Hubbry Logo
Bachelor of ArtsBachelor of ArtsMain
Open search
Bachelor of Arts
Community hub
Bachelor of Arts
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Arts
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts degree from Northwestern University
AcronymBA
AB
TypeBachelor's degree
DurationThree or four years, depending on country

A Bachelor of Arts (abbreviated BA or AB; from the Latin baccalaureus artium, baccalaureus in artibus, or artium baccalaureus) is the holder of a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the liberal arts,[1] or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four years, depending on the country and institution.[citation needed]

  • Degree attainment typically takes five or more years in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru.[citation needed]
  • Degree attainment typically takes four years in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brunei, Bulgaria, Canada (except Quebec), China, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, the United States, and Zambia.[2]
  • Degree attainment typically takes three years in Albania, Algeria, Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Iceland, Israel,[3] Italy, Montenegro, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Canadian province of Quebec, South Africa (certain degrees), Switzerland, the United Kingdom (except Scotland), and some countries of the European Union. In Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Russia, three-year BA (associates) courses are also available.[4] A three-year bachelor's degree usually does not qualify the holder for admission to graduate programs in other countries where four-year bachelor's degrees are the standard prerequisite.[5]

Definition

[edit]

The Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree is an undergraduate postsecondary degree that puts a focus on liberal arts and studies.[6] In comparison, a Bachelor of Science (BS) has a greater focus on science, math, and engineering. The Bachelor of Arts degree is a type of baccalaureate degree.[7][8] A Bachelor of Arts degree is usually completed in four years: that is, it requires four years of full-time coursework during term time. However, just as with other degrees, some may require a longer time period. This is due to factors such as the student's ability, motivation, and access to financial assistance to earn the degree. Just like other baccalaureate degrees, a Bachelor of Arts is historically offered only at public and private universities and colleges.[6][9][10] A Bachelor of Arts, just like other bachelor's degrees, is an admission requirement for graduate and professional school. Beginning in the 1990s, junior colleges started to confer their own baccalaureate degrees. In addition to the standard BA degrees, there are career-specific Bachelor of Arts degrees, including Bachelor of Arts in Functional English, Bachelor of Arts in Administration, Bachelor of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies, and Regents Bachelor of Arts.[8]

History

[edit]

The Bachelor of Arts degree has been prominent in academics for centuries. It influenced universities to begin focusing on broad topics such as algebra, psychology, biology, art, history, and philosophy.

This aspect of the BA degree has been consistent in its history. The Bachelor of Arts degree was formed out of the study of liberal arts.[6][7] Liberal art is a term that was applied to the study of many branches of learning such as grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music.[7] The study of liberal arts started during the Middle Ages. During the Renaissance, the term liberal art was meant to describe general studies more broadly.[6][7] This definition of liberal studies remains to this day.

In Japan and the United States, Bachelor of Arts degrees were historically given only by public or private institutions and colleges.[6][10]

Degrees in Europe

[edit]

Germany

[edit]

In Germany, university-level education usually happens in either a Universität (plural: Universitäten) or a Fachhochschule (plural: Fachhochschulen); both can be referred to as a Hochschule, which is the generic term in Germany for all institutions awarding academic degrees. Fachhochschule is often translated as "University of Applied Sciences". Universitäten place greater emphasis on fundamental science and background in theory, while Fachhochschulen are generally designed with a focus on teaching professional skills. Degrees earned at Universitäten and Fachhochschulen are legally equivalent.

In Germany, the BA course normally lasts between three and three and a half years—six or seven semesters—and the degree is awarded after the student earns between 180 and 210 ECTS.

Netherlands

[edit]

In the Netherlands, the BA and Master of Arts (MA) degrees were introduced in 2002. Until then, a single program led to the doctorandus degree (abbreviated drs.), which comprised the same course load as the bachelor's and master's programs combined. The title doctorandus was used in almost all fields of study; other titles were used for legal studies (meester, Dutch for master, abbreviated Mr.) and engineering (ingenieur, abbreviated Ir. for academic masters level or ING. for higher vocational bachelor's level). Those who had already started the doctorandus program could, on completing it, opt for the doctorandus degree (entitling them to use "drs." in front of their name) or could use the master's degree (post-nominal letters) in accordance with the new standard. When attaining a master level/graduate degree, it is still customary to use either drs. pre-nominally or MA/MSc post-nominally at the discretion of the holder.

United Kingdom and Ireland

[edit]
Main article: British undergraduate degree classification

In the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland) and Ireland, the first degree course normally lasts three years, but nomenclature varies: 19th-century and later universities usually distinguish between arts and sciences subjects by awarding either a BA or BSc degree. However, some older or ancient universities, such as Oxford, Cambridge, and Trinity College Dublin traditionally award BAs to undergraduates having completed the final examinations, e.g., Part II Tripos (Cambridge), Final Honour Schools (Oxford), Moderator-ship (Dublin), in most subjects including the sciences. Some new plate glass universities established in the 1960s, such as York and Lancaster, originally followed the practice of Oxford and Cambridge by awarding BAs in all subjects, but have since changed to awarding BSc degrees in science subjects. At Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin the degree of MA can be claimed, usually twenty-one terms after matriculation, without any further study. For many centuries, the bachelor's degree was an intermediate step and was awarded for much of the work carried out in later times at secondary schools. The names of the final secondary school exams in France and Spain (and of the International Baccalaureate) come from this: le Baccalauréat and el Bachillerato, respectively.

The ancient universities of Scotland award a Master of Arts degree to humanities or arts graduates, but a BSc to science graduates. This course takes four years for an honours degree and three for an ordinary. In Scotland, one can opt to take an ordinary degree, which ranks below a third class honours degree (for example, BA with distinction, merit or pass).

A Bachelor of Arts is entitled to the post-nominal letters BA for an ordinary or pass degree and BA (Hons) for an honours degree. The academic dress worn by honours and non-honours graduates is identical. An honours degree is always awarded in one of four classes, depending upon the marks gained in the final assessments and examinations. The top students are awarded a first-class degree, followed by an upper second-class degree (usually referred to as a 2:1), a lower second-class degree (usually referred to as a 2:2), and those who pass with the lowest marks gain a third-class degree. An ordinary, pass or unclassified degree (which does not give the graduate the right to add "Hons") may be awarded if a student has completed (i) followed a non-honours program, or (b) attempted an honours course but marginally failed to achieve third-class standard.

