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Mahalalel (Hebrew: מַהֲלַלְאֵל, romanized: Mahălalʾēl, Ancient Greek: Μαλελεήλ, Maleleḗl) is an Antediluvian patriarch named in the Hebrew Bible. He is mentioned in the Sethite genealogy as the grandfather of Enoch and subsequently the ancestor of Noah.

Key Information

Etymology

[edit]

The meaning of the name could be translated as "the shining one of El."[1] The King James Version spells his name Mahalaleel[2] in the Old Testament and Maleleel[3] in the New Testament.

Biblical narrative

[edit]

Mahalalel was born when his father Kenan (Adam's great-grandson through Seth) was 70 years old. He was one of many children of Kenan. (Genesis 5:12-13; 1 Chronicles 1:2; Jubilees 4:14 Luke 3:37).

When he was aged 54-60, Mahalalel married Dinah, the daughter of his paternal uncle Barakiel. At the age of 65, he fathered Jared (when the Watchers "descended on the earth" as per Jubilees 4:15). He fathered many other children after that point (Genesis 5:15-16).

At the age of 227, he became a grandfather to Jared's son Enoch (Genesis 5:18), who was born through Baraka, the daughter of Mahalalel's brother Râsûjâl (Jubilees 4:16).

Sometime before he turned 292, Mahalalel explained to Enoch the first of the two dream visions the latter had, as recounted through the perspective of Enoch:

I had laid me down in the house of my grandfather Mahalalel, (when) I saw in a vision how the heaven collapsed and was borne off and fell to the earth. And when it fell to the earth I saw how the earth was swallowed up in a great abyss, and mountains were suspended on mountains, and hills sank down on hills, and high trees were rent from their stems, and hurled down and sunk in the abyss. And thereupon a word fell into my mouth, and I lifted up (my voice) to cry aloud, and said: 'The earth is destroyed.' And my grandfather Mahalalel waked me as I lay near him, and said unto me: Why dost thou cry so, my son, and why dost thou make such lamentation? And I recounted to him the whole vision which I had seen, and he said unto me: A terrible thing hast thou seen, my son, and of grave moment is thy dream-vision as to the secrets of all the sin of the earth: it must sink into the abyss and be destroyed with a great destruction. And now, my son, arise and make petition to the Lord of glory, since thou art a believer, that a remnant may remain on the earth, and that He may not destroy the whole earth. My son, from heaven all this will come upon the earth, and upon the earth there will be great destruction. After that I arose and prayed and implored and besought, and wrote down my prayer for the generations of the world...

— 1 Enoch 83: 3-10, [4]

Roughly 300 years after this incident, Enoch was "taken up" by God (Genesis 5:23-24). At this point, Mahalalel was 592 years old.

When Mahalalel was 840, his 910-year-old father Kenan died (Genesis 5:14).

After Kenan's death, Mahalalel lived 55 more years and died at 895 (Genesis 5:17), placing him eighth in the records for the unusually long lifespans for the antediluvian patriarchs. At the time of Mahalalel's death, Noah was 234 as per the Masoretic chronology.

Genealogy

[edit]
Adam[a]Eve[a]
Cain[a]Abel[b]Seth[c]
Enoch[d]Enos[e]
Irad[f]Kenan[g]
Mehujael[f]Mahalalel[h]
Methushael[f]Jared[i]
Adah[j]Lamech[f]Zillah[j]Enoch[k]
Jabal[l]Jubal[m]Tubal-Cain[n]Naamah[n]Methuselah[o]
Lamech[p]
Noah[q]
Shem[r]Ham[r]Japheth[r]
  1. ^ a b c Genesis 4:1
  2. ^ Genesis 4:2
  3. ^ Genesis 4:25; 5:3
  4. ^ Genesis 4:17
  5. ^ Genesis 4:26; 5:6–7
  6. ^ a b c d Genesis 4:18
  7. ^ Genesis 5:9–10
  8. ^ Genesis 5:12–13
  9. ^ Genesis 5:15–16
  10. ^ a b Genesis 4:19
  11. ^ Genesis 5:18–19
  12. ^ Genesis 4:20
  13. ^ Genesis 4:21
  14. ^ a b Genesis 4:22
  15. ^ Genesis 5:21–22
  16. ^ Genesis 5:25–26
  17. ^ Genesis 5:28–30
  18. ^ a b c Genesis 5:32

In Islam

[edit]

Mahalalel is mentioned in the various collections of tales of the prophets, which mentions him in an identical manner. Islamic scholar Tabari tells that his story was also found in Persian literature and likens him with the Pishdadian king Hushang.

