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Azawakh
Azawakh
Azawakh
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Azawakh
image of a slender dog vaguely like a greyhound. White front legs, rest of body light brown. very short hair, pronounced ribcage with some ribs visible, thin tail up and curved into a circle with a white tip. ears triangular in shape drooping down close to the head.
Azawakh female
Other namesIdi
Hanshee
Oska
Rawondu
Bareeru
Wulo
(formerly) Tuareg Sloughi
OriginMali, Niger, Burkina Faso
Traits
Height Males 64–74 cm (25–29 in)
Females 60–70 cm (24–28 in)
Weight Males 20–25 kg (44–55 lb)
Females 15–20 kg (33–44 lb)
Coat Short, fine
Color Fawn
Kennel club standards
Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

The Azawakh is a breed of dog from West Africa. With ancient origins, it is raised throughout the Sahelian zone of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. This region includes the Azawagh Valley for which the breed is named. While commonly associated with the nomadic Tuareg people, the dogs are also bred and owned by other ethnic groups, such as the Peulh, Bella, and Hausa. The Azawakh is more related to the Sloughi than it is to the Saluki.[1][unreliable source?]

Description

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A male Azawakh

Appearance

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Slim and elegant, with bone structure and muscles showing through thin skin. Eyes are almond-shaped.

The coat is very short and almost absent on the belly. Its bone structure shows clearly through the skin and musculature. Its muscles are "dry", meaning that they are quite flat, unlike the Greyhound and Whippet. In this respect it is similar in type to the Saluki.

Colours

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Colours permitted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) breed standard are clear sand to dark fawn/brown, red and brindle (with or without a dark mask), with white bib, tail tip, and white on all feet (which can be tips of toes to high stockings). Since 2015 white stockings that go above the elbow joint are considered disqualifying features in the FCI member countries, as is a white collar or half collar (Irish marked).

Some conservationists support the idea that in Africa, Azawakhs are still found in a variety of colours such as red, blue fawn (that is, with a lilac cast), grizzle, and, rarely, blue and black with various white markings including Irish marked (white collar) and particolour (mostly white).[2] Because of this wide color variation in the native population, the American standard used by the AKC and UKC allows any color combination found in Africa.

Movement

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Azawakh in motion
Azawakh in movement

The Azawakh's light, supple, lissome gait is a notable breed characteristic, as is an upright double suspension gallop.

Temperament

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Bred by the Tuareg, Fula and various other nomads of the Sahara and sub-Saharan Sahel in the countries of Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, and southern Algeria, the breed known by the Tuaregs as ”Oska” was used there as a guard dog and to hunt gazelle and hare at speeds up to 65 km/h (40 mph). The austerity of the Sahel environment has ensured that only the most fit dogs survive and has accentuated the breed's ruggedness and independence. Unlike some other sighthounds, the Azawakh is more of a pack hunter and they bump down the quarry with hindquarters when it has been tired out. In role of a guard dog, if an Azawakh senses danger it will bark to alert the other members of the pack, and they will gather together as a pack under the lead of the alpha dog, then chase off or attack the predator.

Unlike other sighthounds, the primary function of the Azawakh in its native land is that of a guard dog.[3] It develops an intense bond with its owner, and tend to be reserved with strangers.

Azawakh have high energy and tremendous endurance. They are excellent training companions for runners. Many Azawakh dislike rain and cold weather.

Azawakh are pack oriented and form complex social hierarchies. They have tremendous memories and are able to recognize each other after long periods of separation. They can often be found sleeping on top of each other for warmth and companionship.[4]

Breed history

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Azawakh among the Tuareg

The breed is relatively uncommon in Europe and North America but there is a growing band of devotees. Azawakh may be registered with the FCI in the USA via the Federación Canófila de Puerto Rico (FCPR).[5] European FCI clubs and the AKC recognize the FCPR as an acceptable registry. The AKC recognized the Azawakh a member of the Hound group in 2019.[6] The American Azawakh Association (AAA)[7] is the AKC Parent Club for the Azawakh. Azawakh may be registered with the UKC and ARBA. The breed is not yet registered by CKC. Azawakh are eligible for ASFA and AKC lure coursing and NOFCA open field coursing events.

