Hubbry Logo
Ottawa CitizenOttawa CitizenMain
Open search
Ottawa Citizen
Community hub
Ottawa Citizen
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Contribute something
Ottawa Citizen
Ottawa Citizen
Ottawa Citizen
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

The Ottawa Citizen is an English-language daily newspaper owned by Postmedia Network in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.[5]

Key Information

History

[edit]

Established as the Bytown Packet in 1845 by William Harris, it was renamed the Citizen in 1851.[6] The newspaper's original motto, which has recently been returned to the editorial page, was Fair Play and Day-Light.[7]

The paper has been through a number of owners. In 1846, Harris sold the paper to John Gordon Bell and Henry J. Friel.[8] Robert Bell bought the paper in 1849, and sold it to I.B. Taylor in 1861.[9] In 1877, Charles Herbert Mackintosh became the principal owner, and he later sold it to Robert and Lewis Shannon.[10]

In 1897, the Citizen became one of several papers owned by the Southam family.[11] It remained under Southam until the chain was purchased by Conrad Black's Hollinger Inc. in 1996.[7] In 2000, the chain was sold to Canwest Global, which was taken over by Postmedia Network in 2010.[12][13]

The editorial view of the Citizen has varied with its ownership, taking a reform position under Friel,[8] and a conservative position (supporting John A. Macdonald) under Mackintosh.[10] When the Liberals defeated the Tory government in 1896, the owners of the Citizen decided to sell to Southam, rather than face an expected cut in government revenue.[11] In 2002, the Citizen's publisher, Russell Mills, was dismissed following the publication of a story critical of Prime Minister Jean Chrétien and an editorial calling for Chrétien's resignation.[14]

The Citizen published its last Sunday edition on July 15, 2012. This move meant 20 fewer newsroom jobs, and was part of a series of changes made by Postmedia.[15] The Citizen stopped producing a print edition on Mondays as of 17 October 2022, due to the costs of printing and delivery, but it continued to publish a digital Monday edition.[2]

Former logo

The pre-2014 logo depicted the top of the Peace Tower of Canada's Parliament Buildings in Ottawa. In 2014, the newspaper adopted a new logo showing the paper's name over an outline of the Peace Tower roof on a green background. [citation needed]

Circulation

[edit]

The Ottawa Citizen's circulation in 2009 was 123,856 copies daily. Its circulation dropped by 26 percent to 91,796 in 2015.[16]

In Spring 2022, the Ottawa Citizen's unduplicated print and digital average weekday audience was 231,000, and its unduplicated average weekly audience was 490,000.[4]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Ottawa Citizen

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Ottawa Citizen is an English-language daily newspaper published in , , , serving as a primary source of local, national, and international news with a focus on and affairs due to the city's status as the national capital. Founded in 1845 as the Bytown Packet by William Harris in the then-settlement of , it was renamed the Ottawa Citizen in 1851 shortly after the area became the City of Ottawa, establishing it as one of 's oldest continuously operating newspapers. Historically owned by regional publishers before being acquired by Southam Newspapers in the early 20th century and later Hollinger Inc., the Citizen transitioned to ownership in 2010 following the bankruptcy of CanWest Global Communications, reflecting broader industry consolidation amid declining print revenues. Like many legacy newspapers, it has faced significant circulation drops—exceeding 25% in recent years—driven by digital shifts and advertising losses, yet it sustains operations through a mix of print and online platforms. The publication has played a pivotal role in chronicling Ottawa's evolution from a town to a modern capital, with notable contributions to investigative reporting on federal and scandals, though its editorial stance has drawn scrutiny for aligning with establishment views prevalent in Canadian media institutions.

History

Founding and Early Years (1845–1900)

The Bytown Packet was founded on January 2, 1845, by William Harris as a in (now ), emphasizing local news, commercial advertisements, and advocacy for community infrastructure amid the settlement's reliance on the timber trade and commerce. Harris, a printer and reform advocate, positioned the paper as a voice for regional progress in a outpost characterized by milling and seasonal log drives, which drove early population growth from around 7,000 residents in the mid-1840s. The publication's content reflected Bytown's economic vulnerabilities, including timber export fluctuations tied to British demand, while promoting local governance reforms to stabilize the volatile lumber-dependent economy. Ownership changed hands soon after inception; Harris sold to John Gordon Bell in 1846, and by 1849, Robert Bell—a , publisher, and moderate Reformer—gained full control, renaming the paper the Ottawa Citizen in February 1851 to align with aspirations for municipal elevation beyond its rough lumber-town reputation. This rebranding preceded Bytown's formal incorporation as the City of Ottawa on January 1, 1855, which the paper covered extensively, advocating for urban improvements like better roads and to support expanding government administration and timber processing. Under Bell's editorship, the Citizen shifted toward bi-weekly by 1859 and achieved daily status in 1870, mirroring circulation gains linked to Ottawa's population doubling to over 10,000 by 1861, fueled by federal pre-Confederation activities and sustained lumber exports. The paper played a pivotal role in local politics during this era, reporting on provincial assemblies in the united and endorsing moderate reforms for economic stability, such as tariffs protecting the Valley's timber interests against U.S. competition. It chronicled events like the 1857 selection of as the potential national capital by , emphasizing the site's strategic defensibility and administrative potential over partisan lines, while critiquing factional strife in a community divided by Anglo-Irish lumber workers and francophone influences. Bell's own political involvement, including his election as 's first mayor in 1857, infused the Citizen with advocacy for pragmatic governance, though its reformist tone occasionally clashed with establishment views in the lead-up to in 1867. By 1900, the newspaper had solidified as a community anchor, with readership expansion tied directly to 's transition from lumber outpost to burgeoning capital hub.

