jiaocai Guifan Kaiti
方正教材规范楷体 		SC FounderType A Kaiti typeface designed to meet the standards for educational materials in mainland China.
FZ KaiTi
方正楷体 		SC A classic Kaiti typeface from Founder. Often used in publishing and printing.
FZNewKai
方正新楷体
  • FZKaiS-Extended, FZKaiS-Extended(SIP)
  • FZKaiT-Extended, FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)
 SC, TC (SC style) FounderType[29] Initial set released in 2006. 28,928 glyphs in the basic BMP fonts plus another 54,328 in the SIP fonts.
Hanyi Kaiti
汉仪楷体 		SC Hanyi (汉仪字库) A popular Kaiti typeface from Hanyi Fonts.
SimKai, KaiTi
中易楷体
楷体_GB2312 		SC Beijing Zhongyi Electronics Co. (中易电子) Distributed on Chinese versions of Microsoft Windows.
STKaiti
华文楷体 		SC SinoType Distributed with Microsoft Windows and macOS.
TW-Kai,

TW-Kai-Ext-B, TW-Kai-Plus
全字庫正楷體

TC (Taiwan) Ministry of Education, Taiwan[10] [F] Open Government Data License v1.0,[30] equivalent to CC-BY 4.0 International license[12] 100,000+ characters covering CNS 11643. TW-Kai covers the characters mapped to the Basic Multilingual Plane, TW-Kai-Ext-B covers CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, and TW-Kai-Plus covers Private Use Area mapped characters.
I.Ngaan
I.顏體 		TC Keshilu (刻石錄)[31] [F][F] GPL 2.0+ Derived from a Yan styled typeface by Wang Hanzong (王漢宗).[31] As Wang Hanzong fonts are suspected to be copyright infringement, this derived font is considered copyright infringement too.
Free HK Kai
自由香港楷書 		TC (Hong Kong) Free Hong Kong Font (自由香港字型) project [F] CC-BY 4.0 International license[12] Based on TW-Kai, following List of Glyphs of Commonly Used Characters (常用字字形表) by Education Bureau of Hong Kong SAR.[12]

Japanese

[edit]
Name Localisation Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
Klee One
クレーOne 		JP FONTWORKS [F]SIL OFL 1.1 A transitional handwritten style between Kai (regular script) and Fangsong.[32] Has been developed into simplified Chinese font LxgwWenKai (霞鹜文楷)[33] and Taiwanese Traditional Chinese font iansui (芫荽).[34]

Vietnamese

[edit]
Sample of Han-Nom Khai
English name CJK name Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
Han-Nom Khai 1.20 漢喃楷 1.20 UBPSHNVN 28,147 characters with 28,145 glyphs

Clerical script

[edit]
See also: Clerical script
English name Localisation Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
SimLi
中易隶书 or 隶书 		SC Distributed with the Chinese version of Microsoft Office.
UnYetgul
은옛글 		Korean [F] One of Un-series fonts initially derived from the Korean LaTeX fonts.

Imitation Song

[edit]
See also: Imitation Song
Traditional Chinese character "Hàn" (漢) in an Imitation Song typeface.
  • Specimens of various Chinese Fangsong (Imitation Song) typefaces
  • Founder Fangsong (方正仿宋)
    Founder Fangsong (方正仿宋)
  • Adobe Fangsong (Adobe仿宋)
    Adobe Fangsong (Adobe仿宋)
  • Hanyi Fangsong (汉仪仿宋)
    Hanyi Fangsong (汉仪仿宋)
  • Zhongyi Fangsong / SimFang (中易仿宋)
    Zhongyi Fangsong / SimFang (中易仿宋)
Name Localisation Editor/Creator Licensing Comments
FangSong
中易仿宋, 仿宋 (display name) 		SC Microsoft Distributed with the Chinese version of Microsoft Windows.
STFangsong
华文仿宋 		SC SinoType Formerly distributed with Mac 10.4.
Zhuque Fangsong
朱雀仿宋 		SC (and TC?) TrionesType [F]SIL OFL 1.1. Reportedly the first open-source Fangsong font.[35]

Other fonts or projects

[edit]

Pan-Unicode/Pan-CJK

[edit]
English name Localisation Editor/Creator Style Licensing Comments
GNU Unifont Pan-Unicode [F] A GPLed bitmap font that covers the Unicode Basic Multilingual Plane.
Code2000 Pan-Unicode

Chinese

[edit]
Name Localisation Editor/Creator Style Licensing Comments
SimYou
幼圆 		SC Microsoft Rounded Distributed with Chinese version of Microsoft Office.
WenQuanYi Unibit SC WenQuanYi font project Bitmap [F] GPL A bitmap monospaced font.
Shuowen Jiezi True Type Font
說文解字True Type字型 		Chinese Most/all of the characters are small seal script. It is based on annotated Shuowen Jiezi and other sources.
I.PenCrane
I.鋼筆鶴體 		TC (General) Keshilu (刻石錄)[36] Script [F][F] GPL 2.0+ Derived from a handwriting styled typeface by Wang Hanzong (王漢宗).[36] As Wang Hanzong fonts are suspected to be copyright infringement, this derived font is considered copyright infringement too.
Open Huninn
Open 粉圓 		TC (General) Justfont Rounded [F] SIL Open Font License Derived from MOTOYA Kosugi Maru font.
Sample of Open Huninn (Open 粉圓)

Japanese

[edit]
English name Editor/Creator Style Licensing Comments
Mojikyō

文字鏡

Y.OzFontN Handwriting
Kanji Stroke Order Font
漢字の筆順のフォント 		[F]
Choumei [F] Kanji Stroke Order Font with the stroke numbers omitted

Korean

[edit]
English name CJK name Editor/Creator Style Licensing Comments
UnGungseo 은궁서 Calligraphy [F] Part of Un-series.
Jieubsida Sun-Moon 지읍시다선문 "Felt marker style" [F] GPL[17] Offshoot of the Tsukurimashou meta-family, built using METAFONT.

Font series

[edit]

This section lists fonts that are designed to be used together, or created by the same person/organization such that it forms a series of fonts.

English name Localisation Editor/Creator Style Licensing Comments
HanWang Series
王漢宗字体系列 		TC Wang Hanzong (王漢宗), NTU. [F] GPL 42 fonts. Wang is involved in copyright infringement with Arphic Technology for the fonts in 2005.
Arphic PL Fonts series:
  • AR PL Mingti2L Big5
    文鼎 PL 細上海宋
  • AR PL KaitiM Big5
    文鼎 PL 中楷
  • AR PL SungtiL GB
    文鼎 PL 簡報宋
  • AR PL KaitiM GB
    文鼎 PL 簡中楷
 TC (General), SC Arphic foundry Ming/Song, Regular script [F] 1999 Arphic Public License 4 fonts. The CJK Unifonts project was derived from Arphic PL Fonts.
CJK Unifonts series:
  • AR PL UMing
  • AR PL UKai
 SC CJKUnifonts Ming/Song, Regular script [F] 1999 Arphic Public License 2 fonts. AR PL UMing is formerly known as AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni, AR PL 上海宋. AR PL UKai is formerly known as AR PL ZenKai, AR PL 中楷. This is a project under CJK Unifonts, which is included with a number of Linux distributions.[Note 4]

Merger of typefaces in Arphic PL Fonts.

AR PL MingU20-L
文鼎 PL 明體

AR PL BaoSong2GBK
文鼎 PL 報宋

TC (Taiwan), SC Arphic foundry Ming/Song 2010 Arphic Public License (Restricted NC-ND) 2 fonts. License: explicitly restrict distribution of the original or modified font to "only for non-profit purpose".[Note 5]
Fandol series:
  • Fandol Song
  • Fandol Hei
  • Fandol Kai
  • Fandol Fang
 SC From top to bottom:
  • Ming/Song
  • Sans-serif
  • Regular script
  • Imitation Song
 [F][F] GPL with font exception 4 fonts, both Fandol Song and Fandol Hei has two weights (regular/bold). Originally for CTeX, there is debate on whether the font is FOSS as the author may have revoked the license.[37][38]
cwTeX series:
  • cwTeX 仿宋體 (Imitation Song)
  • cwTeX 圓體 (Rounded)
  • cwTeX 明體 (Ming)
  • cwTeX 楷書 (Regular script)
  • cwTeX 粗黑體 (Sans-serif)
 TC From top to bottom:
  • Imitation Song
  • Rounded
  • Ming/Song
  • Regular script
  • Sans-serif
 [F][F] GPL, later SIL OFL 5 fonts. Originally for LaTeX CJK. The Bold Sans-serif has been involved in copyright infringement with Arphic Technology, while the Ming font is found out to be similar to pre-existing font.[39][40]
Nanum Series:

Nanum Pen / Nanum Brush
나눔 손글씨

Korean Distributed by Naver. [F] Open Font License
Un-series Korean Series of Korean fonts derived from LaTeX fonts.