See also

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References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Azawakh

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Azawakh is a rare and ancient breed of originating from the Sahelian region of , particularly the Azawakh Valley spanning , , and , where it was developed by the nomadic as a swift hunter of game and vigilant guardian of and camps. Known for its elegant, athletic build, the Azawakh stands 23 to 29 inches tall at the shoulder and weighs 33 to 55 pounds, featuring a lean frame with long legs, a deep chest, and a short, fine coat in shades of fawn, red, , or parti-color, often accented by white markings on the legs, bib, and tail tip. Historically, the Azawakh has served as a cherished companion to Saharan nomads for over a , prized for its speed—capable of reaching up to 40 —and endurance in harsh environments, while also providing protection against intruders due to its alert nature and strong territorial instincts. The breed remained relatively isolated until the late , with the first Azawakhs exported to in the 1970s and to the in the mid-1980s; it gained formal recognition from the American Kennel Club's Foundation Stock Service in 1997 and full breed status in the Hound Group in 2019. Today, the Azawakh is valued worldwide as a loyal dog, though its rarity—coupled with a limited —means responsible breeding is essential to maintain health and temperament. In terms of temperament, Azawakhs are deeply affectionate and devoted to their owners, forming strong bonds with family members while remaining reserved, aloof, or even wary toward strangers, which enhances their role as natural watchdogs. Independent and intelligent, they exhibit a gentle, playful side at home but possess a high that requires secure fencing and leashed outings to prevent chasing small animals; they thrive with daily exercise, such as running or lure , and positive reinforcement training to channel their self-willed nature. Generally healthy with a lifespan of 12 to 15 years, the breed may be prone to , , autoimmune disorders, and gastric dilatation-volvulus (bloat), underscoring the importance of health screenings from reputable breeders. Care for an Azawakh is straightforward yet demanding in activity: their short requires only weekly brushing and minimal bathing, but they are sensitive to cold weather and prefer warm climates, often needing protective in cooler areas. A high-quality diet tailored to their lean build helps prevent , and early ensures they adapt well to households, though they may not suit homes with very young children or small pets due to their heritage. As a versatile , the Azawakh excels in performance sports like while offering unwavering companionship to dedicated owners.

History and Origins

Ancient Roots in West Africa

The Azawakh traces its origins to ancient African that emerged over 5,000 years ago in the , evolving from Neolithic lupoid types adapted to the harsh environments of what is now , , and . These early dogs were integral to the nomadic Tuareg peoples, who utilized them for such as gazelles and hares across vast arid landscapes, as well as for protecting during migrations. Archaeological evidence, including rock paintings from sites like in the , depicts similar slender hounds alongside human figures, supporting their prehistoric presence in the region. In traditional Sahelian nomadic life, the Azawakh served as a vital guardian against predators, including and , that threatened herds in the extreme conditions of the southern . Raised among Tuareg encampments, these dogs patrolled camps at night, using their keen senses to deter intruders and wildlife, thereby ensuring the of pastoral communities in environments marked by scarce resources and high temperatures. Their role extended beyond utility, embedding them deeply in the daily rhythms of migration and across the zone. Genetic studies confirm links between the Azawakh and other African , such as the , revealing shared morphological and genomic traits indicative of independent African origins distinct from Eurasian breeds. Oral histories preserved among Sahelian nomads further describe the breed's development through for speed and resilience, with archaeological and ethnographic records underscoring their continuity over millennia. Among the Tuareg and Fula peoples, the Azawakh held profound cultural significance as symbols of nobility and endurance, prized for their ability to thrive in extreme heat exceeding 40°C (104°F) while maintaining stamina during long pursuits. Nomads often adorned them with protective collars and amulets, naming individuals based on coat colors or traits, reflecting a bond where the dogs were regarded as companions akin to family members in the unforgiving . This reverence highlights their role not merely as working animals but as embodiments of the nomadic spirit's resilience.

Breed Development and Recognition

In the post-colonial period, the Azawakh faced near-extinction in due to modernization and the decline of nomadic lifestyles, which reduced the demand for the breed's traditional roles as guardians and hunters. Starting in the 1970s, French enthusiasts, including civil servants and stationed in former colonies, began preservation efforts by importing the first Azawakh specimens to , particularly , to prevent the breed's disappearance. These initiatives focused on to maintain the dogs' original characteristics while adapting them to new environments. The first breed standard was drafted in the 1970s by members of the Sloughi Club of based on early imports from , with the official standard formalized in 1979 by French breed preservation groups. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) subsequently recognized the Azawakh as a separate breed on June 3, 1980, classifying it in Group 10 (), Section 3 (Short-haired ), under French patronage. This recognition solidified the breed's international identity, distinct from related sighthounds like the . The Azawakh reached the in the mid-1980s, with the first American litter born on October 31, 1987. The American Azawakh Association was established on February 7, 1988, to promote ethical breeding and ensure the breed's future in . Further milestones include recognition by the (UKC) on January 1, 1993, entry into the (AKC) Foundation Stock Service in 1997, and full AKC recognition in the Hound Group on January 1, 2019. As of circa 2020, the worldwide population of Azawakhs is estimated at fewer than 3,000 individuals, classifying it as a critically that continues to require dedicated conservation to preserve its genetic and ties to ancient nomadic guardian functions.

