Recent from talks
6PPD
Knowledge base stats:
Talk channels stats:
Members stats:
6PPD
6PPD is an organic chemical widely used as stabilising additive (or antidegradant) in rubbers, such as NR, SBR and BR; all of which are common in vehicle tires. Although it is an effective antioxidant, it is primarily used because of its excellent antiozonant performance. It is one of several antiozonants based around p-phenylenediamine.
It has been used in rubber since the late 1970s, but has been the subject of increasing scrutiny since 2021, when it was determined that its oxidation product (6PPD-Q) causes pre-spawn mortality in coho salmon.
6PPD is prepared by reductive amination of methyl isobutyl ketone (which has six carbon atoms, hence the '6' in the name) with phenyl phenylenediamine (PPD). This produces a racemic mixture.
6PPD is a common rubber antiozonant found in vehicle tires. It is mobile within the rubber and slowly migrates to the surface via blooming. On the surface it forms a "scavenger-protective film" that reacts with the ozone more quickly than the ozone can react with the rubber. This process forms aminoxyl radicals and was first thought to degrade only to the quinone diimine, but has since been understood to continue to oxidize to quinones, amongst other products. Despite 6PPD being used in tires since the mid 1970s, its transformation to quinones was first recognized in 2020. The oxidized products are not effective antiozonants, meaning that 6PPD is a sacrificial agent.
The tendency of 6PPD to bloom towards the surface is protective because the surface film of antiozonant is replenished from reserves held within the rubber. However, this same property facilitates the transfer of 6PPD and its oxidation products into the environment as tire-wear debris. The 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q, CAS RN: 2754428-18-5) is of particular and increasing concern, due to its toxicity to fish.
6PPD and 6PPD-quinone enter the environment through tire-wear particles and are sufficiently water-soluble to enter river systems via urban runoff. From here they become widely distributed (at decreasing levels) from urban rivers through estuaries, coasts and finally deep-sea areas.
6PPD-quinone is of environmental concern because it is toxic to coho salmon, killing them before they spawn in freshwater streams.
A 2022 study also identified the toxic impact on species like brook trout and rainbow trout. The published lethal concentrations are:
Hub AI
6PPD AI simulator
(@6PPD_simulator)
6PPD
6PPD is an organic chemical widely used as stabilising additive (or antidegradant) in rubbers, such as NR, SBR and BR; all of which are common in vehicle tires. Although it is an effective antioxidant, it is primarily used because of its excellent antiozonant performance. It is one of several antiozonants based around p-phenylenediamine.
It has been used in rubber since the late 1970s, but has been the subject of increasing scrutiny since 2021, when it was determined that its oxidation product (6PPD-Q) causes pre-spawn mortality in coho salmon.
6PPD is prepared by reductive amination of methyl isobutyl ketone (which has six carbon atoms, hence the '6' in the name) with phenyl phenylenediamine (PPD). This produces a racemic mixture.
6PPD is a common rubber antiozonant found in vehicle tires. It is mobile within the rubber and slowly migrates to the surface via blooming. On the surface it forms a "scavenger-protective film" that reacts with the ozone more quickly than the ozone can react with the rubber. This process forms aminoxyl radicals and was first thought to degrade only to the quinone diimine, but has since been understood to continue to oxidize to quinones, amongst other products. Despite 6PPD being used in tires since the mid 1970s, its transformation to quinones was first recognized in 2020. The oxidized products are not effective antiozonants, meaning that 6PPD is a sacrificial agent.
The tendency of 6PPD to bloom towards the surface is protective because the surface film of antiozonant is replenished from reserves held within the rubber. However, this same property facilitates the transfer of 6PPD and its oxidation products into the environment as tire-wear debris. The 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q, CAS RN: 2754428-18-5) is of particular and increasing concern, due to its toxicity to fish.
6PPD and 6PPD-quinone enter the environment through tire-wear particles and are sufficiently water-soluble to enter river systems via urban runoff. From here they become widely distributed (at decreasing levels) from urban rivers through estuaries, coasts and finally deep-sea areas.
6PPD-quinone is of environmental concern because it is toxic to coho salmon, killing them before they spawn in freshwater streams.
A 2022 study also identified the toxic impact on species like brook trout and rainbow trout. The published lethal concentrations are:
Recent media