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7th Dragoon Guards

Dragoon Guards is a designation that has been used to refer to certain heavy cavalry regiments in the British Army since the 18th century. While the Prussian and Russian armies of the same period included dragoon regiments among their respective Imperial Guards, different titles were applied to these units.

Origins

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The British Army first used the designation in 1746, when the King's Own Regiment of Horse, the Queen's Own Royal Regiment of Horse (prior to 1727 the Princess of Wales's Own) and the 4th Horse were redesignated as the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Dragoon Guards respectively. In 1788 the four remaining regiments of Horse were converted into the 4th to 7th Dragoon Guards. At the beginning of the French Revolutionary War the British Army maintained seven regiments of Dragoon Guards, plus six of Dragoons and fourteen of Light Dragoons.[1] During the 19th and early 20th centuries the seven regiments of Dragoon Guards were classed as medium cavalry while the three remaining Dragoon regiments were heavy cavalry.[2]

Title

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The exercise of converting from "Horse" (heavy cavalry) to "Dragoon" (formerly mounted infantry) was intended to save money—Dragoons were paid less than Horse and rode an inferior breed of horses.[3] The change was accordingly very unpopular among the regiments affected. To compensate for the fall in salary and status, the impressive sounding title of "Dragoon Guards" was adopted.[4] The Dragoon Guards remained as cavalry of the line and did not become Household troops in any sense.

Seniority

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The Regiments of Horse that were converted to Dragoon Guards took precedence over all other cavalry regiments of the Line, which were at the time exclusively dragoons. As the senior regiments, they could not take numbers sequential with those of the existing dragoon regiments, so they needed a new title and numbering system. Hence they were termed Dragoon Guards, the guards appellation giving them higher prestige, and allowing them to be numbered in their own sequence.

British Dragoon Guards Regiments

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The Dragoon Guards regiments were converted to armoured cars and tanks during the 1930s. There are still three Dragoon Guards regiments in the British Army:

Canadian Dragoon Guards Regiments

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References

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Dragoon Guards

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The Dragoon Guards were a class of regiments primarily in the , with similar units in , formed primarily in the by redesignating existing regiments as dragoons to reduce costs while preserving their prestigious status through the addition of the "Guards" title. These units specialized in mounted , charging enemy lines with swords and carbines, and ranked senior to regular dragoon regiments despite using smaller, cheaper horses and receiving lower pay. Originating in 1747 under King George II, the Dragoon Guards concept arose from the conversion of three of the four existing horse regiments into dragoons, with the 4th Horse becoming the 3rd Dragoon Guards and the Carabiniers (formerly the 3rd Regiment of Irish Horse) redesignated as the 6th Dragoon Guards in 1788. Over time, the British Army expanded this designation to include seven numbered regiments, such as the 1st (King's) Dragoon Guards (raised 1685), 2nd (Queen's Bays), 3rd (Prince of Wales's), 4th (Royal Irish), 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's), 6th (Carabiniers), 7th (Princess Royal's), each tracing roots to the late 17th or early 18th centuries. Unlike light dragoons focused on scouting or original dragoons who dismounted to fight with muskets, Dragoon Guards evolved into elite heavy cavalry akin to cuirassiers, emphasizing battlefield charges and close combat from the late 18th century onward. These regiments participated in major British campaigns, including the , , and both World Wars, earning numerous battle honors for their roles in , pursuit, and decisive engagements. By the , mechanization and amalgamations reduced their number; for instance, the 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards merged with the in 1992 to form the modern , an armored unit. Similarly, the combined with the 2nd Dragoon Guards in 1959 to create , while the 3rd Carabiniers (6th Dragoon Guards lineage) merged with the Royal Scots Greys in 1971 to become the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. Today, the legacy of the Dragoon Guards endures in these active regiments, which continue to serve in armored roles, maintaining traditions from over 300 years of cavalry service.

