1895 in animation

Events in 1895 in animation.

Events

August 28: Release of the film The Execution of Mary Stuart, directed by Alfred Clark. It is the first known film to use special effects, specifically the stop trick. Stop motion is closely related to the stop trick, in which the camera is temporarily stopped during the recording of a scene to create a change before filming is continued (or for which the cause of the change is edited out of the film). In the resulting film, the change will be sudden and a logical cause of the change will be mysteriously absent or replaced with a fake cause that is suggested in the scene. The technique of stop motion can be interpreted as repeatedly applying the stop trick. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

Births

February

February 27: Edward Brophy, American comedian and actor (voice of Timothy Q. Mouse in Dumbo), (d. 1960).^[4]

March

March 4: Milt Gross, American cartoonist and animator (Bray Productions, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio, Screen Gems, adapted his comic strip Count Screwloose into two animated short films), (d. 1953).^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]
March 23: Larry Grey, English magician (voice of Bill the Lizard in Alice in Wonderland), (d. 1951).^[9]

April

April 4: Tack Knight, American animator and comics artist (Animated Film Corporation, Walt Disney Company, Fleischer Brothers, The Adventures of Horace Cope), (d. 1976).^[10]
April 22: Margaret J. Winkler, American animation producer and film distributor, credited as the first woman to produce and distribute animated films, (Pat Sullivan, Fleischer Brothers, Walt Disney, founder of Screen Gems) and wife of Charles Mintz, (d. 1990).^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]
April 30: Verena Ruegg, American animator, camerawoman, and painter, (worked in the ink and paint department of both the Walt Disney Studios and Warner Bros. Cartoons, camerawoman for the animation process during World War II), (d. 1973).^[17]^[18]^[19]

May

May 19: Albert Hay Malotte, American pianist, organist, composer and educator (Walt Disney Animation Studios), (d. 1964).^[20]^[21]
May 21: Ben Hardaway, American animator (Looney Tunes, worked for Walter Lantz), (d. 1957).^[22]^[23]^[24]

June

June 14: Cliff Edwards, American singer, musician and actor (voice of Jiminy Cricket in Pinocchio, Fun and Fancy Free and From All of Us to All of You, and Jim Crow in Dumbo), (d. 1971).^[25]^[26]

August

August 7: Alain Saint-Ogan, French comics writer, artist and animator (adapted his comic Prosper L'Ours into a 1934 animated short), (d. 1974).^[27]

September

September 28: Dave Franklin, American songwriter and pianist (co-wrote "The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down" for Looney Tunes), (d. 1970).

November

November 4:
- Jack King, American animator, film director and comics artist (J.R. Bray, International Film Service, Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Cartoons), (d. 1958).^[28]^[29]^[30]
- Ben Sharpsteen, American animation director and film producer, (sequence director for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, supervising director for Pinocchio and Dumbo, production supervisor for Fantasia, Fun and Fancy Free, Melody Time, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Cinderella, and Alice in Wonderland), (d. 1980).^[31]^[32]

October

October 20: Rex Ingram, American actor (narrator in John Henry and the Inky-Poo), (d. 1969).^[33]^[34]

