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Tigers in India
Tigers in India constituted more than 75% of the global tiger population as of 2025. India operates 58 tiger reserves. Tigers are the national animal there.
India is one of the founding members of the intergovernmental platform of Tiger Range Countries – Global Tiger Forum. With a global share of 17% of the human population and 18% of the livestock population inhabiting 2.4% of the world's land, India has conserved the world's largest population of free range wild tigers, combatting a century of decline. Initiatives in the form of amendments to the Wildlife Protection Act created the "National Tiger Conservation Authority", delineated Core Areas in Tiger Reserves and incentivised voluntary relocation programs, among many that are critical in protecting tiger populations, biodiversity, and ecosystem services of their inhabitat.
The Project Tiger Division under Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is dedicated to conservation efforts. In 2022, the 54th tiger reserve in India was declared in Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, the state's fourth tiger reserve.
Tigers are present in multiple Indian landscapes. Some have a rich and viable population with adequate habitat. Others are prone to human interference, but retain the potential to support their tiger population. Still other habitats with a once thriving tiger population later disappeared. As of 2020, it waas estimated that nearly 30% of the tiger population lives outside the Tiger Reserves. India achieved its target of doubling its population (TX2) ahead of its committed time-frame. Tiger habitat increased by 30% between 2006 and 2018 to about 138,200 km2 (53,400 sq mi), mainly by controlling poaching, extending protected areas, fostering coexistence in multi-use areas, and offering economic incentives to local people.
In India, tigers are known by various names in different languages:
The Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is the species found across most of the country except in Thar Desert, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Kutch regions). They have the largest bodies among the Felidae family, and are also called Royal Bengal Tigers. Hides measuring up to 4 meters are recorded. From nose to tip of the tail, they can measure up to 3 meters and weigh up to 280 kilograms, with males heavier than females. Their life expectancy is about 15 years. However, they can survive for up to 20 years in the wild. They are solitary and territorial.
Tigers in India usually hunt chital (Axis axis), sambar (Cervus unicolor), barasingha (Cervus duvacelii), wild buffalo (Bubalis arnee) nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and gaur (Bos gaurus) and other animals such as the wild pig (Sus scrofa) and even other predators such as leopards and bears. Elephant calves (Elephas maximus) may be prey.
The tiger is estimated to have been present in India since the Late Pleistocene, 12,000 to 16,500 years ago. Tigers are found in 20 Indian states occupying habitats including grasslands, mangrove swamps, tropical and sub-tropical forests, as well as shola forest systems and from plains to mountains over 6000 feet.
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Tigers in India
Tigers in India constituted more than 75% of the global tiger population as of 2025. India operates 58 tiger reserves. Tigers are the national animal there.
India is one of the founding members of the intergovernmental platform of Tiger Range Countries – Global Tiger Forum. With a global share of 17% of the human population and 18% of the livestock population inhabiting 2.4% of the world's land, India has conserved the world's largest population of free range wild tigers, combatting a century of decline. Initiatives in the form of amendments to the Wildlife Protection Act created the "National Tiger Conservation Authority", delineated Core Areas in Tiger Reserves and incentivised voluntary relocation programs, among many that are critical in protecting tiger populations, biodiversity, and ecosystem services of their inhabitat.
The Project Tiger Division under Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change is dedicated to conservation efforts. In 2022, the 54th tiger reserve in India was declared in Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary, in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, the state's fourth tiger reserve.
Tigers are present in multiple Indian landscapes. Some have a rich and viable population with adequate habitat. Others are prone to human interference, but retain the potential to support their tiger population. Still other habitats with a once thriving tiger population later disappeared. As of 2020, it waas estimated that nearly 30% of the tiger population lives outside the Tiger Reserves. India achieved its target of doubling its population (TX2) ahead of its committed time-frame. Tiger habitat increased by 30% between 2006 and 2018 to about 138,200 km2 (53,400 sq mi), mainly by controlling poaching, extending protected areas, fostering coexistence in multi-use areas, and offering economic incentives to local people.
In India, tigers are known by various names in different languages:
The Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is the species found across most of the country except in Thar Desert, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Kutch regions). They have the largest bodies among the Felidae family, and are also called Royal Bengal Tigers. Hides measuring up to 4 meters are recorded. From nose to tip of the tail, they can measure up to 3 meters and weigh up to 280 kilograms, with males heavier than females. Their life expectancy is about 15 years. However, they can survive for up to 20 years in the wild. They are solitary and territorial.
Tigers in India usually hunt chital (Axis axis), sambar (Cervus unicolor), barasingha (Cervus duvacelii), wild buffalo (Bubalis arnee) nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and gaur (Bos gaurus) and other animals such as the wild pig (Sus scrofa) and even other predators such as leopards and bears. Elephant calves (Elephas maximus) may be prey.
The tiger is estimated to have been present in India since the Late Pleistocene, 12,000 to 16,500 years ago. Tigers are found in 20 Indian states occupying habitats including grasslands, mangrove swamps, tropical and sub-tropical forests, as well as shola forest systems and from plains to mountains over 6000 feet.