Historical Origins

Early Formation of Dragoon Regiments

The concept of dragoons as originated during the (1642–1651), where they served as hybrid cavalry-infantry units in Cromwell's , providing mobility for foot soldiers armed with muskets and later carbines. Following the Restoration in 1660, the British standing army incorporated these tactics, with the first permanent dragoon elements emerging in the 1680s as cost-effective alternatives to traditional . By , the army maintained one dedicated regiment of dragoons in , emphasizing over shock charges, and equipped with shorter "dragon" firearms for dismounted . A seminal example is (1st Dragoons), raised in 1661 as the Tangier Horse from Parliamentary veterans to the North African enclave, but reoriented toward roles upon returning to in 1684 with an expanded force of mounted infantrymen. These units distinguished themselves from pure horse regiments—elite focused on mounted charges—by employing cheaper, smaller horses unsuitable for prolonged charges and recruiting lower-paid soldiers, who received approximately 9½ pence per day in 1697, compared to higher stipends for horse troopers. As Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick noted in 1824, "A … was a mounted infantryman armed, originally, with a ," underscoring their tactical flexibility. In the late 17th century, dragoons proved vital in key conflicts, supporting William III during the (1688–1689) by suppressing Jacobite forces in Ireland, notably at the in 1690, where they dismounted to hold river crossings against Irish and French troops. Their mobility enabled rapid scouting and skirmishing, as seen in the (1688–1697), including the Siege of Namur in 1695. During the (1701–1714), dragoon regiments like deployed to and the , combining dismounted volleys with occasional mounted pursuits to counter Bourbon alliances, though they suffered setbacks such as capture at Brihuega in 1710. Over the early 18th century, dragoons gradually adopted more heavy cavalry functions, bridging their infantry roots with evolving battlefield demands.

Establishment of the Dragoon Guards Designation

In 1746, amid the financial strains following the War of the Austrian Succession, the British government implemented reforms to reduce military expenditure by converting three senior regiments of Horse—the 1st (King's), 2nd (Queen's), and 4th—into Dragoon Guards, designated as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Regiments of Dragoon Guards, respectively (the 3rd Dragoon Guards received the "Prince of Wales's" title in 1765). This measure was proposed as an economy initiative, as regiments of Horse were significantly more costly to maintain than dragoons. The conversion took effect on 25 December 1746, with formal royal approval from King George II in the following year. The economic rationale centered on aligning the regiments' establishment with dragoon standards, which involved lowering pay scales—dragoons received less than Horse troopers—and requiring smaller, cheaper horses better suited to mounted infantry roles rather than the larger, more expensive chargers of heavy cavalry. For instance, a private in a Horse regiment earned higher daily pay than a dragoon counterpart, and the shift allowed for reduced overall upkeep without fully disbanding these prestigious units. To preserve their status and mitigate resentment among officers and men, the "Guards" suffix was appended to their titles, distinguishing them from ordinary dragoons while subordinating them to the remaining elite Horse formations. This process continued in 1788, when the four remaining regiments of Horse were similarly converted into the 4th through 7th Dragoon Guards, bringing the total to seven regiments by the outset of the in 1793. Examples include the 6th (Carabiniers) and 7th ( Royal's) Dragoon Guards, which transitioned from Horse status to this new designation upon their return to the British establishment. By the early 19th century, Dragoon Guards had evolved into elite , senior to the regular heavy dragoon regiments—such as the 1st Royal Dragoons and 2nd Dragoons ()—and emphasizing versatile shock tactics with carbines and sabers, while contrasting with the lighter, more maneuverable hussars and light . This classification reflected their intermediate pay and horse requirements, enabling broader operational flexibility in campaigns like the .