Physical Characteristics

Body Structure and Appearance

The Azawakh possesses an elegant, leggy build characterized by a deep chest, tucked , and arched , which collectively optimize running efficiency across arid terrains. Its fine-boned yet muscular frame contributes to a rangy , with prominent hip bones that are equal to or higher than the , enhancing balance and stride length. This structure, shaped by its historical role in nomadic , underscores a lightweight where and muscle are visible beneath thin, dry skin. The head is narrow and chiseled, featuring a flat, elongated that is significantly less than half the head in width, paired with a long, straight muzzle comprising about half the total head . Almond-shaped eyes provide keen vision, while large, mobile, triangular ears droop when at rest, aiding in sensory detection during pursuits. The neck is long, fine, and slightly arched, merging seamlessly into the shoulders without any , supporting fluid head carriage. The body fits into a near-vertical , with a straight or slightly rising topline from prominent to the hips, and long, lean that descend deeply toward the elbows. The is highly tucked, accentuating the arched , while the whip-like is thin, tapered, and low-set, reaching the hock and carried low or in a gentle . Fore and hind legs are long and vertical, with open angles at the shoulders, thighs, and stifles—approximately 130 to 140 degrees—to facilitate powerful propulsion. These anatomical features include adaptations for heat dissipation in Sahelian climates, such as thin that allows for efficient cooling and a sparse overall covering to minimize insulation. The transparent quality of the skin over bones and muscles further aids in by promoting airflow during high-speed activity.

Coat, Colors, and Markings

The Azawakh's coat is characteristically short, , and smooth, lying close to the body with no undercoat and becoming almost absent on the belly, which aids in in hot environments. According to the (FCI) standard, the hair is "short, , and down to none on the belly," emphasizing its sleek, lightweight nature. The (AKC) standard similarly describes it as "short, , down to none on the belly," with tight, over the entire body. Harsh, wired, or semi-long coats are considered serious faults or disqualifying in both standards, as they deviate from the breed's adapted form. Accepted colors align with the breed's origins in warm, arid regions, featuring warm earth tones for natural . The FCI standard specifies all shades of fawn from clear to dark fawn (), with or without brindling and a possible mask on the muzzle; other brindle shades, solid , diluted colors like blue or lilac, and solid white are not permitted. In contrast, the AKC standard deems color and markings immaterial, permitting broader variations including those not allowed under FCI rules. These color restrictions in the FCI reflect the traditional African phenotypes, prioritizing sandy to red-fawn hues that blend with Sahelian landscapes. Markings are typically limited to white patches on the extremities, enhancing the breed's elegant, streamlined appearance without overwhelming the base color. Under FCI guidelines, is acceptable as or traces on all four legs (at least on the feet), a bib or patches on the chest extending to the base of the neck, and a tip on the ; a blaze on the face is possible but inconstant, while a full collar or invasive coverage is disqualifying. Partial collars or irregular extensions may reduce show eligibility in FCI-sanctioned events by approaching fault thresholds, whereas AKC evaluations overlook such variations entirely. This patterning underscores the Azawakh's functional , balancing visibility for with concealment in the wild.

