Hubbry Logo
Elizabeth RoodElizabeth RoodMain
Open search
Elizabeth Rood
Community hub
Elizabeth Rood
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Elizabeth Rood
Elizabeth Rood
Elizabeth Rood
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Elizabeth Rood is an American diplomat who serves as United States ambassador to Turkmenistan. She had served the chargé d'affaires of the U.S. mission to Russia from 2022 to 2023.

Key Information

Early life and education

[edit]

Rood obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Maryland and a Bachelor of Arts from Randolph-Macon Woman’s College.[1][2]

Career

[edit]
Rood is interviewed by Pakistani reporters while serving as the consul general in Peshawar, 2010

Rood joined the United States Foreign Service in 1993, after being a teacher in Frederick County, Maryland.[3] Rood is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service with the rank of Minister-Counselor. She currently serves as the deputy chief of mission at the United States Embassy in Moscow, Russia. As of September 4, 2022, Rood assumed duties as chargée d'affaires of the U.S. mission to Russia due to the retirement of Ambassador John Sullivan, until a permanent successor is appointed.[4] Before this assignment, she was a faculty advisor at the U.S. Army War College. She served as deputy chief of mission at the U.S. embassy in Tbilisi, Georgia; Rood also served as chargée d'affaires, ad interim there. Before this, she served as political counselor at the U.S. embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan. Rood had also directed several bureaus in the State Department, including the Office of Export Control Cooperation in the Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, the Office of Caucasus Affairs and Regional Conflicts in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, and the Foreign Service Institute’s Stability Operations Division. Rood had also served as Principal Officer at the U.S. Consulate General in Peshawar, Pakistan. Rood has other experiences in conflicts, including serving as the State Department’s representative on the U.S. Provincial Reconstruction Team in Paktika Province in Afghanistan, as well as deputy to the U.S. Special Negotiator for conflicts concerning Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria. Other assignments include the Nonproliferation Bureau within the United States Department of State; the U.S. Mission to the International Organizations in Vienna, Austria; and the U.S. Consulate General in Düsseldorf, Germany. She also held various roles in U.S. embassies in Vienna and Moscow.[1][2]

U.S. ambassador to Turkmenistan

[edit]

On August 3, 2022, President Joe Biden nominated Rood to be the next ambassador to Turkmenistan.[1] Her nomination expired at the end of the year and was returned to Biden on January 3, 2023.[5]

Rood was renominated the same day. Hearings on her nomination were held before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on March 15, 2023. The committee favorably reported her nomination on April 27, 2023. The Senate confirmed her nomination on May 2, 2024, by voice vote. She was sworn on July 15, 2024 and presented her credentials to President Serdar Berdimuhamedow on July 31, 2024.[6]

Awards and recognition

[edit]

Rood is the recipient of numerous State Department performance awards, including three Senior Foreign Service Performance Awards.[1]

Personal life

[edit]

A native of North Carolina, Rood speaks French, Russian, German, Pashto, Dari, and Georgian.[1][2]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Elizabeth Rood

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia

Elizabeth Rood is an American career diplomat serving as the United States Ambassador to Turkmenistan since July 2024. A member of the Senior Foreign Service with the rank of Minister-Counselor, she is a native of North Carolina who holds a Master of Arts degree from the University of Maryland and a Bachelor of Arts degree from Randolph-Macon Woman's College. Rood's diplomatic career spans over two decades, featuring leadership roles in politically sensitive and conflict-affected regions, including as and ad interim at the U.S. Embassy in , , from mid-2022 onward, and similarly in , Georgia, starting in March 2018. She has also served as Political Counselor at the U.S. Embassy in , , Principal Officer at the U.S. Consulate General in Peshawar, Pakistan, and State Department Representative to a in , . Earlier assignments include directing the Office of Export Control Cooperation, the Office of Affairs, and serving as Deputy to the U.S. Special Negotiator for frozen conflicts in the region, as well as positions in the Nonproliferation Bureau and at U.S. missions in and . Fluent in Russian, German, French, , , and Georgian, Rood's linguistic capabilities have facilitated her work across and . She has received multiple State Department commendations, including three to four performance awards and other honors for exemplary service.

Early Life and Education

Upbringing and family influences

Elizabeth Rood was born in . As a native of the state, her upbringing occurred in , though specific details about her family environment or parental professions that may have influenced her path toward diplomacy are not extensively documented in public records. Rood's state of residence is listed as , potentially indicating family connections or relocations during her formative years that exposed her to regional opportunities in the mid-Atlantic area.