Font foundries

[edit]

This section lists major font foundries that produce CJK fonts.

  1. SinoType Technology (Chinese: 中国常州华文印刷新技术有限公司)
  2. Founder Group (Chinese: 方正)
  3. Hanyi Fonts [zh] (Chinese: 汉仪科印)
  4. DynaLab by DynaComware (Chinese: 華康)
  5. Arphic [zh] (Chinese: 文鼎科技)
  6. Justfont (Chinese: 就是字)

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

List of CJK fonts

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
CJK fonts are typefaces designed to support the writing systems of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages, collectively known as CJK, which rely on shared Han characters alongside unique syllabaries and phonetic scripts. These fonts must accommodate tens of thousands of glyphs to ensure comprehensive coverage, addressing regional variants such as simplified Chinese, traditional Chinese, Japanese , and Korean , making them far more complex than Latin-based typefaces. The development of CJK fonts dates back to the late , when pioneers like Bruce Rosenblum created early digital versions by hand-digitizing characters on limited hardware, overcoming challenges like high memory demands and the need for precise pixel-level adjustments to preserve calligraphic traditions. Classifications of CJK fonts draw from historical printing and calligraphy influences, broadly dividing into serif styles like Songti (also called Mingti in Japanese contexts), which mimic woodblock printing with horizontal strokes thicker than vertical ones, and sans-serif styles like Heiti (or Gothic), featuring uniform stroke widths for modern readability. Other categories include Kaiti (script-like, inspired by clerical scripts), Fangsong (a softer variant of Songti), and more decorative forms like Yuanti (rounded) or Meishu (artistic), each adapted to regional preferences— for instance, Japanese fonts often emphasize Mincho (serif) and Gothic (sans) pairings. These styles are often selected based on function: Song/Ming for long reading in body text such as books and newspapers; Hei for UI, titles, headlines, and signage; Kai and FangSong for educational or classical tone in materials like annotations, formal notes, and official documents; and decorative or historical styles such as Li (clerical), Zhuan/Seal, Yan (based on Tang dynasty calligraphy), and Wei Bei (from Northern Wei inscriptions) for use in art, seals, logos, and ceremonial contexts. These classifications guide the selection of fonts for digital and print media, balancing aesthetic heritage with functional needs like variable weights and OpenType features for advanced typesetting. Notable CJK font families include Adobe's open-source and Source Han Serif, released in collaboration with and others starting in 2014, providing pan-CJK support across seven weights and over 65,000 glyphs for unified cross-regional use. 's Noto Sans CJK, built on the Source Han foundation, extends this accessibility by covering nearly all CJK characters in a design optimized for digital interfaces, available in multiple regional subsets like TC (Traditional Chinese), SC (Simplified Chinese), JP (Japanese), and KR (Korean). Additional prominent examples encompass proprietary offerings such as Morisawa's Ryumin (serif) and Gothic fonts, widely used in Japanese publishing, and Foundertype's FZ series for Chinese markets, reflecting ongoing innovations in variable fonts and localization to meet evolving typographic demands.

Serif Fonts

Pan-CJK Serif Fonts

Pan-CJK serif fonts are serif typefaces engineered to encompass Hanzi for Chinese, for Japanese, and for Korean, featuring harmonized designs that maintain visual consistency across these languages for seamless multilingual rendering. These fonts prioritize broad compatibility, often drawing from traditional Ming (or Mincho in Japanese) styles while adapting to digital requirements like uniform stroke weights and proportional spacing. The development of Pan-CJK serif fonts traces back to the , when Arphic Technology, founded in in 1990, pioneered multilingual CJK typefaces such as the AR PL series, which laid foundational work for unified Han character sets amid the rise of personal computing and early adoption. This evolved through collaborative open-source initiatives in the , culminating in modern variable fonts that allow dynamic weight adjustments and enhanced efficiency for web and print applications. These fonts typically include comprehensive coverage of and Extensions A through F, enabling support for rare, historical, and regional variants, while incorporating features for vertical writing modes compliant with standards. Vertical compatibility ensures proper glyph rotation and positioning for traditional East Asian typesetting, where text flows column-wise from right to left. A prominent example is Noto Serif CJK, developed by Google and released in 2017 under the SIL Open Font License as an open-source project. It contains 65,535 glyphs covering 43,029 characters across Simplified Chinese (SC), Traditional Chinese (TC), Japanese (JP), Korean (KR), and Hong Kong (HK) subsets, with ongoing updates through 2023 incorporating Unicode 15.1 additions, including CJK Extensions A-F. Source Han Serif, a collaborative effort by Adobe and Google also released in 2017 and licensed under SIL OFL, serves as the core family behind Noto Serif CJK, offering seven fixed weights and variable font support introduced in 2020 for scalable interpolation between weights. It spans JP, SC, TC, and KR regions with 65,535 glyphs per resource, including glyphs from CJK Extension F as of its initial release and further enhancements for Unicode compatibility. TH-Tshyn, developed by CheonHyeong since 2015 with a 2023 update (V4.1.0), provides extensive 15.1 compliance across its package of fonts (TH-Tshyn-P0 through P16), supporting over 150,000 characters with full inclusion of CJK Extensions A-F and beyond, emphasizing high quality for scholarly and archival use.

Chinese Serif Fonts

Chinese serif fonts, commonly referred to as Songti (宋体), are typographic designs specifically adapted for the Chinese , emphasizing the classical printing style with bracketed s, horizontal emphasis, and structured stroke weights. These fonts distinguish between Simplified Chinese (SC) variants, prevalent in and , and Traditional Chinese (TC) variants, used in , , and . SC fonts adhere to the GB18030-2022 encoding standard, which encompasses 87,887 Han characters (as of 2022) to ensure comprehensive coverage for modern digital and print applications. In contrast, TC fonts align with standards like for and , supporting around 13,053 primary characters with extensions for additional variants, and CNS 11643 for , which defines over 96,000 characters across multiple planes to accommodate historical and regional forms. A notable open-source example is BabelStone Han, a Songti-style font that provides separate support for SC and TC through its G-source glyphs for simplified forms and extensive traditional coverage. Version 16.0.0, released in 2023, includes over 60,000 Han characters, enabling broad compatibility for scholarly and multilingual texts. Another key open-source font, TW-Sung (全字庫正宋體), developed by Taiwan's Ministry of Education, focuses on TC with more than 100,000 characters, incorporating rare variants and full alignment with the CNS 11643 encoding to preserve orthographic accuracy in educational materials. These fonts play a critical role in CNS 11643 implementation, ensuring precise rendering of Taiwan-specific glyphs in vertical , a traditional format optimized for book layouts with rotated metrics and punctuation adjustments. On the commercial side, Founder Type's FZSongTi represents a high-end Songti font tailored for professional publishing, featuring an extensive glyph set exceeding 20,000 characters for SC and supporting intricate layouts in newspapers and books, with updates continuing into 2024 for enhanced digital compatibility. Hanyi XuanSong, released in 2021 by Hanyi Fonts, refines the Songti aesthetic with subtler serifs and improved contrast for on-screen readability, addressing pixel aliasing in digital interfaces while maintaining over 15,000 Han characters for SC applications. These designs prioritize vertical typesetting optimizations, such as adjusted baseline alignment and stroke tapering, to facilitate seamless integration in bidirectional Chinese texts.

