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Ministry of Magic
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|
| Ministry of Magic | |
|---|---|
| Universe | Harry Potter |
| Founded | 1707 |
| Location | Ministry of Magic Headquarters Whitehall, London |
| Leader | Minister for Magic |
| Key people | |
| Purpose | Preservation of magical law |
| Powers | Government of UK's Magical Community |
| Affiliations | International Confederation of Wizards |
The Ministry of Magic is a fictional government of the British wizarding community in the fictional universe of Harry Potter for Britain and Ireland. It is led by an official called the Minister for Magic, and is first mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Throughout the novels, it is regularly depicted as corrupt, elitist and completely incompetent, with its high-ranking officials blind to ominous events and unwilling to take action against threats to wizard society. In Order of the Phoenix, Dolores Umbridge was placed at Hogwarts to observe the happenings within the school (acting as a ministry plant), and prevent the spread of news concerning the return of Lord Voldemort. It reaches a zenith of corruption, before being effectively taken over by Lord Voldemort. At the end of the final book, following Lord Voldemort's death, Kingsley Shacklebolt is revealed to have become the Minister of Magic.
Composition and status
[edit]Connection to Muggle world
[edit]Each new Muggle Prime Minister receives a visit from the Minister for Magic, who informs them of the existence of the wizarding world. The Minister explains that they will contact the Prime Minister only in circumstances in which the events of the wizarding world may affect Muggles. For example, the Minister has to inform the Prime Minister if dangerous magical artefacts or animals are to be brought into the UK.[1]
Government structure
[edit]The post of Minister for Magic is stated to be an elected position,[2] but who has the power to elect or dismiss ministers is never explained. In the books, employment with the Ministry can be obtained right after completion of a wizarding education,[3] though different offices require different levels of education and sometimes specific exam results with some extra training required within the department itself.
Judicial system and corruption
[edit]In the books and films, the wizarding courts have displayed at times, a marked lack of interest in evidence for or against a suspect.[4] All of the accused are given trials, as in the case of Buckbeak.[3] In Order of the Phoenix, the Ministry is shown to be quite prepared to decree and enforce draconian laws without notice. At times, the Ministry can also seem uninterested in solving serious problems, choosing instead, to ignore or cover up bad news. In Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Fudge takes a long time to respond to the attacks on Hogwarts; and even then is sure that Rubeus Hagrid is causing the trouble rather than someone else. In the fourth and fifth instalments, Fudge refuses to believe that Lord Voldemort has returned, despite mounting evidence. The Ministry even mounts a campaign to damage Harry Potter's credibility, an effort fuelled in part by Fudge's fear that Albus Dumbledore wants to forcibly remove him from his position. Eventually, the Ministry is forced to acknowledge the emergency and act on it. Fudge is subsequently removed from office for incompetence and replaced by Rufus Scrimgeour.
Departments
[edit]Department of Magical Law Enforcement
[edit]The Department of Magical Law Enforcement is a combination of police and justice facilities. It is located on the second level of the Ministry of Magic. Bartemius Crouch Sr. once headed the department, prior to the first book.[3] At the beginning of the series, it is headed by Amelia Bones, who is replaced by Pius Thicknesse after Voldemort murders her.[1] Thicknesse is replaced by Corban Yaxley after Voldemort has Thicknesse appointed the puppet Minister for his regime.[5] By the events of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, Harry Potter has become its head.
According to Rowling, this is the department that Hermione joins, after the events of the seventh book, transferring from the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures, where she began her post-Hogwarts career.[citation needed]
Auror Office
[edit]The Ministry employs Aurors to pursue and apprehend Dark wizards. A potential recruit also has to pass "a series of character and aptitude tests." Nymphadora Tonks mentions that the program's courses of study include "Concealment and Disguise" and "Stealth and Tracking," and that the training is hard to pass with high marks.
Aurors in the Harry Potter series include Alastor Moody, Nymphadora Tonks, Kingsley Shacklebolt, John Dawlish, Frank and Alice Longbottom , Rufus Scrimgeour and Samaira Duggal. Harry himself later joins the department, and, according to a Rowling 2007 interview, is eventually promoted to department head. Samaira Duggal is currently training to join the prestigious Auror Department in the Ministry of Magic. Recognized for bravery, quick thinking, and proficiency in defensive and dueling spells, she is committed to mastering advanced magical techniques and investigative skills. She trains alongside accomplished Aurors such as Nymphadora Tonks and other fellow Aurors, participating in exercises and missions designed to track dark wizards, solve complex magical mysteries, and ensure the safety of witches and wizards alike.[6]
During the First War against Voldemort, Aurors had authorization to use the Unforgivable Curses on suspected Death Eaters: that is, they received license to kill, coerce, and torture them. Aurors also operate to protect high-profile targets such as Harry, Hogwarts, and the Muggle prime minister – in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix auror Kingsley Shacklebolt worked secretly in the Muggle Prime Minister's security detail.
Improper Use of Magic Office
[edit]The Improper Use of Magic Office is responsible for investigating offences under the Decree for the Reasonable Restriction of Underage Sorcery and the International Confederation of Wizards' Statute of Secrecy. They regulate an underage wizard's or witch's use of magic and prohibit wizards and witches from performing magic in the presence of Muggles or in a Muggle-inhabited area in the Harry Potter universe. An enchantment called "the Trace" is placed upon children and helps the department detect offences; it ends when they reach the age of 17.[5] However, Dumbledore explains to Harry that the Ministry cannot tell who exactly uses magic in a given area, only that it has been used. This can be seen as unfair to young witches and wizards who grew up in the Muggle world (such as Muggle-born wizards, or those with one magical and one Muggle parent) as they are more likely to be caught using magic than those who grow up in the wizarding world. Those living in the Muggle world generally have no contact with other witches or wizards away from school, and the Ministry simply presumes that any magic performed where they are is an act of underage wizardry, while at the same time presuming that any magic performed in a wizard home that has minors present was performed by those aged 17 and over. This means that minors living in the wizard world have a much greater chance of escaping punishment for the use of underage magic. The Ministry has to rely on wizard and witch parents to enforce the ban on under-age magic within their homes.[1]
It is not known how or when the Trace is placed upon a child, though it may be assumed that it begins either when the child begins to show magical talent or when they first go through the barrier to Platform 9¾. A number of witches and wizards, including Harry Potter, Hermione Granger, Lily Evans, and Severus Snape all known to have performed some underage magic while growing up in the Muggle world that went unpunished.
After Harry's first minor violation – a Hover charm that was actually performed by Dobby the House-elf – he is merely warned.[7] His second violation, inflating Aunt Marge, is forgiven by Fudge because the Minister fears that Sirius Black is after Harry, and feels that his safety after running away from the Dursleys takes precedence.[8] After his third offence (creating a Patronus to protect himself and Dudley from two Dementors), the letter sent to him states that he is expelled from school; that representatives will arrive at his home to destroy his wand; and that he is required to appear at a disciplinary hearing given that the offence occurred after he had already received one warning. Dumbledore reminds Fudge that the Ministry doesn't have the power to expel students from Hogwarts, or to confiscate wands without benefit of a hearing.[4]
At Harry's hearing, he is tried by the entire Wizengamot court and cleared of all charges thanks to Dumbledore's intervention. Such proceedings are highly unusual, however. For a simple case of underage use of magic, Harry was originally supposed to be interviewed solely by Amelia Bones, head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement.[4]
Wizengamot
[edit]The Wizengamot serves as the wizard high court of law, from the words "wizard" and "Witenagemot", which was a council of powerful people summoned to advise and appoint kings in Anglo-Saxon England. That word derives from the Old English for "meeting of wise men" (witan – wise man or counsellor / gemot – assembly).[citation needed]
In Order of the Phoenix, about fifty people are present at Harry's hearing. During the hearing, the Minister for Magic sits in the middle of the front row and conducts most of the interrogation, while Percy Weasley (the Junior Undersecretary), acts as stenographer. Other officials seen at the Wizengamot include the Senior Undersecretary to the Minister and the Head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement.[9][4]
Dumbledore had held the position of Chief Warlock of the Wizengamot for about 50 years. He was removed at the beginning of the Order of the Phoenix novel and reinstated at the end. He remained in that post for one year, until his death at the end of Half-Blood Prince.
Other offices
[edit]Other offices include the Magical Law Enforcement Squad, which pursues day-to-day law offences; the Misuse of Muggle Artefacts Office, headed by Perkins, and the job in which the reader first sees Arthur Weasley; and the Detection and Confiscation of Counterfeit Defensive Spells and Protective Objects Office, created by Rufus Scrimgeour in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, into which Mr Weasley is promoted, to be its head.