Degrees in North America

[edit]

Canada

[edit]

Education in Canada is controlled by the provinces and can be very different depending on the province. While all Canadian universities offer four-year degrees, it is not uncommon, depending on the province and the university for a three-year general degree to also be offered as an option. In many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as BA or as honours BA degrees. Honours programs require more education than non-honours programs, typically a specialization beyond the requirements of a BA, and can often be used as a gateway to a PhD program, bypassing a master's degree.[citation needed]

In Québec, BA degrees generally last three years, because the fourth year is replaced by CEGEP education (which fills the gap between Secondary V, the last year of high school, and the first year of university).[11] However, four-year programs exist for students having completed 12 (instead of 13) years of education prior to being admitted to university.[12]

United States

[edit]

Along with the Bachelor of Science (BS), the Bachelor of Arts (BA) is the most commonly granted degree in the United States. A BA degree is earned after the completion of four years of undergraduate college level study.[6]

Some universities in the United States abbreviate the degree as "AB" or "AB", derived from the Latin title Artium Baccalaureatus. AB degrees are particularly associated with Ivy League institutions and other universities with historical ties to Latin academic traditions—such as Harvard, Princeton, Brown, and Stanford. These schools use the AB designation to distinguish their degree from the more common Bachelor of Arts (BA). The use of Latin terminology underscores their heritage and the prestige of their academic programs.[13] Additionally, the study of Greek and Latin has traditionally been a fundamental component of the undergraduate curriculum at these institutions.[14]

Degrees in other countries

[edit]

In colleges and universities in Australia, Nepal, New Zealand, India and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study.[15] Students must pursue at least one major area of study and units from that subject are usually studied in each year, though sometimes students may choose to complete upper-level classes in the same year and as a result, can leave space for elective subjects from a different field. At some universities, students may choose to pursue a second major; alternatively, the remainder of the degree is taken up with a minor area of study (in the first two years) and other individual or stream-based subjects. In Pakistan the Bachelor of Arts (BA) program used to be regular 2-year degree program in which students were offered with a combination of any two of areas from the available electives: Business, Journalism, Psychology, Computer Science and Education. However, now all bachelor's degree courses are 4-year program. 2 years degree is now called associate degree.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Bachelor of Arts

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Bachelor of Arts (BA or B.A.) is an undergraduate academic degree typically awarded upon completion of a four-year program of study centered on the liberal arts, humanities, social sciences, and fine arts, emphasizing the development of critical thinking, research, communication, and analytical skills. Originating in medieval European universities during the 12th and 13th centuries, the degree evolved from the foundational liberal arts curriculum known as the trivium (grammar, logic, and rhetoric) and quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy), serving as an initial qualification for teaching or advanced scholarly pursuits. In modern contexts, particularly in the United States and other Western countries, the BA requires approximately 120 credit hours, including general education courses in areas such as English, mathematics, and social sciences, alongside major-specific coursework and electives that allow for interdisciplinary exploration. Common fields of study encompass English, history, psychology, sociology, philosophy, languages, and the performing or visual arts, enabling students to pursue broad intellectual development rather than narrow technical training. Unlike the Bachelor of Science (BS), which prioritizes quantitative analysis, laboratory work, and specialized science or engineering coursework with fewer electives, the BA offers greater flexibility and a focus on qualitative subjects like literature, culture, and human behavior. This distinction traces back to the 19th century, when American colleges began differentiating arts and sciences tracks to accommodate emerging scientific disciplines. BA graduates benefit from enhanced , with weekly of $1,543 in 2024—66% higher than those with only a —and an rate of 2.5%, reflecting the degree's value in diverse sectors such as , media, , , and nonprofit organizations. Many also proceed to graduate studies, including master's or doctoral programs, leveraging the BA's emphasis on foundational knowledge and transferable skills. Globally, variations exist; for instance, in some European systems, the BA aligns with the Bologna Process's three-year structure, while in and the , it often integrates honors components for deeper specialization.

Definition and Overview

Core Definition

The Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB, from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus) is an undergraduate conferred upon successful completion of a structured program centered on the liberal arts, , social sciences, or fine arts. This degree typically spans four years of full-time study in many systems, encompassing a balanced curriculum that integrates general requirements with specialized coursework in a chosen major. At its core, the BA emphasizes broad intellectual development, fostering skills in , communication, and analysis over narrow vocational training. It draws from disciplines such as , , , languages, and , encouraging interdisciplinary exploration to cultivate well-rounded perspectives. Unlike the , which prioritizes empirical and technical fields, the BA focuses on humanistic and interpretive approaches to knowledge. Graduates of BA programs are equipped for versatile careers in sectors including , media, , and , while also qualifying as a prerequisite for advanced degrees like master's programs. Globally, particularly in , the BA holds recognition as a first-cycle qualification within the framework, generally requiring 180 to 240 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits to signify foundational higher education attainment.

Key Characteristics and Distinctions

The Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree embodies an interdisciplinary approach, drawing from , social sciences, and occasionally natural sciences to provide students with a broad foundational knowledge across diverse subjects like , , , , and . This orientation promotes intellectual flexibility, allowing learners to connect ideas across disciplines rather than confining them to a single field. Central to the BA is its emphasis on , writing, and analytical skills, cultivated through coursework that involves interpreting texts, conducting , and engaging in discussions to evaluate complex issues. Most BA programs incorporate general education requirements—such as courses in , and quantitative reasoning—alongside a major concentration, ensuring graduates develop well-rounded competencies applicable beyond their primary area of study. A key distinction lies in how the BA differs from the Bachelor of Science (BSc), which typically centers on empirical sciences, technical applications, and quantitative methods like statistical analysis and laboratory experimentation. In contrast, the BA prioritizes humanities and social sciences, employing qualitative methods such as textual analysis, historical interpretation, and ethical reasoning to explore human experiences and societal dynamics. This makes the BA more flexible in its curriculum, often allowing greater elective choices to encourage personalization, while the BSc demands more specialized, math-intensive courses with limited room for breadth. In terms of , the BA is occasionally designated as AB, derived from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus, and these terms are used interchangeably in select U.S. institutions to denote the same undergraduate credential focused on liberal arts. This variation reflects historical Latin influences on degree naming but does not alter the program's core structure or requirements. Regarding career preparation, the BA equips graduates with transferable skills like effective communication, research proficiency, and problem-solving, enabling adaptability across industries such as , media, , and . Unlike professionally oriented degrees such as the (BEng) or (BArch), which align directly with licensure and technical expertise in specific fields, the BA fosters versatile, that support and career pivots without emphasizing immediate vocational training.