Japanese Serif Fonts

Japanese serif fonts, known as Mincho (明朝), are characterized by serifed designs featuring brush-like strokes and varying line thicknesses that evoke traditional and historical techniques. This style originated from Chinese printing methods and evolved uniquely in , emphasizing subtle variations in shapes for enhanced readability in long-form texts such as books and documents. A prominent open-source example is IPAex Mincho, developed by Japan's Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA) and released in 2010 under the OSI-certified IPA Font License. It provides fixed-width glyphs for Japanese characters (kanji, hiragana, and katakana) alongside proportional-width Latin characters, ensuring compatibility with standard Japanese typesetting. IPAex Mincho complies with the JIS X 0213:2004 standard, supporting a comprehensive set of characters including the 2,136 and the 863 used in personal names. Microsoft's MS Mincho, bundled with Windows operating systems since the early , represents a widely accessible commercial option for everyday use. This font features serifs at stroke ends, making it suitable for both screen display and print applications, and supports the standard (code page 932) for core Japanese characters. It integrates seamlessly with hiragana and , facilitating vertical text layout common in Japanese publications. For professional publishing, Morisawa's Yu Mincho offers high-quality commercial variants optimized for literary works like novels. This font family includes six weights from Light to Extra Bold, with bolder variants featuring distinct structures for headlines, and maintains balanced spacing between and to support fluid vertical . Yu Mincho covers and , ensuring legibility across diverse content while adhering to traditional Mincho aesthetics.

Korean Serif Fonts

Korean serif fonts, known as Myeongjo (명조), are characterized by their serifed designs that draw from traditional calligraphic influences, featuring bracketed and varying stroke widths to enhance the legibility of and characters. These fonts prioritize harmonious rendering of complex clusters while maintaining compatibility with for classical texts, making them ideal for book printing, formal documents, and digital publishing in Korean. Unlike sans-serif alternatives, Myeongjo styles emphasize a warm, modulated appearance that echoes historical techniques adapted for modern screens. A prominent open-source example is Nanum Myeongjo, developed by Sandoll Communications and Fontrix for . Released under the , it supports over 11,000 along with basic Latin characters and a selection of , ensuring broad usability in web and print applications. Its contemporary design includes expert hinting for optimal screen rendering, providing a soft, approachable aesthetic suitable for body text in Korean publications. Microsoft's Batang serves as the default Korean serif font in Windows operating systems, featuring a classic mincho stroke style optimized for Hangul and Hanja. Included since Windows 2000 (version 2.20) and updated through Windows 11 (version 5.02), it covers the Unicode Hangul Syllables block, Korean Hanja from KS X 1001 (code page 949), and additional scripts like Cyrillic and Greek for multilingual support. This font enables unified rendering of mixed Hangul-Hanja content, commonly used in word processing and legacy documents. Adobe's contributions include Adobe Myungjo, an original from the Adobe Originals program initiated in , designed for high-quality Korean typography with support for features and multiple languages including and . For advanced needs, Source Han Serif Korean variant offers comprehensive coverage, including all 11,172 modern , 500 high-frequency archaic Hangul forms for historical literature, and over 7,900 characters from and KS X 1002 standards. This open-source font family ensures consistent Pan-CJK compatibility while prioritizing Korean-specific optimizations like conjoining jamo for archaic scripts.

Other Language Serif Fonts

Serif fonts supporting languages with CJK-like scripts outside the core Chinese, Japanese, and Korean traditions primarily address historical writing systems such as Vietnamese Chữ Nôm and Zhuang , which adapt Han-derived ideographs for vernacular use. These fonts extend CJK typographic principles to encode and render characters from Unicode blocks including and CJK Compatibility Ideographs, often incorporating limited Latin extensions to facilitate mixed-script documents in modern contexts. For Vietnamese Chữ Nôm, a logographic script historically used to write the Vietnamese language from the 10th to 20th centuries, serif fonts provide essential support for rendering over 18,000 encoded characters as of Unicode 8.0, drawn from various CJK extensions to preserve classical literature and inscriptions. The open-source Nom Na Tong font, developed by the Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation since 1999, serves as a key reference implementation with approximately 27,500 glyphs, including 5,040 characters tailored for Vietnamese classics like the Đại Việt Sử Ký Toàn Thư. This TrueType/OpenType font adopts a Song-style serif design, ensuring compatibility with scholarly publications and Unicode code charts, and integrates Basic Latin, Latin-1 Supplement, and Latin Extended-A blocks for modern Vietnamese orthography with diacritics. Zhuang , a traditional ideographic script for the spoken in southern , features limited font coverage due to its regional and historical nature, with characters often unified under CJK Compatibility Ideographs for encoding. The BabelStone Han font, a free Song/Ming-style typeface, includes extensions for among its over 60,000 Han glyphs, supporting Unicode 16.0 and enabling rendering of Zhuang-specific variants alongside standard CJK forms for archival and linguistic research. While dedicated fonts remain scarce, such extensions in broader Han fonts like BabelStone Han highlight the script's reliance on adapted CJK .

Sans-Serif Fonts

Pan-CJK Sans-Serif Fonts

Pan-CJK fonts are typeface families designed to provide uniform, serif-free glyphs for characters across Chinese (Hanzi), Japanese (), and Korean () scripts, ensuring consistent rendering in multilingual digital environments. These fonts prioritize modern, geometric proportions for enhanced legibility on screens, supporting the shared Han ideographs while accommodating regional variations in stroke weight and spacing. A prominent example is , a collaborative open-source project by and released in 2014, featuring seven weights and over 65,000 glyphs to cover the primary character sets for Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. The font family includes versions introduced in 2021, allowing continuous adjustment along the weight axis for flexible design applications. Its comprehensive glyph set reaches the limit of 65,535 glyphs per font, encompassing Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, and extensive , including Extension A and select characters from Extension B. Another key font is , developed by as part of the open-source Noto project to achieve "no tofu" rendering worldwide, with subsets optimized for Japanese (JP), Simplified Chinese (SC), Traditional Chinese (TC), and Korean (KR) regions. Each subset contains 65,535 glyphs and supports 44,806 characters from Unicode blocks such as and , designed as a multi-purpose for digital interfaces. Recent implementations have improved efficiency for web and mobile use, with ongoing refinements ensuring compatibility across devices, including support for 16.0 as of 2024. Huawei's Sans, introduced in 2021 and integrated into the ecosystem with updates in subsequent versions, serves as a Pan-CJK sans-serif font supporting Simplified and Traditional Chinese alongside global scripts like Latin and Cyrillic, covering over 105 languages for unified multilingual display. It emphasizes optimized grayscale rendering for diverse screen scenarios, with seven weights to facilitate clear typography in mobile and embedded systems. These fonts commonly incorporate features such as vertical metrics for proper alignment in East Asian typography and broad coverage of Extensions, enabling support for rare and historical characters up to 15.0 standards.

Chinese Sans-Serif Fonts

Chinese fonts, commonly referred to as Hei (黑体) or , emerged in the early as a modern typographic style inspired by Western typefaces but adapted for . These fonts are defined by their bold, block-like forms with square proportions, uniform stroke widths, and absence of serifs, which provide a clean, high-contrast appearance suitable for headlines, signage, and digital interfaces. The emphasis on stroke uniformity in contemporary Hei designs enhances on screens by reducing visual noise and improving character recognition at small sizes, particularly in high-density displays. A defining feature of Hei fonts is their compliance with standards like GB18030, China's national character encoding specification, which ensures support for over 27,000 simplified and traditional Chinese glyphs alongside compatibility with legacy encodings such as GBK and Big5. This makes them essential for software localization and in Chinese-speaking regions. Unlike pan-CJK sans-serif fonts that prioritize cross-language unification, Chinese-specific Hei variants focus on hanzi-centric optimizations, such as balanced spacing for simplified characters in or traditional forms in and . Prominent examples include PingFang, a system font developed collaboratively by Apple and DynaComware, introduced as the default Chinese sans-serif in macOS (2015) and updated in subsequent releases for improved rendering. Available in six weights (Thin to Black) across Simplified Chinese (SC), Traditional Chinese (TC), and (HK) subsets, PingFang adheres to GB18030 for full character coverage and emphasizes even stroke distribution for optimal digital readability. Another key commercial offering is FangZheng YueJia Hei, released by Founder Type in as a next-generation screen font family. Designed for high-resolution displays, it features compact character bounding boxes, tightened central structures (zhonggong), and refined endings to balance traditional with modern efficiency, supporting GB18030-2022 Level 2 for automotive interfaces and general UI applications.