Department of Magical Accidents and Catastrophes
[edit]The Department of Magical Accidents and Catastrophes is responsible for repairing accidental magical damage in the world of Harry Potter. It is located on the third level of the Ministry of Magic and houses the following offices:
- The Accidental Magic Reversal Squad is a squad of wizards whose job it is to reverse "accidental magic." These accidents are normally caused by young witches and wizards who have not learned to control their magic. They may also be caused by older wizards out of control, or severe, unintentional effects of charms or spells, such as splinching (in Apparition when a wizard or witch is split with one part remaining at the point of origin, and the rest of the wizard at the destination). For instance, two members of the Accidental Magic Reversal Squad were sent out in the Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban book and movie when Harry Potter inflated Aunt Marge; they "deflated" her and erased her memory of the inflation (the memory modification done by Obliviators).
- The Obliviator Headquarters. "Obliviator" is the designation for a Ministry of Magic employee who has the task of modifying the memory of a Muggle who witnesses incidents belonging to the Wizarding world. They are first called so in the sixth volume, although the practice is mentioned in the previous novels: any wizard can modify memories in the Harry Potter books by using the spell "Obliviate". They were sent out in the third book when after they deflated Aunt Marge, they erased her memory of the incident.
- The Muggle-Worthy Excuse Committee explains any major magical accidents to the Muggles by creating a non-magical reason for the accident. For example, Peter Pettigrew killed twelve Muggle bystanders and tore apart the street (so as to reach the sewer pipe and escape) by means of an immense explosion curse during his altercation with Sirius Black. The massive and obvious damage and mortality was explained by the committee as due to a tragic accidental explosion of the gas main.
Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures
[edit]As noted in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures is divided into three divisions: the Beast Division, the Being Division, and the Spirit Division.[10] It is also noted that Hermione began her post-Hogwarts career here before transferring to the Department of Magical Law Enforcement in this office.[11] It is located on the fourth level of the Ministry of Magic.
Department of International Magical Cooperation
[edit]The Department of International Magical Cooperation is an agency that attempts to get wizards from different countries to co-operate in wizarding actions both political and public.[3] This department on the fifth level of the Ministry of Magic includes the headquarters of the International Magical Trading Standards Body, the International Magical Office of Law, and the British seats of the International Confederation of Wizards. The former head was Barty Crouch Sr., until his death. This is also where Percy Weasley began his Ministry career. This department is similar in function to the real-life Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom, and various organs of the United Nations.
Department of Magical Transportation
[edit]The Department of Magical Transportation is responsible for various aspects of magical transport. It is located on the sixth level of the Ministry of Magic and includes the following offices: the Floo Network Authority, responsible for setting up and maintaining the network, and distributing the greenish floo powder; the Broom Regulatory Control, that controls the traffic of broom travel; the Portkey Office, the regulation of Portkeys; and the Apparition Test Centre, that grants licences to witches and wizards so that they can apparate.
Department of Magical Games and Sports
[edit]The Department of Magical Games and Sports organises events like the Quidditch World Cup and the Triwizard Tournament. Ludo Bagman used to be the Head of Department here, but his gambling problem forced him to flee from Goblin creditors. The department is located on the seventh level of the Ministry of Magic, and includes the British and Irish Quidditch League Headquarters, Official Gobstones Club, and the Ludicrous Patents Office – other sports and games-related aspects of the Harry Potter world.
Department of Mysteries
[edit]The Department of Mysteries is a department which studies particular enigmas (death, time, space, thought, and love) and stores copies of prophecies made in the Harry Potter universe. During Voldemort's discriminatory regime, he forces the department to lie and claim that Muggle-borns actually steal magic from Pure-bloods, which makes them "illegal magicals" and allows their arrest.[5]
The rooms at the Department include:
| Name | Contents |
|---|---|
| Brain Room | A tank of green liquid which contains a number of pearly-white brains. When removed from the tank, the brains fling out streamers of thought which can seriously injure someone. |
| Entrance Room | Whenever one of its doors is shut, the room's walls rotate, disorienting its occupants for several seconds. Responds to a verbal request for an exit by opening the correct door. |
| Space Chamber | Magically simulated floating solar system. |
| Death Chamber | There is a pit with a raised, stone dais, on which stands an arch with a tattered black curtain hanging from it. Despite an absence of wind, it continuously flutters slightly, and entrances its viewers. Harry Potter hears faint voices from beyond the veil when he comes near it in the books. It was through this archway that Sirius Black fell and died in Order of the Phoenix. |
| Time Chamber | A room in which various time-related devices are kept, such as clocks and Time-Turners (which can send the user back in time). It also contains a mysterious bell jar, inside which anything will grow steadily younger and younger, and then slowly return to its original age in a never-ending cycle.[1] |
| Hall of Prophecy | Vertical to the door are towering shelves holding thousands of orbs (recordings of prophecies). Whenever an orb breaks, the recorded prophecy it contains is repeated aloud once, after which the recording is useless. Sybill Trelawney's 1980 prophecy of "the boy who would defeat the Dark Lord" is kept in here until the events of Order of the Phoenix in which it was smashed. |
| The Ever-Locked Room (Love Chamber) | According to Dumbledore, behind this door is the most mysterious subject of study in the department: a force "that is at once more wonderful and more terrible than death, than human intelligence, than the forces of nature... It is the power held within that room that Harry possesses in such quantities and which Voldemort has none at all." In Half-Blood Prince, this power was confirmed through a dialogue between Harry and Dumbledore to be love. |
Unspeakables
[edit]The Unspeakables are the group of wizards who work in the Department of Mysteries (their identities classified for security reasons). Known Unspeakables include Broderick Bode, Croaker,[3] and Augustus Rookwood who is a Death Eater.
Ministry officials
[edit]
The following characters are notable Ministry of Magic officials. Yaxley is listed under Death Eaters.
Ludo Bagman
[edit]Ludovic "Ludo" Bagman is a retired professional Quidditch player. He was the head of the Department of Magical Games and Sports. Rowling uses Dumbledore's Pensieve to reveal in Goblet of Fire that Bagman was accused of being a Death Eater about thirteen years before the events of the fourth book because he had given information to recently discovered Death Eater Augustus Rookwood. It is stated that he had believed Rookwood, who was his father's friend, to be beyond suspicion, and that, consequently, he had thought that he was aiding the Ministry by passing the information on to him.
Bagman loves gambling, which got him in financial trouble so severe that he pays some of his creditors with disappearing Leprechaun Gold, after they have gambled on the Quidditch World Cup. After the World Cup final, some goblins corner him in the woods outside the stadium and take all the gold he had on him, which is not enough to cover his debts. To clear his debts with the goblins, Bagman makes a bet on the Triwizard Tournament, of which he is one of the judges. He bets the goblins that Harry would win. He tries to help Harry over the course of the Tournament, giving him a perfect score in the First Task even though he is injured, and offering him advice. Harry and Cedric Diggory end up tying for first place in the tournament, and Bagman does not win the bet as the goblins argue that Bagman was betting Harry would win outright. Bagman runs away after the Third Task of the Tournament. Bagman appears in the Harry Potter: Quidditch World Cup video game as a Quidditch announcer.
Bartemius Crouch Sr.
[edit]Bartemius "Barty" Crouch Sr. was the head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement when Voldemort first came to power. He sent Sirius Black to the wizard prison Azkaban without a trial. Bartemius Crouch appeared to be the favourite to become the next Minister for Magic until his son, Barty Crouch Jr., was caught with the Lestranges, Death Eaters who were assisting Voldemort's rise to power and who had tortured Neville Longbottom's parents into insanity with the Cruciatus Curse. Mr. Crouch gave his son a trial before sending him to Azkaban; however, according to Sirius, the trial was a sham, merely a public demonstration of how much he hated the boy. The public were sympathetic to Crouch Jr., and placed all the blame on Mr. Crouch, accusing him of driving his son to join the Death Eaters because of his parental neglect. After the trial, Crouch lost much of his popularity and any chance he had of becoming Minister of Magic, and he was shunted sideways to a post as the head of the Department of International Magical Cooperation.
About a year after the trial, Crouch's terminally ill wife begged for her son's life to be saved, so Crouch abetted the two in trading appearances using Polyjuice Potion. Mrs. Crouch died as Crouch Jr. in Azkaban, while Crouch Sr. subsequently used the Imperius Curse to keep Crouch Jr. under house arrest. When Bertha Jorkins discovered the truth, Crouch Sr. silenced her with a powerful Memory Charm that permanently damaged her memory.