Role and Organization

Significance of the "Guards" Title

The appending of "Guards" to the title of certain regiments served as a compensatory following their conversion from prestigious regiments in –1747, aimed at mitigating the associated reductions in pay, horse size requirements, and overall status while preserving their rank as senior line cavalry units without elevating them to the . This designation ensured that the affected regiments, such as the former 2nd, 3rd, and 4th , were renumbered as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd and granted precedence over existing dragoon formations in the army's and seniority lists. By ranking them immediately below the remaining regiments but above regular dragoons, the title maintained a clear hierarchical distinction, reflecting a deliberate to appease regimental officers who opposed the downgrade on grounds of and perquisites. The "Guards" suffix conferred significant prestige benefits, elevating the social standing of officers and facilitating superior recruitment from aristocratic and landed gentry backgrounds, as evidenced by the higher costs associated with purchasing commissions in these units compared to non-Guards dragoons. For instance, in 1800, the regulation price for a captaincy in a Dragoon Guards regiment was £3,150, versus £2,850 for the same rank in a standard dragoon unit, underscoring the perceived elite value and enabling greater precedence in military parades, court functions, and promotional opportunities. This enhanced status also translated to improved regimental cohesion and morale, as the title attracted wealthier, more influential patrons who could fund equipment and social events. In contrast to regular dragoons, which performed similar medium roles but lacked the honorific, Dragoon Guards regiments enjoyed distinctions such as more elaborate uniforms to symbolize their elevated position, including caps for units like the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards—a privilege unique among British outside the troops. These visual markers reinforced their image as an elite cadre, despite the practical equivalence in tactics and armament, and helped sustain a sense of superiority in garrison duties and ceremonial roles throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Into the , as units underwent and transitioned to armored formations during and after the World Wars, the "Guards" title endured as a symbol of unbroken , linking modern tank regiments to their equestrian heritage and preserving institutional identity amid technological shifts. Successor units like the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards continued to invoke the designation in their nomenclature and customs, emphasizing continuity in prestige and operational ethos from horse-mounted to contemporary reconnaissance forces.

Seniority and Regimental Numbering

The seniority system within the British Army's placed significant emphasis on the historical precedence of regiments originally designated as Horse, which were considered elite units superior to in status and cost of maintenance. In , as an economy measure following the , three senior Regiments of Horse—the 2nd (Queen's), 3rd, and 4th—were redesignated as Guards to reduce expenses while preserving their elevated rank above existing Dragoon regiments; this conversion created a distinct category, with the affected units becoming the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Dragoon Guards, respectively. This separate numbering series for Dragoon Guards ensured they maintained their traditional superiority, as the original Horse regiments predated most Dragoons and held precedence in the overall . In 1751, the British Army formalized cavalry numbering, assigning numbers to the existing Dragoon Guards regiments as 1st, 2nd, and 3rd based on this , with the as the senior-most unit tracing back to 1685. Further conversions in reduced the remaining four Regiments of Horse to complete the series, designating them as the 4th to 7th Dragoon Guards, after which no additional numbers were allocated to the designation. The implications of this system extended to operational and social hierarchies, where Dragoon Guards regiments outranked those of the Dragoons—for instance, the 1st Dragoon Guards held precedence over the 1st (Royal) Dragoons in battle formations, mess seating, and ceremonial duties—reinforcing their status as the heavy cavalry elite. Following the First World War, this numbering was retained in regimental titles during the interwar period, influencing amalgamations in the 1920s, such as the merger of the 4th and 7th Dragoon Guards, where seniority dictated the combined name and traditions.