Japanese Sans-Serif Fonts

Japanese sans-serif fonts, commonly referred to as Gothic typefaces (ゴシック体), feature uniform stroke widths without s, imparting a clean, mechanical aesthetic ideal for modern digital and print applications in Japanese text. These fonts prioritize readability on screens and in dense layouts, balancing the square proportions of ideographs with the more fluid forms of Hiragana and scripts, often adhering to JIS standards for glyph consistency. Unlike counterparts, Gothic styles emphasize simplicity and neutrality, making them suitable for user interfaces, , and contemporary . A prominent example is , developed by in collaboration with designers Eiichi Kono and of C&G Inc., serving as the default font for Japanese Windows systems since Vista. This versatile font supports encoding, ensuring compatibility with standard Japanese character sets, and includes proportional widths for Latin characters while maintaining full-width metrics for and to preserve traditional typesetting harmony. Meiryo's design optimizes on-screen clarity through open letterforms and balanced spacing, with built-in support for vertical writing modes via features that rotate glyphs and adjust punctuation positions for tategaki (vertical script) flow. Available in regular, bold, italic, and UI-optimized variants, it facilitates seamless integration of Japanese and Roman text in multilingual documents. Another key open-source option is IPA Gothic, provided by Japan's Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA) as a JIS X 0213:2004-compliant font family. Released in 2003 and updated periodically, it encompasses over 13,000 glyphs, including those aligned with early Japan1 standards for broad compatibility in digital environments. The font employs full-width designs for and to align with monospaced Japanese norms, while offering a proportional variant for Latin scripts to enhance mixed-language layouts. IPA Gothic includes vertical writing optimizations, such as rotated forms for half-width and adjusted inter-character spacing, making it suitable for traditional Japanese publishing and web rendering. Widely distributed in and open-source ecosystems, it promotes accessibility for developers and designers seeking royalty-free Japanese type solutions.

Korean Sans-Serif Fonts

Korean fonts, often referred to as the Dotum style, are designed with clean, unadorned lines to optimize the rendering of and characters, ensuring legibility in digital interfaces and print media. This style emphasizes proportional spacing and neutral stroke widths, distinguishing it from more ornate counterparts while maintaining compatibility with broader principles in Pan-CJK . A prominent example is Malgun Gothic, developed by Microsoft Corporation in collaboration with designers Kyoung-bae Lee and Daekwon Kim, leveraging technology for enhanced onscreen readability. Introduced with in 2006, it serves as the default font for Korean in subsequent Windows versions, including , supporting scripts for , , Hiragana, Katakana, and Latin characters through code pages like 949 (Korean Wansung). Malgun Gothic complies with standards for and encoding, featuring unified metrics that align the proportions of clusters with glyphs to prevent layout inconsistencies in mixed-text environments. Another key font is Nanum Gothic, an open-source published by and distributed via platforms like under a permissive allowing free commercial and personal use. It offers multiple static weights, including regular, bold, and extra bold variants, with expert hinting for optimal screen rendering of and . Like Malgun Gothic, Nanum Gothic adheres to for , incorporating unified metrics to ensure consistent baseline alignment and between and elements. These fonts exemplify the Dotum style's focus on modernity and accessibility, with Malgun Gothic dominating proprietary systems and Nanum Gothic enabling widespread open-source adoption in web and application design.

Other Language Sans-Serif Fonts

Sans-serif fonts for CJK-related languages beyond the core Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scripts often blend Latin-based alphabets with ideographic elements, particularly for Vietnamese and Zhuang, to accommodate hybrid writing systems. These fonts support blocks such as Basic Latin (U+0000–U+007F), (U+0080–U+00FF), and (U+0100–U+017F) for diacritics, while drawing on (U+4E00–U+9FFF) for historical logographic components. In Vietnamese typography, sans-serif fonts emphasize support for the modern Latin alphabet with tonal diacritics like the , horn, and hooks, alongside compatibility for , the historical ideographic script adapted from Han characters. characters, comprising borrowed Chinese ideographs and Vietnam-specific creations, are encoded within the block, enabling their rendering in sans-serif CJK extensions. This dual support facilitates both contemporary text and paleographic studies. Prominent examples include the open-source Noto Sans family, which provides comprehensive extensions for Vietnamese. The core Noto Sans covers Latin scripts with full diacritic support for tones and marks, while Noto Sans CJK offers unmodulated sans-serif designs for over 65,000 glyphs, including those used in Chữ Nôm. In 2024, Noto fonts were updated to align with Unicode 16.0, incorporating enhancements for Southeast Asian character variants and improving coverage for scripts like Tai Viet, which shares phonetic similarities with Vietnamese elements. Another key font is Be Vietnam Pro, a neo-grotesque sans-serif tailored for digital use, featuring refined letterforms and adaptive diacritics that adjust positioning for optimal clarity in Vietnamese text. It supports all required tones and is particularly suited for tech interfaces, ensuring seamless integration of Latin and potential CJK hybrid elements. For Zhuang, sans-serif font adaptations remain limited, primarily leveraging Pan-CJK subsets to handle the language's Latin alphabet with tones, supplemented by ideographic support for Sawndip, a traditional script using modified Chinese characters. Sawndip characters are distributed across CJK Unified Ideographs and extensions like Extension B (U+20000–U+2A6DF), with comprehensive CJK sans-serif families like Noto Sans CJK enabling partial rendering of Sawndip through their broad ideograph coverage, though specialized sans-serif variants are scarce. Screen-optimized designs in these fonts prioritize low-resolution rendering, with features like hinted s and variable weights to maintain for Vietnamese tones on digital displays. For instance, Be Vietnam Pro includes forms that prevent diacritic stacking issues in web environments, enhancing readability without sacrificing the clean lines of aesthetics. Similarly, Noto Sans CJK's modular design supports efficient on-screen rendering of and glyphs in paleographic contexts.

Script-Specific Fonts

Regular Script Fonts

Regular script, known as kaishu (楷書) in Chinese and kaisho in Japanese, is a calligraphic style characterized by brush-written, non-serifed characters with neat, square proportions and distinct, flowing strokes that emphasize clarity and balance. This style emerged during the Three Kingdoms period around 230 CE but reached stylistic maturity in the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE), evolving from earlier scripts to become the foundational form for modern printed Chinese characters. Fonts mimicking regular script aim to replicate these brush dynamics digitally, often featuring variable stroke widths and subtle angularity to evoke traditional calligraphy while ensuring legibility for artistic reproductions or historical texts. In Chinese typography, prominent examples include the open-source AR PL UKai font family, which focuses on Traditional Chinese (TC) variants and derives from the original AR PL KaitiM and GB encodings to provide high-quality support. AR PL UKai covers over 23,900 glyphs, enabling comprehensive rendering of classical literature and historical documents with a style that closely imitates the non-cursive, structured essence of kaishu. This font is widely distributed in open-source environments, such as distributions, for its balance of aesthetic fidelity and broad character set, including extensions for rare variants used in ancient texts. Within regular script styles, Yen or Yan (顏體), originating from the calligraphy of Yan Zhenqing in the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE), features strong structure, thick strokes, and upright balance, used for calligraphic fonts conveying formal or moral gravitas. Similarly, Wei Bei (魏碑體), originating from Northern Wei stone inscriptions during the Northern Dynasties period (386–535 CE), has angular, forceful, transitional forms, suitable for display and historical or monumental tone. A related variant is Cursive (草書體), a calligraphic shorthand originating around the end of the Han dynasty (c. 220 CE), featuring highly abbreviated, flowing connections; it is used in art and calligraphy but not for general reading due to its abbreviated nature. Japanese adaptations of kaisho emphasize integration with kana scripts and often draw from Tang-era influences. Morisawa Inc., a leading Japanese type foundry, offers fonts like Outai Kaisho, modeled after the calligraphy of Ouyang Xun—a Tang dynasty master— to revive graceful, brush-like forms suitable for titles, signage, and decorative printing. Other variants include Kaisho MCBK1, an extra-bold design with intensified stroke power for visual impact, and Shinsei Kaisho CBSK1, which prioritizes uniform sizing between kanji and kana for practical typesetting. These fonts, available in OpenType format, support stylistic alternates to simulate brush variations, enhancing their use in artistic Japanese media. For Vietnamese applications, forms extend to chữ Nôm, a historical logographic system blending with native inventions. The Nom Na Tong Regular font, developed by the Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation since 1999, serves as a reference for Hán-Nôm encoding in , covering thousands of Nôm glyphs in a kaishu-inspired style to facilitate digitization of pre-modern . This open-source font ensures accurate representation of classical Nôm texts, with recent updates aligning glyphs to international standards like IRG WS2024 for simplified Chinese compatibility. Modern serif fonts approximate regular script's structure but typically lack the nuanced brush simulation found in dedicated kaishu designs.