Shortly thereafter, Voldemort and Peter Pettigrew show up at the Crouch family home, having found out about Crouch Jr. from interrogating Jorkins. Voldemort places Crouch Sr. under the Imperius Curse, freeing Crouch Jr. from the Imperius Curse placed on him by his father, and forces Crouch to continue to appear in public as if there is nothing wrong. While still under the Imperius Curse, Crouch Sr. acts as one of the five judges at the Triwizard Tournament. However, worried that Crouch will fight off the effects of the Imperius Curse, Voldemort later has him imprisoned within his own house and has him communicate exclusively through supervised owl post. Despite this precaution, Crouch manages to break free of the Imperius Curse, and makes his way to Hogwarts, hoping to warn Dumbledore of what is happening, running into Harry and Viktor Krum in the Forbidden Forest. However, while Harry is on his way to summon Dumbledore, he unwittingly alerts Crouch Jr., who is using Polyjuice Potion to impersonate Mad-Eye Moody, to his father's presence. Crouch Jr. immediately goes to the forest, stuns Krum, kills his own father, transfigures the body into a bone, and buries it on the Hogwarts grounds.
Roger Lloyd-Pack appeared as Crouch Sr. in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.
John Dawlish
[edit]John Dawlish is an Auror. He is described as a "tough-looking wizard" with "very short, wiry" grey hair.
In Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Dawlish accompanies Fudge to Hogwarts to confront Harry about the secret Dumbledore's Army meetings. Dawlish is knocked out along with Fudge, Umbridge, and Kingsley when Dumbledore, who takes all the blame for the Army on himself, escapes. A few weeks later, Dawlish is among the wizards who attempt to arrest Hagrid when Umbridge sacks the gamekeeper. Dawlish appears again in Half-Blood Prince guarding Hogwarts after the commencement of the Second War. He is sent to follow Dumbledore when the Headmaster leaves school to search for Voldemort's Horcruxes, but is "regretfully" hexed by the Headmaster. He is Confunded by an Order member early on in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, and gives Death Eater Corban Yaxley false information on Harry's removal from the Dursleys' home. Being Confunded, he is defeated by Dirk Cresswell, who escapes halfway on the way to Azkaban. Later, Dawlish is sent to arrest Augusta Longbottom. After a struggle, her defence places Dawlish in St Mungo's Hospital.
Dawlish's first name is not revealed in the books or films. However, Rowling said in an interview with the podcast "PotterCast" that she named him John, owing to host John Noe's appreciation of the character.[12]
Dawlish is portrayed by Richard Leaf in the film adaptation of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.
Cornelius Fudge
[edit]
Cornelius Fudge is first mentioned in Philosopher's Stone as the Minister for Magic of the United Kingdom. He makes his first appearance in Chamber of Secrets, when he arrives at Hogwarts to take Hagrid to Azkaban. He also removes Dumbledore as Headmaster when pressured by Lucius Malfoy who insisted that all the school governors had voted on it. However, it is not until Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban that Fudge meets Harry for the first time. Fudge does not press charges against Harry for accidentally inflating Aunt Marge, and advises him to be careful because an escaped convict is at large. When Fudge goes for a social drink at the Three Broomsticks pub, he inadvertently tells an unseen Harry that Sirius was James Potter's best friend and was believed to have betrayed the Potters to Voldemort.
His kindly relationship to Harry abruptly changes in Goblet of Fire. When Harry emerges from the Triwizard Tournament's third task after having seen the rebirth of Voldemort, Fudge refuses to believe it. He is worried about the fallout of announcing Voldemort's return, marking the end of the Wizarding world's years of peace, and the sudden outbreak of gloom and terror; hence he decides to merely ignore all of the evidence rather than accept the truth. J. K. Rowling has since stated that Fudge's behaviour mirrors that of Neville Chamberlain in the lead-up to World War II.[13]
In Order of the Phoenix, Fudge orchestrates a vicious smear campaign through the Daily Prophet to present Dumbledore as a senile old fool and Harry as an unstable, attention-seeking liar. He also passes a law allowing him to place Dolores Umbridge, his Senior Undersecretary, as a teacher at Hogwarts. He then appoints Umbridge as Hogwarts' "High Inquisitor", with the power to inspect and fire teachers, and ultimately Dumbledore's successor as Headmaster, which gives her primary control of how Hogwarts is managed. Fudge is concerned that Dumbledore is a threat to his power and that he is planning to train the Hogwarts students to overthrow the Ministry.
After Voldemort appears in the Ministry of Magic at the Battle of the Department of Mysteries, Fudge finally admits that Voldemort has returned. He is ousted by the wizarding community for his failure to announce the return of Voldemort immediately after the Triwizard Competition; for discrediting Harry Potter and Albus Dumbledore; and for installing Dolores Umbridge as Headmistress of Hogwarts. He is replaced by Rufus Scrimgeour, though he stays on as a powerless advisor and messenger to the Prime Minister in Half-Blood Prince. Fudge is portrayed by Robert Hardy in the film series.
Bertha Jorkins
[edit]Bertha Jorkins was a student at Hogwarts at the same time as James Potter. She became a Ministry of Magic employee after leaving Hogwarts. In the summer before the events of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, she was killed by Voldemort. Rowling later revealed that her death was used to turn Nagini, Voldemort's snake, into a Horcrux.
Rufus Scrimgeour
[edit]
Rufus Scrimgeour serves as the Minister for Magic of the United Kingdom from Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince until his death in the following book, succeeding Cornelius Fudge. He is described as looking like an old lion with tawny hair and bushy eyebrows, yellow eyes and wire-rimmed spectacles. Before being selected as minister, Scrimgeour headed the Auror Office of the Ministry and he is heavily battle-scarred from his years of service as an Auror, giving him an appearance of shrewd toughness. As the Minister, he visits the Muggle Prime Minister to inform him about important wizarding events, crucial to internal security.
Scrimgeour was more concerned about the Ministry's reputation than seeing the danger the Death Eaters and Voldemort posed to the wizarding world. He tried to make it look like the Ministry was making progress by covering up breakouts from Azkaban and arresting random suspects such as Stan Shunpike – although later on Shunpike is in fact shown to have joined the Death Eaters, albeit ironically as a direct result of his being arrested in the first place. He also sought to raise the wizarding population's morale by asking Harry, who has been labelled as the "Chosen One", to be seen visiting the Ministry, so that the public would believe that Harry supports the Ministry's actions against Voldemort. Harry also rejects that role, primarily because of his own antagonistic history with the Ministry and because of the Ministry's treatment of Dumbledore.[14]
Scrimgeour makes a short appearance in Deathly Hallows as the executor of Dumbledore's will. Scrimgeour is assassinated shortly after the visit, when the Death Eaters take over the Ministry through a coup. Harry felt a "rush of gratitude" to hear that Scrimgeour, in his final act, attempted to protect Harry by refusing to disclose his location.
Bill Nighy played Scrimgeour in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, in which he is portrayed as Welsh and a more compassionate character.[15]
Pius Thicknesse
[edit]Pius Thicknesse is first introduced in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. He is the Head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement at the start of the book, when he is placed under the Imperius Curse by Corban Yaxley, who uses his position to infiltrate the senior ranks of the Ministry. Thicknesse is described as a man with long hair and a beard, which are mostly black but tinged with some grey, along with a great overhanging forehead and glinting eyes. Harry's immediate impression is of "a crab looking out from beneath a rock."
After the coup in which Scrimgeour is killed, the Ministry comes under the de facto control of Voldemort, who appoints Thicknesse as his puppet Minister. Thicknesse joins the ranks of the Death Eaters for the rest of the book and fights with them at the Battle of Hogwarts, where he duels against Percy Weasley, who resigns mid-duel. Following the end of the battle, the Imperius Curse that was placed upon him is broken. Kingsley Shacklebolt replaces him as interim (later permanent) Minister for Magic. Not much is known about the "real" nature of Thicknesse, as he has been under the control of Yaxley for nearly the entire book.
Guy Henry plays Thicknesse in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2, in which he is depicted as a Death Eater even before Scrimgeour's death. However, it's unknown if he was under the Imperius Curse, or joined out of his own free will. In Part 2, Thicknesse is killed by Voldemort.