Allusions

[edit]

Latter Day Saint usage

[edit]

In the original 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants, Mahalaleel was used as a code name for Algernon Sidney Gilbert.

Literature

[edit]

Thomas Hardy, in his novel, The Return of the Native (1878), references Mahalaleel as one who betokened an advanced lifetime: "The number of their years may have adequately summed up Jared, Mahalaleel, and the rest of the antediluvians, but the age of a modern man is to be measured by the intensity of his history."[5]

The pet cat that comes to the manor in the storm in Joyce Carol Oates's novel Bellefleur (1980) is named Mahalaleel.

Films

[edit]

Mahalalel is named as part of the Generations of Adam by the narrator of the film Genesis: The Creation and the Flood (1994).

In the film Noah (2014), Lamech (played by Marton Csokas) remembers Mahalalel and other ancestors before conferring the Sethite birthright to the young Noah (Dakota Goyo).

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Mahalalel

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Mahalalel (Hebrew: מַהֲלַלְאֵל, romanized: Mahălalʾēl; meaning "Praise of God") was an patriarch in the , appearing in the genealogy tracing the line of from to in the . As the son of and father of , he was the fifth generation in this lineage from , and is noted for his exceptionally long lifespan of 895 years. His name derives from the mahalal (praise or shining) and ʾel (God), reflecting themes of divine praise common in ancient Semitic nomenclature. In the biblical account, Mahalalel fathered at the age of 65 and subsequently lived another 830 years, during which he had other sons and daughters not named in the text. He is positioned as the grandfather of , the great-grandfather of , and the great-great-grandfather of , linking him directly to the narrative of the . Beyond these genealogical details, no specific deeds or events are attributed to Mahalalel in the canonical scriptures, emphasizing his role within the broader framework of pre-Flood humanity's longevity and piety in the Sethite line.

Biblical Account

Genealogy and Lineage

Mahalalel is the fifth generation from in the Sethite genealogy outlined in the , serving as a key link in the antediluvian lineage leading to . He is identified as the son of (also spelled ) and the father of , which places him as the great-grandfather of and the great-great-grandfather of . This generational structure underscores his role in preserving the direct descent from through , distinct from the parallel line originating with . The primary account of Mahalalel's position appears in Genesis 5:12-17, which chronicles the births and descendants within this patriarchal chain, with a concise parallel in 1 Chronicles 1:2 as part of the broader genealogical summary from to . Additionally, Mahalalel is referenced in the as an ancestor in the genealogy tracing back to , specifically in Luke 3:37, where he is listed between and . As a figure in the lineage descending from , Mahalalel belongs to what biblical tradition regards as the "godly" line, characterized by faithfulness to the worship of in contrast to the developments in Cain's . Chronologically, based on the ages provided in Genesis 5, Mahalalel was born approximately 395 years after .

Lifespan and Family

According to the account in Genesis 5:15–17, Mahalalel fathered his son at the age of 65 and subsequently lived for 830 more years, attaining a total lifespan of 895 years before his death. Mahalalel's father was Kenan, as stated in Genesis 5:12, while his wife remains unnamed in the biblical text; beyond Jared, he had other sons and daughters, though their number is not specified. This lifespan follows the recurring formulaic structure in Genesis 5, where each pre-flood patriarch is described as begetting a named son, living additional centuries, fathering further offspring, and then dying, with the extended ages underscoring a motif of divine favor in that era. Mahalalel died before the Flood, in the Anno Mundi year 1290 according to the Masoretic chronology, which places his death 234 years after Noah's birth in 1056 AM and 366 years prior to the Flood in 1656 AM.