Historical Development

Medieval and Renaissance Origins

The Bachelor of Arts degree emerged in medieval Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries as universities began to formalize higher education, with early institutions such as the , established in 1088, and the , where teaching is recorded from 1096, playing pivotal roles in its development. These universities arose from cathedral schools and scholarly guilds, marking a shift toward structured academic training amid the intellectual revival of the . The core of the BA curriculum centered on the liberal arts, divided into the —comprising , , and logic—and the , which included arithmetic, , , and astronomy. This framework provided foundational knowledge in and sciences, emphasizing analytical and communicative skills essential for scholarly . Students typically progressed through lectures, disputations, and examinations in these subjects over a period of three to four years. During the (14th–17th centuries), the BA curriculum evolved with the humanist movement, which revived classical Greek and Roman texts and emphasized , , and alongside traditional subjects. This period saw increased focus on vernacular languages and moral philosophy, adapting the liberal arts to broader cultural and secular interests while maintaining the degree's role in preparing scholars. Initially, the degree served to train and scholars, functioning as a prerequisite for advanced studies in , , or , and enabling recipients to assist in teaching or enter roles. Awarded after completing the arts faculty requirements, it prepared individuals for the intellectual demands of the Church-dominated society, where most graduates pursued roles in religious orders or administration. Drawing from ancient Greek and Roman educational models, such as those outlined by and , the medieval liberal arts were adapted and formalized by the to align with Christian doctrine and scholastic methods. A key milestone came in 1231 with Pope Gregory IX's bull Parens scientiarum, which recognized the as a corporate entity and referenced "bachellarii" () in the arts, thereby standardizing the degree across emerging universities and affirming its role in the ecclesiastical educational hierarchy.

Modern Evolution and Global Spread

In the 19th century, the Bachelor of Arts degree underwent significant transformations influenced by Enlightenment ideals of reason, , and scientific inquiry, which prompted reforms in European higher education systems to prioritize broad intellectual development over rote clerical training. These ideas converged with the Humboldtian model in , where Wilhelm von Humboldt's early 19th-century reforms emphasized the integration of , , and sciences with original , fostering universities as centers for cultural and scholarly advancement rather than mere teaching institutions. This approach influenced the degree's evolution by promoting a holistic that balanced general with specialized study, setting a template for modern liberal arts programs. Concurrently, the BA spread beyond through colonial networks; in , the British established the universities of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1857, introducing bachelor's degrees in arts as affiliating institutions focused on examinations in humanities and sciences to train an administrative class. In , the degree adapted from colonial roots into a more flexible structure during the century, incorporating elective systems and practical sciences to meet industrial demands while retaining its emphasis on classical humanities. The 20th century marked a period of democratization and standardization for the BA, driven by post-World War II policies that expanded access and harmonized structures across regions. In the United States, the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, known as the , provided tuition, stipends, and supplies to over 2 million veterans, dramatically increasing enrollment in higher education and boosting BA completion rates by making liberal arts programs more attainable for working-class students. In Europe, the , initiated by the 1999 Declaration signed by 29 countries, aimed to create a unified through a three-cycle degree system, standardizing the BA as a three-to-four-year undergraduate qualification focused on and mobility while preserving multidisciplinary elements. The BA's global dissemination accelerated during this era, adapting to non-Western contexts through and . In , Japan's from 1868 onward imported European and American educational models, establishing imperial universities that offered bachelor's degrees in arts and sciences by the late to support national modernization and industrialization. In , colonial powers like Britain and imposed Western-style higher education from the late , with institutions such as in awarding BA degrees in humanities from 1876 onward to produce local intermediaries, though access remained limited to elites until postcolonial expansions. Recent reforms reflect ongoing ; India's National Education Policy of 2020 promotes multidisciplinary BA programs, allowing flexible four-year structures that integrate arts, sciences, and vocational skills to foster holistic development and international alignment. Amid these expansions, the BA has faced pressures to address vocational needs and achieve global equivalence, leading to structural updates in various countries. In response to demands for deeper specialization and , Pakistan's Higher Education Commission outlined in its 2017 Vision a shift to standardized four-year bachelor's programs by , phasing out shorter degrees to enhance components and match international standards like the Bologna model. These adaptations underscore the degree's resilience, evolving from a Eurocentric liberal arts foundation into a versatile qualification responsive to and diverse educational priorities.

Structure and Requirements

Typical Duration and Credit Systems

The typical duration of a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree varies internationally, reflecting differences in educational structures and national policies. In many countries, including those in such as , , , and the , as well as , a BA is structured as a three-year full-time program (though four years in ). In , particularly the and , the standard duration is four years of full-time study. Some systems in , such as in , range from three to six years, often incorporating more integrated professional training. These durations assume full-time enrollment and can be adjusted for part-time options or prior learning credits. Credit systems provide a standardized measure of academic workload and progression toward a BA. In , the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS), established under the , allocates 180 ECTS credits for a three-year BA, with each credit representing approximately 25-30 hours of student effort including lectures, self-study, and assessments. This equates to 60 ECTS credits per . In the United States, the semester credit hour system prevails, where a four-year BA typically requires 120 to 130 credits, with each credit hour corresponding to one hour of classroom instruction plus two hours of outside work per week. These frameworks facilitate mobility, allowing credits earned abroad to count toward degree completion. Full-time enrollment norms differ by region but emphasize manageable workloads. In , a standard full-time load is 30 ECTS credits per semester, enabling students to complete the degree in six semesters. In , full-time status generally involves 12-15 credit hours per semester, supporting progression over eight semesters. Both systems accommodate part-time study, often at half the full-time load, and provide flexibility for credit transfers from other institutions or study abroad programs, which may add or substitute credits without extending the overall duration significantly. Equivalency across systems addresses recognition challenges, particularly for international mobility and graduate admissions. A three-year BA from , such as in the UK, is frequently deemed equivalent to a four-year BA, based on total workload and learning outcomes rather than duration alone. This recognition is supported by international agreements like the of 1997, ratified by over 50 countries including the , which mandates fair evaluation of foreign qualifications for higher education access.