Clerical Script Fonts

Clerical script, known as lishu (隸書) in Chinese, represents a pivotal style in the evolution of CJK writing systems, originating from the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE) and maturing during the Han dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE). This script, referred to as Li (隸書體), is distinguished by its flattened, horizontal strokes and square, rectilinear forms, which simplified writing for administrative purposes compared to the more curved seal script; it features wide forms and distinctive “silkworm head, wild goose tail” strokes, often used for decorative and historical emphasis in modern contexts. These characteristics—featuring even, wave-like horizontal lines and angular verticals—facilitated faster inscription on bamboo slips and stone, emphasizing practicality in official documentation. In modern digital , clerical script fonts primarily draw from Chinese traditions, with commercial offerings like the HongDe Lishu Family by Hanyi Fonts, which preserves the script's clear, decent structure for contemporary design while retaining historical proportions. Another example is Hanyi Da Li Shu, a brush-inspired supporting under the GB2312 set, often used for decorative and historical reproductions. These fonts adapt the script's bold, structured for applications in branding and , maintaining the horizontal emphasis that defines lishu. Adaptations in Japanese and Korean contexts remain limited, primarily appearing in specialized historical or calligraphic software rather than widespread commercial typefaces. In Japanese typography, reisho (隷書) fonts such as Reisho 101 by Morisawa offer a stable, weighted interpretation of clerical forms, incorporating unique elements for kanji alongside hiragana and katakana. Similarly, Fontworks' KanaeReisho Std B provides an original reisho design that balances tradition with modern usability. For Korean, yeseo (예서) equivalents are mostly confined to artistic calligraphy tools, with few dedicated fonts beyond custom implementations in educational software for Hangul-influenced historical texts. Unicode supports clerical script through Ideographic Description Characters (U+2FF0–U+2FFF), which enable the compositional description of CJK ideographs, including lishu variants, allowing fonts to render archaic forms by combining components like left-to-right (⿰) or top-to-bottom (⿱) structures. This mechanism facilitates epigraphic reproductions, as clerical script was extensively used in Han-era stelae and cliff inscriptions to document official decrees and commemorate events, preserving its bureaucratic legacy in stone carvings.

Seal Script Fonts

Seal script, or zhuanshu (篆書), represents the ancient precursor to modern , featuring highly pictographic and compact forms that evolved from inscriptions on animal bones and turtle shells during the (c. 1600–1046 BCE) and early bronze vessel engravings. This script style, known as Zhuan or Seal (篆書體), originating from the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE) and earlier periods, emphasizes rounded, flowing strokes and symmetrical structures, with archaic forms suitable for seals, logos, and ceremonial contexts, distinguishing it as a symbolic and artistic medium rather than a practical . The two primary variants are the large seal script (dazhuan, 大篆), with more varied and elaborate forms from the (1046–256 BCE), and the (xiaozhuan, 小篆), which was standardized by the (221–206 BCE) under to unify writing across the empire. In digital typography, seal script fonts emulate these historical forms for cultural preservation and creative applications, primarily focusing on Chinese zhuanshu but with limited extensions to Japanese (tensho) and Korean (jeonseo) contexts. A prominent commercial example is Founder Small Seal (FZXiaoZhuanTi, 方正小篆体), developed by Beijing Founder Group and designed by calligrapher Zhang Yongming based on the ancient dictionary Shuowen Jiezi; it covers approximately 7,813 characters from the GBK encoding, including simplified and traditional variants, and was released in 2000 as a premium resource for studying small seal script. For Japanese applications, HOT-Tenshokk offers a tensho-style typeface drawn by a master engraver from a traditional seal shop, supporting 1,026 educational kanji (kyoiku-yo-kanji) alongside hiragana, katakana, and alphanumerics, making it suitable for seals (hanko) and artistic designs. Korean digital support remains sparse, with jeonseo-style fonts rare and often limited to custom calligraphy tools rather than comprehensive typefaces. Open-source projects provide accessible alternatives for seal script emulation, such as JFZSKSealScript, a typeface inspired by inscriptions on the Three Bronzes of the Zhongshan Kingdom (c. 4th century BCE), developed by Jingfeng Liu to digitize rare ancient seal variants for research and design. Pan-CJK extensions are uncommon due to the script's Chinese origins, but fonts like BabelStone Han incorporate historical Hanzi forms in its private use area (PUA), enabling rare support for archaic seal-like glyphs across simplified and traditional Chinese, Japanese kanji, and Korean hanja. These fonts prioritize small seal variants for authenticity, often covering core Unicode CJK unified ideographs while extending to less common historical characters. Seal script fonts find applications in artistic contexts, such as book covers, cultural exhibitions, and traditional crafts, where their elegant, archaic aesthetic evokes historical depth. In contemporary , they are popular for tattoos, symbolizing timeless heritage and personal mottos through intricate, flowing designs that connect wearers to ancient symbolism. This later influenced the development of for administrative efficiency, marking a shift from ornamental to functional writing.

Specialized Styles

Imitation Song Fonts

Imitation Song fonts, also referred to as Fangsongti (仿宋), constitute a typeface category in Chinese that emulates the refined serifs and proportions of traditional style fonts while incorporating modern modifications such as even stroke widths and reduced variation in line thickness for enhanced uniformity. Originating as an imitation of Song-style handwriting, these fonts feature lighter, more cursive characteristics than standard Song/Ming styles, with even strokes that provide a subtle handwritten feel. This blend allows them to retain an elegant, historical appearance suitable for body text, yet adapt better to digital environments where pixel constraints demand clearer rendering compared to purely traditional Song variants. Developed initially as metal types in the early , these fonts marked a pivotal in East Asian , bridging woodblock traditions with industrialized production methods. The origins of Imitation Song trace back to 1915, when the first such typeface was created by typographers including the Ding brothers, drawing inspiration from thin, condensed characters in Song dynasty block-printed books to suit contemporary needs. In the digital era, this style gained prominence for official documents and classical texts, where its subtle serifs provide a professional tone without sacrificing readability on screens or in print. For instance, Microsoft's FangSong, a Simplified Chinese implementation, supports a range of uses from documents to interfaces, emphasizing light strokes for visual balance. Prominent examples include STFangsong (华文仿宋), engineered by SinoType in 2002 as a font optimized for CJK integration, and bundled with Apple's macOS for both Traditional and Simplified Chinese locales to ensure consistent display across devices. Adobe Fangsong, part of the Adobe Originals collection, further exemplifies this style through its high-fidelity digital revival, featuring precise designs that preserve the original's narrow body and powerful thin strokes for versatile applications in design software. Mincho serves as the primary style in Japanese , with fonts like MS Mincho providing refinements for pan-CJK compatibility in products and aiding screen-based rendering in multilingual contexts. These fonts excel in web design due to their intermediate legibility—offering serif distinction for extended reading while approximating clarity on low-resolution displays, as seen in early digital transitions where styles alone proved too intricate.