Name and Etymology

Hebrew Origins

The name Mahalalel is rendered in Hebrew as מַהֲלַלְאֵל (Mahalal'el), with a pronunciation approximating "mah-hah-lahl-ale" in modern systems. This form is cataloged under entry H4111, which identifies it as a denoting an . Etymologically, Mahalalel derives from two primary components: the root מָהֲלָל (mahalal, Strong's H4110), signifying "" or "shining/blessed," which stems from the verb הָלַל (halal, Strong's H1984), meaning "to " or "to shine" in the sense of emitting or glory; and the element אֵל (el, Strong's H410), a common Semitic term for "" or "divine power." The compound structure thus linguistically conveys a notion aligned with " of ," though the precise philological emphasis on "shining" reflects ancient Hebrew associations of with radiant . In the Hebrew Bible, the name Mahalalel appears exclusively within genealogical lists, without any associated narrative actions or events: it is mentioned in Genesis 5:12-17 as the son of Cainan and father of Jared in the lineage from Seth to Noah, in 1 Chronicles 1:2 as part of the same ancestral line, and in Nehemiah 11:4, where it names an ancestor in the lineage of Judah's descendants who settled in Jerusalem after the exile; in the New Testament's Luke 3:37, it appears in the genealogy of Jesus. Transliteration variants include Maleleel (Μαλελεήλ) in the Greek translation of Genesis and in :37, reflecting phonetic adaptations to . Older English renderings, such as Mahaleel, appear in some pre-King James versions and variant texts, simplifying the doubled consonants for readability.

Interpretations Across Traditions

The name Mahalalel is primarily interpreted as "Praise of God" or "God is Praise," reflecting a direct of divine , though alternative renderings include "The Blessed God" or "Shining of God," emphasizing God's luminous or exalted nature. In Jewish tradition, midrashic sources connect the name to themes of and , portraying Mahalalel as the first in his lineage to repent and recite praise to the Holy One, thereby symbolizing humanity's turn toward divine commendation. Christian often views the name as the of in , highlighting how it underscores God's blessedness amid human frailty in the . Modern etymological analyses reinforce this by stressing "blessed praise," interpreting the name as an affirmation of God's praiseworthy sovereignty and a call to exaltation in theological discourse. Symbolically, Mahalalel's name contributes to interpretive readings of the Genesis 5 genealogy as a proto-gospel , where, combined with preceding and following names, it forms a narrative of divine intervention: from sorrow and mortality, the "Blessed " descends to bring teaching and rest through death. This layered symbolism, popularized in evangelical scholarship, positions the name within a broader redemptive arc encoded in the patriarchal lineage. In cultural adaptations, the name has influenced naming practices to express and devotion, as seen in ancient Near Eastern conventions where theophoric elements like "El" invoke divine favor; though rare in contemporary usage, it persists in religious literature and devotional contexts to evoke themes of and .

Apocryphal References

In the Book of Enoch

In the pseudepigraphal text known as 1 Enoch, Mahalalel appears as the father of Jared and the grandfather of Enoch, consistent with the antediluvian genealogy. He serves as a host and advisor to Enoch during key visionary experiences, particularly in the opening of the Dream Visions section. A pivotal event unfolds in 1 Enoch 83, where Enoch recounts his first vision to Mahalalel. While staying in Mahalalel's house before his marriage, Enoch falls asleep and beholds a terrifying dream: the heavens collapse, the earth is swallowed into an abyss, and mountains sink amid great destruction, symbolizing the impending Flood as judgment on human sin. Awakened by his cries, Mahalalel inquires about the vision; Enoch describes it in detail, prompting Mahalalel to interpret it as a grave divine warning of the world's corruption and the need for repentance. In response, Mahalalel urges Enoch to pray and offer praise to Yahweh, the Lord of majesty, seeking mercy for a righteous remnant amid the coming cataclysm. This narrative occurs within the Dream Visions section (1 Enoch 83–90), which features apocalyptic revelations including symbolic histories and eschatological themes, portraying Mahalalel as a wise and pious patriarchal figure who guides the young in spiritual matters. The , a composite Jewish work, dates primarily to the BCE, with the Dream Visions likely composed around 164–160 BCE during the Maccabean period. As a foundational apocalyptic text, it has profoundly shaped subsequent Christian writings, such as allusions in the , and holds canonical status in the Ethiopian Orthodox , where it continues to inform theological and liturgical practices.