References

^ "Romeo and Juliet". Romeo and Juliet. 2012-06-15. doi:10.5040/9781580819015.01.
^ Crafton, Donald (July 14, 2014). Emile Cohl, Caricature, and Film. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400860715 – via Google Books.
^ Richard Rickitt: Special Effects: The History and Technique, Billboard Books; 2nd edition, 2007; ISBN 0-8230-8408-6
^ "Edward Brophy Dies". The Kansas City Times. The Kansas City Times. May 31, 1960. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
^ "MILT GROSS DEAD; NOTED CARTOONIST; ' Nize Baby' Stories, Drawings Brought Him Success and Influenced U. S. Slang (Published 1953)". The New York Times. 1953-12-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-11-06.
^ Markstein, Don. "Milt Gross". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved 2006-10-25.
^ Cohen (2004), p. 40
^ "MichaelBarrier.com -- Interviews: John Hubley". www.michaelbarrier.com. Retrieved 2023-08-12.
^ David K. Frasier (11 September 2015). Suicide in the Entertainment Industry. McFarland. ISBN 9781476608075. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
^ "Tack Knight". lambiek.net. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
^ "Margaret Winkler Mintz; Distributor of Animated Films". Los Angeles Times. June 24, 1990. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012.
^ Merritt and Kaufman. pg. 15-16
^ Maltin. pg. 23
^ Austin, Daryl (December 21, 2019). "The story of the Hungarian immigrant who funded Walt Disney". Newsweek. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
^ Johnson, Mindy (2017). Ink & paint: the women of Walt Disney's animation. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4847-2781-2. OCLC 968290213.
^ "History of Gems". Los Angeles Times. June 12, 1999. Retrieved September 17, 2020.
^ Downey, Lynn (2019-09-12). Arequipa Sanatorium: Life in California's Lung Resort for Women. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-0-8061-6511-0.
^ Adamson, Joe (1990). Bugs Bunny : fifty years and only one grey hare. Internet Archive. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-8050-1190-6.
^ "Lady Lenser". Variety. October 14, 1942. p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2023.
^ "Albert Hay Malotte Dies at 69; Set 'The Lord's Prayer' to Music". The New York Times. November 18, 1964.
^ Bartolomé Llorens Peset, Fiesta en Purchena: Los Juegos Moriscos de Aben Humeya en la obra del compositor estadounidense Albert Hay Malotte. Ayuntamiento de Purchena: Almería, 2013.
^ "Bugs Hardaway of Battery D |". cartoonresearch.com. Retrieved 2023-09-10.
^ "Death List of Notables". Leader Herald. Associated Press. 1957.
^ "Cartoon Creator Dies". The Kingston Daily Freeman. Associated Press. 1957-02-06. p. 23. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
^ New York Times (July 22, 1971). "Cliff Edwards, 76, 'Ukulele Ike' Of Stage and Film, Dies on Coast". nytimes.com. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
^ "Disney First Christmas Special". Tvparty.com. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
^ "Alain Saint-Ogan". lambiek.net. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
^ "Jack King". lambiek.net.
^ Barrier (2003), Warner Bros., pp. unnumbered pages
^ Lenburg (2006), pp. 179-180
^ "Disney Legends - D23". Retrieved February 21, 2017.
^ "Home - History Museum - Field Trip - Fun Events - Calistoga CA - Sharpsteen Museum". Retrieved February 21, 2017.
^ "Rex Ingrain, the Actor, Dies in Hollywood at 73. His Portrayal of De Lawd in 'Green Pastures' Hailed. Medical School Graduate". The New York Times. September 20, 1969. Retrieved 2012-11-17.
^ "Veteran Actor Rex Ingram Died of Heart Attack". Jet. Vol. 36, no. 26. 1969-10-02. p. 56.

Sources

Barrier, Michael (2003), "Warner Bros., 1933-1940", Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199839223
Cohen, Karl F. (2004), "Censorship of Theatrical Animation", Forbidden Animation: Censored Cartoons and Blacklisted Animators in America, McFarland & Company, ISBN 978-0786420322
Lenburg, Jeff (2006), "King, Jack", Who's who in Animated Cartoons: An International Guide to Film and Television's Award-Winning and Legendary Animators, Hal Leonard Corporation, ISBN 978-1557836717
Leonard Maltin; Of Mice and Magic: A History of American Animated Cartoons; Penguin Books; ISBN 0-452-25993-2 (1980, 1987)
Russell Merritt and J. B. Kaufman; Walt in Wonderland: The Silent Films of Walt Disney; Johns Hopkins University Press; ISBN 0-8018-4907-1 (paperback, 1993)

[1] "Romeo and Juliet". Romeo and Juliet. 2012-06-15. doi:10.5040/9781580819015.01.

[Cohl-2] Crafton, Donald (July 14, 2014). Emile Cohl, Caricature, and Film. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9781400860715 – via Google Books.

[3] Richard Rickitt: Special Effects: The History and Technique, Billboard Books; 2nd edition, 2007; ISBN 0-8230-8408-6

[4] "Edward Brophy Dies". The Kansas City Times. The Kansas City Times. May 31, 1960. p. 1. Retrieved October 26, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.