Expansion and 20th-Century Growth (1900–1980)

In the early 1900s, the , under the ownership of William Southam since its acquisition in for $9,000 plus assumption of debts, invested in infrastructure to support growing operations. In 1903, the newspaper constructed a dedicated building for its publication activities, the first of its kind in , which facilitated expanded production amid rising demand from the capital's political and administrative hub. This period also saw the integration of modern printing technologies, building on a press upgrade capable of 10,000 copies per hour that had already boosted early circulation to over 2,000 morning and 3,700 evening editions within months. The First and Second World Wars marked pivotal eras for the Citizen's influence, with detailed reporting on Canadian troop deployments, battles, and homefront efforts shaping public discourse on national involvement. As a Conservative-leaning publication, it aligned with Allied objectives, highlighting sacrifices and strategic imperatives while critiquing policy shortcomings, such as in its advocacy for robust to inform wartime publics. Editor Charles A. Bowman, who joined the staff around 1913 and led as for much of his 33-year tenure until February 1946, prioritized scrutiny of government actions, including early pushes for accountability in public institutions modeled after British systems like the . His editorial direction emphasized investigative pieces on federal matters, leveraging the paper's location to access primary sources and influence policy debates. Southam family stewardship from the 1900s onward drove steady maturation, with circulation climbing to 52,710 daily by May 1946 before a labor strike temporarily reduced it, reflecting gains from economic recoveries and the paper's role as Ottawa's primary English-language voice proximate to . booms further amplified reach, as and federal expansion sustained demand for coverage of national issues, positioning the Citizen as a key regional authority without rival until the Ottawa Journal's 1980 closure added 30,000 subscribers overnight. Staff and operational scaling supported this trajectory, though specific figures remain sparse in records, underscoring the paper's adaptation to 20th-century demands through consistent, fact-driven on and events.

Late 20th-Century Challenges and Mergers (1980–2010)

The abrupt closure of the Ottawa Journal on August 27, 1980, by its owner Thomson Newspapers eliminated Ottawa's primary English-language daily competitor, positioning the Southam-owned Ottawa Citizen as the city's unchallenged monopoly provider of daily print news. This consolidation, mirrored by Southam's simultaneous shutdown of the Winnipeg Tribune, reflected broader economic pressures on Canadian newspapers, including rising production costs and advertising shifts toward television, but granted the Citizen expanded market dominance and the opportunity to integrate select Journal staff and content streams. Regulatory concerns over reduced plurality arose, yet the Citizen leveraged its sole status to sustain local reporting depth amid these transitions. Ownership shifted significantly in the mid-1990s when Hollinger Inc., under , gained control of Inc.—the Citizen's parent—through a series of acquisitions culminating in a by 1996, as part of Hollinger's expansion into Canadian media assets. Hollinger's debt-fueled strategy imposed financial strains, prompting divestitures; in August 2000, it sold the Citizen and other properties to Global Communications for $3.5 billion, marking a pivot to a new corporate regime focused on cost efficiencies and cross-media synergies. Under , the Citizen navigated early 2000s pressures from encroachment and internal negotiations over working conditions, which tested operational stability without derailing its core local orientation. By the late 2000s, the Citizen grappled with circulation erosion typical of print dailies—dropping to 123,856 daily copies by 2009 amid television and radio gains—while resisting full corporatization by prioritizing Ottawa-centric coverage over centralized mandates from owners like . These efforts preserved editorial autonomy on regional issues, even as industry viability waned, setting the stage for further adaptations without compromising verifiable community relevance.

Digital Transition and Recent Developments (2010–Present)

In July 2010, Postmedia Network acquired the Ottawa Citizen as part of a $1.1 billion transaction to purchase Canwest Global Communications' newspaper chain following Canwest's bankruptcy restructuring. This acquisition occurred amid broader industry challenges, including declining print advertising revenues, prompting Postmedia to implement immediate cost-cutting measures such as voluntary buyout programs for staff across its properties, though specific figures for the Citizen were not isolated in initial reports. Despite these reductions, the newspaper retained its headquarters and operational base in Ottawa, maintaining a physical presence tied to its role as the city's primary daily. Postmedia accelerated the Citizen's digital transition starting in with a redesign of its print edition, website, and launch of dedicated and tablet apps, creating a "four-platform" model to integrate print, web, and mobile delivery. The ePaper app, offering a digital replica of the print edition, has been available since at least the mid-2010s and received updates as recently as 2024, enabling features like searchable content and article sharing. By the , the Citizen expanded integration through its main app, updated in September 2025, which allows customized feeds for local coverage including scrutiny of federal policies and public health responses in . In June 2022, the City of Ottawa awarded the Citizen the Key to the City, recognizing 175 years of capital coverage, with the ceremony delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the paper's sustained local reporting amid disruptions. Recent adaptations include ongoing ePaper enhancements and app-based multimedia for events like federal policy shifts, though circulation and ad revenues continue to decline—mirroring a 44% drop in community newspaper ads from 2018 to 2022—exacerbated by digital competition rather than solely offset by federal subsidies. These subsidies, totaling hundreds of millions annually across Canadian media by 2024-25, have primarily serviced Postmedia's debt to U.S. investors rather than reversing market-driven losses from reader shifts to free online alternatives, sustaining operations but raising questions about long-term viability without structural reforms.

Ownership and Corporate Structure

Early Proprietors and Family Control

The Ottawa Citizen was founded on January 2, 1845, by William Harris as a four-page titled The Bytown Packet, established primarily as a commercial printing venture amid 's (now ) lumber-driven economy. Harris, a printer by trade, aimed to capitalize on local and contracts, but faced immediate entrepreneurial risks from volatile markets and limited readership in a settlement. Due to a slump in the lumber industry that eroded profitability, Harris sold the paper in October 1846 to John Gordon Bell, a local merchant, and , a journalist and civil servant, for an undisclosed sum; the duo reoriented operations toward broader local coverage while relying on printing jobs for stability. This partnership highlighted the precarious nature of early press ownership, where proprietors balanced fiscal caution with opportunistic advocacy, though family involvement remained minimal beyond personal networks. In October 1849, Robert Bell, an Irish-born surveyor and reform advocate, acquired full control from Bell and Friel, marking a shift toward more assertive political influence while maintaining the paper's independence from dominant party machines. Bell, who renamed it the Ottawa Citizen in 1851 following Bytown's incorporation as , managed daily operations with a small staff drawn from local talent, emphasizing reporting on municipal graft and railway promotions to foster settlement and economic scrutiny, though without evident family succession structures. His tenure until the 1861 sale to I.B. Taylor underscored proprietor-driven risks, as Bell leveraged the paper for personal ventures like land surveying amid financial strains from unprofitable expansions.