In Other Extrabiblical Texts

In the , Mahalalel appears in a genealogy closely paralleling that of Genesis, where he is the son of and father of , with his lifespan given as 895 years in alignment with the biblical account. The text elaborates that Mahalalel married , the daughter of his uncle Barakiel, during the second week of the tenth (approximately 449–455 A.M.), and she bore him in the third week of that same , around 461 A.M. In Islamic traditions, Mahalalel (often rendered as Mahlālīl or a similar variant) is included in the antediluvian prophetic genealogy from to , as found in collections such as Qiṣaṣ al-Anbiyāʾ, where he serves as the link between and . Some accounts, such as in al-Masʿūdī's Akhbār, include minor narratives linking him to warnings about his grandson Idrīs () by Iblīs to a , though without major expansions. Mahalalel receives only a brief mention in Flavius ' Antiquities of the Jews (Book 1, Chapter 3), where he is listed among the patriarchs with his lifespan of 895 years and role as father of (noting Josephus records the begetting age as 165 years, differing from Genesis), serving primarily to recount the pre-flood lineage without further commentary. Similarly, fragments of Genesis 5 in the Dead Sea Scrolls preserve the standard biblical details of Mahalalel's life, including his 65 years at Jared's birth and total lifespan of 895 years, but offer no additional interpretations or expansions. Scholars note that these extrabiblical references consistently reinforce Mahalalel's position in the Sethite lineage without introducing alterations to his core portrayal as a long-lived in the lead-up to the .

Religious Significance

In Judaism

In Jewish tradition, Mahalalel occupies a place within the righteous lineage descending from , as outlined in the genealogy of Genesis 5, which traces the pious ancestors leading to . Rabbinic sources, including , emphasize this Sethite line as the faithful remnant who upheld devotion to amid increasing moral decline in the pre-Flood world, contrasting with the corrupt descendants of Cain. The exceptional lifespan of Mahalalel, recorded as 895 years, is interpreted in midrashic literature as emblematic of divine favor and protection extended to the righteous generations before the deluge, reflecting their merit and the era's closer proximity to creation. This longevity underscores themes of blessing for , with rabbinic commentators noting a gradual decline in human ages post-Flood as a consequence of widespread sin. Mahalalel does not feature prominently in Jewish liturgy, prayers, or holiday observances, lacking dedicated rituals or commemorations. However, he appears in the context of on Genesis 5, particularly during parashat Bereshit, where his role exemplifies ancestral merit (zera' avot) and the continuity of ethical inheritance from the patriarchs. Scholars distinguish the biblical Mahalalel from Rabbi Akabia ben Mahalalel, a prominent Tannaitic sage of the first or second century CE whose name similarity is coincidental and unrelated by descent; the rabbi is renowned for his unwavering halakhic positions, as detailed in Eduyot 5:6, where he prioritized truth over communal leadership. Contemporary Jewish scholarship regards Mahalalel as an of steadfast rooted in , symbolizing the potential for extended, purposeful through divine alignment in primordial narratives. His name, deriving from meaning "praise of ," appears infrequently in Ashkenazi or Sephardic naming customs, which favor more prevalent biblical figures like Abraham or , though it evokes themes of worship central to .