British Regiments

Historical British Dragoon Guards Regiments

The seven historical British Dragoon Guards regiments were elite units raised in the late , initially as regiments of horse before being redesignated as Dragoon Guards in 1746 to reflect their seniority and role. These regiments served as medium during the , employing shock charge tactics in major battles, and later participated in colonial conflicts through mounted and suppression operations. By the War, they had largely transitioned to dismounted roles in the trenches, supporting with machine guns and dismounted patrols, while retaining their cavalry traditions. Most were amalgamated between 1922 and 1959 as part of post-war army reductions. The 1st (King's) Dragoon Guards, formed in June 1685 as the 2nd Queen's Regiment of Horse to suppress the , was renamed the King's Own Regiment of Horse in 1714 and became the 1st (The King's) Dragoon Guards in 1751. It fought at the in 1815, where it contributed to the Allied victory as part of the British cavalry, and during the Second Boer War (1899-1902), conducting anti-guerrilla operations in . The regiment was amalgamated in 1959 with the 2nd Dragoon Guards to form the 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards. The 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays), raised in June 1685 as the Earl of Peterborough's Regiment of Horse, received its "Queen's" title in honor of Queen Caroline in the early 18th century and was redesignated the 2nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) in 1767 due to its bay-colored horses. It played a key role in the Peninsular War (1808-1814), participating in battles such as Salamanca and Vitoria that helped expel French forces from Spain. The regiment served on the Western Front during the First World War, earning honors at Mons (1914) and the Somme (1916), before amalgamating in 1959 with the 1st Dragoon Guards. The 3rd (Prince of Wales's) Dragoon Guards, established in 1685 as the 4th Horse and converted to Dragoon Guards in , adopted its royal title in in honor of the future . Although not directly engaged in major battles, it performed garrison duties in Ireland during the conflict (1854-1856) and later saw action in the Second Boer War (1901-1902) across the Transvaal and . In the First World War, it fought at (1914-1915) and (1917) as part of the 3rd Cavalry Division, amalgamating in 1922 with the 6th Dragoon Guards to form the 3rd Carabiniers. The 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards, raised in 1685 as the 6th Horse and redesignated the 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards in 1788 to reflect its Irish associations, participated in the , including the sieges of and (1812). It took part in the Charge of the Heavy Brigade at during the (1854) and served in the Egyptian Campaign at Tel-el-Kebir (1882). During the First World War, it was the first British unit to engage German forces at (1914) and earned honors across and ; the regiment amalgamated in 1922 with the 7th Dragoon Guards. The 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Dragoon Guards, formed in 1685 as the 7th Horse and titled the 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Dragoon Guards in 1804, fought in the at and Vitoria (1812-1813). It joined the Charge of the Heavy Brigade at in the (1854) and defended Ladysmith during the Boer War (1899-1902). On the Western Front in the First World War, it supported operations including the advance at Harbonniers (1918), before amalgamating in 1922 with the 6th Dragoons (Inniskilling). The 6th Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers), originally raised in 1685 as The Queen Dowager's Regiment of Horse and renamed the King's Regiment of Carabineers in 1692, became the 6th Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers) in 1840 to honor its carbine-armed origins. It served in the Indian Mutiny at the Siege of Delhi (1857) and relieved Kimberley during the Boer War (1900). In the First World War, it participated in the Retreat from Mons (1914), the Battle of the Somme (1916), and the Amiens offensive (1918) as part of the 2nd Cavalry Division, amalgamating in 1922 with the 3rd Dragoon Guards. The 7th (Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards, established in November 1688 under William Cavendish and titled the 7th (Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards in 1788 after Princess Charlotte, engaged in the Indian Mutiny (1857-1859) and the Egyptian Campaign at Kassassin and Tel-el-Kebir (1882). It fought on the Marne (1914) during the First World War's opening phase and at (1918) as part of the 5th Cavalry Division, before amalgamating in 1922 with the 4th Dragoon Guards.