Blackbody Fonts

Blackbody fonts, referred to as Hei Ti (黑体) in Chinese typography, are bold variants of typefaces characterized by thick, uniform stroke widths that create a strong, emphatic visual presence in CJK scripts. Originating in the modern era and influenced by Western sans-serif designs, they emphasize geometric simplicity and even thickness to ensure legibility at various sizes, including small scales for signage and UI elements, distinguishing them as a staple for high-impact text. Evolved from early 20th-century Hei styles during the modernization of Chinese , they are commonly used for headlines, user interfaces, and signage due to their clarity and modern appearance. These fonts are particularly favored in , headlines, and display contexts within CJK , where their bold structure conveys modernity and authority, aligning with the demands of contemporary . Their dominance in digital interfaces, such as on smartphones and computers, stems from optimized rendering that maintains clarity without serifs. Key Chinese examples include the FZHei series from Founder Type, a neutral and versatile boldface with moderate weight ideal for media and screen use, supporting extensive character sets for professional applications. Pan-CJK blackbody variants, such as the Heavy weight of , extend this style across Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, enabling seamless bold emphasis in multilingual projects. Many such fonts leverage features for advanced bold simulation and stylistic alternates, enhancing compatibility in modern typesetting software.

Rounded and Decorative Fonts

Rounded and decorative CJK fonts emphasize playful, approachable designs that deviate from traditional geometric precision, often featuring softened edges or ornamental elements to convey warmth, creativity, or thematic flair in casual contexts. Rounded styles, in particular, achieve friendly aesthetics by blunting sharp corners and curves in character strokes, making them suitable for modern digital interfaces where a softer visual tone enhances without sacrificing . These fonts typically draw from foundations but prioritize rounded terminals and uniform stroke widths to evoke a sense of approachability, distinguishing them from more angular variants used in formal . Originating in the modern era, rounded or Yuan (圓體) fonts feature rounded corners and a soft appearance, commonly used for children’s materials and friendly user interfaces. A prominent example of a rounded CJK font is TPTQ Round CJK, released by Typotheque in May 2025 as a variable font supporting Pan-CJK scripts, including Simplified and Traditional Chinese, Japanese Kanji, Hiragana, Katakana, and Korean Hangul. This chunky, friendly typeface features beginning and ending strokes designed with rounded forms, allowing for flexible weight adjustments across formal and informal applications such as messaging apps and branding materials. Its variable nature enables seamless scaling from light to bold weights, optimizing it for UI/UX design in cross-cultural digital products. While it covers core CJK glyphs comprehensively, extensions for rare variants may require supplementary fonts due to the complexities of regional character differences. Hanyi's Yuan/Round category offers additional rounded options tailored for branding and digital use, such as HYYouKai 35W and HYYouKai 95W, which employ soft, curved designs to create a modern, inviting appearance in Chinese text. These fonts soften the angularity of standard forms, promoting a gentle visual flow ideal for casual UI elements like app icons or promotional graphics. Their rounded aesthetics help in evoking trust and playfulness in user interfaces, though glyph coverage is often focused on essential Simplified Chinese sets, with limited support for extended or to keep file sizes manageable for web deployment. Decorative variants within CJK introduce ornate or thematic embellishments, expanding beyond basic to support creative branding and visual storytelling. Cursive (草書體) fonts, derived from calligraphic shorthand originating in ancient China, feature highly abbreviated, flowing connections between strokes, suitable primarily for artistic and calligraphic purposes rather than general reading. Hanyi's Decoration category includes examples like HYZhuZiHaiDiShiJie , an underwater-themed font with fluid, ornate strokes that mimic marine motifs for immersive designs in or . Similarly, HYYongZiYeZiShu adopts a tropical, illustrative style with decorative flourishes around characters, suited for posters and event branding, while HYYongZiWuShi incorporates festive lion-dance elements for celebratory contexts. These fonts prioritize artistic expression over exhaustive coverage, often limiting glyphs to 1,000–3,000 characters focused on popular usage, which suits targeted UI/UX applications like themed app interfaces but necessitates pairing with standard fonts for full text. Their post-2020 developments reflect a trend toward customizable, scenario-specific typefaces in commercial Chinese design. Overall, rounded and decorative CJK fonts serve niche roles in UI/UX and branding by fostering emotional connections through stylized forms, though their specialized nature means they are frequently used in combination with broader families to ensure comprehensive script support across Chinese, Japanese, and Korean contexts.

Open-Source Projects

Pan-CJK Open-Source Fonts

Pan-CJK open-source fonts are collaborative projects designed to provide unified typographic support across Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), Japanese, and Korean scripts, often under the (OFL) version 1.1, which permits free modification, distribution, and embedding while requiring attribution. These fonts emphasize broad coverage, including extensions for compatibility across East Asian writing systems, and are typically hosted on with community contribution models involving pull requests, issue tracking, and volunteer glyph design. Development focuses on harmonizing glyph shapes to reduce visual inconsistencies in multilingual documents, with ongoing updates to incorporate new characters, such as support for version 16.0 released in 2024. A prominent example is the CJK suite, developed by in collaboration with , comprising and families. These fonts offer comprehensive coverage of over 65,000 glyphs per style, supporting Simplified Chinese (SC), Traditional Chinese (TC), Japanese (JP), Korean (KR), and variants, with options for weight interpolation. Licensed under OFL 1.1, the project maintains an active repository where contributions include glyph refinements and bug fixes, with releases documented in files tracking updates to features and subset optimizations. As of November 2025, the latest releases (e.g., version 2.004) have integrated support for 16.0, including new extensions, ensuring compatibility with modern text rendering in applications like web browsers and operating systems. Another key font is Sarasa Gothic, a community-driven monospace typeface tailored for programming and technical documentation. It combines elements from , Iosevka, and Inter, providing monospaced CJK glyphs that align with Latin characters for consistent code readability, with full coverage of SC, TC, JP, and KR scripts plus regional variants. Released under OFL 1.1, Sarasa Gothic is built using tools like and Font Development Kit for OpenType (AFDKO), and its repository encourages contributions from nine core developers, focusing on weight variants and italic styles. In 2025, ongoing updates including version 1.0.34 have introduced enhancements for compatibility and refined glyph metrics, aligning with 16.0 to support emerging ideographs without breaking existing layouts. These projects exemplify open-source Pan-CJK efforts by prioritizing accessibility and extensibility, with download options including super OTC (OpenType Collection) files for efficient multi-language deployment. Community involvement ensures iterative improvements, such as optical size adjustments and language-specific glyph swaps, fostering widespread adoption in free software ecosystems.

Chinese Open-Source Fonts

Chinese open-source fonts have emerged as vital resources for digital , particularly for Simplified Chinese (SC) and Traditional Chinese (TC) scripts, driven by community contributions on platforms like . These projects address the need for freely available, high-quality typefaces that comply with standards such as GB2312 and , enabling broader accessibility in and open-source ecosystems. The WenQuanYi series, initiated in 2004 as a collaborative effort by the WenQuanYi Board of Trustees, represents one of the earliest and most influential open-source Chinese font families. It includes styles like WenQuanYi Micro Hei and Zen Hei, derived from Google's Droid Sans Fallback, covering all 20,932 Han glyphs in the GBK code points for comprehensive SC support. These fonts are licensed under open-source terms and are widely integrated into distributions, such as and openSUSE, where they serve as default CJK fallbacks for rendering Chinese text. While full GB18030 compliance remains partial due to the focus on GBK, community contributions continue to enhance glyph completeness, with versions like Zen Hei v0.8 providing robust compatibility. More recent community-driven projects, such as I.Ming, exemplify advancements in Ming-style () fonts tailored for both SC and TC. Released under the IPA Open Font License v1.0, I.Ming adheres to inherited standards from historical printing orthographies, incorporating over 20,000 glyphs across sets like GB2312, , and the for precise typographic fidelity. Its / format ensures compatibility with systems, supporting modern applications while preserving traditional aesthetics. The project's latest version, 8.10 from April 2024, expands coverage to include supplementary characters like extensions, making it a key resource for GitHub-based font development.