Dolores Umbridge
[edit]Dolores Umbridge is a short, squat woman described as resembling a large pale toad, with "short, curly, mouse-brown hair". She speaks with a quiet, childish, high-pitched voice. She has a tendency to speak to people as if they are simpletons or very young children, without having demonstrated any magical abilities to back up her superiority claims. Umbridge becomes the Defence Against the Dark Arts professor during Harry's fifth year. Before that, Umbridge acted as Senior Undersecretary to the Minister of Magic, Cornelius Fudge.
Umbridge demonstrates incredible incompetence by refusing to teach the practical component of the class for political reasons. Fudge later appoints Umbridge as "Hogwarts High Inquisitor", a role which is solely symbolic, as Umbridge is unable to evict a fellow professor from Hogwarts Castle, merely dictating numerous rules and harassing the staff. She also lacks the ability to manufacture a truth potion, and falsely believes that Albus Dumbledore seeks a political coup against Minister for Magic Fudge.
During the events of Deathly Hallows, Umbridge adopts a new title: Head of the "Muggle-Born Registration Commission", from 1997–1998. This Commission conducted unethical trials against "muggle-born" witches and wizards before being disbanded by Interim Minister for Magic Kingsley Shacklebolt.
Rowling has confirmed via the fan site PotterMore that Umbridge is canonically placed in Azkaban, the Wizarding Prison, after the fall of Voldemort's corrupt Ministry. The trial of which, was not seen until "Harry Potter and the battle at the ministry" at Epic Universe. Fans of the Harry Potter series typically detest Umbridge because of her egregious conduct throughout the books and movies.
Percy Weasley
[edit]Percy Weasley is the third son of Arthur and Molly Weasley. In direct contrast to his brothers, he is a stickler for rules and often pompous due to his love of authority, though he does have good intentions at heart. When readers first meet Percy in Philosopher's Stone, he is a Gryffindor prefect, and in Prisoner of Azkaban, he becomes Head Boy. In both these circumstances, he becomes physically attached to his badge, wanting to polish it and wear it even when out of school. Percy is an academically high-performing student. When he finishes school, this academic distinction plus his having served as Head Boy secures him a job in the Ministry in Goblet of Fire. Percy somewhat idolises his immediate supervisor, Barty Crouch Sr. When Crouch is ill, Percy replaces him as a judge in the second Triwizard Tournament task.
In Order of the Phoenix, Percy is promoted to Junior Assistant to Minister Fudge. Since this is an unusually high-ranking position for someone of Percy's age to hold, Arthur suspects that Percy's promotion was not earned but instead given to him to allow the Ministry to better manipulate the Weasleys. Outraged and hurt by the suggestion, Percy violently argues with Arthur, resulting in Percy's subsequent alienation from his family. When Percy learns Ron is made a prefect, he sends him a letter congratulating him for following in his footsteps, and unsuccessfully urges Ron to sever ties with Harry (claiming Harry is an extreme danger to Ron's prefect status), and to pay loyalty to Umbridge and the Ministry – going so far to refer to her as a "delightful woman", much to Harry's and Ron's disgust.
In the climax of Deathly Hallows, Percy returns to his family, manages to make up with all of them, and eventually duels new Minister for Magic and Voldemort puppet Pius Thicknesse in the Battle of Hogwarts. While dueling Thicknesse, Percy announces that he is resigning, the first joke he has made in many years, much to Fred's delight. Percy witnesses the death of his brother Fred at the hands of Augustus Rookwood, and Percy clings to the corpse and shields it from further damage. In the last part of the battle, he and his father work together to defeat Thicknesse.
Percy is portrayed by Chris Rankin in the film series.
Others
[edit]| Character | Background |
|---|---|
| Broderick Bode | A worker in the Department of Mysteries. He is placed under the Imperius Curse by Lucius Malfoy, who seeks to obtain the prophecy concerning Harry and Voldemort. Bode suffers spell damage from his attempt to steal the prophecy and is sent to St Mungo's Hospital; he is subsequently strangled by a potted Devil's Snare plant at Christmas to prevent him from revealing any information about the Death Eaters' plot. |
| Amelia Bones | Head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement. She is the aunt of Susan Bones and the sister of Edgar Bones. During Harry's trial in book 5, Madam Bones expressed admiration for Harry's ability to produce a corporeal Patronus at such a young age; her fair handling of the trial also helped lead to Harry's acquittal. Madam Bones is revealed to have been brutally murdered in the opening chapter of book 6, sometime before the events of it; it is said that Voldemort himself likely killed her, and that she put up a very hard fight in the process. She is portrayed by Sian Thomas in the film adaptation. |
| Reginald Cattermole | Works in Magical Maintenance at the Ministry. Ron impersonates him using Polyjuice Potion in Deathly Hallows. Cattermole is portrayed by Steffan Rhodri in the film adaptation. |
| Dirk Cresswell | Muggle-born Head of the Goblin Liaison Office until Albert Runcorn exposed his falsification of his family tree and caused him to be sent to Azkaban. He escaped, but eventually was killed by Snatchers. |
| Amos Diggory | Father of Cedric Diggory. Works in the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures. Amos constantly boasts of his son's accomplishments and reminds Harry at every opportunity that Cedric beat him at Quidditch. In the film version of Goblet of Fire, he is more amicable and was portrayed by Jeff Rawle. |
| Madam Edgecombe | Works in the Department of Magical Transportation, Floo Network office. She helped Dolores Umbridge to police Hogwarts fireplaces. She is the mother of Marietta Edgecombe, the Ravenclaw who betrayed Dumbledore's Army to Umbridge. |
| Mafalda Hopkirk | Works in the Improper Use of Magic Office in the Ministry, and is responsible for sending out warnings when magic by the underaged is detected. Hermione uses some of her hair to impersonate her and enter the Ministry, and gets close to Umbridge prior to their stealing of Slytherin's locket. Her voice is portrayed by Jessica Stevenson in the film version of Order of the Phoenix, but in Deathly Hallows, she is played physically by Sophie Thompson. |
| Griselda Marchbanks | An elder witch who formerly served on the Wizengamot and was already working for the Wizarding Examinations Authority in Dumbledore's time as a student. Madam Marchbanks remains a vocal supporter of Dumbledore, in defiance of the Ministry's attempts to discredit and arrest him, and resigns her position in protest at his treatment. |
| Bob Ogden | Ogden worked as a Magical Law Enforcer and was Head of the Magical Law Enforcement Squad before he died. |
| Tiberius Ogden | Though never explicitly introduced, Ogden is mentioned several times in the fifth instalment as a staunch ally of Dumbledore in the face of the headmaster's growing unpopularity. As a result, allegations (probably invented) are made against him, claiming he is involved in goblin riots. A member of the Wizengamot until he resigns to show solidarity with Dumbledore. |
| Albert Runcorn | Impersonated by Harry in Deathly Hallows. In the film Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, he is played by David O'Hara. |
| Newt Scamander | A retired Ministry official who worked in the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures. He is the author of the textbook Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. In the Harry Potter spin-off Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, he is played by Eddie Redmayne. |
Reception
[edit]Jennifer Barnett of People's Weekly World stated that the reader is drawn "into the politics of the wizarding world—the 'Educational Decrees' from the toad-like Ministry of Magic representative, the high-level connections of 'war criminals' from the last rise of Voldemort, the prejudice against 'mudbloods' and 'half-breeds,'" and suggested connections "to the world we live in, to the similarities and differences between the Fudge administration and the Bush administration."[16] Julia Turner of Slate Magazine also interpreted Rowling's depiction of the ministration as criticism of the Bush and Blair administrations, suggesting the Ministry's security pamphlet recalls the Operation TIPS (Terrorism Information and Prevention System).[17] University of Tennessee law professor Benjamin Barton notes what he considers to be libertarian aspects of Harry Potter in his paper "Harry Potter and the Half-Crazed Bureaucracy", published in the Michigan Law Review, stating that "Rowling's scathing portrait of government is surprisingly strident and effective. This is partly because her critique works on so many levels: the functions of government, the structure of government, and the bureaucrats who run the show. All three elements work together to depict a Ministry of Magic run by self-interested bureaucrats bent on increasing and protecting their power, often to the detriment of the public at large. In other words, Rowling creates a public-interest scholar's dream—or nightmare—government."[18]
In popular culture
[edit]One of the most influential wizard rock bands is named Ministry of Magic after the government structure in the series. Ministry of Magic has made numerous performances, amongst the most notable of them taking place in Wrockstock.[citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Rowling, J. K. (2005). Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747581088.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (2003). "Luna Lovegood". Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747551006.
- ^ a b c d e Rowling, J. K. (2000). Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Bloomsbury. ISBN 074754624X.
- ^ a b c d Rowling, J. K. (2003). Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747551006.