Southam and Hollinger Eras

The Southam family acquired the Ottawa Citizen in 1897 when William Southam purchased it for $9,000 plus an agreement to collect outstanding debts from prior owners, marking the paper's entry into chain ownership. This affiliation with Newspapers facilitated national syndication of content and resource sharing across its portfolio of dailies, including improved access to wire services and centralized printing efficiencies that supported circulation growth in select markets. For instance, Southam annual reports in the highlighted the Citizen among papers achieving strong circulation gains through such synergies. A pivotal development occurred on August 27, 1980, when competing chain Thomson Newspapers shuttered the Ottawa Journal, leaving the Southam-owned Citizen with a monopoly on English-language dailies in Canada's capital. The closure immediately boosted the Citizen's circulation by approximately 30,000 subscribers as readers shifted to the surviving paper, demonstrating short-term empirical gains from eliminated competition but prompting widespread concerns over reduced journalistic diversity and potential homogenization of local coverage under chain control. These events contributed to the formation of the Kent Royal Commission on Newspapers, which scrutinized chain monopolies for eroding competitive incentives in reporting. In November 1996, Conrad Black's Hollinger Inc. secured a majority stake in Inc., assuming control of the Citizen and the broader chain amid Black's strategy to consolidate Canadian media assets. Hollinger's tenure, lasting until the 2000 sale to Global, prioritized cost efficiencies through staff reductions and operational streamlining across properties, yielding financial improvements but accelerating signs of content uniformity as local yielded to centralized directives. Black, a vocal conservative, influenced tones toward right-leaning perspectives, viewing the Citizen as previously underwhelming and pushing for enhanced quality and national in its output. This shift balanced chain-scale advantages in against tensions with independent local , as evidenced by internal pressures on during Hollinger's aggressive cost management.

Postmedia Network Acquisition and Influence

In July 2010, Postmedia Network Canada Corp. acquired the Ottawa Citizen and other assets from Canwest Publishing LP as part of a restructuring following Canwest's entry into creditor protection under Canada's Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act in early 2010. The deal, finalized on July 13, involved $685 million in debt financing, comprising a US$300 million and CAN$110 million senior term loan facility alongside a US$275 million high-yield bond issuance, which immediately burdened the new entity with leveraged obligations exceeding operational revenues. This creditor-led formation positioned Postmedia to consolidate control over major dailies like the Citizen, but the inherited debt structure—stemming from Canwest's overexpansion—prioritized interest payments over reinvestment, constraining editorial and reporting autonomy from inception. By the mid-2010s, U.S.-based hedge fund Chatham Asset Management had amassed a controlling 66% stake in Postmedia, amplifying financial pressures through a "harvesting" approach that funnels cash flows toward debt servicing rather than journalistic expansion. Chatham's influence, as Postmedia's largest creditor and equity holder, has manifested in directives favoring asset stripping and cost reductions, including staff cuts and reduced local coverage at properties like the Ottawa Citizen, where corporate mandates emphasize syndicated national content to minimize expenses. This dynamic has eroded incentives for in-depth, community-specific reporting, as profitability metrics tied to hedge fund returns override traditional newsroom priorities, evidenced by Postmedia's pattern of consolidating operations across its 130+ titles. Postmedia executed multiple debt restructurings in the 2020s to avert , including a agreement that slashed liabilities by hundreds of millions but nullified existing equity, further entrenching Chatham's dominance. While Canadian broadcast caps at 25% foreign control, print loopholes permit near-total U.S. , prompting scrutiny over potential external influence on content decisions, though no links Chatham to specific interventions at the Citizen. Financial viability increasingly hinges on subsidies, with Postmedia reporting $35 million in federal support by 2021—including $21 million from COVID-era wage programs and $14.5 million in tax credits—as a core revenue pillar amid ad declines. This reliance sustains operations but ties autonomy to public funding cycles, indirectly amplifying corporate mandates that deprioritize local Ottawa-focused investigations in favor of scalable, debt-servicing efficiencies.

Editorial Stance and Content Focus

Political Orientation and Bias Assessments

Media Bias/Fact Check rates the Ottawa Citizen as Right-Center biased due to occasional editorial favoritism toward conservative policies and figures, while assigning it a high factual reporting score based on proper sourcing, minimal failed fact checks, and adherence to journalistic standards without significant retractions or corrections for misinformation. Ground News similarly classifies its bias as Lean Right, drawing from aggregated ratings including a Center placement by Ad Fontes Media for reliability and bias balance. These assessments contrast with broader patterns in Canadian legacy media, where left-leaning slants are more prevalent, as evidenced by the Ottawa Citizen's cleaner record on conservative-leaning endorsements compared to outlets like the Toronto Star. Historically, the newspaper exhibited conservative leanings from its 19th-century origins, supporting figures like during periods of Tory dominance, though ownership changes introduced variability without shifting to consistent left-of-center advocacy. This aligns with empirical evaluations prioritizing story selection and endorsement patterns over self-reported neutrality, revealing a pattern of critiquing Liberal governments more rigorously than Conservative ones in recent decades. Critiques from the right include perceptions of subtle left in story prioritization, as articulated in a 2017 Ottawa Citizen column by contributor Stephen Prentice, who highlighted disproportionate favorable coverage of Liberal policies amid declining readership. Conversely, left-leaning observers on platforms like have labeled it a "Conservative mouthpiece," citing integration into and alignment with Postmedia's stance, though such anecdotal claims lack the substantiation of third-party fact-check analyses. Verifiable records emphasize its high factual accuracy, with no major fact-check failures documented by independent verifiers, underscoring reliability over polarized perceptions.

Key Coverage Areas and Investigative Reporting

The 's core coverage areas encompass federal , leveraging its position in the national capital to provide detailed reporting on parliamentary proceedings, policy debates, and government operations, including scrutiny of staffing and legislative reforms. Municipal affairs receive focused attention, with investigations into local governance issues such as transit system training deficiencies and administrative , exemplified by a 2024 audit revealing a rent kickback scheme that resulted in a city employee's termination and another's resignation. Sports reporting prominently features the , offering game analysis, player updates, and team management insights amid NHL seasons. Investigative efforts have historically emphasized accountability, as seen in the paper's role in uncovering the 2011 robocalls scandal, where reporters Glen McGregor and Stephen Maher revealed misleading election-day calls investigated by , prompting legal consequences for involved parties. More recent probes include examinations of industrial accidents like the 2022 Eastview Tank explosion, detailing forensic challenges and investigative processes. This watchdog approach prioritizes over narrative advocacy, drawing on documents, audits, and official records to expose irregularities in public institutions. In the , coverage of federal Liberal policies has incorporated data-driven analysis, such as critiques of elevated targets—projected at 500,000 permanent residents annually by —amid housing shortages and economic pressures, citing polls indicating recent immigrants' views that intake levels exceed sustainable capacity. The paper's proximity to federal power facilitates access to leaks and insider perspectives on , enabling detailed critiques of fiscal implications, including warnings against deficit expansion without corresponding revenue growth. This distinguishes its reporting from broader media by integrating quantitative metrics, like service standard correlations in departments, to underscore causal links between decisions and outcomes.