Modern Successor Regiments

The modern successor regiments to the historical British Dragoon Guards regiments trace their lineages through a series of 20th-century amalgamations driven by post-World War I military reforms and subsequent efficiency measures. The 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards was established in 1922 by merging the 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards and the 7th (Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards; this unit served prominently in World War II, including campaigns in North Africa where it participated in armored operations against Axis forces. In 1992, the 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards amalgamated with the 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards (itself formed in 1927 from the 5th Dragoon Guards and 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons) to create the Royal Dragoon Guards, preserving the heavy cavalry traditions of its predecessors. Similarly, the emerged in 1959 from the union of the (raised in 1685) and the 2nd Dragoon Guards (The Queen's Bays, also from 1685), marking a consolidation of the senior-most Dragoon Guards lineages amid Cold War-era reductions. The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards was formed in 1971 by amalgamating the 3rd Carabiniers (Prince of Wales's Dragoon Guards, originating from the 1922 merger of the 3rd Dragoon Guards and 6th Dragoon Guards (Carabiniers)) with the Royal Scots Greys (2nd Dragoons, raised in 1681); it played a key armored role in the 1991 as part of coalition operations. As of November 2025, these evolutions have resulted in three active successor within the Royal Armoured Corps, each fulfilling distinct roles in the British Army's modern structure. The Royal Dragoon Guards operates as an armoured cavalry , equipped with Warrior Armoured Fighting Vehicles for and fire support within armoured brigade combat teams. The functions as a specializing in formation , equipped with 2 protected patrol vehicles for enhanced mobility and intelligence-gathering missions. The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards functions as a unit, utilizing protected patrol vehicles for rapid deployment in formation and strike operations. These regiments have adapted to contemporary demands through participation in armored warfare and expeditionary operations, including UN peacekeeping in Bosnia during the 1990s where elements provided stabilization and reconnaissance support. They also deployed extensively in under Operation Telic (2003–2009) for counter-insurgency and convoy protection, and in during (2002–2014) for mounted patrols and fire support against forces. Following the 2021 Future Soldier reforms, the regiments have integrated into multi-domain brigade combat teams, emphasizing capabilities such as cyber-enabled and rapid global response within frameworks. Regimental traditions, including ceremonial uniforms, continue to honor Dragoon Guards heritage. All three retain the iconic brass Dragoon Guards helmets for full-dress occasions, symbolizing their roots from the . The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards uniquely preserves Scottish piping traditions through its Pipes and Drums, a practice dating to the 1920s integration of Highland elements, used in parades and morale-boosting performances during deployments.

Canadian Regiments

Formation of Canadian Dragoon Guards Units

The formation of Canadian Dragoon Guards units within the post-Confederation militia reflected the influence of British cavalry traditions and the need to organize volunteer forces for national defense following the 1867 unification of Canada. In the late 19th century, the Canadian government expanded its non-permanent active militia through the Militia Act of 1868, which emphasized the creation of cavalry regiments to support infantry and provide mounted reconnaissance, particularly along the U.S. border amid ongoing Fenian threats. This reorganization built on earlier volunteer cavalry troops formed in the 1860s under the Province of Canada's militia laws, transitioning them into more structured provisional regiments equipped with dragoon-style tactics that combined mounted mobility with dismounted firing capabilities. Two prominent units adopted the Dragoon Guards designation in the early 20th century, drawing prestige from their affiliation with British counterparts and royal patronage. The 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards originated in Kingston, Ontario, on 30 April 1875, when the 4th Provisional Regiment of Cavalry was authorized, perpetuating earlier local volunteer troops dating back to 1855; it was redesignated the 4th Regiment of Cavalry on 7 May 1886, then the 4th Hussars on 1 January 1893, and the 4th Hussars of Canada on 1 March 1932. The Dragoon Guards title was acquired on 15 December 1936 through amalgamation with the Princess Louise Dragoon Guards. Similarly, the Princess Louise Dragoon Guards originated in Ottawa as the Ottawa Troop of Cavalry, authorized on 23 May 1872; it expanded and was formally organized as the Princess Louise Dragoon Guards regiment on 1 January 1903 and briefly redesignated the 5th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards on 1 February 1903 before reverting to Princess Louise Dragoon Guards on 15 March 1920. The "Princess Louise" honorific honored Louise, Marchioness of Lorne—daughter of Queen Victoria and wife of Governor General John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne (1878–1883)—who granted patronage to these units during her time in Canada, elevating their status within the militia hierarchy. British Dragoon Guards regiments stationed in Canada earlier in the century provided direct inspiration for these formations, fostering tactical and organizational emulation. For instance, the served in Canada from 1838 to 1844, participating in border patrols during the and contributing to the professionalization of local cavalry practices that later influenced development. The adoption of the Dragoon Guards title for the Ottawa-based unit in aligned with broader imperial prestige, coinciding with the militia's role in events like the of 1885, where provisional cavalry troops demonstrated mounted effectiveness in suppressing Métis and Indigenous resistance under , and the Second Boer War (1899–1902), where horsemen formed contingents that honed dragoon skills in . Structurally, these early Dragoon Guards units operated as squadron-based regiments, typically comprising two to four squadrons of volunteers trained in maneuvers—emphasizing speed, firepower, and versatility for and rapid response—while balancing border defense duties with ceremonial roles in and Kingston. This organization prioritized part-time service, with annual training camps focusing on , saber drill, and marksmanship, ensuring readiness for imperial contingencies without full-time standing forces.