Size, Weight, and Movement

The Azawakh is a tall, slender characterized by its leggy build, with males typically measuring 25 to 29 inches (64 to 74 cm) at the and females 23 to 27 inches (58 to 69 cm) according to the AKC; the FCI specifies males 64 to 74 cm and females 60 to 70 cm, with a tolerance of ±2 cm. Weight ranges from 33 to 55 pounds (15 to 25 kg) overall, with males at 44 to 55 pounds (20 to 25 kg) and females at 33 to 44 pounds (15 to 20 kg); the emphasizes a lean body condition where three to five ribs and hip bones are visible at optimal weight, reflecting its adaptation to arid West African environments. Deviations in height exceeding one inch from these ranges are considered serious faults under guidelines. In terms of proportions, the Azawakh exhibits a height-to-body-length of approximately 10:9 (or body length at 90% of height), slightly favoring height over length to enhance speed and agility; this may be marginally lower in females. Such dimensions contribute to the breed's elegant, upright , with the height at the exceeding the depth of the chest in a 10:4 , underscoring its streamlined form suited for swift pursuits. The Azawakh's movement is a hallmark of its heritage, featuring a smooth, far-reaching with powerful extension and effortless floating action, where the front foot does not extend beyond the nose; the walk is graceful and elastic, while the gallop is springy and leaping. This conveys supreme lightness and elasticity, essential for the breed's historical role in hunting across the . Faults in movement, such as hackney action (high-stepping), pounding, stiffness, or exaggerated reach and drive, are penalized as they indicate suboptimal structure or breeding quality. A body that is too long or hips lower than the may also compromise efficiency, potentially leading to severe or disqualifying faults.

Temperament and Behavior

Personality and Social Traits

The Azawakh exhibits an independent and aloof demeanor toward strangers, a trait rooted in its historical role as a guardian of nomadic encampments in . This reserved nature makes the breed wary and protective of its territory, often displaying a dignified posture rather than overt aggression. Despite this wariness, the Azawakh forms deep bonds with its family, becoming deeply loyal and affectionate once trust is established. These dogs thrive on gentle interaction and positive , responding poorly to harsh handling that could erode their . With proper early , Azawakhs can integrate into households but are not recommended for homes with young children due to their size, energy, and reserved nature toward unfamiliar people. They have a high , making them unsuitable for homes with small pets unless raised together from puppyhood; constant supervision is essential. Azawakhs possess high , characterized by a thoughtful and observant temperament rather than exuberant playfulness. They prefer quiet vigilance over boisterous activities, often engaging in calm companionship that suits laid-back family environments. This reserved allows them to assess situations methodically, contributing to their role as intuitive companions. In terms of vocalization, Azawakhs are generally quiet during daily routines, maintaining low noise levels in the . However, they readily bark to alert their family of potential intruders, fulfilling their protective instincts without excessive yapping. This balanced vocal behavior underscores their alert yet composed personality.

Working Roles and

The Azawakh exhibits a pronounced prey drive, characterized by an instinctive urge to pursue and course fast-moving game using keen eyesight and explosive speed. Traditionally bred by Tuareg nomads in , these dogs excel at hunting hares and gazelles across vast, open Sahelian terrain, relying on their agility to chase prey over extended distances in arid environments. This drive stems from their historical role as efficient pack hunters, where they would pursue smaller game like hares, demonstrating both burst speed up to 40 miles per hour and sustained pursuit capabilities. In addition to hunting, the Azawakh fulfills vital roles as a and camp guardian, patrolling nomadic herds of goats and cattle with vigilant alertness to ward off predators such as or . Their protective instincts emphasize deterrence through rapid response and intimidating presence rather than aggressive confrontation, allowing them to safeguard resources in harsh conditions without endangering themselves or the flock. This dual functionality as hunter and guardian highlights their versatility, with their lean build and tolerance enabling effective performance in scorching temperatures exceeding 100°F. In modern contexts, Azawakhs thrive in structured activities that channel their instincts, such as lure and agility sports, where they demonstrate exceptional speed and precision in simulated hunts. Their remarkable endurance supports in hot weather, covering great distances across desert-like terrains without fatigue, a trait adapted from centuries of Saharan pursuits. However, their inherent independence poses training challenges, as they may resist commands that conflict with their autonomous nature; positive reinforcement techniques, emphasizing rewards and consistency, are crucial for redirecting into appropriate outlets like controlled .

Health and Maintenance

Common Health Concerns

The Azawakh is generally considered a hardy breed with a low incidence of , though breeders are advised to screen via Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) or PennHip radiographs to monitor for any emerging risks in the population. Despite this resilience, the breed faces predispositions to certain rare cardiac conditions. Eye issues represent another concern, with certification through the OFA Eyes (formerly Canine Eye Registration Foundation, or CERF) recommended to detect potential problems. Autoimmune disorders are prevalent among Azawakhs, with hypothyroidism being the most common, often manifesting as , , and skin issues; thyroid screening via blood tests is essential for breeding stock. Other autoimmune conditions include , , and generalized demodectic , which can be screened through comprehensive blood chemistry panels. Von Willebrand disease, an inherited bleeding disorder, is also reported in the breed and requires diagnostic testing for clotting factors in breeding dogs. Additionally, the breed's deep-chested structure predisposes it to gastric dilatation-volvulus (bloat), a life-threatening involving torsion, though cases remain rare in documented lines. Seizures also occur sporadically, with affected individuals advised against breeding due to the lack of reliable . To mitigate these risks, the Azawakh Club of America endorses health certifications through OFA and the Canine Health Information Center (), emphasizing cardiac evaluations (such as echocardiograms), thyroid testing, and eye exams. The breed's average lifespan is 12-15 years, supported by proactive screening in responsible breeding programs. As a rare breed with a limited global population, within isolated lines exacerbates vulnerabilities to these genetic conditions, underscoring the need for diverse pedigree selection.