Japanese Open-Source Fonts

Japanese open-source fonts are primarily spearheaded by the Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA), a Japanese organization dedicated to advancing information technology standards, including the development of freely available typefaces for public and official use. These fonts adhere to JIS X 0213: specifications, ensuring comprehensive coverage of Japanese characters such as , , and symbols, while being released under the permissive IPA Font License that allows unrestricted use, modification, and distribution, including for documents and commercial applications. This initiative addresses the need for high-quality, cost-free in digital publishing, education, and administration, promoting accessibility across platforms. The flagship IPA Font family encompasses styles like Mincho (a traditional serif typeface suitable for formal texts) and Gothic (a sans-serif variant for modern, clean layouts), with the IPAex series representing an optimized evolution released in February 2010 to enhance document readability and aesthetic balance. IPAex fonts employ fixed-width designs for Japanese glyphs to maintain uniform spacing in typesetting, contrasted with proportional widths for Latin characters, supporting both display and print environments; the series includes over 8,000 glyphs in its core sets. Updates to version 004.01, incorporated in distributions by 2019 and refreshed in packaging by 2022, improved outline quality and compatibility with extended character sets, aligning with industry benchmarks such as subsets of the Adobe-Japan1 glyph collection for consistent rendering in cross-platform workflows. These public-domain-like releases under the IPA license facilitate community contributions and widespread adoption without proprietary restrictions. Complementing IPA efforts, community-led projects like the M+ Fonts family, initiated by designer Coji Morishita in 2003 and maintained via , provide versatile open-source alternatives with multiple weights from Thin to Black and JIS-compliant support for more than 5,700 . The family emphasizes harmonious integration of Japanese and Latin scripts, with specialized rounded variants such as M PLUS Rounded 1c offering softened terminals for a contemporary, approachable feel in user interfaces and branding. Licensed openly to encourage modifications, these fonts saw expansions in rounded styles through ongoing development, with notable integrations and updates available by 2024 via platforms like , broadening their utility in and mobile applications.

Korean Open-Source Fonts

Korean open-source fonts primarily focus on script support, emphasizing readability for the while adhering to permissive licenses such as the (OFL). These fonts are developed by tech companies and community contributors to provide free alternatives for digital interfaces, printing, and software integration, often covering ranges for modern and historical Korean characters. The Nanum series, initiated by Naver Corporation in 2008, represents a comprehensive family of Hangul fonts distributed under an open license allowing personal and commercial use with attribution. This collection includes variants like Nanum Gothic (sans-serif), Nanum Myeongjo (serif), and Nanum Square, forming a full type family suitable for body text, headings, and UI design. In 2023, Naver released variable font versions of Nanum Square Neo, enabling adjustable weights from Light to Black for flexible typographic applications across devices. A recent addition, Nanum Human released in November 2024, is a humanist typeface suitable for both titles and body text, further expanding the series for versatile Korean typography. Specific variants within the Nanum series extend support to archaic forms, aligning with standards like KS X 1027 for historical characters used in classical texts. For instance, Nanum Myeongjo Old Hangeul incorporates old glyphs, facilitating rendering of pre-modern Korean script in scholarly and cultural contexts. Additionally, Nanum Gothic has been integrated into the Android Open Source Project (AOSP) as a default Korean font in versions from 4.2 to 4.4, enhancing native support for on mobile devices. Another notable example is Maple Mono, an open-source monospace font released in versions up to under the SIL OFL 1.1, designed specifically for coding environments with CJK coverage including Korean Hangul. It features rounded corners, programming ligatures, and Nerd Font icons, ensuring 2:1 width alignment between Latin and Hangul characters for improved terminal and IDE usability. This font builds on resources like Source Han Rounded for its CJK glyphs, prioritizing developer workflows in multilingual settings.

Commercial Foundries

Chinese Foundries

Chinese font foundries, predominantly located in and , have established themselves as key players in the development of CJK typefaces, emphasizing high-quality digital fonts tailored for the expansive Chinese market. These foundries focus on creating comprehensive libraries that support simplified and , often integrating advanced technologies for web and mobile applications. -based operations dominate due to their proximity to mainland China's publishing and tech industries, while foundries contribute unique perspectives influenced by bilingual and international design needs. FounderType, operated by Founder Electronics Co., Ltd., stands as one of the pioneering Chinese font developers, having produced the first Chinese font for Windows in 1991 and becoming the largest global supplier of Chinese typefaces. Its FZ (Fang Zheng) series includes classic designs such as FZShuTi, FZYaoTi, FZ QianLongXingShu, and FZ GoolongWuxia, which blend traditional influences with modern readability for text and display uses. The foundry maintains a library of over 3,000 Chinese font styles, including GBK-encoded sets covering 21,003 characters and super-large sets with up to 70,244 characters, supporting diverse applications from print to digital interfaces. Licensing options include integration with for personal and commercial use, alongside volume licensing and custom services for enterprises. Hanyi Fonts, formally Beijing Hanyi Keyin Co., Ltd., founded in 1993 as a with the Research Institute of Printing Science , offers one of the most extensive proprietary collections with nearly 20,000 font styles encompassing simplified and traditional Chinese, alongside Western and handwritten variants. This vast library, developed by a professional design team, includes over 500 core products optimized for multi-scenario use, such as the HANYI HeiMiTi family for bold applications and creative handwriting fonts like Senty series. Hanyi's licensing models are flexible, featuring personal terminal licenses (priced at 6-12 yuan for individual use), enterprise desktop packages for logo and , and custom solutions tailored by their team to enhance brand identity in . Their FullType Super-Compact technology reduces file sizes for web optimization, facilitating broader adoption in online publishing. In , foundries like , established in 2021 in , , specialize in original Chinese type design to improve reading experiences in East Asian contexts, producing fonts that address legibility challenges in dense text environments. This smaller-scale operation emphasizes multiscript , including CJK elements, and collaborates on projects that preserve local typographic heritage while innovating for digital platforms. Kowloon Type's offerings are licensed through direct sales and partnerships, focusing on professional designers and publishers seeking culturally resonant typefaces. Post-2020, these foundries have significantly influenced China's digital publishing surge, where user scale reached 670 million digital readers in 2024, driven by advancements in font technology and market applications. They enable seamless integration of high-fidelity CJK fonts in e-books, apps, and websites, supporting the industry's 17.52% annual growth through optimized variable fonts and AI-assisted that enhance and visual consistency. For instance, Hanyi and FounderType have expanded web-embedding capabilities, aligning with trends toward variable-width and monospaced options for responsive . This ecosystem contrasts with open-source efforts by prioritizing licensed, high-volume libraries that underpin commercial publishing's shift to formats.

Japanese Foundries

Japanese commercial font foundries specialize in high-quality typefaces optimized for , Hiragana, and , often emphasizing legibility in print and digital media while adhering to (JIS) for character metrics and spacing. Morisawa Inc., established in 1926 in , stands as Japan's premier type foundry, renowned for its extensive library exceeding 2,000 typefaces that support multilingual applications, including comprehensive CJK character sets. The company pioneered digital font development in and continues to innovate with fonts designed for professional printing, web use, and embedding solutions. Morisawa's flagship offerings include the Morisawa Fonts subscription service, which provides access to over 3,000 license-free typefaces across Japanese, Chinese, and Korean scripts, facilitating seamless integration in design workflows. Key examples from their portfolio feature classic serifs like A1 Mincho and modern sans-serifs such as UD SHIN GO, a variable-weight CJK family available in multiple scripts for versatile applications in Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Additionally, their TypeBank collection comprises digital libraries of heritage typefaces, digitized for contemporary use and distributed through platforms like , where over 100 Morisawa fonts are licensed for web and desktop synchronization. These fonts often carry JIS X 4051 for standardized proportions, ensuring compatibility with Japanese traditions. Morisawa's integration with extends to CID-keyed font , enabling robust support for complex CJK rendering in creative software. Ricoh, a major player in imaging and printing technology, contributes to the CJK font ecosystem through its development of foundational Japanese typefaces, notably collaborating on MS Gothic and MS Mincho, which became de facto standards for Windows environments in the 1990s. Ricoh's font offerings focus on and outline formats tailored for enterprise printing and document management, including simulation fonts that emulate raster styles for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters in AFP environments. Their libraries emphasize JIS-compliant designs for precise character reproduction, with seamless integration via CID-keyed structures to support high-volume output in business applications. While not exclusively a , Ricoh's contributions underscore the blend of hardware and typography in Japan's commercial font landscape.

