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Shakedown Street
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| Shakedown Street | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studio album by | ||||
| Released | November 8, 1978 | |||
| Recorded | July 31–August 18, 1978 | |||
| Studio | Club Le Front, except "Serengetti", Meta Tantay, Carlin, Nevada | |||
| Genre | ||||
| Length | 39:04 | |||
| Label | Arista | |||
| Producer | Lowell George | |||
| Grateful Dead chronology | ||||
| ||||
| Singles from Shakedown Street | ||||
| ||||
| Review scores | |
|---|---|
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic | |
| Christgau's Record Guide | C[2] |
| Rolling Stone | Mixed[3] |
Shakedown Street is the tenth studio album (fifteenth overall) by rock band the Grateful Dead, released November 8, 1978, on Arista Records.[4][5] The album came just over a year after previous studio album Terrapin Station. It was the final album for Keith and Donna Jean Godchaux, who left the band a few months after its release. The record was produced by Lowell George (of Little Feat) and John Kahn.
Recording
[edit]Toward the end of the Grateful Dead's 1974–1976 hiatus, they rented a Front Street warehouse in San Rafael. In 1977, when lead guitarist Jerry Garcia was rehearsing with the Jerry Garcia Band for the recording of Cats Under the Stars, they decided to capture the sound of the room, installing studio recording equipment. The rehearsal/storage space was then convenient for recording Shakedown Street, as lobbied for by Garcia.[6] The Dead again worked with an outside producer, but this time they sought a fellow and respected musician. Drummer Bill Kreutzmann said "We didn't want to work with Keith Olsen again, but we had to keep our promise to Clive Davis and have someone in the producer's chair – so we hired Little Feat's Lowell George."[7]
Drummer-percussionist Mickey Hart exerted greater influence than previously, earning three co-compositional credits in addition to assisting with the arrangements of several songs, including Garcia/Hunter's title track (influenced by his interest in the Bee Gees and disco).[8] As with the previous album's "Terrapin Flyer", Hart and Kreutzmann wrote a percussion-based instrumental track ("Serengetti"), recording it at the compound of Rolling Thunder, in Nevada. Hart's reggae-informed "Fire on the Mountain", with lyrics by Garcia's writing partner Robert Hunter, evolved from "Happiness is Drumming", which appeared on his Diga Rhythm Band's 1976 album. Although an attempt to record the song for Terrapin Station proved to be unsuccessful, it rapidly evolved into one of the band's principal jamming vehicles (often paired with Garcia's "Scarlet Begonias") during their spring 1977 tour. Hart and Hunter's "France" was sung by Donna Godchaux and rhythm guitarist Bob Weir, who devised the final arrangement and earned a compositional credit.[8] Donna made her second, and final, singing-songwriting performance on a Dead studio album with "From the Heart of Me". (In between her two contributions, she also wrote and sang "Rain" on Cats Under the Stars.)
"Stagger Lee" is an original Garcia/Hunter composition based on the oft-covered folk song.[9] The duo also contributed the torch song "If I Had the World to Give," an atypical work in their oeuvre. According to Hunter, "Jerry and I sat down and on a lark decided to write a romantic song, just for the heck of it. We were feeling sensitive because someone said 'Oh you write songs about guys for guys.' Something that would sound good in an old '50s cocktail lounge – that was the idea."[8]
Contrasting with disco, California soft rock and ballads were the songs brought by Weir. Written with lyricist John Perry Barlow, "I Need a Miracle" is a rave-up rocker featuring his longtime friend and Kingfish bandmate Matthew Kelly on harmonica. Two Weir-sung covers – Noah Lewis's "All New Minglewood Blues" and the Young Rascals' "Good Lovin'" – originally dated from the first years of the band (the latter previously sung by Ron "Pigpen" McKernan) but were presented in more contemporary arrangements. George would take "Six Feet of Snow," a collaboration with Keith Godchaux, to his next Little Feat album, Down on the Farm.