Academic background and early career interests

Elizabeth Rood earned a (AB) degree from Randolph-Macon Woman's College in , a liberal arts institution focused on in the and social sciences. She subsequently pursued graduate studies at the , where she obtained a (MA) degree in 1993. This advanced education aligned with her developing interests in and , as reflected in her multilingual proficiency in languages such as French and German, which she acquired during her academic years. Limited public records detail specific pre-Foreign Service professional experiences or internships for Rood, though her choice of graduate study at a major with strong programs in and indicates early orientation toward global affairs and . No documented academic honors, theses, or extracurricular pursuits in or languages beyond her degrees have been identified in official biographies.

Diplomatic Career

Entry and initial assignments in the Foreign Service

Elizabeth Rood joined the U.S. Foreign Service as a career officer in 1993, after passing the written examination in November 1992 and the oral assessment in January 1993. Prior to her diplomatic service, she served as a high school language teacher in French, German, and Russian, and later as a at the University of . Her first overseas assignment was as a junior officer at the U.S. Embassy in , commencing in 1994 following resolution of a dispute influenced by the demands of the posting. This entry-level role immersed her in the operational and political challenges of a major embassy during Russia's post-Soviet era, laying the groundwork for her specialization in regional affairs and nonproliferation policy. As a new entrant, Rood underwent standard Foreign Service orientation and training, progressing from initial ranks through demonstrated performance in consular and political functions typical of junior positions.

Service in high-risk regions including and Georgia

Elizabeth Rood completed multiple tours in , including three Foreign Service assignments focused on provincial reconstruction and stability operations. As the State Department's representative on the U.S. in in southeastern , she coordinated civilian-military efforts to extend governance, development, and security in a Taliban-influenced area prone to and cross-border threats from . Her contributions there earned recognition for exceptional service to U.S. interests and Afghan reconstruction in 2010. In 2021, Rood volunteered for Operation Allies Refuge, the U.S.-led noncombatant evacuation operation responding to the Taliban's rapid takeover following the American military withdrawal. Leveraging her prior on-the-ground experience, she participated in front-line processing and support for evacuees at intermediate staging sites, aiding the airlift of American citizens, Afghan allies, and at-risk individuals amid chaotic conditions at Hamid Karzai International Airport. The operation ultimately enabled the departure of approximately 123,000 people from Kabul between August 14 and 31, 2021, though it faced logistical strains from crowd surges, suicide bombings, and limited vetting capacity. Rood's service extended to Georgia, a post-Soviet state confronting Russian hybrid threats, where she served as at the U.S. Embassy in and assumed duties as ad interim on March 24, 2018, after Ambassador Ian Kelly's departure. She led the embassy through a nearly two-year transition until the next ambassador's arrival in early 2020, managing operations amid political protests, electoral disputes, and persistent Russian encroachments. During her tenure, Rood addressed crisis elements tied to 's occupation of , including "borderization"—the irregular shifting of occupation lines that fenced off Georgian farmland, separated families, and restricted access to , exacerbating humanitarian vulnerabilities. She pressed for to halt these activities and adhere to the 2008 ceasefire agreement, while reinforcing U.S. commitments to Georgia's through bilateral dialogues and alliance-building to counter external . This hands-on leadership navigated the mission's exposure to risks and regional volatility without a resident ambassador.

Roles in nonproliferation and strategic policy in Washington

Elizabeth Rood directed the State Department's Office of Cooperation within the Bureau of International and Nonproliferation, overseeing programs to enhance partner countries' regimes aimed at preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and related materials. In this capacity, the office managed the and Related Border (EXBS) initiative, which provides technical assistance, training, and equipment to over 100 nations to strengthen licensing, enforcement, and interdiction capabilities against illicit transfers. Under her leadership, the office coordinated U.S. government delegations and hosted events to align staff and advisors on proliferation prevention strategies, emphasizing bilateral and multilateral cooperation to address empirical risks such as diversions. Rood also served in other capacities within the Nonproliferation Bureau, contributing to policy formulation on strategic threats from nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons programs. These headquarters roles focused on technical and regulatory frameworks rather than operational fieldwork, prioritizing data-driven assessments of global supply chain vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of control lists like the in mitigating proliferation pathways. Additionally, Rood acted as a faculty advisor at the U.S. Army War College, where she integrated diplomatic perspectives into the strategic education of senior military officers, fostering interdisciplinary training on nonproliferation and integration. This advisory position influenced curricula on civil-military coordination in countering proliferation, drawing on her prior expertise to emphasize causal links between export controls and broader deterrence objectives. Her involvement supported the development of policy recommendations for U.S. , though specific outcomes like adopted agreements remain tied to interagency processes rather than individual attribution.