In Christianity

In , Mahalalel appears in the genealogy of Jesus in Luke 3:37, listed as the son of and father of in the lineage tracing back through to . This placement underscores the full humanity of Christ, connecting him to the broader human family rather than solely to the royal line of as in Matthew's genealogy. Early , such as Augustine in (Book XV, Chapter 12), reference Mahalalel within the antediluvian genealogy of Seth's line, portraying these patriarchs as exemplars of preserved amid pre-Flood corruption. Augustine affirms the literal of these figures, including Mahalalel's reported 895 years, as historical fact using solar years, viewing such extended lives as evidence of God's initial benevolence toward humanity. This interpretation sees their endurance as prefiguring the eternal life promised through Christ, contrasting the brevity of post-Flood spans with the of the heavenly . Theologically, Mahalalel symbolizes the unbroken continuity of the righteous line from to the , emphasizing 's faithfulness in sustaining a godly remnant through generations. In Protestant , while not named explicitly, figures like Mahalalel in Seth's lineage contribute indirectly to the "hall of faith" in by representing the faithful obedience of early humanity that pleased , as seen in the commendation of Abel, , and . In Orthodox and Evangelical traditions, Mahalalel's lifespan enters discussions within debates, where literal interpretations of Genesis 5 ages support young-earth views, positing pre-Flood environmental conditions allowed such longevity as a marker of original vitality. Orthodox sources, while less focused on scientific , affirm these patriarchs' ages as typological of divine order, cautioning against reducing them to mere evolutionary counters.

In Islam

Mahalalel, known in Arabic as Mahlayl or Mahlāʾīl, does not appear by name in the Quran but is included in the pre-flood prophetic lineage from Adam to Noah as detailed in classical Islamic historical and exegetical works. In these genealogies, he is positioned as the son of Qaynan (Kenan) and the father of Yārid (Jared), bridging the generations between the early descendants of Seth and the era leading to Enoch. This lineage underscores the transmission of monotheistic faith from Adam through Seth's progeny, emphasizing continuity in divine guidance amid human history. Islamic narratives, such as those in al-Ṭabarī's Taʾrīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk (History of the Prophets and Kings), report Mahalalel's lifespan as 895 years, aligning closely with the biblical tradition and reflecting the longevity attributed to figures. Collections of qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ (stories of the prophets), including works by al-Kisāʾī and al-Thaʿlabī, incorporate him into this chain without assigning him prophetic status, portraying him instead as a righteous in the line of faithful forebears. His significance in Islamic tradition lies primarily in exemplifying the preservation of tawḥīd () among Adam's descendants before the , serving as a link in the sacred that culminates in Noah's prophethood. Etymological interpretations of his name, deriving from roots meaning "praise" or "blessing" of , occasionally inspire brief hagiographic notes in some qiṣaṣ texts suggesting he was devoted to praising , though such legends remain marginal and non-canonical. Scholars of Islamic tradition generally regard Mahalalel through the lens of shared Abrahamic sources, adopting the framework without introducing distinct theological attributes or unique roles specific to .

Cultural Depictions

In Literature and Art

Mahalalel appears infrequently in literary works, typically as part of the tracing the line from to , emphasizing his role as a patriarchal figure in pre- narratives. In John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost (1667), Mahalalel is included in the biblical lineage recited by the archangel Michael to in Book XI, underscoring the continuity of the righteous line amid humanity's moral decline before the . This mention serves to highlight themes of and the persistence of faith through generations. In modern biblical fiction, Mahalalel is occasionally portrayed as a wise elder guiding his descendants in an of growing wickedness. For instance, in H. B. Moore's Daughters of Jared (2012), part of the Women of the Covenant series, he is depicted as the patriarchal father of , offering counsel on righteousness and family legacy within the world. Depictions of Mahalalel in visual art are rare, reflecting his minor role beyond scriptural lists. Symbolically, Mahalalel's name, derived from meaning "praise of ," has been invoked in and hymnals to evoke themes of primordial and divine . This etymological appears in devotional verse, where his figure represents early humanity's innate call to laud the Creator, as explored in contemporary reflections on Genesis names.

