Events in 1895 in animation .
August 28 : Release of the film The Execution of Mary Stuart Alfred Clark . It is the first known film to use special effects , specifically the stop trick . Stop motion is closely related to the stop trick, in which the camera is temporarily stopped during the recording of a scene to create a change before filming is continued (or for which the cause of the change is edited out of the film). In the resulting film, the change will be sudden and a logical cause of the change will be mysteriously absent or replaced with a fake cause that is suggested in the scene. The technique of stop motion can be interpreted as repeatedly applying the stop trick. [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] April 4 : Tack Knight, American animator and comics artist (Animated Film Corporation, Walt Disney Company , Fleischer Brothers , The Adventures of Horace Cope ), (d. 1976 ).[ 10] April 22 : Margaret J. Winkler , American animation producer and film distributor, credited as the first woman to produce and distribute animated films, (Pat Sullivan , Fleischer Brothers , Walt Disney , founder of Screen Gems ) and wife of Charles Mintz , (d. 1990 ).[ 11] [ 12] [ 13] [ 14] [ 15] [ 16] April 30 : Verena Ruegg , American animator, camerawoman, and painter, (worked in the ink and paint department of both the Walt Disney Studios and Warner Bros. Cartoons , camerawoman for the animation process during World War II ), (d. 1973 ).[ 17] [ 18] [ 19] August 7 : Alain Saint-Ogan , French comics writer, artist and animator (adapted his comic Prosper L'Ours into a 1934 animated short), (d. 1974 ).[ 27] November 4 :
Jack King , American animator, film director and comics artist (J.R. Bray , International Film Service , Walt Disney Company , Warner Bros. Cartoons ), (d. 1958 ).[ 28] [ 29] [ 30] Ben Sharpsteen , American animation director and film producer, (sequence director for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Pinocchio Dumbo Fantasia Fun and Fancy Free Melody Time The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad Cinderella Alice in Wonderland 1980 ).[ 31] [ 32]
^ "Romeo and Juliet". Romeo and Juliet . 2012-06-15. doi :10.5040/9781580819015.01 . ^ Crafton, Donald (July 14, 2014). Emile Cohl, Caricature, and Film ISBN 9781400860715 ^ Richard Rickitt: Special Effects: The History and Technique, Billboard Books; 2nd edition, 2007; ISBN 0-8230-8408-6
^ "Edward Brophy Dies" . The Kansas City Times . The Kansas City Times. May 31, 1960. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com .^ "MILT GROSS DEAD; NOTED CARTOONIST; ' Nize Baby' Stories, Drawings Brought Him Success and Influenced U. S. Slang (Published 1953)" . The New York Times . 1953-12-01. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-11-06 .^ Markstein, Don. "Milt Gross" . Don Markstein's Toonopedia . Retrieved 2006-10-25 . ^ Cohen (2004), p. 40
^ "MichaelBarrier.com -- Interviews: John Hubley" . www.michaelbarrier.com . Retrieved 2023-08-12 .^ David K. Frasier (11 September 2015). Suicide in the Entertainment Industry ISBN 9781476608075 . Retrieved 2018-09-28 . ^ "Tack Knight" . lambiek.net . Retrieved May 20, 2020 .^ "Margaret Winkler Mintz; Distributor of Animated Films" . Los Angeles Times Archived from the original on January 18, 2012.^ Merritt and Kaufman. pg. 15-16
^ Maltin. pg. 23
^ Austin, Daryl (December 21, 2019). "The story of the Hungarian immigrant who funded Walt Disney" . Newsweek . Retrieved December 21, 2019 . ^ Johnson, Mindy (2017). Ink & paint: the women of Walt Disney's animation . p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4847-2781-2 OCLC 968290213 . ^ "History of Gems" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved September 17, 2020 .^ Downey, Lynn (2019-09-12). Arequipa Sanatorium: Life in California's Lung Resort for Women 107– 108. ISBN 978-0-8061-6511-0 ^ Adamson, Joe (1990). Bugs Bunny : fifty years and only one grey hare ISBN 978-0-8050-1190-6 ^ "Lady Lenser" . Variety . October 14, 1942. p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2023 .^ "Albert Hay Malotte Dies at 69; Set 'The Lord's Prayer' to Music" . The New York Times . November 18, 1964.^ Bartolomé Llorens Peset, Fiesta en Purchena: Los Juegos Moriscos de Aben Humeya en la obra del compositor estadounidense Albert Hay Malotte . Ayuntamiento de Purchena: Almería, 2013.
^ "Bugs Hardaway of Battery D |" . cartoonresearch.com . Retrieved 2023-09-10 .^ "Death List of Notables" . Leader Herald. Associated Press . 1957.^ "Cartoon Creator Dies" . The Kingston Daily Freeman. Associated Press . 1957-02-06. p. 23. Retrieved 2022-05-02 .^ New York Times (July 22, 1971). "Cliff Edwards, 76, 'Ukulele Ike' Of Stage and Film, Dies on Coast" . nytimes.com . Retrieved March 31, 2020 . ^ "Disney First Christmas Special" . Tvparty.com . Retrieved 8 August 2019 .^ "Alain Saint-Ogan" . lambiek.net . Retrieved May 20, 2020 .^ "Jack King" . lambiek.net .^ Barrier (2003), Warner Bros., pp. unnumbered pages
^ Lenburg (2006), pp. 179-180
^ "Disney Legends - D23" . Retrieved February 21, 2017 .^ "Home - History Museum - Field Trip - Fun Events - Calistoga CA - Sharpsteen Museum" . Retrieved February 21, 2017 .^ "Rex Ingrain, the Actor, Dies in Hollywood at 73. His Portrayal of De Lawd in 'Green Pastures' Hailed. Medical School Graduate" . The New York Times . Retrieved 2012-11-17 .^ "Veteran Actor Rex Ingram Died of Heart Attack". Jet . Vol. 36, no. 26. 1969-10-02. p. 56. Barrier, Michael (2003), "Warner Bros., 1933-1940" , Oxford University Press , ISBN 978-0199839223 Cohen, Karl F. (2004), "Censorship of Theatrical Animation" , McFarland & Company , ISBN 978-0786420322 Lenburg, Jeff (2006), "King, Jack" , Hal Leonard Corporation , ISBN 978-1557836717 Leonard Maltin; Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons ; Penguin Books; ISBN 0-452-25993-2
Russell Merritt and J. B. Kaufman; Walt in Wonderland: The Silent Films of Walt Disney ; Johns Hopkins University Press; ISBN 0-8018-4907-1