Korean Foundries

Korean commercial font foundries, particularly those partnering with tech giants, emphasize proprietary typefaces optimized for digital platforms and the unique demands of the script. Sandoll Inc., established in 1984 as Korea's inaugural font foundry, has been instrumental in this space by developing custom fonts for major clients including and , focusing on innovations that streamline the composition of Hangul's 11,172 possible syllables from just 24 basic letters and vowels. These advancements allow for scalable, high-fidelity rendering in varied contexts, such as web and print, while maintaining aesthetic harmony in mixed Latin-Hangul layouts. Naver, a leading South Korean internet company, produces and licenses commercial Korean fonts through collaborations like those with Sandoll, offering custom series for embedding in mobile apps and organizational use. In 2024, Naver released the Nanum Human font, a humanist typeface designed for versatile application in titles and body text, with commercial options for modifications and volume licensing to support branded digital experiences. Key examples include the Yeol-il font, a sans-serif style cleared for personal and commercial purposes, highlighting Naver's role in providing accessible yet proprietary typography solutions. Samsung leverages foundry partnerships to create mobile-first fonts tailored for its ecosystem, prioritizing legibility on high-density displays amid Korea's widespread adoption. Sandoll developed Samsung's inaugural corporate-exclusive font in the , setting a precedent for device-optimized designs that enhance user interfaces across devices. Complementing these efforts, Samsung's Flipfont offerings in the provide licensed commercial fonts, including Korean variants, for customizable UI personalization. Innovations in AI-assisted tools further distinguish Korean foundries, with Sandoll introducing a ChatGPT-powered font finder in 2024 that identifies Korean typefaces from uploaded images or textual descriptions, streamlining selection for designers and developers. This tool exemplifies the integration of to address Hangul's complexity, enabling precise matches from vast commercial libraries without manual searching. In 2025, Sandoll continued expanding its AI capabilities, including tools for font and customization to meet growing demands in creation.

References

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  3. https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1009626/the-fonts-that-made-chinas-digital-revolution-possible
  4. https://elements.envato.com/learn/the-complete-beginners-guide-to-chinese-fonts
  5. https://keithtam.net/designing-with-the-hanzi-script/
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  15. https://github.com/notofonts/noto-cjk
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  18. https://ask.pingcap.com/t/pingcaps-tidb-is-among-the-first-to-pass-the-gb-18030-2022-mandatory-national-standard-for-information-technology-chinese-coded-character-set-supporting-chinese-information-processing-and-exchange-needs/3156
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  20. https://www.moedict.tw/fonts/truetype/cns11643/
  21. https://atypi.org/presentation/a-responsive-chinese-songti-typeface-for-multiple-use-occasions/
  22. https://moji.or.jp/IPAfont/
  23. https://packages.debian.org/bullseye/fonts/fonts-ipaexfont-mincho
  24. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/font-list/ms-mincho
  25. https://en.morisawa.co.jp/fonts/specimen/7205
  26. https://fonts.adobe.com/fonts/source-han-serif-korean
  27. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/font-list/batang
  28. https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Nanum%2BMyeongjo
  29. https://fonts.adobe.com/fonts/nanum-myeongjo
  30. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/fonts/windows_10_font_list
  31. https://fonts.adobe.com/fonts/adobe-myungjo
  32. https://www.nomfoundation.org/nom-tools/Nom-Font?uiLang=en
  33. https://www.nomfoundation.org/About-the-Foundation/Misions?uiLang=en
  34. https://github.com/nomfoundation/font
  35. https://fontinfo.opensuse.org/fonts/NomNaTongRegular.html
  36. https://blog.adobe.com/en/publish/2021/04/08/source-han-sans-goes-variable
  37. https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-han-sans/blob/release/SourceHanSansReadMe.pdf
  38. https://fonts.google.com/noto/specimen/Noto+Sans+CJK+SC
  39. https://github.com/huawei-fonts/HarmonyOS-Sans
  40. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/opentype/spec/os2
  41. https://googlefonts.github.io/gf-guide/metrics.html
  42. https://jdobr.es/pdf/Dobres-etal-2016-Displays.pdf
  43. https://www.monotype.com/resources/font-stories/a-digital-ready-chinese-sans-serif-is-born
  44. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/font-list/microsoft-yahei
  45. https://fontsinuse.com/typefaces/46753/pingfang
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  50. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/font-list/meiryo
  51. https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/IPA_Gothic_fonts
  52. https://packages.debian.org/sid/fonts-ipafont-gothic
  53. https://ctan.org/pkg/ipaex?lang=en
  54. https://www.akenotsuki.com/eyeben/fonts/kirigo-en.html
  55. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/font-list/dotum
  56. https://ccjktype.fonts.adobe.com/2013/05/gothic-myungjo-or-dotum-batang.html
  57. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/font-list/malgun-gothic
  58. https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Nanum+Gothic
  59. https://www.unicode.org/charts/
  60. https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U4E00.pdf
  61. https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17373-viet-alt-reading-marks.pdf
  62. https://fonts.google.com/noto/specimen/Noto+Sans
  63. https://ink-and-brush.com/regular-script-chinese-calligraphy/
  64. https://www.asianbrushpainter.com/blogs/kb/the-standard-script
  65. https://en.morisawa.co.jp/fonts/specimen/2467
  66. https://community.linuxmint.com/software/view/fonts-arphic-ukai
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  69. https://www.comuseum.com/calligraphy/masters/yan-zhenqing/
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  74. https://luc.devroye.org/fonts-27267.html
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  79. https://a-g-i.org/design/%25E5%25BC%2598%25E5%25BE%25B7%25E9%259A%25B6%25E4%25B9%25A6%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E6%2597%258F-hongde-lishu-family
  80. https://fontsinuse.com/typefaces/17274/hanyi-da-li-shu
  81. https://www.ma-g.org/contemporary-clients/hanyi-fonts/
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  91. https://github.com/jeffi369/JFZSKSealScript
  92. https://www.npm.gov.tw/Articles.aspx?sno=04011063&l=2
  93. https://www.inksmith.sg/inksmith-journal/the-art-of-chinese-calligraphy-tattoos-history-philosophy-amp-aesthetics
  94. https://atypi.org/presentation/the-development-and-dissemination-of-juzhen-fangsong-font/
  95. https://fonts.adobe.com/fonts/fang-zheng-fang-song
  96. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/typography/font-list/fangsong
  97. https://keithtam.net/category/typography/chinese-typography/
  98. https://fontsinuse.com/typefaces/46694/stfangsong
  99. https://support.apple.com/en-us/120414
  100. https://fonts.adobe.com/fonts/adobe-fangsong
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  129. https://designcompass.org/en/2024/11/05-1tp-3tea/nanumhuman/
  130. https://noonnu.cc/en/font_page/1649
  131. https://github.com/LineageOS/android_external_naver-fonts
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  137. https://luc.devroye.org/fonts-45409.html
  138. https://www.oneclub.org/awards/tdcawards/-award/41845/fz-qianlongxingshu/
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  140. https://www.foodtalks.cn/en/news/54228
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  143. https://www.hanyi.com.cn/en/license
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  150. https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/610216
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  152. https://www.myfonts.com/pages/fontshop-the-japanese-foundry-scene/
  153. https://fonts.adobe.com/foundries/morisawa
  154. https://spectrumtokyo.com/interviews/why-so-many-fonts-morisawa-on-how-typefaces-connect-with-people/
  155. https://en.morisawa.co.jp/
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  157. https://www.behance.net/gallery/137589097/UD-SHIN-GO-CJK-Font-Family?locale=en_US
  158. https://blog.typekit.com/2017/07/26/morisawa-adds-10-more-typebank-fonts-to-typekit/
  159. https://help.ricohsoftware.com/swinfocenter/ricoh-infoprint-font-collection/en-us/Font_project.ditamap/%24/rpps_dbcs
  160. https://industry.ricoh.com/en/font/true_type_font/
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  162. https://help.ricohsoftware.com/swinfocenter/ricoh-infoprint-font-collection/en-us/Font_project.ditamap/%24/rpps_dbcs_simulation
  163. https://industry.ricoh.com/en/font/general_knowledge/
  164. https://en.sandoll.co.kr/about
  165. https://fonts.adobe.com/foundries/naver
  166. https://noonnu.cc/en/font_page/550
  167. https://galaxystore.samsung.com/detail/com.monotype.android.font.naverygoodk?langCd=ee
  168. https://designcompass.org/en/2024/03/18/korean-font-finder/
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