[5] "MILT GROSS DEAD; NOTED CARTOONIST; ' Nize Baby' Stories, Drawings Brought Him Success and Influenced U. S. Slang (Published 1953)". The New York Times. 1953-12-01. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-11-06.

[toonopedia-6] Markstein, Don. "Milt Gross". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Retrieved 2006-10-25.

[Cohen-7] Cohen (2004), p. 40

[8] "MichaelBarrier.com -- Interviews: John Hubley". www.michaelbarrier.com. Retrieved 2023-08-12.

[9] David K. Frasier (11 September 2015). Suicide in the Entertainment Industry. McFarland. ISBN 9781476608075. Retrieved 2018-09-28.

[10] "Tack Knight". lambiek.net. Retrieved May 20, 2020.

[11] "Margaret Winkler Mintz; Distributor of Animated Films". Los Angeles Times. June 24, 1990. Archived from the original on January 18, 2012.

[12] Merritt and Kaufman. pg. 15-16

[13] Maltin. pg. 23

[Newsweek_Austin-14] Austin, Daryl (December 21, 2019). "The story of the Hungarian immigrant who funded Walt Disney". Newsweek. Retrieved December 21, 2019.

[15] Johnson, Mindy (2017). Ink & paint: the women of Walt Disney's animation. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-4847-2781-2. OCLC 968290213.

[16] "History of Gems". Los Angeles Times. June 12, 1999. Retrieved September 17, 2020.

[:Downey-17] Downey, Lynn (2019-09-12). Arequipa Sanatorium: Life in California's Lung Resort for Women. University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-0-8061-6511-0.

[18] Adamson, Joe (1990). Bugs Bunny : fifty years and only one grey hare. Internet Archive. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-8050-1190-6.

[19] "Lady Lenser". Variety. October 14, 1942. p. 3. Retrieved January 8, 2023.

[20] "Albert Hay Malotte Dies at 69; Set 'The Lord's Prayer' to Music". The New York Times. November 18, 1964.

[Purchena-21] Bartolomé Llorens Peset, Fiesta en Purchena: Los Juegos Moriscos de Aben Humeya en la obra del compositor estadounidense Albert Hay Malotte. Ayuntamiento de Purchena: Almería, 2013.

[22] "Bugs Hardaway of Battery D |". cartoonresearch.com. Retrieved 2023-09-10.

[23] "Death List of Notables". Leader Herald. Associated Press. 1957.

[obituary-24] "Cartoon Creator Dies". The Kingston Daily Freeman. Associated Press. 1957-02-06. p. 23. Retrieved 2022-05-02.

[nytimes1971-25] New York Times (July 22, 1971). "Cliff Edwards, 76, 'Ukulele Ike' Of Stage and Film, Dies on Coast". nytimes.com. Retrieved March 31, 2020.

[26] "Disney First Christmas Special". Tvparty.com. Retrieved 8 August 2019.

[27] "Alain Saint-Ogan". lambiek.net. Retrieved May 20, 2020.

[28] "Jack King". lambiek.net.

[Barrier-29] Barrier (2003), Warner Bros., pp. unnumbered pages

[Lenburg-30] Lenburg (2006), pp. 179-180

[31] "Disney Legends - D23". Retrieved February 21, 2017.

[32] "Home - History Museum - Field Trip - Fun Events - Calistoga CA - Sharpsteen Museum". Retrieved February 21, 2017.

[obit-33] "Rex Ingrain, the Actor, Dies in Hollywood at 73. His Portrayal of De Lawd in 'Green Pastures' Hailed. Medical School Graduate". The New York Times. September 20, 1969. Retrieved 2012-11-17.

[34] "Veteran Actor Rex Ingram Died of Heart Attack". Jet. Vol. 36, no. 26. 1969-10-02. p. 56.

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v t e Years in animation
1850s	1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859
1860s	1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
1870s	1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879
1880s	1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
1890s	1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
1900s	1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909
1910s	1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
1920s	1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
1930s	1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
1940s	1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
1950s	1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
1960s	1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
1970s	1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
1980s	1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
1990s	1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
2000s	2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010s	2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
2020s	2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

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