With studio sessions uncompleted, the Grateful Dead made three concert appearances. To help pay for the opportunity to play three dates in front of the Great Sphinx of Giza and bring a large entourage to Egypt, they performed two concerts at Red Rocks and one at Giants Stadium. The shows gave them the opportunity to test five of the songs in front of audiences and work on the arrangements (see also Rocking the Cradle: Egypt 1978). Concerned with finishing the album in time for a US fall tour, the Dead then cancelled concerts scheduled for the UK that were to follow Egypt concurrent with returning borrowed equipment to the Who. With Lowell George no longer available, the album was finished with Jerry Garcia Band bassist John Kahn producing and taking over the organ seat for the troubled Godchaux.[10][11] George died just months after the album's release.
Release
[edit]The album cover art is by underground comix artist Gilbert Shelton. The front cover features the cartoonist's reimagining of the San Rafael warehouse district where the band had their practice and storage facility.[12] Characters in the illustration resemble those from Shelton's The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers. The back cover features the "Invisible Pimp", Shelton's character in a green zoot suit, twirling the fob of his watch chain and finger snapping. Sometimes called the "Doo-Dah Man" (after a lyric in "Truckin'"), it was originally drawn as a skeleton, but then rendered bodyless, except for smiling teeth and a pair of eyes.[13] It became one of the many icons associated with the Grateful Dead, appearing in all manner of official and fan-produced art.
At the height of punk rock's California-centric second wave, the Grateful Dead were perceived by critics as having gone out of touch and abandoning their experimental edge by producing an album informed by disco and softer rock.[14] Disco dominated the charts in the year following the massive success of Saturday Night Fever, but the dance-floor rhythms and production standards of the genre were seen as antithetical to traditional rock by many fans who viewed such changes in style as trend-following and mainstream-baiting. Fans were uneasy with what they sensed was a sell-out attempt, though ultimately the band's crucial live performances continued on their own organic trajectory as the new songs entered set list rotation.[11] According to Kreutzmann, "Deadheads refer to this album, and even this era, as Disco Dead. I can see why. ... Given the material and the producer, Shakedown Street just wasn’t as good as it should have been."[7] However, Hart has been forthright about the collusion between band and label to make a commercial-sounding album: "We were trying to sell out – 'Oh, let's make a single and get on the radio'. Sure. We failed miserably once again. I mean, we could never sell out even if we tried, and we tried".[8] Although it ultimately attained a RIAA gold certification in 1987, the album was the band's first studio effort since Aoxomoxoa to fail to enter the Billboard Top 40, only peaking at #41 during a nineteen-week chart stay.[15][16]
"Lowell played good guitar, but he was no producer – certainly not for the Grateful Dead"
Comparatively few of the album's songs can technically be considered disco – chiefly the title track, which features the four-on-the-floor beat, chicken-scratch guitar, syncopated bass and off-beat, lift-and-close hi-hat that were hallmarks of the genre. Other songs have the Latin syncopation and production sheen associated with the style, but rely on rock arrangements and guitar-based instrumentation, lacking the synthesizers and horn sections favored by disco. The larger stylistic change from the previous studio album was the move toward polyrhythmic backing and steelpan and cross-beat drumming,[18] centered on Hart, and the increase in soft rock or ballad tracks. Donna Godchaux called the light and bouncy tone of the album "almost tongue-in-cheek".[8]
The week of the album's release, the Grateful Dead appeared on Saturday Night Live at the behest of Al Franken and Tom Davis. Their first of two appearances on the show, it was also their first time on a major network broadcast. They performed twice, playing "Casey Jones" and "I Need a Miracle>Good Lovin'" (the former was released on SNL25, The Musical Performances, Volume 1).
Two singles were released from the album. "Good Lovin'" (b/w "Stagger Lee") is an edited version, with one verse excised and an early fade-out. It was followed by "Shakedown Street" (b/w "France"), in an edited version that excises a verse, a chorus, and a guitar solo.