Leadership in Russia amid geopolitical tensions

Elizabeth Rood assumed duties as at the U.S. Embassy in in June 2022, during the early stages of 's full-scale invasion of that commenced on February 24, 2022. Following John J. Sullivan's departure on September 4, 2022, she succeeded as ad interim, serving in that role until Lynne Tracy's arrival in February 2023. In this position, Rood directed a severely reduced embassy staff—down to essential personnel after pre-invasion drawdowns and voluntary departures amid heightened security risks—to prioritize operational continuity, staff welfare, and limited diplomatic functions despite Russian harassment and retaliatory measures. Under Rood's leadership, the embassy maintained open channels for working-level engagement with Russian officials on de-escalation risks, consular services, and , reflecting U.S. to deter further aggression while avoiding complete rupture. In November , she affirmed that U.S. and Russian intelligence agencies possessed established mechanisms to address nuclear risks, underscoring the necessity of such backchannels even as bilateral ties reached post-Cold War lows. Rood also oversaw public messaging reinforcing U.S. sanctions on for its Ukraine invasion, including coordination on high-profile consular cases like that of detained American Brittney Griner, whose August nine-year sentence she publicly described as a . These efforts balanced confrontation of Russian actions with pragmatic risk mitigation, as the embassy rejected closure despite domestic pressures, arguing it essential for safeguarding U.S. interests and American citizens in .

Appointment as U.S. Ambassador to Turkmenistan

President nominated Elizabeth Rood, a career , to serve as the to on August 3, 2022. The nomination faced delays due to the end of the congressional session, requiring renomination in the subsequent period. Rood testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on March 15, 2023, outlining her qualifications and approach to the role. The confirmed Rood's nomination by on May 2, 2024. She was sworn in as on July 15, 2024. arrived in , the capital of , on July 24, 2024, to assume her duties at the U.S. Embassy. As a member of the Senior Foreign Service with the rank of Minister-Counselor, formally presented copies of her credentials to Turkmen Foreign Minister Rashid Meredov on July 31, 2024. The following day, August 1, 2024, she presented her full credentials to President Serdar Berdimuhamedov, marking the official start of her diplomatic tenure. Initial engagements emphasized procedural formalities and discussions on maintaining bilateral diplomatic relations.

Policy Priorities and Contributions

Strategic objectives in Central Asia

As U.S. Ambassador to Turkmenistan, Elizabeth Rood advanced American geopolitical interests by prioritizing the diversification of the country's energy export infrastructure, aiming to diminish Turkmenistan's heavy reliance on pipelines traversing and , which together accounted for the majority of its gas exports prior to recent shifts. This approach aligned with the U.S. for (2019-2025), which seeks to foster a region where states can independently pursue economic partnerships free from dominant external pressures, thereby enhancing and mitigating risks from overdependence on any single buyer—in Turkmenistan's case, , which received gas exports valued at $5.67 billion in the first half of 2024 alone. Rood's efforts included direct engagement with Turkmen government officials and private sector entities to explore alternative export corridors, such as potential westward routes to or , reflecting a pragmatic recognition that diversified pipelines would bolster Turkmenistan's bargaining power and indirectly counterbalance Russian and Chinese leverage in regional markets. In November 2024, she visited Balkan Velayat, a key hydrocarbon-producing region, to connect with local business leaders and discuss commercial opportunities in and related sectors, underscoring U.S. commitment to facilitating private investment that could support such diversification without compromising Turkmenistan's policy of permanent neutrality. The U.S. under Rood's also reinforced Turkmenistan's UN-recognized permanent neutrality—established in —as a stabilizing factor in , viewing it as a buffer against bloc alignments that could exacerbate tensions with neighboring powers. This stance informed support for initiatives tied to and regional connectivity, such as enhanced capacity for managing international borders to prevent spillover threats, which Rood highlighted in her March 2023 Senate as essential for broader Central Asian stability. By prioritizing these objectives, Rood's tenure emphasized causal linkages between , neutral , and deterrence of adversarial influence, eschewing broader interventionalist agendas in favor of targeted economic realism.