- ^ a b c Rowling, J. K. (2007). Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Bloomsbury. ISBN 1551929767.
- ^ Brown, Jen (26 July 2007). "Exclusive: Finished 'Potter'? Rowling tells what happens next". Today.NBC "As for his occupation, Harry, along with Ron, is working at the Auror Department at the Ministry of Magic. After all these years, Harry is now the department head."
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (1998). Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747538492.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (1999). Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747542155.
- ^ Vander Ark, Steve (27 December 2000). "The Wizengamot". The Harry Potter Lexicon. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (2001). Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0613325419.
- ^ "Online Chat Transcript". Bloomsbury Publishing. 31 July 2007. Archived from the original on 6 January 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
- ^ Anelli, Melissa, John Noe, Sue Upton (18 December 2007). "PotterCast 130: The One with J. K. Rowling" (Podcast). PotterCast. Retrieved 18 December 2007.
{{cite podcast}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "J. K. Rowling Discusses Inspiration for Minister for Magic and More in New Interview", The Leaky Cauldron, 4 February 2008. Retrieved on 4 February 2008
- ^ Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince; 2005; Chapter 16; Pages 345–347 (American edition).
- ^ "Bill Nighy to star in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows". Newsround. United Kingdom: CBBC. 6 July 2009. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
- ^ Barnett, Jennifer (10 July 2003). "Harry Potter and the irresistible read" Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine. People's Weekly World
- ^ Turner, Julia (20 July 2005). "When Harry Met Osama; Terrorism comes to Hogwarts" Archived 26 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Slate Magazine
- ^ Barton, Benjamin H. (2006). "Harry Potter and the Half-Crazed Bureaucracy" (PDF). Michigan Law Review. 104. Social Science Research Network. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2009. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
External links
[edit]Ministry of Magic
View on GrokipediaHistory
Founding and Early Development
The International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy, enacted in 1692 by the International Confederation of Wizards, mandated that wizards conceal their existence from Muggles to prevent persecution and maintain peace, placing responsibility on each nation's magical governing body to enforce secrecy and handle breaches.[4][5] This shift from open coexistence to enforced isolation necessitated a more formalized administrative structure in Britain, as the existing Wizards' Council—Britain's primary pre-modern magical governing authority, which had handled legislative and judicial matters since at least the 13th century—proved insufficient for the demands of secrecy enforcement, Muggle relations, and internal regulation.[4][6] The British Ministry of Magic was formally established in 1707 as the successor to the Wizards' Council, marking the transition to a centralized executive-led government with Ulick Gamp appointed as the inaugural Minister for Magic, serving from 1707 to 1718.[4] Gamp, formerly Chief Warlock of the Wizengamot (the wizarding high court), oversaw the initial organization amid a fractious wizarding community adapting to post-Secrecy life, including policing accidental magic exposures and mediating disputes with non-human magical beings.[4] Under his leadership, the Department of Magical Law Enforcement was founded to institutionalize policing and judicial functions previously managed ad hoc by the Council.[4] Early development emphasized democratic election of ministers, with terms limited to a maximum of seven years to ensure accountability, though initial priorities focused on stabilizing secrecy protocols and addressing internal threats like goblin rebellions, which tested the nascent bureaucracy's capacity for coordinated response.[4] Subsequent ministers, such as Damocles Rowle (serving post-1718), expanded administrative frameworks to regulate wand use and magical creature classifications, laying groundwork for departments like those for accidents and catastrophes, while navigating tensions between pure-blood traditionalists and those advocating pragmatic Muggle integration policies.[4] This period solidified the Ministry's role as the executive authority, distinct from the Wizengamot's judicial independence, fostering a professional civil service despite resource constraints in its formative years.[4]Involvement in Major Wizarding Conflicts
The Ministry of Magic, established in 1707, has historically engaged in suppressing Goblin Rebellions, a series of uprisings driven by grievances over wizarding discrimination, including wand-use restrictions and lack of political representation for goblins. Notable examples include the 1612 rebellion near Hogsmeade, where goblins used an inn as a headquarters to challenge wizarding authority, and the eighteenth-century revolts beginning in 1752, which involved werewolf alliances and resulted in the dismissal of two Ministers for Magic—Albert Boot (1747–1752) and Basil Flack (1752–1752)—due to ineffective responses; these were quelled only after Basil Flack's successor, Hesphaestus Gore, deployed seasoned Aurors.[7][8] Such conflicts underscored ongoing tensions, with the Ministry prioritizing wizarding control over negotiation, leading to repeated military-style interventions rather than structural reforms.[9] During the First Wizarding War (approximately 1970–1981), the Ministry intensified its Department of Magical Law Enforcement, expanding the Auror Office to counter Lord Voldemort's Death Eaters through aggressive counterinsurgency. Headed by Bartemius Crouch Sr., the department adopted extrajudicial measures, including summary convictions and Azkaban sentences without full trials for suspected dark wizards, which Crouch justified as necessary amid rising atrocities like mass murders and Muggle attacks.[10] This approach, while curbing some threats, eroded due process and fueled internal dissent, exemplified by Crouch's own son's wrongful imprisonment; the war ended with Voldemort's temporary defeat on 31 October 1981, but left the Ministry complacent, reducing Auror numbers from hundreds to dozens by the mid-1990s.[10] In the Second Wizarding War (1995–1998), the Ministry's involvement was marked by initial denialism under Minister Cornelius Fudge, who rejected Harry Potter's and Albus Dumbledore's warnings of Voldemort's 24 June 1995 return, launching a public campaign to discredit them via the Daily Prophet and attempting Dumbledore's arrest.[11] Rufus Scrimgeour's 1 July 1997 appointment shifted to limited cooperation, including Auror deployments against confirmed Death Eater actions, but bureaucratic inertia persisted. The Ministry collapsed on 1 August 1997 when Death Eaters, led by infiltrators under the Imperius Curse on Pius Thicknesse, staged a coup, enabling Voldemort's de facto control; this regime enforced Muggle-born registrations, dissolved the International Confederation of Wizards' influence, and persecuted dissenters until the Battle of Hogwarts on 2 May 1998, after which surviving loyalists aided the Order of the Phoenix.[12] Post-war, Kingsley Shacklebolt's interim leadership purged corrupt elements, highlighting the Ministry's vulnerability to internal subversion and ideological capture.[13]Reforms After the Second Wizarding War
Following the Battle of Hogwarts on 2 May 1998, which marked the end of the Second Wizarding War and the death of Lord Voldemort, Kingsley Shacklebolt, a senior Auror and Order of the Phoenix member, was immediately appointed as caretaker Minister for Magic by the assembled wizarding leadership at Hogwarts. Shacklebolt's initial mandate focused on stabilizing the government after its year-long subjugation under Death Eater control, including the reversal of Voldemort-imposed decrees such as the Muggle-Born Registration Commission and the reinstatement of pre-war regulations on magical education and creature rights. He was subsequently elected to a full term, serving from 1998 onward and overseeing the systematic apprehension of fugitive Death Eaters and sympathizers who had evaded capture during the final confrontation.[4] A pivotal reform targeted Azkaban prison, where Shacklebolt decreed the expulsion of Dementors—creatures that had defected to Voldemort and symbolized the Ministry's prior ethical decay—replacing them with human Auror guards to ensure humane conditions and prevent future alliances with dark forces. This change addressed long-standing criticisms of the Dementors' influence, which had exacerbated prisoner suffering through their soul-draining effects and loyalty to despair rather than justice. Shacklebolt's administration also prioritized purging entrenched corruption within departmental ranks, particularly pure-blood supremacist elements that had facilitated the Ministry's fall in August 1997. Collaborations with key figures, including Harry Potter (who advanced to Head of the Auror Office), Ronald Weasley (an Auror), and Hermione Granger (in Magical Law Enforcement advocating for house-elf and other subjugated rights), facilitated audits and personnel overhauls to diminish bias and inefficiency.[14] These measures collectively transformed the Ministry from a compromised entity into a more accountable institution, though challenges persisted in rebuilding public trust amid war's aftermath. By the early 2000s, the government's focus shifted toward preventive law enforcement and international cooperation, reflecting a reduced immediate threat from dark wizards and a commitment to equitable governance. Shacklebolt's tenure, extending at least into the 2010s, is credited with laying foundations for these systemic improvements, though exact metrics of corruption reduction remain anecdotal due to the opaque nature of wizarding records.[4]Organizational Structure