Evolution of Editorial Policies

The Ottawa Citizen's editorial policies have historically adapted to ownership transitions and broader journalistic standards, with shifts emphasizing varying degrees of political advocacy and independence. Under Southam Inc. ownership from 1897, the paper maintained a conservative orientation that supported local and initiatives, consistent with its role in promoting 's development as Canada's capital. During the mid-20th century period, editorials aligned with anti-communist positions prevalent in , praising U.S. leadership against Soviet and critiquing communist regimes. This reflected causal priorities of and free-market realism over ideological equivocation, though specific internal guidelines on sourcing or verification from that era remain undocumented in available records. In the late 1980s, under editorial leadership favoring Liberal policies, the paper opposed Progressive Conservative agreements, marking a temporary leftward pivot in stance that influenced content selection and opinion framing. By the early 2000s, as digital platforms emerged, policies evolved to address online ethics, including restrictions on anonymous commenting to mitigate and personal attacks; Postmedia's network-wide guidelines, applicable post-2010 acquisition, prohibit pseudonyms and require verified identities for accountability. Following Postmedia's 2010 takeover, editorial policies standardized protocols and cross-property consistency to enhance credibility amid declining print revenues, yet corporate mandates prioritizing Conservative endorsements during the 2015 federal election prompted the resignation of the editorial pages editor and writer, who cited discomfort with imposed ideological conformity. Independent evaluations rate the Citizen's factual reporting as high, attributing this to rigorous verification processes, but critics contend that owner-driven directives risked blurring into coverage, potentially undermining truth-seeking autonomy. Extensive layoffs in the Postmedia era, reducing staff from peaks like 185 in , diminished union influence over policy disputes, enabling swifter adaptations but drawing concerns from the Ottawa Guild about curtailed internal debate on ethical standards. These changes underscore a tension between corporate efficiency and preserving editorial pluralism, with empirical data on circulation declines pressuring outlets toward uniform rather than diverse viewpoints.

Operations and Reach

The Ottawa Citizen's print circulation peaked at 123,856 daily copies in 2009 before declining 26 percent to 91,796 by 2015, mirroring industry-wide shifts away from physical newspapers. As part of , the Citizen has continued to experience volume reductions in print distribution, contributing to an 11.4 percent drop in overall company circulation revenue to $147 million in fiscal 2023 from $166 million the prior year, driven primarily by lower and single-copy sales.
Fiscal YearCirculation Revenue ($ millions)Year-over-Year Change
2022166.0-
2023147.0-11.4%
Print declines stem from causal factors including the proliferation of free online news aggregators, platforms, and mobile apps that erode paid readership without equivalent offsets. Distribution focuses on the Ottawa-Gatineau metro region through targeted home delivery, retail single-copy sales, and limited regional expansion, with print editions now supplemented by digital replicas via ePaper and app-based access. Digital circulation revenue rose modestly by 8.8 percent to $9.5 million in fiscal 2023, bolstered by implementations requiring subscriptions for full website and ePaper content, though these gains have not fully compensated for print losses. Postmedia anticipates ongoing circulation volume declines into fiscal 2024, exacerbating company-wide financial strains including $72.6 million net losses and $310 million in long-term debt, which underscore empirical risks to operational sustainability absent further adaptations.

Staff, Facilities, and Production

The Ottawa Citizen maintains its primary operations at 1101 Baxter Road in Ottawa, Ontario, a facility that encompasses editorial offices, administrative functions, and an in-house printing plant equipped for large-scale newspaper production. This location has served as the hub since at least the late 20th century, supporting both print and emerging digital workflows, though the physical newsroom presence diminished by 2023 amid shifts to remote and hybrid models. The printing operations, which include multiple presses capable of handling thousands of copies nightly, faced a significant disruption in February 2023 due to flooding that halted a full press run and required reliance on digital editions. Staffing levels have contracted substantially under Postmedia Network's ownership since 2010, reflecting broader industry pressures to prioritize operational efficiencies through layoffs and buyouts rather than expansion. In January 2016, Postmedia merged the Ottawa Citizen's newsroom with that of the Ottawa Sun, leading to layoffs at the Sun and voluntary buyouts offered to Citizen employees as part of a company-wide reduction of 90 positions across several markets. Further attrition occurred via ongoing buyouts and attrition in the , with Postmedia announcing additional cuts including 15 positions at the Citizen in a move that, combined with prior reductions, trimmed its workforce by approximately 20 percent. These measures have focused resources on a leaner emphasizing digital content creation over traditional print . Production processes emphasize cost control and adaptation to declining print demand, with the newspaper retaining a broadsheet format but implementing format and schedule adjustments for viability. A major 2014 redesign integrated color-coded sections and streamlined layouts to align print output with digital priorities, reducing redundancy in reporting cycles. By October 2022, production of Monday print editions ceased entirely, citing elevated printing and delivery expenses against evolving reader preferences for online access, thereby narrowing weekly output to six days while bolstering e-edition capabilities. Earlier modernization included the 1973 installation of technology at a new suburban plant, which enhanced efficiency over legacy letterpress methods prevalent in the industry. These shifts have minimized overhead but occasionally strained output, as evidenced by contingency reliance on digital during facility issues, underscoring a transition to hybrid production models.