Evolution and Current Status

The Princess Louise Dragoon Guards, briefly redesignated as the 5th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards in 1903 before reverting in 1920, contributed personnel to the 8th Canadian Mounted Rifles, , during the First World War, with the unit perpetuating the "MOUNT SORREL" from actions in 1916. This perpetuation preserved the regiment's early 20th-century mounted traditions amid the shift to dismounted roles on the Western Front. By the , the unit remained part of the Non-Permanent Active Militia, focusing on cavalry training until broader reorganizations in the Canadian Militia. In 1936, the Princess Louise Dragoon Guards amalgamated with the 4th Hussars of Canada on 15 December to form the 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards, a consolidation that reflected the evolving structure of Canadian cavalry units ahead of global conflict. During the Second World War, the regiment mobilized on 26 January 1941 as the 4th (Active) Princess Louise Dragoon Guards, assigned to the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps for armoured reconnaissance duties. It deployed to Sicily in July 1943, participating in operations such as the landings at Reggio and advances through the Troina Valley, before contributing to the Italian Campaign through key engagements like the Liri Valley, Hitler Line, and Gothic Line until 1945, followed by service in North-West Europe. The active service unit disbanded on 15 December 1945, while the reserve component continued until reduced to nil strength. Post-war, the 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards underwent further redesignations within the , reverting to its original name on 19 May 1958 before being placed on the Supplementary on 12 February 1965, marking the end of its active operational role. As of 2025, no dedicated Dragoon Guards regiments remain in the Canadian Armed Forces' , with the unit's lineage preserved through battle honours such as "SICILY 1943" and "ITALY 1943-1945" within the broader traditions of the . These honours, including perpetuations from the 8th Canadian Mounted Rifles, continue to influence ceremonial and training practices in reserve armoured units like the Governor General's Horse Guards, which maintains a mounted squadron for state functions and public engagements. The regiment's legacy also extends to modern contributions in missions, underscoring the enduring impact of Canadian dragoon heritage on international operations.

References

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  2. https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/cavalry-roles
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  8. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1935/dragoons-in-the-english-civil-wars/
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  11. https://tmg110.tripod.com/british20.htm
  12. https://www.rdgmuseum.org.uk/history-and-research/former-titles-of-the-regiment/
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  14. https://www.jemimafawr.co.uk/2024/03/14/king-george-commands-and-we-obey-part-6-regiments-of-horse-and-dragoon-guards/
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  17. https://www.military-researcher.co.uk/Purchase.html
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  20. https://www.qdg.org.uk/history/
  21. https://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk/documents-regiments-british-army/
  22. https://www.army.mod.uk/learn-and-explore/about-the-army/corps-regiments-and-units/royal-armoured-corps/royal-dragoon-guards/
  23. https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/queens-bays-2nd-dragoon-guards
  24. https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/3rd-dragoon-guards-prince-waless
  25. https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/4th-royal-irish-dragoon-guards
  26. https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/5th-dragoon-guards-princess-charlotte-waless
  27. https://www.army.mod.uk/media/15057/adr010310-futuresoldierguide_30nov.pdf
  28. https://www.qdg.org.uk/uniform-from-1843/
  29. https://www.scotsdg.org.uk/history/regimental-music
  30. https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/official-military-history-lineages/lineages/regiments.html
  31. https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/Documents/RG9-58_EN-final.pdf
  32. https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/official-military-history-lineages/lineages/armour-regiments/4th-princess-louise-dragoon-guards.html
  33. http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~crossroads/genealogy/regiments/regiments-cavalry.html
  34. https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/official-military-history-lineages/lineages/armour-regiments/royal-canadian-dragoons.html
  35. https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/services/military-history/history-heritage/official-military-history-lineages/lineages/armour-regiments/governor-generals-horse-guards.html
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