The new arrangement of "New Minglewood Blues" had been in live rotation for two years and that of "Good Lovin'" for more than one year. Both remained in the group's rotation for the duration of their career, along with "Shakedown Street", "I Need a Miracle", "Stagger Lee" and "Fire on the Mountain". After just three performances, "If I Had the World to Give" was dropped by the end of 1978 due to its challenging vocal range. "From the Heart of Me" was performed for the rest of Godchaux's tenure. "France" and "Serengetti" were never performed live.
By the late 1980s, the name "Shakedown Street" was co-opted by Deadheads as an ironic name for the midway-like area for vending, performance and socializing that would appear in parking lots and locales adjacent to concert venues, set up by those following Grateful Dead concert tours.[7]
Shakedown Street was released on CD in 1987.[4] It was remastered and expanded for the Beyond Description box set in October 2004. This version was separately released March 7, 2006, by Rhino Records.
Track listing
[edit]| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Good Lovin'" | Bob Weir | 4:51 | |
| 2. | "France" |
|
| 4:03 |
| 3. | "Shakedown Street" |
| Garcia | 4:59 |
| 4. | "Serengetti" |
| instrumental | 1:59 |
| 5. | "Fire on the Mountain" |
| Garcia | 3:46 |
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "I Need a Miracle" |
| Weir | 3:36 |
| 2. | "From the Heart of Me" | D. Godchaux | D. Godchaux | 3:23 |
| 3. | "Stagger Lee" |
| Garcia | 3:25 |
| 4. | "All New Minglewood Blues" | Noah Lewis | Weir | 4:12 |
| 5. | "If I Had the World to Give" |
| Garcia | 4:50 |
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11. | "Good Lovin'" (outtake) |
| Lowell George | 4:56 |
| 12. | "Ollin Arageed" (live in Giza, Egypt, September 16, 1978[a]) | Hamza El Din | 6:30 | |
| 13. | "Fire on the Mountain" (live in Giza, Egypt, September 16, 1978[b]) |
| 13:43 | |
| 14. | "Stagger Lee" (live in Giza, Egypt, September 15, 1978[b]) |
| 6:39 | |
| 15. | "All New Minglewood Blues" (live at Capitol Theatre, Passaic, New Jersey, November 24, 1978[c]) | Lewis | 4:34 |
Notes
- ^ Edited performance by Hamza El Din, both solo and backed by the Grateful Dead. A different edit of the track appears on Rocking the Cradle, with more from this date
- ^ a b Also appears on Rocking the Cradle, with more from this date
- ^ Another track from this date appears on the DVD accompanying "Grateful Dead Scrapbook (Deluxe)" by Ben Fong-Torres (Chronicle Books; 2009)
Personnel
[edit]|
Grateful Dead
Additional musicians
Technical personnel
|
Reissue personnel
|
Charts
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Erelwine, Stephen Thomas. "Shakedown Street". AllMusic. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
- ^ Christgau, Robert (1981). "Consumer Guide '70s: G". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. ISBN 089919026X. Retrieved February 24, 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
- ^ Von Tersch, Gary (March 8, 1979). Shakedown Street, Rolling Stone
- ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Shakedown Street review". Allmusic. All Media Guide, LLC. Retrieved February 3, 2007.
- ^ a b "RIAA Gold & Platinum database-Shakedown Street". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
- ^ Jackson, Blair (1999). Garcia: An American Life. Penguin Books; New York, NY. p. 294. ISBN 0140291997.
- ^ a b c Kreutzmann, Bill (2015). Deal. St. Martin's Press, New York, NY. Chapter 16. ISBN 978-1-250-03380-2.