Digital and Multimedia Expansion

The Ottawa Citizen initiated its digital expansion with the development of ottawacitizen.com, which by had been remodeled into a central hub integrating web, print, mobile, and emerging video formats to streamline content delivery across platforms. This multi-platform approach aimed to adapt to shifting reader habits, though early online efforts predated this upgrade and focused primarily on digitizing print content without robust interactive features. In the , the newspaper launched dedicated mobile applications for Android and devices, allowing users to curate personalized news feeds from local reporting on politics, sports, and community issues. Multimedia offerings expanded further with the incorporation of podcasts in the , featuring episodes on local politics, , , and to attract audio-first audiences amid podcasting's rise. These integrations, including video embeds and on-demand audio, were positioned as innovative extensions of core , yet they coincided with broader industry trends where such formats often serve retention rather than substantial new revenue generation. By 2025, content continued to emphasize Ottawa-specific topics like municipal and federal policy impacts, but listener metrics remained modest compared to hype around digital diversification. Digital subscription growth has partially mitigated print circulation declines for Postmedia outlets like the Ottawa Citizen, with company-wide efforts yielding incremental paid online access amid slowing industry-wide trends reported in 2023-2024. However, ad revenue faces structural headwinds from and Meta's market dominance, which captured significant shares of Canadian digital advertising, prompting publishers to seek regulatory intervention via the —yielding Google contributions estimated at $172 million annually across the sector but exposing ongoing vulnerabilities to tech platform policies. This reliance is compounded by dependencies on federal advertising dollars, which have historically buffered losses but fluctuate with government priorities, as evidenced by 2016 cuts that hollowed out traditional media budgets and underscored causal risks from public funding variability over organic digital . Despite proclaimed expansions, engagement metrics lag behind promotional narratives, with ad challenges persisting due to big tech's intermediary role and policy-dependent lifelines rather than self-sustaining audience growth.

Notable Contributors

Prominent Editors and Journalists

Charles A. Bowman served as of the Ottawa Citizen from 1914 to 1946, the longest tenure in the newspaper's history, during which he transformed it into a politically independent voice emphasizing investigative scrutiny of government and business. Prior to joining the Citizen in 1913, Bowman had been dismissed from a federal government position in the Department of Railways and Canals in October 1912 for publicly criticizing patronage appointments, demonstrating early commitment to exposing systemic favoritism. Under his leadership, the paper pursued rigorous probes into wartime corruption, including scrutiny of munitions contracts and the scandal in 1916, contributing to accountability in public spending. Bowman's editorial influence extended to policy advocacy, such as his role on the 1928–1929 Aird Commission, which recommended the creation of a public broadcaster leading to the CBC, and his support for social reforms like unemployment insurance. His 1966 memoirs, Ottawa Editor: The Memoirs of Charles A. Bowman, provide a firsthand account of shaping Canadian through empirical critique of power structures. In the post-2010 era, amid Postmedia Network's acquisition and subsequent staff reductions, editors maintained operational rigor by prioritizing local investigative reporting despite resource constraints from mergers and layoffs. Andrew Potter, who advanced from managing editor to from 2011 to , oversaw adaptations to digital shifts while sustaining the paper's focus on Ottawa's political , drawing on his prior experience as a public affairs analyst to enforce fact-based editorial standards. , appointed in March as the first woman in the role, led the merged Citizen and Ottawa Sun newsrooms through 2019, emphasizing team-driven accountability and community-oriented coverage amid a consolidation that integrated operations without fully sacrificing distinct editorial identities. Current Nicole Feriancek, assuming the position by 2021, continues this tradition by integrating tools to verify and amplify empirical reporting on capital-region issues, navigating ongoing fiscal pressures to preserve journalistic depth. These leaders' tenures reflect a commitment to verifiable sourcing and over expediency, as evidenced by sustained output in critiques despite industry-wide contractions.

Influential Columnists and Reporters

Bruce Garrioch serves as the Ottawa Citizen's lead hockey columnist, with coverage centered on the that has included five Stanley Cup finals and two Winter Olympics, establishing him as a key voice in Canadian . His reporting on team injuries, such as captain Brady Tkachuk's potential two-month absence due to hand/wrist surgery in October 2025, and early-season performance analyses has driven public accountability, prompting management responses amid fan backlash. Garrioch's —spanning decades in a shrinking industry—demonstrates sustained influence, with his columns shaping local discourse on roster toughness and strategic decisions. Bruce Deachman, a addressing social challenges, has focused on Ottawa's epidemic through immersive reporting, including a 24-hour in to expose nighttime vulnerabilities. His work earned the Shepherd of the Good Hope Media Award on August 31, 2025, for advancing understanding of related complexities like youth displacement and service gaps. With nearly 30 years at the Citizen, Deachman's features critique policy shortcomings, such as the feasibility of ending youth by 2030, fostering debate on amid rising urban neglect. Randall Denley contributes right-leaning commentary critiquing Ottawa's entrenched , arguing in April 2025 that the city's reliance on expansive stifles and under figures like . His columns on bloat, including think-tank proposals for 64,000 job cuts to balance budgets, highlight fiscal inefficiencies often downplayed in capital-centric narratives. Denley's persistence through industry consolidation underscores a niche for skeptical takes on federal overreach, influencing policy discussions by amplifying data-driven arguments against unchecked growth.

Achievements and Recognition

Awards and Journalistic Honors

The Ottawa Citizen has garnered recognition for investigative and journalism, including two Michener Awards in the early . In 2012, the newspaper, in partnership with , received the Michener Award for a series of reports exposing voter suppression tactics in the robocall scandal during the 2011 federal election, which involved misleading automated calls directing voters to incorrect polling locations. In , the Ottawa Citizen and Postmedia News won the award again for accountability reporting on federal government spending and oversight failures, highlighting systemic issues in . The publication has also earned multiple National Newspaper Awards from the News Media Canada foundation, with three wins announced in 2019 for excellence in categories such as investigative reporting, and features, and . These honors underscore specific bodies of work, including in-depth examinations of local governance and cultural narratives. Additionally, Ottawa Citizen content has been nominated for and received accolades in the Online Journalism Awards, administered by the Online News Association, recognizing innovative digital reporting on community issues. In June 2022, the City of Ottawa presented the Key to the City to the Ottawa Citizen, honoring its continuous coverage of the national capital since 1845 and marking the newspaper's 175th anniversary. This civic recognition, awarded by Mayor Jim Watson, acknowledged the outlet's role in chronicling Ottawa's political, social, and developmental history. More recently, in August 2025, senior writer Bruce Deachman received the Shepherds of Good Hope Media Award for a series profiling individuals experiencing , emphasizing personal stories to illuminate urban social challenges.