Curriculum and Major Requirements

The curriculum of a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree typically integrates a balanced structure of general requirements, major-specific , and elective options to foster both breadth and depth in liberal arts learning. General components often account for 30-50% of total credits, emphasizing foundational knowledge in , social sciences, natural sciences, and quantitative reasoning to develop , communication, and interdisciplinary skills across diverse fields. For instance, at the , general requires 36 credits, including 6 credits each in composition, mathematics, , social and behavioral sciences, and biological/physical sciences, plus 6 additional credits in select areas, ensuring students gain a broad intellectual foundation before specializing. Major requirements constitute the core of the BA program, usually comprising 40-60% of credits focused on a chosen discipline within the , social sciences, or fine arts. Students select a primary major, such as English, , or , and complete a sequence of courses that build expertise through advanced study, research, and application. Common majors include humanities fields like and , which emphasize textual analysis and historical interpretation; social sciences such as Anthropology and Political Science, which explore human societies and governance; and fine arts areas like Music and Theater, which involve creative practice and performance. At institutions like Harvard College, majors—termed concentrations—require 12-20 courses tailored to the field, often culminating in a thesis or project to demonstrate mastery. Assessment in BA programs employs a variety of methods to evaluate student learning, including written essays, examinations, research projects, oral presentations, and creative portfolios, with an emphasis on analytical writing and critical engagement suited to liberal arts disciplines. These approaches allow for both formative feedback during coursework and summative evaluation at course ends, often requiring a minimum grade of C for credit. Many programs incorporate capstone experiences, such as senior seminars, honors theses, or internships, to integrate major knowledge with real-world application; for example, at Naropa University, BA capstones involve original research presentations on contemporary issues. BA programs offer significant flexibility to accommodate student interests, including options for minors (secondary fields of 5-8 courses), double majors (combining two primary fields within the same degree), and interdisciplinary studies that blend multiple disciplines. Electives, often 20-30% of credits, encourage exploration beyond core requirements, promoting intellectual breadth. At the , students can pursue minors or double majors with advisor approval, allowing up to two courses to count toward multiple requirements while maintaining a minimum of 32 course units overall.

Variations in Europe

United Kingdom and Ireland

In the and , the Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree typically follows a three-year structure for honours in , , and , accumulating 360 credits under the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications (FHEQ), equivalent to 180 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits. In , the honours BA extends to four years, requiring 480 credits or 240 ECTS, allowing for a broader foundational phase before specialization. 's honours BA aligns closely, spanning three to four years and 180-240 ECTS credits under the National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ) Level 8, with joint honours options prevalent across both regions to combine two subjects. The emphasizes early specialization in a single subject from the first year, such as a BA in , which focuses on in-depth study of historical methodologies, primary sources, and thematic analysis. Joint honours programmes, like and Politics, are common and require balanced credits across disciplines. The final year mandates a dissertation or substantial research project, typically 8,000-12,000 words, to demonstrate independent scholarship and contribute to the honours classification of First (70%+), Upper Second (60-69%), Lower Second (50-59%), or Third (40-49%). Admission to BA programmes relies on secondary qualifications: A-levels in the UK (typically AAA-BBB grades, including relevant subjects) or the Leaving Certificate in Ireland (minimum H4 in six subjects, with points via CAO system). Assessment combines continuous evaluation through exams (often 60-70% weighting), coursework, and presentations, with progression based on passing 120 credits annually. In , the four-year structure incorporates broader interdisciplinary foundations in years one and two before honours-level specialization in years three and four. Since the 2010s, and Irish BA programmes have integrated employability-focused modules, such as skills workshops on planning, work placements, and , to enhance graduate outcomes amid economic pressures. Post-Brexit, the maintains alignment with EU equivalencies through continued participation in the , ensuring BA degrees retain recognition across Europe.

Germany

In Germany, the (BA) degree was introduced as part of the reforms initiated around 2002, replacing the traditional degree in humanities and social sciences fields. This shift aimed to standardize higher education across Europe, creating a three-cycle system of bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees to enhance mobility and employability. The standard duration of a BA program in is three years, comprising six semesters and totaling 180 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits, with each semester typically requiring credits. This structure emphasizes a modular format, allowing flexibility in course selection while ensuring progressive depth in studies. For teaching-oriented tracks, some programs offer an optional extension to 3.5 years (seven semesters) to incorporate additional pedagogical modules, though the core BA remains aligned with the 180 ECTS framework. The curriculum is organized around introductory pro-seminars, which provide foundational knowledge through guided discussions and readings, followed by advanced seminars (Hauptseminare) that foster critical analysis and debate on specialized topics. Students typically pursue a major subject combined with a minor or a second major, enabling interdisciplinary approaches common in fields like , , or ; for instance, a BA in might pair linguistic modules with electives. The program culminates in the Bachelorarbeit, a of 30-50 pages demonstrating independent , often worth 10-12 ECTS credits and supervised by faculty. Admission to BA programs requires the , Germany's higher education entrance qualification obtained after , with competitive programs using restrictions based on Abitur grades. Assessment occurs on a 1.0 to 4.0 scale, where 1.0 represents excellence and 4.0 the minimum passing grade, emphasizing written exams, presentations, and the to evaluate analytical skills and independence from the outset. By 2025, BA curricula in increasingly integrate , incorporating modules on computational analysis, data visualization, and AI applications in and social sciences to address evolving scholarly needs. Programs such as the BA in at the exemplify this trend, blending traditional humanities with digital tools for enhanced research capabilities.

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, the Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree adheres to a standardized three-year structure comprising 180 European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) credits, reflecting the bachelor's-master's continuum established by the 2002 implementation of the reforms. This aligns higher education with the European three-cycle system, where the BA serves as the first cycle, typically requiring 60 ECTS per year and emphasizing a transition from broad foundational knowledge to specialized expertise. The curriculum begins with the propedeuse, a broad first-year phase focused on introductory courses across , , and related disciplines to build core competencies and allow students to explore interests before committing to a major. In the second and third years, students specialize in areas such as , , or cultural analysis, incorporating electives, practical for real-world application, and a culminating bachelor's that demonstrates independent skills. Programs often integrate work placements to bridge academic theory with professional practice, underscoring the societal relevance of in addressing contemporary cultural and community issues. Admission to BA programs generally requires a pre-university VWO , which ensures readiness for academic rigor; selective arts-oriented programs additionally demand a portfolio showcasing or a motivation letter outlining artistic aspirations and fit. Student performance is evaluated on a 1-10 numerical scale, where 6.0 is the minimum passing grade (sufficient), 7.0-7.9 indicates more than satisfactory work, and an average of 8.0 or higher qualifies for cum laude distinction, provided no failing grades are present. As of 2025, several institutions have introduced or expanded sustainability-focused majors within BA programs, such as those in urban studies or environmental , to align with global challenges like and cultural preservation.