Care Requirements and Lifespan

The Azawakh's short, fine requires minimal grooming, typically involving a weekly brushing with a soft or hound glove to distribute natural oils, remove loose hair, and maintain . Bathing should be infrequent, only when the becomes dirty, using a mild to prevent drying out the sensitive . Routine nail trimming every few weeks is necessary to avoid overgrowth that could affect movement, while ears should be checked and cleaned weekly with a vet-approved solution to prevent infections from debris accumulation. As an athletic , the Azawakh demands 1 to 2 hours of daily high-intensity exercise, such as running or lure in a securely fenced area, to satisfy its energy levels and prevent boredom-related behaviors. This breed's thin coat and low body fat make it particularly sensitive to cold weather, so exercise should be limited during extreme low temperatures, with protective clothing provided if necessary. Dietary needs for the Azawakh focus on a high-quality, high-protein formula with lean meats to support its slender, muscular build and high , while moderate fats and carbohydrates provide sustained energy. Portion control is crucial, feeding adults approximately 2 to 3 cups daily divided into two meals, adjusted for activity level to avoid in less active individuals. Azawakhs thrive in warm, arid climates similar to their Sahelian origins, requiring access to a spacious yard or open areas for running to accommodate their need for freedom and speed. They adapt well as affectionate indoor family companions but are not suited to small apartments without ample daily outlets for exercise and mental stimulation. With diligent care including balanced nutrition, regular veterinary checkups, and preventive health screenings, the breed's average lifespan ranges from 12 to 15 years.

References

  1. https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/azawakh/
  2. https://www.thesprucepets.com/azawakh-full-profile-history-and-care-4766859
  3. https://www.webmd.com/pets/dogs/what-to-know-about-azawakh
  4. https://www.azawakhs.org/Pages/AboutAzawakh.aspx
  5. http://www.azawakh.fr/articles/these_roussel_anglais.html
  6. https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/40/8/msad158/7222862
  7. https://azawakh.com.au/?page_id=92
  8. https://azawakh.com.au/?page_id=108
  9. https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/Azawakh-307.html
  10. https://www.popsci.com/story/animals/azawakh-new-breed-westminster-dog-show/
  11. https://www.azawakhclub.org/
  12. https://www.ukcdogs.com/azawakh
  13. https://puredogtalk.com/captivate-podcast/349-azawakh-the-camp-guardians-of-the-tuareg-people-pure-dog-talk/
  14. https://www.westminsterkennelclub.org/breed/azawakh/
  15. https://images.akc.org/pdf/judges/Azawakh_Standard.pdf
  16. https://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/307g10-en.pdf
  17. https://dogtime.com/dog-breeds/azawakh
  18. https://www.azawakhs.org/Pages/Temperment.aspx
  19. https://www.petmd.com/dog/breeds/azawakh
  20. https://www.instrideazawakh.com/blog/categories/azawakh-education
  21. https://showsightmagazine.com/dog-breeds/azawakh/
  22. https://www.purina.co.uk/find-a-pet/dog-breeds/azawakh
  23. https://www.vetstreet.com/dogs/azawakh
  24. https://www.worldlydogs.com/azawakh.html
  25. https://www.instrideazawakh.com/post/pulling-apart-the-akc-azawakh-breed-standard
  26. https://www.dogster.com/dog-breeds/azawakh
  27. https://www.azawakhs.org/HealthandNutrition.aspx
  28. https://wagwalking.com/breed/azawakh-1
  29. https://www.scrumbles.co.uk/blogs/dog/azawakh-breed-guide
  30. https://www.petabolix.com/dog-breed-nutrition/dog-food-for-azawakh
  31. https://tibetandogchew.com/pages/breeds/azawakhs
  32. https://www.goofytails.com/pages/azawakh
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