2031 BAM

2031 BAM
	Orbital diagram of BAM
Discovery
Discovered by	L. Chernykh
Discovery site	Crimean Astrophysical Obs.
Discovery date	8 October 1969
Designations
MPC designation	(2031) BAM
Named after	Baikal–Amur Mainline; (Siberian railway line)
Alternative designations	1969 TG2 · 1939 VB; 1959 TW · 1972 NQ
Minor planet category	main-belt · (inner); Flora
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	77.39 yr (28,268 days)
Aphelion	2.6203 AU
Perihelion	1.8477 AU
Semi-major axis	2.2340 AU
Eccentricity	0.1729
Orbital period (sidereal)	3.34 yr (1,220 days)
Mean anomaly	124.02°
Mean motion	0° 17m 42.72s / day
Inclination	4.7524°
Longitude of ascending node	169.28°
Argument of perihelion	213.58°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	7.14 km (calculated); 8.14±0.36 km
Synodic rotation period	10.774±0.004 h
Geometric albedo	0.170±0.017; 0.24 (assumed)
Spectral type	S
Absolute magnitude (H)	12.9 · 13.00 · 13.05±0.81

2031 BAM, provisional designation 1969 TG₂, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1969, by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula.^[8] The asteroid was named for those who built the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM; БАМ), a Siberian railway line.^[2]

Orbit and classification

BAM is a member of the Flora family (402),^[3]^[4] a giant asteroid family and the largest family of stony asteroids in the main belt.^[9]^: 23 It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,220 days; semi-major axis of 2.23 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.^[1]

The body's observation arc begins with its identification as 1939 VB at Uccle Observatory in November 1939, almost 30 years prior to its official discovery observation at Nauchnyj.^[8]

Physical characteristics

BAM has been characterized as a stony S-type asteroid by Pan-STARRS photometric survey.^[7]

Rotation period

In October 2016, a rotational lightcurve of BAM was obtained from photometric observations by amateur astronomer Matthieu Conjat. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined rotation period of 10.774 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.15 magnitude (U=3).^[6]

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, BAM measures 8.14 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.170.^[5] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the parent body of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 7.14 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.9.^[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named after those who constructed the Baikal–Amur Mainline (BAM; БАМ) through eastern Russia from 1974 to 1986. The rail line opened in 1989, and runs between Ust-Kut (near Lake Baikal and Komsomolsk-on-Amur.^[2]^[10] The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 September 1978 (M.P.C. 4482).^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2031 BAM (1969 TG2)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2031) Bam". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 164. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2032. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "LCDB Data for (2031) BAM". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 December 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Asteroid 2031 BAM – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
^ ^a ^b Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (2031) BAM". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
^ ^a ^b "2031 BAM (1969 TG2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
^ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.
^ "BAM". Mark Andrew Holmes' Personal Web Page. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.

[jpldata-1] "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 2031 BAM (1969 TG2)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 5 December 2017.

[springer-2] Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(2031) Bam". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 164. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_2032. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.

[lcdb-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "LCDB Data for (2031) BAM". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 5 December 2017.

[Ferret-4] "Asteroid 2031 BAM – Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 26 October 2019.

[AKARI-5] Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)

[geneva-obs-6] Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (2031) BAM". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 5 December 2017.

[Veres-2015-7] Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 5 December 2017.

[MPC-object-8] "2031 BAM (1969 TG2)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 5 December 2017.

[Nesvorny-2014-9] Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131.

[Red-Bam-10] "BAM". Mark Andrew Holmes' Personal Web Page. Retrieved 5 December 2017.

[DoMP-Circular-dates-11] Schmadel, Lutz D. (2009). "Appendix – Publication Dates of the MPCs". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – Addendum to Fifth Edition (2006–2008). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 221. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01965-4. ISBN 978-3-642-01964-7.

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Discovery^[1]
Orbital diagram of BAM
Discovered by	L. Chernykh
Discovery site	Crimean Astrophysical Obs.
Discovery date	8 October 1969
Designations
MPC designation	(2031) BAM
Named after	Baikal–Amur Mainline^[2] (Siberian railway line)
Alternative designations	1969 TG₂ · 1939 VB 1959 TW · 1972 NQ
Minor planet category	main-belt · (inner) Flora^[3]^[4]
Orbital characteristics^[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	77.39 yr (28,268 days)
Aphelion	2.6203 AU
Perihelion	1.8477 AU
Semi-major axis	2.2340 AU
Eccentricity	0.1729
Orbital period (sidereal)	3.34 yr (1,220 days)
Mean anomaly	124.02°
Mean motion	0° 17^m 42.72^s / day
Inclination	4.7524°
Longitude of ascending node	169.28°
Argument of perihelion	213.58°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	7.14 km (calculated)^[3] 8.14±0.36 km^[5]
Synodic rotation period	10.774±0.004 h^[6]
Geometric albedo	0.170±0.017^[5] 0.24 (assumed)^[3]
Spectral type	S^[3]^[7]
Absolute magnitude (H)	12.9^[1]^[3] · 13.00^[5] · 13.05±0.81^[7]