Other European Countries

In , the Bachelor of Arts equivalent is the Licence, a three-year awarding 180 ECTS credits, structured around specialized parcours or tracks in disciplines such as , , and to allow focused study within broader fields. This system, part of the LMD (Licence-Master-Doctorat) framework aligned with the , emphasizes modular coursework across six semesters, with 30 ECTS per semester. However, elite grandes écoles institutions, such as those offering programs in arts and humanities, often extend training to five years, incorporating intensive preparatory classes (classes préparatoires) worth up to 120 ECTS before the core degree phase. In Italy, the Laurea triennale serves as the Bachelor of Arts counterpart, comprising a three-year program totaling 180 ECTS credits at 60 credits per year, with a that includes core modules like classical studies, modern languages, and , enabling flexible elective combinations under guidelines. Similarly, Spain's Grado in and typically spans four years and 240 ECTS credits, reflecting post-2010 reforms that standardized undergraduate structures while allowing variations for professional orientation; many programs, such as those in fine or , now mandate internships (prácticas externas) of 6-12 ECTS to bridge academic and professional skills. Across Eastern European countries like Poland, Bachelor of Arts programs in humanities adhere to a three-year format equating to 180 ECTS credits, fully integrated with the European Credit Transfer System to support cross-border study. These degrees emphasize EU mobility initiatives, particularly through the Erasmus+ program, which facilitates short-term exchanges for up to 12 months and supported nearly 1.5 million total participants across all sectors in 2024, with higher education mobility forming the majority and enhancing interdisciplinary exposure in fields like cultural studies and international relations. The 2021-2027 Erasmus+ programme, with a €26.2 billion budget, emphasizes green and digital skills, supporting over 12 million participants by 2027. Common trends in these nations include accelerating shifts toward digital integration and interdisciplinary curricula by 2025, driven by commitments to adapt programs for emerging challenges like AI ethics and sustainable cultural policy. Degree equivalency is facilitated through the ENIC-NARIC networks, which provide automatic recognition of first-cycle qualifications across , ensuring seamless mobility for Bachelor of Arts holders via standardized assessments and the .

Variations in North America

United States

In the , the Bachelor of Arts (BA) is a four-year emphasizing a broad , typically awarded in fields such as , social sciences, and fine arts. This degree structure promotes intellectual versatility and through a combination of general requirements and specialized study in a major, distinguishing it from more vocationally focused programs. It is offered by a wide range of institutions, including liberal arts colleges, research universities, and public state systems, with approximately 2,600 four-year colleges and universities conferring bachelor's degrees annually as of 2022–23. The standard duration of a BA program is four years for full-time students, requiring 120 to 130 semester credits, though institutions on the quarter system—such as the —mandate approximately 180 quarter credits, equivalent to the semester standard. This credit-based framework, established by the Carnegie Unit in the early , allocates credits based on instructional hours, with students typically earning 30 credits per year through coursework, labs, and . Liberal arts colleges often prioritize smaller class sizes and interdisciplinary approaches, fostering close faculty-student interactions, while larger universities may integrate more research opportunities and professional tracks within the BA curriculum. The centers on general components, comprising about 30-40% of total credits (roughly 36-48 semester hours), distributed across , natural sciences, social sciences, and quantitative reasoning to build foundational skills. Majors require 30-50 credits of focused study, including core courses, electives, and advanced seminars, allowing specialization in areas like English, , or ; for example, American University's BA in mandates 39 credits in the major. Remaining credits fill electives, minors, or experiential requirements, enabling personalization while ensuring breadth—particularly emphasized in liberal arts colleges over the more departmentalized structures at research universities. Capstone projects or senior theses are optional in most programs, serving as culminating experiences for honors students or those in select majors to demonstrate integrated knowledge. Admission to BA programs generally relies on high school academic performance, with a minimum GPA of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale often required, alongside standardized tests like or ACT—though nearly 2,100 institutions have adopted test-optional policies as of 2025, prioritizing holistic review including essays and extracurriculars. Assessment culminates in a cumulative GPA, with awarded based on institution-specific thresholds that vary widely—commonly including cum laude around 3.5–3.7, magna cum laude around 3.7–3.9, and summa cum laude at 3.9 or higher, often combined with percentiles and calculated on all undergraduate . Recent trends reflect online and hybrid BA offerings, with enrollment in courses at 53% of postsecondary students as of fall 2023. Diversity is enhanced by (HBCUs), which award approximately 16% of s earned by African American students despite comprising only 3% of institutions as of 2021–22, and community college transfer pathways, through which about 16% of entrants complete a bachelor's degree within six years.

Canada

In Canada, the Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree is typically structured as a three- to four-year program requiring 90 to 120 credits, with variations by reflecting the country's decentralized higher education system. A four-year duration is standard in provinces like and , where programs often total 120 credits, while some Atlantic provinces offer a three-year general BA option at 90 credits. Admission to a Canadian BA program generally requires a , though in , applicants must complete two years of (Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel) pre-university studies as an equivalent. Universities assess applicants based on a minimum admission average, often calculated on a 4.0 or scale, with competitive programs requiring 70% or higher in prerequisite subjects like English. An honors BA, which emphasizes advanced study, typically demands additional credits—such as 120 total with a higher concentration in the major—and a minimum cumulative GPA of 3.0 (or equivalent B average) for entry, continuation, and graduation. The curriculum for a Canadian BA centers on a major field of study, comprising 30 to 50% of credits, alongside breadth requirements to ensure interdisciplinary exposure, such as courses in , social sciences, and sciences. Co-operative education (co-op) programs, integrating paid work terms, are common, particularly in provinces like , allowing students to alternate academic and professional experience over four to five years. In , bilingual options exist within BA programs; for instance, the offers degrees like the Bachelor in English and French Literature, though most instruction occurs in French to align with provincial language policies. Unique to Canadian BA programs are dedicated majors in Indigenous Studies, reflecting the nation's commitment to , with offerings at institutions like the and the that integrate , history, and governance. As of 2025, federal initiatives continue to emphasize equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in higher education through the Tri-Agency EDI Action Plan (2018–2025), providing funding to support underrepresented students and faculty in BA programs nationwide.