- ^ a b c d e Beyond Description; Rhino Records, 2004. Liner Notes: Rip Rense
- ^ "Stagger Lee". Dead disc. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
- ^ "Shakedown Street". Dead Disc. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
- ^ a b Jackson, Blair (1999). Garcia: An American Life. Penguin Books; New York, NY. Chap. 15. ISBN 0140291997.
- ^ Lesh, Phil (2005). Searching for the Sound. Little, Brown & Co.; New York, NY. Chapter 19. ISBN 978-0-316-00998-0.
- ^ "Grateful Dead Album, Shakedown Street, 1978". Live Auctioneers. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
- ^ Jackson, Blair (1999). Garcia: An American Life. Penguin Books; New York, NY. p. 289. ISBN 0140291997.
- ^ "Grateful Dead - Chart history - Billboard". www.billboard.com.
- ^ "Gold & Platinum - RIAA". riaa.com.
- ^ Jackson, Blair; Gans, David (2015). This is All a Dream We Dreamed. Flatiron Books. New York, NY. p. 269. ISBN 978-1250058560.
- ^ Sclafani, Tony (2013). The Grateful Dead FAQ. Backbeat Books. Milwaukee, WI. Chapter 12. ISBN 978-1617130861.
- ^ "The Grateful Dead: A Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
Shakedown Street
View on GrokipediaBackground
Album development
Following the release of their 1975 album Blues for Allah, the Grateful Dead navigated a period of transition marked by internal band dynamics and evolving musical priorities. Keyboardist Keith Godchaux joined the group on October 19, 1971, following late-September rehearsals, introduced through his wife Donna Jean, who first appeared onstage on New Year's Eve 1971 and was officially integrated by early 1972, adding gospel-inflected harmonies to the band's sound. However, by the late 1970s, substance abuse issues involving Keith and Donna contributed to growing tensions within the lineup, culminating in their departure shortly after the release of Shakedown Street in November 1978.[7][8][9] The album was conceived in early 1978, a time when the rock landscape was rapidly shifting under the influence of punk's raw energy and disco's commercial dominance, both of which posed challenges to the Grateful Dead's established jam-band aesthetic and live-oriented identity. This external pressure prompted the band to seek a fresh approach for their tenth studio effort, aiming to balance their improvisational roots with more structured, accessible production.[10][11] Dissatisfaction with the overly polished and meandering results of their previous self-produced album Terrapin Station (1977), which featured orchestral arrangements and lacked rhythmic cohesion, led the band to hire external producer Lowell George of Little Feat. George was selected for his ability to maintain a tight groove and prevent the sessions from "wandering off into left field," as guitarist Jerry Garcia described, providing the discipline the Dead felt they needed after years of internal production control.[12][10] Throughout the summer of 1978, the band tested much of the new material in live settings during their extensive touring schedule, refining songs before committing to studio recordings at their Club Front facility in San Rafael, California, with rehearsals documented as early as August. This process extended into their historic September 1978 tour of Egypt, where performances at the Giza Pyramids allowed further road-testing of tracks like the title song, which had debuted live just weeks earlier on August 31; Garcia noted during the tour that elements of the ongoing album were being previewed in these exotic settings to gauge audience response.[13][14]Songwriting and influences
The title track "Shakedown Street" emerged from the longstanding collaboration between guitarist Jerry Garcia, who composed the music, and lyricist Robert Hunter, who penned the words. Hunter drew inspiration from urban decay and economic hardship in American cities during the late 1970s, depicting a gritty neighborhood as a place of hidden vitality and opportunity rather than despair, serving as a retort to cynicism about modern life.[3][15] The song's groove incorporates reggae rhythms and funk basslines, creating a laid-back yet danceable feel that reflected Garcia's interest in world music and R&B traditions.[16] Bob Weir contributed "I Need a Miracle," co-written with lyricist John Perry Barlow, as a high-energy rocker infused with disco-inspired beats and pulsating rhythms to attract a wider audience amid the era's dance music trends. The track's urgent lyrics explore themes of desperation and redemption, set against Weir's forceful vocal delivery and a tight, groove-oriented arrangement that contrasted the band's typical improvisational style.