In Film and Media

Mahalalel appears sparingly in adaptations of biblical stories, typically as a named figure in the rather than a central character. In Darren Aronofsky's 2014 Noah, the patriarch Lamech recites the lineage from during a , explicitly including "Kenan to Mahalalel to my father, ," emphasizing the continuity of the righteous line leading to . The 1994 Italian film Genesis: The Creation and the Flood, directed by , features Mahalalel in its narrated recounting of the early Genesis chapters. As the storyteller recounts the generations from to around a desert campfire, the script states, "Mahalalel fathered ," integrating him into the visual and oral depiction of humanity's pre-flood history. In animated media, Mahalalel is referenced in educational series that cover the . For instance, The Animated Bible Series (2020–present), produced by , illustrates the creation and early patriarchs in graphic-novel style, including the Sethite genealogy where Mahalalel is positioned as 's father and Enoch's grandfather. Documentaries on ancient history and biblical timelines occasionally highlight Mahalalel when exploring the antediluvian patriarchs' longevity. In episodes of History Channel's The Bible miniseries (2013), the pre-flood era is dramatized with voiceover references to the extended lifespans in Genesis 5, implicitly encompassing figures like Mahalalel in discussions of the era's moral and chronological framework. In interactive , Mahalalel features in video games and apps focused on biblical narratives. The Christian trading card game Redemption includes a hero card for "Mahalalel the Interpreter," depicting him as a protector of lost souls with abilities tied to his biblical role as a godly ancestor. Similarly, genealogy-tracing apps like visualize Mahalalel within interactive charts of Adam's descendants, allowing users to explore his place in the line to . Recent online media in the 2020s has seen a rise in retellings of Genesis stories, portraying Mahalalel as a pious, long-lived symbolizing of amid early .

In Latter-day Saint Tradition

In the Pearl of Great Price, Mahalaleel (also spelled Mahalalel) appears in the expanded genealogy of the , part of the Translation of the Bible, which traces the righteous lineage from to with a focus on priesthood authority and preaching repentance. According to 6:19, lived seventy years and begat Mahalaleel, then lived 840 more years and begat sons and daughters; Mahalaleel lived sixty-five years and begat (Moses 6:20), then lived 830 more years and begat additional sons and daughters, reaching a total lifespan of 895 years. This account portrays the patriarchs, including Mahalaleel, as "preachers of righteousness" who prophesied and called upon all to repent, maintaining a "book of remembrance" of God's dealings ( 6:22–23, 45–46). The further details Mahalaleel's role in the priesthood lineage, stating he was ordained a by at age 496 years and seven days (D&C 107:46). Three years before 's death, Mahalaleel joined , Enos, , , , and at for a grand council where blessed his posterity and prophesied of the future, emphasizing the patriarchal order's continuity (D&C 107:53–56). These revelations, received through , illustrate antediluvian prophets like Mahalaleel as key figures in preserving principles amid pre-Flood . Within Latter-day Saint temple practices, Mahalaleel is eligible for vicarious ordinances such as , enabling the blessings of the gospel to reach righteous ancestors who lived before Christ's ministry. Church records confirm his was performed on January 14, 1877, in the Endowment House, , along with other saving ordinances completed in subsequent temples. As a in the patriarchal order, he exemplifies pre-Flood , representing fidelity to in an era of widespread wickedness as described in the (Moses 6:15, 28). Joseph Smith's teachings, through the Joseph Smith Translation and modern revelations, underscore Mahalaleel's place among antediluvian prophets who received divine communications and held priesthood keys, contrasting with the broader biblical genealogy by adding doctrinal depth on their prophetic ministries (Moses 6:23; D&C 107:40–42). In contemporary usage, the name Mahalaleel has been bestowed upon Latter-day Saint members, including Maleliel or Mahalaleel (1887–1978), born in and baptized into the Church. It is also referenced in General Conference talks on and priesthood, such as Elder Mark E. Petersen's 1972 address "Keep the Commandments," which describes the assembly including Mahalaleel to illustrate obedience's eternal rewards.

References

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  47. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/pgp/moses/6?lang=eng
  48. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/107?lang=eng
  49. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LDLP-STN/patriarch-mahalalel-ben-cainan-ben-enos-3605%2BBC-2710%2BBC
  50. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-topics/baptisms-for-the-dead?lang=eng
  51. https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/MCZ4-1RB/jared-maleliel-or-mahalaleel-thomas-1887-1978
  52. https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/general-conference/1972/10/keep-the-commandments?lang=eng
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