Variations in Other Regions

Asia

In Asia, the Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree reflects a blend of colonial legacies and contemporary reforms tailored to national priorities, with structures varying by country but often emphasizing centralized admissions, multidisciplinary , and cultural integration. High enrollment rates, driven by competitive entrance exams, distinguish Asian systems from more decentralized models elsewhere, fostering large-scale access to arts education amid rapid modernization. In India, the traditional BA program spans three years and is typically offered through affiliated colleges under major universities, such as , where students select majors in subjects like , , or from a range of arts disciplines. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced flexibility, allowing a three-year degree (144 credits) with multiple entry and exit options—certificates after one year, diplomas after two—and an optional fourth year for honors or (192 credits total), promoting interdisciplinary choices and skill-based learning in . This reform aims to align Indian higher education with global standards while accommodating diverse student pathways in arts programs. China's BA equivalent, known as the benke degree, is a four-year undergraduate program focused on humanities and social sciences, regulated by the Ministry of and accessed primarily through the national entrance exam, which includes humanities tracks covering literature, history, and . State oversight ensures integration of ideological and political education across the curriculum, with mandatory courses on , Chinese socialism, and national values embedded in all majors to cultivate civic awareness alongside academic study. Universities like offer BA tracks emphasizing classical Chinese studies and , reflecting the system's emphasis on within a structured, exam-driven framework. In other Asian countries, BA programs generally last four years, adapting liberal arts traditions to local contexts. Japan's national universities, such as the University of Tokyo's College of Arts and Sciences, provide comprehensive liberal arts tracks in the first two years, followed by specialization in humanities like or , promoting broad intellectual development. South Korea's four-year BA degrees, offered at institutions like , increasingly feature English-medium instruction to attract global talent, with programs in areas such as or media arts delivered fully in English to enhance international competitiveness. In Pakistan, the Higher Education Commission (HEC) mandated a shift to four-year BS/BA programs starting in 2018, phasing out two-year degrees to achieve equivalence with international standards and improve graduate employability in arts fields like and fine arts. Emerging trends in Asian BA programs include the rapid growth of by 2025, integrating computational tools with traditional arts curricula to analyze cultural texts and heritage. In , over 60 digital humanities research institutions have been established since 2020, supporting BA-level courses in data-driven literary analysis and virtual archiving. Regional initiatives, such as UNESCO's 2025 study on in East Asian higher education, which examines technology adoption and skills development in countries including and , foster interdisciplinary approaches in higher education.

Australia and Oceania

In Australia, the Bachelor of Arts is typically a three-year undergraduate degree requiring 144 credit points, equivalent to full-time study of 48 credit points per year, and is positioned at Level 7 of the Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF), which ensures national standards for learning outcomes including advanced knowledge and skills in humanities and social sciences. Students select majors in areas such as , , English, and , often combining a primary major (typically 96-120 credit points) with electives or , as exemplified by the University of Sydney's program emphasizing analytical thinking and independent judgment across liberal arts disciplines. An optional fourth-year honors program, involving advanced research and , extends the degree to prepare students for postgraduate study or professional roles, aligning with the AQF's provisions for enhanced research capabilities at Level 8. New Zealand's Bachelor of Arts mirrors this three-year structure, comprising 360 points (24 courses at 15 points each), with students required to pursue at least two majors in humanities subjects like , , or Māori and Pacific studies, fostering interdisciplinary and critical inquiry. Influenced by the country's bicultural framework under Te Tiriti o Waitangi, curricula integrate Māori-Pākehā perspectives, such as through specializations in bicultural competence at the , which build cultural awareness for sectors requiring cross-cultural collaboration. Programs like those at incorporate Māori worldviews in media and communication majors, promoting equitable representation of indigenous knowledge alongside Western academic traditions. In the Pacific Islands, such as , the Bachelor of Arts follows a 3-4 year duration modeled on British colonial educational systems, emphasizing regional humanities and social sciences through institutions like the , which offers majors in Pacific arts, communication, and iTaukei (indigenous Fijian) studies to address local cultural and environmental contexts. At the University of Fiji, double majors in English literature and iTaukei language and culture highlight the blend of colonial literary traditions with indigenous oral histories and , supporting community-focused scholarship. These programs, often spanning 120-144 credit points, prioritize studies in Pacific history, , and , reflecting the region's diverse island societies and post-colonial identities. Recent trends in and as of 2025 include the expansion of majors in and , driven by climate imperatives and reconciliation efforts; for instance, Universities Australia's Indigenous Strategy 2022-2025 promotes integration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives into arts curricula, with emerging programs combining with at universities like the University of Otago's Pacific Islands Studies major. The AQF framework facilitates equivalency recognition across these nations, allowing seamless credit transfer and mobility for BA graduates pursuing regional or international opportunities in fields.

Latin America and Africa

In , the Bachelor of Arts equivalent is typically the licenciatura, a sequential undergraduate program lasting 4 to 5 years that emphasizes foundational coursework followed by specialized modules and a culminating or final project. In , the licenciatura in fields such as or requires at least 4 years of study, integrating theoretical and practical components to prepare graduates for professional or academic pursuits. Similarly, in , the bacharelado in arts and social sciences spans 4 to 6 years, often including interdisciplinary elements and a , reflecting a structure influenced by postcolonial educational models that prioritize depth over breadth. Across , Bachelor of Arts programs generally last 3 to 4 years, aligned with national qualifications frameworks that promote accessibility and regional relevance. In , the BA is a 3-year degree at NQF Level 7, comprising 360 credits and frequently incorporating majors in African languages such as isiZulu or Sesotho to foster cultural preservation and linguistic diversity. In , the BA follows a 4-year structure for arts disciplines, building on with a curriculum that includes and major-specific courses, as standardized by the . Both regions face significant challenges in delivering BA programs, including resource constraints that limit and support, leading to high dropout rates in early university years across Latin American institutions. In , similar issues exacerbate inequities, with underfunding contributing to overcrowded classrooms and incomplete curricula. A notable emphasis in both areas is on majors, which integrate economic, social, and environmental analyses to address regional issues like inequality and , as seen in interdisciplinary programs at universities in and . Emerging trends include efforts to integrate pan-African curricula under the African Union's , which promotes embedding continental history, languages, and ideals into higher education to build unity and skills for , culminating in the 2025 launch of the AU Decade of Education (2025-2034). Equivalency and mobility are advanced through regional bodies like the AU's Continental Higher Education Harmonisation Program and the East African Community's Common Higher Education Area, which facilitate qualification recognition and cross-border .

