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Nikos Kazantzakis
Nikos Kazantzakis (/kæzænˈzækɪs/; Greek: Νίκος Καζαντζάκης [ˈnikos kazanˈd͡zakis]; 2 March [OS 18 February] 1883 – 26 October 1957) was a Greek writer, journalist, politician, poet and philosopher. Widely considered a giant of modern Greek literature, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in nine different years, and remains the most translated Greek author worldwide.
Kazantzakis's novels include Zorba the Greek (published in 1946 as Life and Times of Alexis Zorbas), Christ Recrucified (1948), Captain Michalis (1950, translated as Freedom or Death), and The Last Temptation of Christ (1955). He also wrote plays, travel books, memoirs, and philosophical essays, such as The Saviors of God: Spiritual Exercises. His fame spread in the English-speaking world due to cinematic adaptations of Zorba the Greek (1964) and The Last Temptation of Christ (1988).
He also translated a number of notable works into Modern Greek, such as the Divine Comedy, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, On the Origin of Species, and Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Nikos Kazantzakis was born in the town of Kandiye (now Heraklion) in Crete, with origins from the village of Myrtia. Crete had not yet joined the modern Greek state (which had been established in 1832), and was still under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. Based on family records, Kazantzakis was born on 18 February 1883 (OS), in contrast to the census of Heraklion which listed his birthyear as 1881; this discrepancy was settled by Kazantzakis himself in one of his epistles.
From 1902 to 1906 Kazantzakis studied law at the University of Athens; his 1906 Juris Doctor thesis was titled Ο Φρειδερίκος Νίτσε εν τη φιλοσοφία του δικαίου και της πολιτείας ("Friedrich Nietzsche on the Philosophy of Right and the State"). At that point, also an initiated freemason, he went to the Sorbonne in 1907 to study philosophy and fell under the spell of Henri Bergson. In 1909 he graduated with a reworked doctoral dissertation: Friedrich Nietzsche dans la philosophie du droit et de la cité.
Upon his return to Greece, Kazantzakis began translating philosophical works. In 1914 he met the writer Angelos Sikelianos. Together they travelled for two years through places where Greek Orthodox Christian culture flourished, largely due to the enthusiastic nationalism of Sikelianos.
Nikos Kazantzakis married Galateia Alexiou in 1911. The two divorced in 1926, two years after Kazantzakis had met Eleni Samiou (Helen), whom he would later marry. Samiou helped Kazantzakis with his work, typing drafts, accompanying him on his travels, and managing his business affairs. They remained married until Nikos' death in 1957. Samiou died in 2004.
Between 1922 and his death in 1957, he sojourned in Paris and Berlin (from 1922 to 1924), Italy, Russia (in 1925), Spain (in 1932), and then later in Cyprus, Aegina, Egypt, Mount Sinai, Czechoslovakia, Nice (he later bought a villa in nearby Antibes, in the Old Town section near the famed seawall), China, and Japan.
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Nikos Kazantzakis
Nikos Kazantzakis (/kæzænˈzækɪs/; Greek: Νίκος Καζαντζάκης [ˈnikos kazanˈd͡zakis]; 2 March [OS 18 February] 1883 – 26 October 1957) was a Greek writer, journalist, politician, poet and philosopher. Widely considered a giant of modern Greek literature, he was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in nine different years, and remains the most translated Greek author worldwide.
Kazantzakis's novels include Zorba the Greek (published in 1946 as Life and Times of Alexis Zorbas), Christ Recrucified (1948), Captain Michalis (1950, translated as Freedom or Death), and The Last Temptation of Christ (1955). He also wrote plays, travel books, memoirs, and philosophical essays, such as The Saviors of God: Spiritual Exercises. His fame spread in the English-speaking world due to cinematic adaptations of Zorba the Greek (1964) and The Last Temptation of Christ (1988).
He also translated a number of notable works into Modern Greek, such as the Divine Comedy, Thus Spoke Zarathustra, On the Origin of Species, and Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Nikos Kazantzakis was born in the town of Kandiye (now Heraklion) in Crete, with origins from the village of Myrtia. Crete had not yet joined the modern Greek state (which had been established in 1832), and was still under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. Based on family records, Kazantzakis was born on 18 February 1883 (OS), in contrast to the census of Heraklion which listed his birthyear as 1881; this discrepancy was settled by Kazantzakis himself in one of his epistles.
From 1902 to 1906 Kazantzakis studied law at the University of Athens; his 1906 Juris Doctor thesis was titled Ο Φρειδερίκος Νίτσε εν τη φιλοσοφία του δικαίου και της πολιτείας ("Friedrich Nietzsche on the Philosophy of Right and the State"). At that point, also an initiated freemason, he went to the Sorbonne in 1907 to study philosophy and fell under the spell of Henri Bergson. In 1909 he graduated with a reworked doctoral dissertation: Friedrich Nietzsche dans la philosophie du droit et de la cité.
Upon his return to Greece, Kazantzakis began translating philosophical works. In 1914 he met the writer Angelos Sikelianos. Together they travelled for two years through places where Greek Orthodox Christian culture flourished, largely due to the enthusiastic nationalism of Sikelianos.
Nikos Kazantzakis married Galateia Alexiou in 1911. The two divorced in 1926, two years after Kazantzakis had met Eleni Samiou (Helen), whom he would later marry. Samiou helped Kazantzakis with his work, typing drafts, accompanying him on his travels, and managing his business affairs. They remained married until Nikos' death in 1957. Samiou died in 2004.
Between 1922 and his death in 1957, he sojourned in Paris and Berlin (from 1922 to 1924), Italy, Russia (in 1925), Spain (in 1932), and then later in Cyprus, Aegina, Egypt, Mount Sinai, Czechoslovakia, Nice (he later bought a villa in nearby Antibes, in the Old Town section near the famed seawall), China, and Japan.
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