Relationship to the Muggle World
The Ministry of Magic enforces the International Statute of Wizarding Secrecy, established in 1692, which mandates concealment of the magical world from Muggles to prevent persecution and maintain societal separation.[15] This statute, agreed upon internationally by wizarding representatives, prohibits overt displays of magic in Muggle presence and requires intervention in breaches, with the British Ministry designating specialized units for compliance.[2] Violations trigger memory modification by Obliviators and fabrication of mundane explanations via the Muggle-Worthy Excuse Committee, ensuring incidents like rogue spells or creature escapes are attributed to natural or technological causes.[16] The Department of Magical Accidents and Catastrophes oversees Muggle-related containment efforts, including the Accidental Magic Reversal Squad for reversing unintended magical effects and liaison protocols for minimal, controlled interactions with aware Muggles.[1] While the broader wizarding community views Muggles with varying degrees of disdain or curiosity—rooted in historical conflicts—Ministry policy prioritizes non-interference, prohibiting enchantment of Muggle artifacts or political meddling except in existential threats.[17] No formal diplomatic ties exist beyond necessity, and Muggle technology is generally incompatible with magic, reinforcing isolation.[18] Direct communication occurs solely between the Minister for Magic and the Muggle Prime Minister, facilitated by a enchanted portrait in 10 Downing Street that delivers summonses and briefings on crises, such as the 1995 return of Lord Voldemort or escaped Azkaban Dementors affecting Muggle weather patterns.[2] No Muggle Prime Minister has entered the Ministry, a practice justified by security risks and the disorientation caused by magical environments, as articulated by former Minister Dugald McPhail in the 19th century.[2] During the Muggle Second World War (1939–1945), the Ministry covertly supported Muggle defenses by confounding German pilots and disguising aerial protections as natural fog, while informing the Prime Minister of magical threats without revealing full capabilities.[19] In the Second Wizarding War (1995–1998), heightened breaches necessitated expanded Obliviation operations and coordination with the Muggle government to attribute mass Muggle deaths—such as the 1996 Millennium Bridge collapse—to terrorism, preserving secrecy amid Voldemort's overt attacks.[19] Post-war reforms under Minister Kingsley Shacklebolt emphasized ethical Muggle protections, but the core separation persists, with the Prime Minister remaining the sole high-level Muggle informed for operational continuity.[3] This asymmetrical relationship underscores the Ministry's autonomy, treating Muggle institutions as parallel but uninvolved in wizarding governance.Executive and Administrative Framework
The executive authority of the British Ministry of Magic is vested in the Minister for Magic, the highest-ranking official responsible for directing government operations, enforcing wizarding statutes, and safeguarding the secrecy of the magical community from Muggle awareness. Established upon the Ministry's formal founding in 1707, the role was first filled by Ulick Gamp, with subsequent Ministers numbering 35 as of documented records, each tasked with governing wizarding Britain through policy oversight and crisis management.[2][20] The Minister maintains direct communication with the Muggle Prime Minister, delivering briefings on significant wizarding events or leadership transitions to ensure coordinated non-interference.[1] Ministers are selected through elections among the wizarding population, though the precise mechanisms—such as voter eligibility or campaigning protocols—remain undetailed in primary accounts, with no fixed term length but a requirement for re-election at intervals not exceeding seven years.[20] In practice, the position demands extensive political acumen, as Ministers wield authority to propose new regulations, restructure departments, and respond to threats like dark wizard uprisings, often relying on departmental heads for implementation. Historical examples include Cornelius Fudge's tenure from 1990 to 1996, marked by denial of external dangers, and Rufus Scrimgeour's brief 1996–1997 leadership amid escalating conflict.[17] Administratively, the Minister is supported by a cadre of aides, including the Senior Undersecretary, who handles legislative drafting, public announcements, and operational coordination—roles exemplified by figures like Dolores Umbridge, whose 1995 appointment amplified centralized control. Junior assistants manage daily logistics, such as correspondence and scheduling, while the Minister's office incorporates enchanted portraits of predecessors for advisory input on precedents.[20] This framework operates hierarchically, with the Minister delegating to department directors but retaining ultimate accountability, fostering a bureaucratic model where executive decisions filter through specialized divisions without a formalized cabinet or separate legislative assembly beyond the Wizengamot's judicial oversight. Such structure has drawn critique for inefficiency, as noted in analyses of the Ministry's response to existential threats, prioritizing procedure over agility.[21]Judicial System and Instances of Corruption
The Wizengamot, predating the Ministry of Magic itself, serves as wizarding Britain's high court, handling major legal tribunals while also functioning in a legislative capacity.[22] The body convenes in Courtroom Ten, deep within the Ministry headquarters, where members—typically senior wizards including department heads and recipients of the Order of Merlin—sit in purple robes as both judges and jury, deliberating verdicts by majority vote.[23] Proceedings lack formal lawyers; instead, the accused may nominate a third-party advocate, call witnesses for questioning, or rely on Veritaserum and the Prior Incantato spell for evidence extraction, though these are not always applied consistently.[24] The Chief Warlock, an elected or appointed leader denoting exceptional skill, presides over sessions, maintaining order and guiding deliberations, a role historically held by figures like Albus Dumbledore until political pressures led to his removal in 1995.[23] Instances of corruption or procedural abuse have undermined the system's integrity, particularly during periods of crisis or political expediency. In 1981, amid the First Wizarding War's chaos following the murder of James and Lily Potter, Sirius Black was imprisoned in Azkaban for life without trial or appeal, based on accusations of betrayal and mass murder; Barty Crouch Sr., then head of the Department of Magical Law Enforcement, enacted wartime legislation bypassing standard due process to expedite detentions of suspected Death Eaters, later revealed as a miscarriage of justice when Black's innocence was confirmed in 1993 via eyewitness testimony and lack of forensic evidence.[25] This reflected broader wartime overreach, where fear prioritized swift action over evidentiary rigor, contributing to the wrongful incarceration of at least one other individual, Hagrid, whose expulsion and Azkaban stint in 1943 for alleged Chamber of Secrets involvement similarly lacked full adjudication.[23] Further erosion occurred under Minister Cornelius Fudge's tenure as Chief Warlock. In August 1995, Harry Potter's disciplinary hearing for underage magic use against Dementors was unusually elevated from a minor Improper Use of Magic Office review to a full Wizengamot assembly, signaling intent to intimidate and discredit; Fudge ignored procedural norms by denying witness Mrs. Figg's testimony initially, rejecting Veritaserum, and stacking the venue with biased members, only relenting after Dumbledore's intervention exposed the Ministry's orchestration of the Dementor attack to provoke the incident.[26] This politically motivated trial, aimed at silencing warnings of Voldemort's return, exemplified executive interference, culminating in Dumbledore's ousting from Wizengamot leadership to consolidate Fudge's control.[23] During Voldemort's infiltration in 1997–1998, under Imperiused Minister Pius Thicknesse, the system devolved into kangaroo courts, issuing summary executions and fabricated convictions without defense rights, as seen in the rushed sentencing of Buckbeak and others, highlighting the Wizengamot's vulnerability to authoritarian capture absent robust safeguards.[22]Departments and Operations
Department of Magical Law Enforcement