References

  1. https://www.nu.edu/blog/what-is-a-bachelor-of-arts-degree/
  2. https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/education/what-is-a-bachelor-of-arts-degree/
  3. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1974966
  4. https://www.academicapparel.com/caps/History-Academic-Degrees.html
  5. https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/education/difference-between-bachelor-of-arts-and-bachelor-of-science
  6. https://asuonline.asu.edu/newsroom/online-learning-tips/ba-vs-bs-differences/
  7. https://www.aiuniv.edu/degrees/business/articles/bs-vs-ba-degree
  8. https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/unemployment-earnings-education.htm
  9. https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/education/what-is-a-bachelor-of-arts-degree
  10. https://charleston.edu/classics/academics/abdegree.php
  11. https://catalog.upp.pitt.edu/preview_program.php?catoid=235&poid=73563
  12. https://education.ec.europa.eu/education-levels/higher-education/inclusive-and-connected-higher-education/european-credit-transfer-and-accumulation-system
  13. https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/liberal-arts/what-is-a-liberal-arts-degree
  14. https://www.collegeatlas.org/bachelor-of-arts.html
  15. https://www.snhu.edu/about-us/newsroom/education/what-can-you-do-with-a-ba-degree
  16. https://www.unibo.it/en/university/who-we-are/our-history
  17. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED471732.pdf
  18. https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/bachelor-of-arts
  19. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Renaissance
  20. https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15188a.htm
  21. https://www.classicalhistorian.com/classical-education-in-history.html
  22. https://www.universitylawtutors.co.uk/history-of-university-law-in-europe-enlightenment-and-the-rise-of-modern-universities
  23. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381003793_Wilhelm_von_Humboldt%27s_Educational_Reforms_Foundations_of_the_Modern_Research_University
  24. https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/14/figure/the-humboldtian-model-of-higher-education/
  25. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/a-brief-history-of-the-modern-indian-university
  26. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/7492A41816FF0D5FA146AFBE244E4E21/S0021086221000220a.pdf/persian_studies_in_india_and_the_colonial_universities_18571947.pdf
  27. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666374025000470
  28. https://www.qeios.com/read/OZ91L8
  29. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/gi-bill-and-planning-postwar
  30. https://time.com/3915231/student-veterans/
  31. https://education.ec.europa.eu/education-levels/higher-education/inclusive-and-connected-higher-education/bologna-process
  32. https://wenr.wes.org/2014/06/towards-a-european-higher-education-area-15-years-of-bologna
  33. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3447442
  34. https://www.japan-experience.com/plan-your-trip/to-know/understanding-japan/westernization
  35. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1479100.pdf
  36. https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/31bff8ef-d42b-4ebd-aee0-ff03fd0a438b/1007147.pdf
  37. https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf
  38. https://www.ugc.gov.in/pdfnews/7193743_FYUGP.pdf
  39. https://www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/sites/default/files/uploads/UUKi%2520reports/PakistanHE_iNotes_June17_final.pdf
  40. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1441385.pdf
  41. https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/articles/how-bachelors-degrees-in-the-us-and-europe-differ
  42. http://www.u-eeni.edu.es/en/Degree-Duration-Countries.shtml
  43. https://www.coursera.org/articles/how-many-credits-do-you-need-to-graduate-college
  44. https://www.educations.com/student-resources/ects-to-us-credits-conversion
  45. https://www.enic-naric.net/page-lisbon-recognition-convention
  46. https://catalog.ufl.edu/UGRD/academic-programs/general-education/
  47. https://www.college.upenn.edu/degree-requirements
  48. https://advising.college.harvard.edu/academic-planning-for-students/curriculum-and-requirements/
  49. https://poorvucenter.yale.edu/teaching/teaching-resource-library/formative-summative-assessments
  50. https://www.sdmesa.edu/outcomes-assessment-guide/instructional-services/course-learning-outcomes/methods-of-assessments.shtml
  51. https://www.naropa.edu/programs/undergraduate-academics/ba-capstone-projects/
  52. https://www.lps.upenn.edu/degree-programs/mla/curriculum/capstones
  53. https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaa/quality-code/the-frameworks-for-higher-education-qualifications-of-uk-degree-awarding-bodies-2024.pdf
  54. https://www.qqi.ie/sites/default/files/media/file-uploads/NFQ%2520Referencing%2520Report%252012-2020.pdf
  55. https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/education/third-level-education/colleges-and-qualifications/third-level-education-in-ireland/
  56. https://www.qaa.ac.uk/docs/qaas/focus-on/employability-and-the-austerity-decade.pdf
  57. https://www.daad.de/en/the-daad/communication-publications/press/press_releases/2024/daad-wuerdigt-bologna-prozess/
  58. https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-en/service/archive/bologna-process-1875358
  59. https://www.hrk.de/uploads/media/GERMAN_HIGHER_EDUCATION_SYSTEM.pdf
  60. https://www.uni-bamberg.de/en/german-studies/studies/bachelor-german-language-literatures-and-cultures/structure-and-curriculum/
  61. https://www.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/en/Professorships/bwl/wi/lehre/abschlussarbeiten/faq-1
  62. https://schoolsabroadhandbooks.middcreate.net/germany/academic-administrative-matters/university-courses/
  63. https://www.studying-in-germany.org/german-abitur/
  64. https://www.studying-in-germany.org/german-grading-system/
  65. https://www.daad.de/en/studying-in-germany/universities/all-degree-programmes/detail/university-of-wuerzburg-digital-humanities-g591315/?hec-id=g591315
  66. https://www.studyinnl.org/dutch-education/bachelors
  67. https://www.eur.nl/en/bachelor/international-bachelor-arts-and-culture-studies/programme-overview
  68. https://students.uu.nl/en/hum/arts-and-society/my-studies/internship
  69. https://www.kabk.nl/en/programmes/bachelor/fine-arts/admission-requirements
  70. https://www.studyinnl.org/dutch-education/dutch-grading-system