Impact on Ottawa and Canadian Journalism

The Ottawa Citizen, established in 1845 as the Bytown Packet amid the rough lumber economy of pre-capital Ottawa, documented the site's transformation into a planned national seat of government following Queen Victoria's 1857 selection of Ottawa as capital. Its early editions captured infrastructure developments, such as the Chaudière Falls mills and Rideau Canal expansions, which tied local economic growth to federal ambitions, embedding a narrative of Ottawa as a burgeoning administrative hub rather than a peripheral outpost. This consistent archival role reinforced civic pride and collective memory, as evidenced by the paper's 2020 reflection on fostering regional cohesion through generations of shared stories on urban evolution and bilingual dynamics. By 2022, city officials acknowledged this foundational coverage by awarding the newspaper the Key to the City, symbolizing its integral part in defining Ottawa's identity as Canada's political core. In the lead-up to , the Citizen's reporting on provincial tensions and intercolonial conferences—occurring while rebranded to in 1855—disseminated details of fiscal unions and defensive pacts to a key audience in the proposed capital vicinity, amplifying awareness of unity imperatives like tariff harmonization and military coordination against U.S. threats. Though direct causation to policy outcomes remains unquantified, the paper's position as the dominant local voice ensured that debates on representation ratios (e.g., Quebec's 1865 legislative assembly allocating 62 seats to ) reached settlers whose labor supported emerging governance structures, indirectly sustaining momentum for the 1867 Act. Nationally, the Citizen's Ottawa base has sustained scrutiny of executive power, with routine access to enabling exposés on Prime Ministers' Offices, such as the 2015 Duffy expense trial revelations of centralized influence peddling under Stephen Harper's administration, which pressured procedural reforms in oversight. This pattern extends to Justin Trudeau's 2015 pledge to decentralize PMO dominance—contrasting Pierre Trudeau-era centralization—highlighting causal tensions between ministerial autonomy and prime-ministerial coordination in Westminster-style accountability. Over 44 federal elections from onward, such coverage has modeled adversarial journalism, influencing peer outlets to prioritize verifiable leaks and insider accounts in federal reporting. Into the 2020s, the paper's analysis of fiscal trajectories—contrasting post-pandemic spending surges (e.g., federal deficits exceeding $300 billion in 2020-21) with calls for restraint amid spikes to 8% in 2022—has spotlighted trade-offs in design, like zero-emission grid investments versus , informing public baselines for electoral mandates on expenditure controls. These reports, drawing on budget documents and , underscore persistent divides where expansive outlays risk crowding out private investment, as critiqued in conservative platforms advocating balanced books over mission-driven allocations. While not authoring , the Citizen's aggregation of fiscal metrics has fed into broader discourse, evidenced by its references in public-service efficiency reviews targeting regulatory bloat. This dual local-national lens has elevated Canadian journalism's emphasis on capital-centric , where proximity yields granular insights into how federal decisions cascade to municipal budgets and taxpayer burdens.

Criticisms and Controversies

Accusations of Bias and Editorial Slant

Critics from the political left have labeled the Ottawa Citizen a "Conservative mouthpiece," citing instances where pieces were perceived as masquerading as factual reporting. Such accusations appear in online forums like , where users decry the paper's coverage as ed toward conservative viewpoints, including on issues like unions and . Letters to the editor have also raised claims of against Indigenous , with one urging the paper to "drop the " in portrayals of Indigenous lifespans and opportunities, reflecting perceptions of unfavorable framing in discussions. From the right, columnist Michael Prentice accused the Ottawa Citizen of left-wing bias in a July 23, 2017, opinion piece, arguing that news selection and editorials consistently favored Liberals and leftists, potentially to appeal to a perceived left-leaning readership base. Prentice, identifying as conservative, questioned whether the slant was intentional, pointing to disproportionate criticism of conservative figures compared to liberal ones. A 2025 controversy involving a paid advertisement for Conservative Leader , featuring an message "He is Risen!" alongside political contact information, highlighted distinctions between sponsored content and editorial . Critics viewed the ad's religious-political fusion as inappropriate proselytizing in a secular news context, though it was clearly marked as paid and separate from reporting. Independent media bias assessments rate the Ottawa Citizen as right-center overall, with favoritism toward right-leaning but high factual reporting due to minimal failed fact checks and few retractions. Ground News similarly classifies it as leaning right based on aggregated metrics. User discussions on platforms like describe it as fairly conservative, akin to rather than populist conservatism, countering extreme claims with its track record of balanced factual output. These ratings, derived from systematic story analysis rather than anecdotal complaints, suggest accusations often reflect partisan expectations over empirical slant.

Operational and Ethical Issues

The Ottawa Citizen has undergone significant staff reductions since Postmedia Network acquired control of its operations in the mid-2010s, contributing to operational strains and reduced journalistic capacity. In January 2016, Postmedia merged the newsrooms of the Citizen and the tabloid Ottawa Sun, resulting in layoffs primarily at the Sun but affecting overall editorial resources in Ottawa. Further cuts followed in January 2017, with 15 positions eliminated at the Citizen as part of company-wide efforts to address revenue declines. By January 2023, Postmedia announced layoffs affecting about 11 percent of its roughly 650 editorial employees across its network, including impacts on the Citizen's reporting depth amid persistent print advertising shortfalls and digital transition costs. These measures, often involving buyouts to limit forced terminations, have led to thinner staffing, with union representatives noting heightened workloads and challenges in sustaining investigative coverage. The Newspaper , Local 30205 of , which represents Citizen journalists, has filed requirements under collective agreements mandating advance notice of layoffs, including details on affected numbers and roles, to mitigate abrupt disruptions. negotiations have emphasized voluntary separations and severance protections, but persistent cuts have raised internal concerns about overreliance on remaining staff for demands, potentially compromising rigor and local sourcing. Following the 1980 closure of the rival Ottawa Journal on , the Citizen assumed a monopoly as Ottawa's sole major English-language daily , eliminating direct competition and associated checks on content quality. Canadian competition authorities, including the , have not pursued antitrust scrutiny or remedies for this market dominance, despite theoretical risks of unaddressed echo chambers in civic discourse and advertising rates. Ethical breaches such as remain infrequent at the Citizen, with no major verified incidents documented in recent decades, though operational pressures from staffing shortages have occasionally strained adherence to internal standards on source verification and transparency in corrections. Union oversight and Postmedia's provide mechanisms for addressing lapses, but critics argue that monopoly insulation and cost-driven decisions hinder proactive transparency in editorial processes.