The Department of Magical Law Enforcement serves as the principal executive branch for maintaining order in the British wizarding community, encompassing investigative, prosecutorial, and judicial functions akin to combined police, courts, and regulatory bodies. Established as the largest Ministry department, it oversees the apprehension of offenders, prosecution of magical crimes, and adjudication through bodies like the Wizengamot, with all other departments reporting to it in matters of legal compliance.[27][28] Founded by Minister Ulick Gamp during his term from 1707 to 1718, the department's creation addressed escalating conflicts between wizards and Muggles following the International Statute of Secrecy in 1692, prioritizing enforcement against breaches of secrecy and dark magic proliferation.[2] Gamp's initiative formalized wizarding policing, which had previously relied on ad hoc measures by the Wizards' Council. By the 20th century, it had expanded to handle wartime threats, with head Barty Crouch Sr. implementing aggressive policies against Death Eaters during the First Wizarding War, including summary trials that convicted dozens, such as 77 convicted in a single day in 1981.[10] Core divisions include the Auror Office, elite investigators trained to combat dark wizards and organized crime, requiring three years of rigorous training post-N.E.W.T.s in subjects like Defense Against the Dark Arts and Potions; recruits like Nymphadora Tonks joined in the 1990s amid rising tensions.[29] The Wizengamot, headquartered in the department's administrative wing with trials in Ministry dungeons, functions as the supreme magical court, comprising around 50 members who deliberate on high-profile cases, including those involving Azkaban sentencing.[22] Additional offices cover improper magic usage—tracking underage or unauthorized spells via devices like the Trace—and detection of counterfeit protective artifacts, reflecting the department's broad mandate to safeguard societal norms.[27] Post-Second Wizarding War reforms under Minister Kingsley Shacklebolt emphasized accountability, with Harry Potter joining the Aurors at age 17 in 1998 and ascending to head the office by 2007 at age 27, streamlining operations depleted by losses like Rufus Scrimgeour, who led Aurors before becoming Minister in 1996.[30] Earlier figures like Bob Ogden exemplified fieldwork, investigating families such as the Gaunts in the early 20th century for Muggle attacks and illegal artifact possession.[31] The department's headquarters on Level Two of the Ministry features open-plan cubicles for Aurors, equipped for case analysis amid persistent threats from residual dark elements.Department of Magical Accidents and Catastrophes
The Department of Magical Accidents and Catastrophes, located on Level Three of the Ministry of Magic headquarters, is tasked with managing and mitigating incidents arising from uncontrolled or unintended magic that risk exposing the wizarding world to Muggles or causing widespread disruption. This includes responding to spells gone awry, magical creature escapes, or environmental magical hazards, ensuring compliance with the International Statute of Secrecy through rapid intervention and cover-up operations.[15] Key subdivisions handle specialized aspects of accident response. The Accidental Magic Reversal Squad focuses on undoing the effects of spontaneous or erroneous magic, particularly from underage wizards lacking full control, such as levitation or transformation incidents; for instance, following Harry Potter's unintentional inflation of his aunt Marge Dursley on 6 August 1993 via a Patronus Charm backlash, the squad tracked and deflated her while administering an antidote to prevent permanent harm.[32] The Obliviator Headquarters employs wizards skilled in Obliviate spells to erase or alter memories of Muggle witnesses to magical events, a critical function for preserving secrecy amid frequent breaches like flying carpets or rogue spells in public spaces.[15] Complementing these, the Muggle-Worthy Excuse Committee fabricates plausible non-magical explanations for visible catastrophes, such as attributing exploding enchanted artifacts to gas leaks or attributing mass memory lapses to industrial accidents, thereby deflecting scrutiny from authorities like the Muggle Prime Minister. Operations intensified during high-risk periods, including the 1994 Quidditch World Cup riots caused by Death Eater activity, where Obliviators modified hundreds of Muggle memories and the Excuse Committee disseminated cover stories of "terrorist vandalism" to affected Irish and Bulgarian campsites. The department's efficacy relies on inter-agency coordination with the Department of Magical Law Enforcement for arrests and the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures for containment, though delays in response—such as during the 1995 denial of Voldemort's return—highlighted bureaucratic vulnerabilities in prioritizing verifiable threats over political expediency. Post-Second Wizarding War reforms under Minister Kingsley Shacklebolt emphasized proactive training for junior staff to reduce accident frequency, drawing from wartime data showing a 40% rise in incidents during 1997–1998 due to societal instability.[2]Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures
The Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures oversees the classification, welfare, concealment, and legal regulation of all magical fauna within the British wizarding community. Established under Minister Grogan Stump in the late 18th century, it enforces statutes to prevent breaches of the International Statute of Secrecy by managing interactions between wizards and creatures, handling complaints, and issuing permits for ownership or breeding.[33][34] The department is structured into three primary divisions: the Beast Division, which regulates non-sentient creatures like dragons, hippogriffs, and acromantulas; the Being Division, responsible for sentient magical beings such as werewolves, giants, and merpeople; and the Spirit Division, dealing with ethereal entities including ghosts, poltergeists, and dementors.[33] Additional sub-offices include the Centaur Liaison Office, Goblin Liaison Office, and offices for other intelligent species, though these often face challenges due to interspecies distrust and failed diplomatic efforts.[35] A core function is the creature classification system, assigning danger ratings from X (competent wizard required) to XXXXX (known wizard killer, impossible to train or domesticate), alongside debates over "beast" versus "being" status that determine rights and representation. Werewolves, for instance, have historically oscillated between divisions, leading to inconsistent policies like mandatory registration under the Werewolf Code of Conduct.[34][36] Notable personnel include Lyall Lupin, a Beast Division specialist who researched werewolf lore in the 1960s, and post-Second Wizarding War, Hermione Granger, who advanced house-elf welfare reforms and goblin rights negotiations during her tenure.[37] The department has faced criticism for enforcement lapses, such as inadequate handling of hippogriff trials and centaur relocations, highlighting tensions between regulatory control and creature autonomy.[38]Department of International Magical Cooperation
The Department of International Magical Cooperation operates as a key division within the British Ministry of Magic, tasked with managing diplomatic relations, trade agreements, and collaborative initiatives among global wizarding communities. Established around 1805, it addresses cross-border magical exchanges to prevent conflicts arising from differing national regulations and practices.[39] This includes standardizing aspects of magical commerce, such as minimum cauldron bottom thickness to ensure equitable trade, and interpreting international wizarding laws for compliance.[40] Under the leadership of Bartemius Crouch Sr., who headed the department from before 1980 until his disappearance in 1995, the office coordinated high-profile events like the Quidditch World Cup and the Triwizard Tournament revival in 1994.[41] [40] Crouch's tenure emphasized strict adherence to protocols, particularly in liaising with foreign delegations from institutions such as Beauxbatons Academy and Durmstrang Institute for the tournament's execution. Percy Weasley joined as an assistant in 1994, handling administrative duties including report preparation on international standards and later advancing to roles involving direct oversight of such matters.[42] The department maintains ties with the International Confederation of Wizards, facilitating discussions on global policies like creature rights and security threats.[40] Its efforts extend to resolving disputes over magical artifacts and spells with varying legal statuses across borders, ensuring British wizards adhere to foreign edicts during travel or joint operations. During periods of heightened tension, such as the return of dark forces in the mid-1990s, the department's role in intelligence sharing with allied ministries proved critical, though bureaucratic delays occasionally hampered responsiveness.[27]Department of Magical Transportation
The Department of Magical Transportation regulates all wizarding methods of travel, including Apparition, Portkeys, the Floo Network, and enchanted vehicles such as flying carpets and broomsticks, to maintain safety, prevent unauthorized breaches of the International Statute of Secrecy, and enforce licensing requirements.[1][43] Located on Level Six of the Ministry of Magic headquarters in Whitehall, London, the department issues licenses for Apparition—requiring wizards to be at least 17 years old and pass a test—to mitigate risks like Splinching, a hazardous incomplete teleportation.[44][43] Key subdivisions include the Apparition Test Centre, which administers practical examinations for Apparition proficiency; the Floo Network Authority, responsible for establishing, monitoring, and regulating the Floo Network—a system enabling travel via fireplace-connected Floo powder, with strict controls on connected hearths to exclude Muggle fireplaces and prevent eavesdropping; and the Portkey Office, which creates and oversees Portkeys, temporary enchanted objects for long-distance transport that must be registered and often scheduled to avoid misuse.[43][45] The department also handles approvals for other conveyances, such as The Knight Bus operated by the Ministry-sanctioned Transport Undersecretary and regulations on broomstick flights limited to 50 miles per hour in residential areas.[43] By 2014, Percy Weasley served as Head of the Department, overseeing operations during high-demand events like the Quidditch World Cup, where Floo Network congestion was attributed to departmental management.[46] The department's role expanded during wartime, with measures to restrict transportation for security, including temporary bans on unregistered Portkeys and monitored Floo connections to counter espionage.[43] Employees, such as Madam Edgecombe in the Floo Network office, have been involved in inter-departmental collaborations, highlighting the unit's integration with broader Ministry security protocols.[47] Fines for violations, like unlicensed Apparition, underscore enforcement, with records indicating penalties issued as recently as departmental logs from the early 2000s.[48]Department of Magical Games and Sports