  71. https://www.yufe.eu/yufe-bachelor/
  72. https://www.campusfrance.org/en/French-degrees-LMD-equivalences
  73. https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/eurypedia/france/bachelor
  74. https://www.euroeducation.net/prof/franco.htm
  75. https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/eurypedia/italy/bachelor
  76. https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/eurypedia/spain/bachelor
  77. https://www.euroeducation.net/prof/spainco.htm
  78. https://study.gov.pl/recognition-degrees
  79. https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/eurypedia/poland/mobility-higher-education
  80. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/opportunities/opportunities-for-individuals/students/studying-abroad
  81. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/news/almost-15-million-people-went-on-an-erasmus-mobility-in-2024-according-to-latest-report
  82. https://www.eua.eu/publications/reports/trends-2024.html
  83. https://eurydice.eacea.ec.europa.eu/publications/european-higher-education-area-2024-bologna-process-implementation-report
  84. https://www.enic-naric.net/page-automatic-recognition-european-degrees
  85. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d23/tables/dt23_303.80.asp
  86. https://advising.uw.edu/degree-overview/your-uw-degree/
  87. https://www.lyon.edu/how-is-a-liberal-arts-college-is-different-from-other-colleges
  88. https://asp.osu.edu/sites/default/files/2022-07/legacy_general_education_requirements_for_the_bachelor_of_arts_degree.pdf
  89. https://mycatalog.txstate.edu/undergraduate/general-education-core-curriculum/
  90. https://www.american.edu/spa/gov/degrees/ba-pols-curriculum.cfm
  91. https://www.newschool.edu/nssr/international-affairs-capstone-options/
  92. https://fairtest.org/test-optional-list/
  93. https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/applying/articles/what-to-know-about-latin-honors-in-college
  94. https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/TrendGenerator/app/build-table/2/42?rid=6&cid=85
  95. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/10/02/a-look-at-historically-black-colleges-and-universities-in-the-u-s/
  96. https://nscresearchcenter.org/tracking-transfer/
  97. https://benedict.edu/why-choose-an-hbcu/
  98. https://www.bachelorsportal.com/countries/degrees/537788430/bachelor-of-arts-in-canada.html
  99. https://www.ucanwest.ca/blog/education-careers-tips/bachelor-of-arts-degree-requirements
  100. https://www.arts.ubc.ca/degree-planning/degree-requirements/bachelor-of-arts/
  101. https://smu-ca-public.courseleaf.com/undergraduate/faculties/faculty-arts/bachelor-arts/
  102. https://you.ubc.ca/applying-ubc/requirements/
  103. https://www.mcgill.ca/undergraduate-admissions/apply/requirements
  104. https://calendar.ualberta.ca/content.php?catoid=56&navoid=17355
  105. https://artsci.calendar.utoronto.ca/hbahbsc-requirements
  106. https://smu-ca-public.courseleaf.com/undergraduate/faculties/faculty-arts/bachelor-arts--honours/
  107. https://uwaterloo.ca/arts/undergraduate/programs/ba-degree-requirements-overview
  108. https://www.mun.ca/university-calendar/st-johns-campus/faculty-of-humanities-and-social-sciences/6/1/
  109. https://utsc.calendar.utoronto.ca/section/Arts-and-Science-Co~op
  110. https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/universite-de-montreal/undergrad/bachelor-english-french-literature
  111. https://umanitoba.ca/explore/programs-of-study/indigenous-studies-ba
  112. https://you.ubc.ca/ubc_programs/indigenous-studies/
  113. https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/Interagency-Interorganismes/EDI-EDI/Action-Plan_Plan-dAction_eng.asp
  114. https://www.du.ac.in/uploads/UGCF2022_English_version.pdf
  115. https://www.nuffic.nl/en/education-systems/china/higher-education
  116. https://wenr.wes.org/2019/12/education-in-china-3
  117. https://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/academics/cas.html
  118. https://en.snu.ac.kr/academics/programs/undergraduate
  119. https://propakistani.pk/2017/03/17/pakistan-phase-2-year-ba-bsc-ma-msc-degrees-hec/
  120. https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202510/15/WS68ef8d47a310f735438b5303.html
  121. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-launches-landmark-study-digital-transformation-east-asian-higher-education
  122. https://www.aqf.edu.au/framework/aqf-qualifications
  123. https://www.sydney.edu.au/courses/courses/uc/bachelor-of-arts.html
  124. https://www.uwa.edu.au/study/courses/bachelor-of-arts
  125. https://www.auckland.ac.nz/en/study/study-options/find-a-study-option/bachelor-of-arts-ba.html
  126. https://www.canterbury.ac.nz/study/academic-study/arts/study-arts/arts-qualifications/ba-specialisations
  127. https://www.aut.ac.nz/courses/bachelor-of-arts/maori-media-major-bachelor-of-arts
  128. https://www.usp.ac.fj/usp-space/
  129. https://www.unifiji.ac.fj/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Bachelor-of-Arts-Double-Major-in-English-Language-and-Literature-and-iTaukei.pdf
  130. https://universitiesaustralia.edu.au/policy-submissions/diversity-equity/universities-australias-indigenous-strategy-2022-2025/
  131. https://www.otago.ac.nz/courses/qualifications/ba?subject=416719
  132. https://www.nuffic.nl/en/education-systems/mexico/higher-education
  133. https://qogentglobal.com/study-in-mexico/explore/education-system
  134. https://www.brazileducation.info/higher-education/types-of-degrees-in-brazil.html
  135. https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Register-to-study-through-Unisa/Undergraduate-&-honours-qualifications/Find-your-qualification-&-choose-your-modules/All-qualifications/Bachelor-of-Arts-%2899311-%25E2%2580%2593-GEN%29
  136. https://www.bachelorsportal.com/countries/degrees/539869198/bachelor-of-arts-in-nigeria.html
  137. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15348431.2023.2271570
  138. https://www.aplu.org/wp-content/uploads/african-higher-education-opportunities-for-transformative-change-for-sustainable-development.pdf
  139. https://www.su.se/english/research/research-subjects/latinamerikastudier/utvecklingsfr%25C3%25A5gor-i-latinamerika
  140. https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20251001/auc-launches-decade-education-and-six-strategic-frameworks-pacted-2025
  141. https://education-au.org/programs/176-au-higher-education-program
  142. https://wenr.wes.org/2018/12/common-higher-education-area-chea-of-the-east-african-community
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.