Responses to Public and Industry Critique

In response to accusations of ideological bias, the Ottawa Citizen has published editorials asserting that apparent consensus among media outlets reflects a commitment to and reason rather than partisan alignment. A editorial argued that uniform opposition to policies like mandatory minimum sentences or supply management stemmed from empirical scrutiny showing their ineffectiveness or economic harm, dismissing claims of left-wing bias by emphasizing that journalists evaluate issues independently of voting history or . This defense positioned media "bias" as favoring intellectual rigor over unsupported assertions, though critics from progressive outlets contended it overlooked structural incentives in . Postmedia, the Ottawa Citizen's parent company, faced significant backlash in 2015 for directing its newspapers, including the Citizen, to endorse the Conservative Party during the federal election, prompting the resignation of the Citizen's editorial writers in protest over compromised independence. Postmedia executives, led by CEO , defended the move as an exercise of corporate editorial prerogative amid financial pressures, without issuing retractions or policy reversals, which sustained operations but fueled ongoing distrust among left-leaning observers who viewed it as evidence of rightward capture by U.S. owners. In the broader industry context of declining ad revenues and closures—evident in Postmedia's own consolidations—the Citizen's accountability measures, such as localized reporting, contrasted with systemic challenges like reduced newsroom sizes affecting peers like properties. More recently, Postmedia has pledged enhanced transparency and commitment to factual in acquisition announcements, such as the 2024 Klein Group deal, framing it as bolstering "truth and transparency" to counter amid economic strains. These statements align with collaborations like the 2025 Bureau partnership, aimed at upholding accuracy and independence, though their effectiveness remains debated given persistent bias ratings labeling the Citizen as right-center with high factual reliability. Despite critiques, the paper has maintained daily publication and a resilient slant toward conservative-leaning positions on fiscal and regulatory issues, outlasting pure-play liberal competitors in a contracting print market.