The Department of Magical Games and Sports, located on Level Seven of the Ministry of Magic headquarters, oversees the regulation and organization of wizarding sports and recreational games, with a primary focus on Quidditch competitions and related events.[49] This includes managing domestic leagues such as the British and Irish Quidditch League and facilitating international tournaments like the Quidditch World Cup.[50] The department also handles approvals for magical sporting equipment and events, extending beyond Quidditch to pastimes like Gobstones, though Quidditch remains the dominant activity under its purview.[51] Established during the tenure of Minister for Magic Basil Flack, a devoted supporter of the Tutshill Tornados Quidditch team, the department formalized the governance of magical athletics amid growing popularity in the 18th century.[2] Flack's initiative addressed the need for structured oversight as Quidditch transitioned from informal village matches to professional leagues, incorporating rules on broomstick standards and match officiating to prevent chaos from unregulated play.[2] Ludovic "Ludo" Bagman, a former professional Quidditch Beater for the Wimbourne Wasps and England national team, headed the department in the mid-1990s.[49] Under his leadership, it coordinated the 1994 Quidditch World Cup held in Dartmoor, England, which drew massive crowds but ended in disarray due to a Death Eater riot that Bagman and his team failed to fully anticipate or contain.[49] Bagman's tenure highlighted internal challenges, including his personal gambling debts to goblins, which compromised his judgment in betting on World Cup outcomes and later Triwizard Tournament tasks, leading to his resignation by mid-1995 amid creditor pursuits.[49] The department collaborated on reviving the Triwizard Tournament in 1994, co-organizing tasks such as the second round involving magical creatures, though Bagman's involvement drew scrutiny for potential biases in scoring and event design.[52] Beyond major events, the department regulates ancillary aspects like the Ludicrous Patents Office, which evaluates novelty inventions for games, such as experimental broom attachments or enchanted game pieces, ensuring they comply with safety and fairness standards derived from historical precedents in Quidditch rule-making.[51] Its role underscores the cultural centrality of competitive sports in wizarding society, where Quidditch matches serve as social unifiers, yet exposes vulnerabilities to external disruptions, as seen in the 1994 incidents that tested the Ministry's preparedness.[50]Department of Mysteries
The Department of Mysteries operates as the most enigmatic division within the Ministry of Magic, focused on probing the fundamental enigmas of magic, including time, death, space, and the nature of prophecy. Its researchers, designated as Unspeakables, conduct experiments and observations in specialized chambers, maintaining absolute secrecy through binding oaths that prohibit disclosure of findings to the wider wizarding community. This veil of confidentiality extends to the department's physical layout, accessible via a black door from the Ministry atrium, leading to a dimly lit entrance hall featuring twelve identical doors, each concealing distinct experimental areas.[53][54] Key chambers include the Hall of Prophecy, a vast repository housing thousands of glowing orbs inscribed with predictions made by Seers, stored on towering shelves and retrievable only by those named in the prophecy. The Death Chamber contains the Veil, an ancient stone archway draped with tattered curtains, through which voices emanate from an unseen realm, widely interpreted as a portal to the afterlife or death itself, though its mechanics remain unelucidated. The Time Room holds unstable Time-Turners and colossal time-measuring devices, site of experiments that precipitated a catastrophic collapse on 18 August 1996, when a shelf of prophecy orbs toppled, destroying hundreds of records. Other areas encompass the Brain Room, exhibiting floating, writhing brains capable of ensnaring minds with invasive thoughts; the Space Chamber, displaying a rotating model of the solar system used to study planetary magical influences; and the Ever-Locked Room, housing an impenetrable door guarding research into love as a potent magical force.[55][54] The department's isolation fosters speculation regarding ethical boundaries in its pursuits, as evidenced by the autonomous, tentacled brains and volatile time artifacts, yet no public records detail oversight mechanisms or incident protocols beyond the 1996 time-room disaster, which required Auror intervention for containment. Unspeakables, identifiable by plain black robes, rarely interact with other Ministry personnel, reinforcing perceptions of the department as a self-contained entity advancing knowledge at the periphery of verifiable magic.[55] A pivotal event occurred on 18 June 1996, when twelve Death Eaters infiltrated the department seeking the prophecy orb concerning Lord Voldemort and Harry Potter, luring the latter via a fabricated vision. This incursion, repelled by members of Dumbledore's Army and the Order of the Phoenix, culminated in the orb's shattering and the public confirmation of Voldemort's return, exposing the department's vulnerabilities despite its wards. The skirmish inflicted structural damage, including to the time devices, and resulted in the death of Sirius Black after contact with the Veil.Notable Officials and Leadership
Ministers for Magic
The office of Minister for Magic, the chief executive of the British Ministry of Magic, was established in 1707 upon the formal creation of the institution, with Ulick Gamp serving as the inaugural holder from 1707 to 1718.[2][56] Ministers are elected by the Wizarding populace for indefinite terms, subject to removal by a vote of no confidence in the Wizengamot or other political pressures, and must coordinate with the Muggle Prime Minister on matters affecting both worlds.[2] Over the centuries, 36 individuals have held the position, with Faris Spavin serving the longest tenure of 38 years from 1865 to 1903.[57] The following table enumerates all known Ministers for Magic, their terms, and key actions or events, drawn from canonical accounts in J.K. Rowling's writings and supplemental materials.[2][56]| Minister | Term | Notable Events or Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Ulick Gamp | 1707–1718 | Founded Department of Magical Law Enforcement; focused on early organizational structure. |
| Damocles Rowle | 1718–1726 | Established Azkaban prison; resigned amid backlash over Muggle-related policies.[56] |
| Perseus Parkinson | 1726–1733 | Advocated anti-Muggle interbreeding legislation; removed by vote.[56] |
| Eldritch Diggory | 1733–1747 | Initiated Auror training program; died in office. |
| Albert Boot | 1747–1752 | Resigned following mishandling of goblin rebellion.[56] |
| Basil Flack | 1752 | Shortest term (two months); resigned during goblin-werewolf conflicts.[56] |
| Hesphaestus Gore | 1752–1770 | Suppressed multiple revolts; strengthened Azkaban security.[56] |
| Maximilian Crowdy | 1770–1781 | Opposed pure-blood extremism; death ruled mysterious.[56] |
| Porteus Knatchbull | 1781–1789 | Muggle Prime Minister correspondence led to latter's resignation.[56] |
| Unctuous Osbert | 1789–1798 | Influenced by pure-blood lobbies; acted as proxy for Malfoy interests.[56] |
| Artemisia Lufkin | 1798–1811 | First female Minister; created Department of International Magical Cooperation. |
| Grogan Stump | 1811–1819 | Classified magical beings; reorganized creature regulation.[56] |
| Josephina Flint | 1819–1827 | Exhibited anti-Muggle prejudices; opposed technological integrations.[56] |
| Ottaline Gambol | 1827–1835 | Introduced Hogwarts Express for student transport. |
| Rodolphus Lestrange | 1835–1841 | Attempted to shutter Department of Mysteries; resigned due to illness.[56] |
| Hortensia Milliphutt | 1841–1849 | Passed excessive regulatory laws, including on wizard hats.[56] |
| Evangeline Orpington | 1849–1855 | Developed concealed platforms at King's Cross Station.[56] |
| Priscilla Dupont | 1855–1858 | Resigned after failing to curb Muggle-baiting by wizards.[56] |
| Dugald McPhail | 1858–1865 | Founded the Knight Bus service. |
| Faris Spavin | 1865–1903 | Longest-serving; survived assassination attempt by Muggle protectionists.[2] |
| Venusia Crickerly | 1903–1912 | Died in office from Mandrake restocking accident.[56] |
| Archer Evermonde | 1912–1923 | Enforced non-intervention in World War I.[56] |
| Lorcan McLaird | 1923–1925 | Ousted for abrasive communication with Wizengamot.[56] |
| Hector Fawley | 1925–1939 | Removed for downplaying Grindelwald threat.[56] |
| Leonard Spencer-Moon | 1939–1948 | Oversaw wizarding responses to World War II. |
| Wilhelmina Tuft | 1948–1959 | Died from experimental sweet allergy.[56] |
| Ignatius Tuft | 1959–1962 | Expelled Dementors from Azkaban against advice; ousted.[56] |
| Nobby Leach | 1962–1968 | First Muggle-born; resigned citing severe illness. |
| Eugenia Jenkins | 1968–1975 | Displaced amid rising dark wizard activity.[56] |
| Harold Minchum | 1975–1980 | Bolstered Azkaban guards; ineffective against Voldemort. |
| Millicent Bagnold | 1980–1990 | Managed First Wizarding War; awarded Order of Merlin post-Voldemort's fall. |
| Cornelius Fudge | 1990–1996 | Denied Voldemort's return; authorized smear campaigns; dismissed by Wizengamot.[58] |
| Rufus Scrimgeour | 1996–1997 | Restructured Auror Office; assassinated by Death Eaters. |
| Pius Thicknesse | 1997–1998 | Installed under Imperius Curse by Death Eaters; term expunged from records. |
| Kingsley Shacklebolt | 1998–2019 | Interim appointment post-Battle of Hogwarts; purged corruption, integrated house-elves.[59] |
| Hermione Granger | 2019–present | Elected; advanced Muggle-born rights and Ministry reforms. |