[10][11] The album features a cover of "Good Lovin'," originally by The Young Rascals, which the band adapted into a lively, uptempo number emphasizing call-and-response vocals and rhythmic drive, while live versions from the period often extended into communal jams that highlighted the group's improvisational strengths. Similarly, "France," with music by Mickey Hart and Bob Weir and lyrics by Hunter, evokes the romance and exuberance of European nightlife, drawing from the band's tour experiences in Europe.[17][18] Overall, Shakedown Street's songwriting reflects a deliberate fusion of jazz improvisation, roots rock, funk grooves, and nascent disco elements, as the Grateful Dead aimed to evolve their sound in response to the punk rock movement's raw minimalism and the broader shift toward danceable pop in late-1970s music. Songs like these were refined through live performances in 1977 and 1978, where audiences' energy shaped their extended, jam-heavy incarnations.[10][16]Recording
Studio sessions
The primary recording sessions for Shakedown Street took place at the Grateful Dead's Club Le Front studio in San Rafael, California, from July 31 to August 18, 1978. This space, originally the band's equipment warehouse on Front Street, had been converted into a recording facility and was selected for its intimate, non-traditional vibe that mirrored the communal and improvisatory nature of their live performances, allowing for a comfortable and acoustically favorable environment.[19][20][21] Produced by Lowell George of Little Feat, the sessions emphasized the band's improvisational style, which frequently resulted in extended takes as musicians jammed and refined ideas on the spot. Mickey Hart's active role in the rhythm section further drove rhythmic experimentation, incorporating layered percussion elements that added depth to the album's grooves.[10][22] However, the process faced logistical challenges due to heavy substance use, including cocaine and brandy, creating a debauched and unfocused atmosphere that complicated progress. Initial tracking wrapped in the summer of 1978, with final mixing sessions occurring in October at Club Front to complete the album ahead of its release.[10][23]Production techniques
Lowell George, known for his work with Little Feat, served as the primary producer for Shakedown Street, bringing a focus on tighter, more structured arrangements to the Grateful Dead's typically improvisational style. He acted as a de facto band member during sessions, contributing guitar parts and guiding the ensemble toward a blend of roots rock and R&B elements, which helped refine the band's sound for commercial appeal while preserving their jam-oriented ethos. George was later replaced by bassist John Kahn for mixing due to scheduling conflicts.[10] The album was recorded at Club Le Front in San Rafael, California, a converted tin-roofed warehouse originally used as a rehearsal space, featuring a spacious live room with a wooden floor over concrete to capture the band's natural energy and interplay. This setup allowed for flexible acoustic adjustments using scaffolding, blankets, and curtains, minimizing isolation and promoting an organic recording process with limited overdubs on most tracks to retain the live jam feel. However, the disco-influenced "I Need a Miracle" incorporated additional layers, including string and horn overdubs arranged by John Kahn, reflecting Mickey Hart's fascination with contemporary rhythms like those of the Bee Gees.[24][10] Mixing took place at the same facility using an MCI console, which enabled precise balancing of Jerry Garcia's expressive guitar leads against Bob Weir's rhythmic foundations, while avoiding heavy effects processing to emphasize the album's raw, communal vibe. The console's capabilities supported subtle automation for dynamic control, ensuring the horns—featured prominently on the title track and arranged by Kahn—integrated seamlessly without overpowering the core instrumentation.[24] A key innovation came from Mickey Hart's expanded role in percussion, drawing from his global music explorations, particularly the 1978 Egypt tour following the main sessions. Hart co-wrote three tracks and layered exotic percussion elements, such as those heard in the instrumental "Serengetting," recorded separately by his MERT ensemble in Nevada using field techniques inspired by non-Western traditions encountered in Egypt. These additions introduced polyrhythmic textures via Keith Godchaux's keyboards, enriching the album's sonic palette with subtle percussive depth.[10][25]Release