References

  1. https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-ottawa-citizen
  2. https://mediabiasfactcheck.com/ottawa-citizen/
  3. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/175-years-and-counting
  4. https://ultimatepopculture.fandom.com/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen
  5. https://ottawacitizen.com/feature/to-be-journalist-newspaper-life
  6. https://www.historicalsocietyottawa.ca/publications/ottawa-stories/significant-technological-changes-in-the-city/ottawa-s-first-newspaper
  7. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/bell_robert_1821_1873_10F.html
  8. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/the-ottawa-citizen
  9. http://ottawanewsguild.ca/?page_id=522
  10. https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/300/global_media_journal/v03n02/www.gmj.uottawa.ca/1002/v3i2_bourrie_e.html?nodisclaimer=1
  11. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/charles-in-charge-the-life-and-times-of-the-legendary-citizen-editor-charles-bowman
  12. https://carleton.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/cfb814c8-4c7d-46b1-a33b-b0f3f27be506/download
  13. https://www.cbc.ca/archives/from-1980-when-daily-papers-in-winnipeg-and-ottawa-folded-1.4803005
  14. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/bcp-pco/Z1-1980-1-41-7-eng.pdf
  15. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/our-ottawa-ottawa-journal-closes-doors-1.3416222
  16. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/former-citizen-editors-in-chief-on-their-proudest-moments-greatest-disappointments
  17. https://www.company-histories.com/Hollinger-International-Inc-Company-History.html
  18. https://cpsa-acsp.ca/paper-2003/miljan.pdf
  19. https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/postmedia-network-inc
  20. https://www.facebook.com/JWayneThibodeau/posts/breaking-postmedia-network-inc-says-it-has-entered-into-an-agreement-to-acquire-/10162287446520400/
  21. https://ottawacitizen.com/
  22. https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/postmedia-revamps-ottawa-citizen-s-digital-service-1.2648645
  23. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/meet-the-new-four-platform-citizen
  24. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.newspaperdirect.ottawacitizene.android&hl=en_US
  25. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ottawa-citizen/id822338985
  26. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/ottawa-citizen-gets-key-to-the-city-to-mark-capital-coverage-since-1845
  27. https://ppforum.ca/publications/local-news-canada/
  28. https://macdonaldlaurier.ca/government-subsidies-for-canadas-media-were-supposed-to-be-temporary-but-they-keep-on-growing-and-could-be-here-to-stay-dave-snow-in-the-hub/
  29. https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/think-tank-pushes-more-bad-ideas-to-help-fix-canadas-news-media
  30. https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/friel_henry_james_9E.html
  31. https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/bell_robert_1821_73_10E.html
  32. https://digital.library.mcgill.ca/images/hrcorpreports/pdfs/6/638155.pdf
  33. https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/28/archives/2-major-newspapers-closed-in-canada-vancouver-interests-sold-london.html
  34. https://www.aei.org/articles/unesco-of-the-north-the-coming-of-press-regulation-in-canada/
  35. http://www.marcedge.com/SouthamJMM.pdf
  36. https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780773597600-009/html
  37. https://www.postmedia.com/2010/07/13/postmedia-network-canada-corp-completes-acquisition-of-canwest-publishing-print-and-online-assets/
  38. https://vancouver.citynews.ca/2016/01/19/timeline-of-postmedia-empires-inception-growth-and-struggles/
  39. https://futureofmedia.hsites.harvard.edu/canadian-media-ownership
  40. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/16/business/media/hedge-fund-chatham-mcclatchy-postmedia-newspapers.html
  41. https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/postmedia-shoots-more-hostages-to-keep-debt-payments-flowing-to-new-jersey-hedge-fund
  42. https://www.poynter.org/locally/2020/hedge-fund-chatham-asset-management-buy-the-mcclatchy-newspaper-chain/
  43. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-postmedia-restructures-debt-for-a-second-time/
  44. https://canadiandimension.com/articles/view/black-press-sale-would-increase-american-ownership-of-canadas-news-media
  45. https://pressprogress.ca/postmedia-tells-shareholders-35-million-in-federal-government-handouts-is-now-a-key-pillar-of-its-business-strategy/
  46. https://www.reddit.com/r/onguardforthee/comments/1gu7s3h/postmedia_tells_shareholders_35_million_in/
  47. https://ground.news/interest/ottawa-citizen
  48. https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/prentice-enough-with-the-left-wing-bias-ottawa-citizen
  49. https://www.reddit.com/r/ottawa/comments/1j07b61/im_not_saying_the_ottawa_citizen_is_a_terrible/
  50. https://ottawacitizen.com/category/news/politics/
  51. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/city-auditor-investigation-trillium-line-operator-training
  52. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/city-of-ottawa-worker-fired-after-audit-uncovers-kickback-scheme-with-landlords
  53. https://ottawacitizen.com/category/ottawa-senators/
  54. https://rrj.ca/how-glen-mcgregor-and-stephen-maher-broke-the-robocalls-scandal/
  55. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/a-look-inside-the-probe-into-the-eastview-explosion
  56. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ircc-immigration-housing-canada-1.7080376
  57. https://ottawacitizen.com/tag/immigrants/
  58. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/editorial-a-conservative-approach-to-fiscal-uncertainty
  59. https://ottawacitizen.com/public-service/auditor-general-cra-call-centre-staffing
  60. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0020702020978409
  61. https://newsroomhistory.digitalfuturist.com/newspaper/ottawa-citizen/
  62. https://nationalpost.com/community-guidelines/
  63. https://ottawacitizen.com/community-guidelines/
  64. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-citizen-editorial-writers-1.3325811
  65. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/ottawa-citizens-editorial-writers-decide-to-leave-newspaper/article27333257/
  66. https://www.postmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023-Annual-Report-FINAL.pdf
  67. https://ottawacitizen.com/subscribe/
  68. https://ottawacitizen.com/contact/
  69. https://www.reddit.com/r/ottawa/comments/13y12rc/ottawa_citizen_newsroom_closes_on_baxter_road/
  70. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/note-to-readers
  71. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-citizen-ottawa-sun-newsrooms-merge-cuts-1.3410482
  72. https://www.kelownadailycourier.ca/news/national_news/article_ed512ab0-88d8-52ea-ba13-72ba9e18a68d.html?=/&subcategory=448%257CPop
  73. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/postmedia-unveils-ottawa-citizen-redesign/article18754605/
  74. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/notice-to-ottawa-citizen-readers
  75. https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2018/mstc-cstm/NM97-2-1-3-eng.pdf
  76. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.postmedia.ottawacitizen.android2&hl=en_US
  77. https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/ottawa-citizen/id822338985
  78. https://ottawacitizen.com/podcasts/
  79. https://ottawacitizen.com/tag/podcasts/
  80. https://localmedia.org/2024/01/digital-subscriptions-trends-for-2024-and-what-publishers-can-do-to-grow/
  81. https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/ottawa-puts-price-on-what-it-wants-meta-and-google-to-share-with-canadian-news-publishers
  82. https://theconversation.com/why-ottawas-efforts-to-get-google-and-facebook-to-pay-for-news-content-misses-the-mark-188875
  83. https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2016/sep/02/canadas-government-removes-its-advertising-from-newspapers
  84. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/newspapers-canadian-heritage-public-policy-forum-digital-news-gathering-internet-1.3743580
  85. https://www.abebooks.com/first-edition/Ottawa-Editor-Memoirs-Charles-A-Bowman/976925077/bd
  86. https://www.mcgill.ca/maxbellschool/our-people/mpp-teaching-faculty/andrew-potter
  87. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/editor-in-chief-appointed-to-lead-merged-citizensun-newsroom
  88. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/editors-in-chief-the-citizen-newsroom-has-been-led-by-the-formidable-and-the-quirky
  89. https://ottawacitizen.com/author/nferiancek/
  90. https://ottawacitizen.com/author/bgarrioch/
  91. https://ottawacitizen.com/ottawa-senators/fear-brady-tkachuk-miss-two-months-second-opinion
  92. https://ottawacitizen.com/sports/sens-one-on-one-4
  93. https://ca.news.yahoo.com/ottawa-senators-not-ready-hit-215858291.html
  94. https://muckrack.com/bruce-deachman/articles
  95. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/bruce-deachman-award-homeless
  96. https://ca.news.yahoo.com/citizens-bruce-deachman-recognized-stories-172129840.html
  97. https://rnao.ca/about/awards/media-awards/daily-newspaper-best-in-depth-feature-or-series-bruce-deachman
  98. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/can-city-end-youth-homelessness
  99. https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/poilievre-right-man-wrong-city
  100. https://ottawacitizen.com/public-service/cuts-public-service-balanced-budget
  101. https://ottawacitizen.com/public-service/conservative-platform-public-service
  102. https://www.michenerawards.ca/historical-timeline/2010s/
  103. https://ottawacitizen.com/tag/national-newspaper-awards/
  104. https://awards.journalists.org/organizations/ottawa-citizen/
  105. https://documents.ottawa.ca/sites/documents/files/ott_capital_en.pdf
  106. https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/potter-how-the-citizen-helped-create-a-shared-community-in-ottawa
  107. https://activehistory.ca/blog/2016/07/01/revisiting-the-1865-canadian-debates-on-confederation-rights-and-the-constitution/
  108. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/icymi-no-place-to-hide-as-duffy-trial-casts-spotlight-on-pmo
  109. https://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/trudeau-says-he-would-end-tight-pmo-control-begun-by-his-father
  110. https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/macdonald-trudeau-citizen-commentary
  111. https://ottawacitizen.com/tag/federal-budget/
  112. https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/galloway-politics-in-the-2020s-will-challenge-conservatives-in-particular
  113. https://ottawacitizen.com/public-service/500-initiatives-government-red-tape-review
  114. https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/letters/todays-letters-drop-the-bias-against-indigenous-canadians
  115. https://www.facebook.com/groups/407886918530422/posts/671663185486126/
  116. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-Ottawa-Citizens-reputation-as-a-newspaper-in-Canada
  117. https://www.ctvnews.ca/ottawa/article/postmedia-laying-off-15-positions-at-ottawa-citizen-and-montreal-gazette/
  118. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-postmedia-layoffs-11-per-cent-staff/
  119. https://cwacanada.ca/2023/03/03/contracts-outcry-reduce-forced-layoffs-at-some-postmedia-papers/
  120. http://ottawanewsguild.ca/?page_id=451
  121. https://portal.journalism.torontomu.ca/goodnewsbadnews/
  122. https://todayinottawashistory.wordpress.com/2022/07/30/the-ottawa-journal-closes/
  123. https://financialpost.com/opinion/jack-mintz-state-protected-monopolies-need-competition-too
  124. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49596461_Editorial_Propaganda_Ethics_and_Media_--_Political_and_Commercial_Erosion_of_Journalism_Ethics
  125. https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/the-medias-bias-in-favour-of-reason-facts-and-good-sense
  126. https://www.counterpunch.org/2016/09/23/the-medias-biased-perspective/
  127. https://www.canadaland.com/the-conservative-transformation-of-postmedia/
  128. https://www.postmedia.com/2024/06/01/postmedia-announces-closing-of-previously-announced-transaction-with-the-klein-group/
  129. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/postmedia-announces-collaboration-investigative-journalism-140000138.html
  130. https://www.nationalobserver.com/2015/11/24/news/tawdry-fall-postmedia-newspaper-empire
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
Contribute something
User Avatar
No comments yet.