Packaging and artwork
The cover art for Shakedown Street was illustrated by underground cartoonist Gilbert Shelton, known for his work in underground comix such as The Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers.[26] The front cover depicts the Grateful Dead's signature dancing bears in a vibrant, surreal street scene, with the anthropomorphic characters grooving amid colorful cars, buildings, and urban elements that evoke a lively countercultural marketplace, directly tying into the album's title referencing informal vending areas at the band's concerts.[27] This whimsical yet gritty portrayal captures the 1970s psychedelic aesthetic, blending cartoonish fantasy with an urban theme inspired by the band's surroundings during recording.[28] The inner sleeve and label designs feature additional psychedelic illustrations consistent with the era's counterculture vibe, including stylized graphics and the iconic green-suited "Shakedown Street Ghost" on the back cover, a smiling figure symbolizing the album's energetic spirit.[26] The original vinyl release was packaged in a gatefold sleeve by Arista Records under catalog number AB 4198, containing printed lyrics on the inner spread alongside production credits and band photography.[29][30] The artwork extended to marketing materials, with Shelton's cover design adapted for promotional posters distributed by Arista Records to support the Grateful Dead's 1978-1979 tours, including record store displays that highlighted the album's release on November 15, 1978.[31][32] These posters replicated the surreal street scene to promote live performances and build anticipation around the album's themes.[33]Promotion and distribution
Shakedown Street was released on November 15, 1978, by Arista Records as the Grateful Dead's second album with the label, following their 1977 effort Terrapin Station.[25] The rollout emphasized a U.S.-centric strategy, with initial distribution focused on domestic markets through Arista's established network, though international efforts were limited; planned UK tour dates were postponed to allow completion of the album, resulting in a delayed European presence.[10] The album's singles rollout began with "Good Lovin'" backed with "Stagger Lee," issued in November 1978 to coincide with the LP's launch, aiming to capitalize on the track's upbeat, R&B-inflected energy for radio play.[34] A promotional single featuring two versions of the title track "Shakedown Street" was also distributed to stations, highlighting its disco-tinged groove to appeal to broader audiences amid the era's dance music trends.[25] This was followed in 1979 by a commercial single of "Shakedown Street" backed with "France," extending the push for airplay.[35] Promotion tied closely to the band's late 1978 U.S. tour, including shows at Winterland Arena in San Francisco and East Coast venues like the Capitol Theatre in Passaic, New Jersey, where new material from the album debuted live to build momentum.[5] The Grateful Dead bolstered visibility with a performance on Saturday Night Live during the release week, showcasing "I Need a Miracle" and "Good Lovin'" alongside a classic "Casey Jones" to target television audiences.[10] Marketing efforts spotlighted producer Lowell George's involvement, leveraging his Little Feat credentials to draw rock listeners, while advertisements in publications like Rolling Stone referenced the band's recent Egypt tour—where they performed in September 1978 at the Giza Pyramids—as an exotic hook tying into the album's global-spirited themes.[16]Content
Track listing
All tracks are written by Jerry Garcia and Robert Hunter, except where noted.| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Good Lovin'" | Rudy Clark, Arthur Resnick | 4:18 |
| 2. | "France on a Hustle" | Mickey Hart, Robert Hunter | 6:20 |
| 3. | "Shakedown Street" | Bob Weir, Robert Hunter | 5:22 |
| 4. | "Rubin and Cherise" | J. Garcia, R. Hunter | 5:18 |
| 5. | "I Need a Miracle" | B. Weir, J.P. Barlow | 3:54 |
| 6. | "New Minglewood Blues" | traditional, arr. Grateful Dead | 3:41 |
| 7. | "Bertha" | J. Garcia, R. Hunter | 5:27 |
| 8. | "Lazy Lightnin' / Supplication" | B. Weir, B. Robinson, J.P. Barlow | 7:30 |