Engagement on energy, security, and regional stability

As U.S. Ambassador to , Elizabeth Rood has prioritized diversification to bolster regional stability, particularly through support for the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route and associated pipeline infrastructure. In September 2024, she stated that the Caspian gas pipeline project would enhance by providing alternative export pathways for 's reserves, reducing dependence on existing routes vulnerable to geopolitical disruptions. This aligns with U.S. efforts to promote 's role in global markets while respecting its policy of permanent neutrality, which limits overt military alliances but allows economic partnerships. On security matters, Rood has advanced cooperation in export controls and nonproliferation, leveraging her prior experience directing the State Department's Office of Export Control and related conventional arms policy. These initiatives focus on preventing the spread of weapons of mass destruction materials through technical assistance and training programs tailored to Turkmenistan's strategic position in , where border security challenges persist amid regional threats like narcotics trafficking and . In outlining embassy priorities in September 2024, she identified security issues as a core area for collaboration with Turkmen counterparts, emphasizing practical measures over broader geopolitical alignments constrained by Ashgabat's preferences. Rood has also engaged on humanitarian tracks to foster stability, including discussions in March 2025 with Turkmen officials on child welfare and broader assistance programs, underscoring U.S. support for initiatives like the Charity Fund for Assistance to Children in Difficult Life Situations. These efforts complement security assistance by addressing underlying social vulnerabilities that could undermine regional peace. Complementing these operational focuses, the U.S. under her tenure has funded cultural preservation projects to build long-term goodwill, such as restorations of the 12th-century Sultan Sanjar Mausoleum in and the 19th-century Kunya mosque, alongside recent aid for the Greater and Lesser Gyz Gala fortresses along the ancient . In April 2025, she highlighted these efforts during a visit to the sites, noting their role in safeguarding Turkmen heritage as symbols of enduring cultural continuity amid modernization pressures. To promote sustained influence, Rood has championed educational exchanges, pledging in January 2025 to expand partnerships introducing innovative teaching methods and English-language programs to Turkmen institutions. This includes facilitating academic opportunities for Turkmen students and cultural events like the July 2025 Ashgabat Book Fair, where U.S.-translated literature was donated to strengthen people-to-people ties. Such initiatives aim at gradual societal resilience without challenging Turkmenistan's centralized governance, prioritizing verifiable outcomes in human capital development over ideological impositions.

Advocacy for U.S. interests versus local authoritarian challenges

As U.S. Ambassador to , Elizabeth Rood has prioritized advancing American interests in , , and transparency amid the country's entrenched authoritarian governance, characterized by a closed society, severe restrictions on freedoms of expression and , and a persistent centered on the ruling Berdimuhamedow family. In her March 2023 Senate confirmation testimony, Rood outlined intentions to press to fulfill its international commitments under UN and OSCE frameworks, including protections for , , , and development. This advocacy occurs against a backdrop of limited governmental responsiveness, with U.S. efforts focusing on quiet to secure incremental concessions rather than confrontational demands that risk further isolation. Turkmenistan's regime maintains tight control over information, media, and , resulting in stalled broader reforms despite niche U.S.-supported initiatives such as English-language programs and limited engagements that foster long-term exposure to democratic norms. Rood has publicly emphasized upholding fundamental freedoms and supporting as core priorities, building on modest precedents like the 2021 pardon of 16 prisoners, which represented a rare concession amid ongoing suppression of religious minorities and dissenters. However, empirical assessments from 2024 indicate persistent abuses, including arbitrary detentions and , underscoring the regime's resistance to systemic change and the challenges of achieving transformative outcomes through subdued engagement. Quiet diplomacy has enabled strategic U.S. gains, such as enhanced border security cooperation along 's 462-mile frontier with to combat and narcotics trafficking, which bolsters regional stability without alienating the on core political issues. Yet, this approach's causal limitations are evident in the absence of meaningful progress on measures or legal reforms essential for commercial ties, as Turkmenistan's centralized and opacity deter and perpetuate elite entrenchment. Confrontational strategies, while potentially amplifying pressure, have historically yielded minimal dividends in similar authoritarian contexts due to the regime's insulation from external , favoring instead sustained, targeted advocacy that yields verifiable, albeit circumscribed, advancements over illusory rapid . Optimistic narratives of imminent democratic shifts overlook these structural barriers, as sustained low scores in global indices—such as Freedom House's 2025 rating of Turkmenistan as one of the world's most repressive states—demonstrate the durability of authoritarian controls despite U.S. interventions.

Awards and Recognition

State Department performance awards

Elizabeth Rood, a career officer, received three Performance Awards, which honor exceptional and sustained contributions to U.S. diplomatic objectives by high-ranking diplomats. These awards underscore her professional excellence across various assignments. In addition to the Senior Performance Awards, Rood earned numerous other State Department performance-based recognitions for service in demanding operational contexts, highlighting consistent merit in advancing priorities. Such honors, administered through the Department's merit evaluation system, reflect evaluations of impact, leadership, and adaptability in the Foreign Service.

Other professional acknowledgments

Rood's appointment as a faculty advisor at the U.S. Army served as an interagency endorsement of her strategic expertise, where she instructed senior military officers on integrating diplomacy with military operations based on her experiences in conflict zones including . This role facilitated cross-agency knowledge transfer, emphasizing civil-military coordination in stability missions. In her capacity as the State Department's representative on the in , , Rood contributed to joint U.S. military-civilian initiatives that supported local governance, infrastructure development, and efforts in a volatile southeastern region bordering . These interagency operations, involving coordination with U.S. forces and Afghan partners, advanced reconstruction metrics such as improved provincial security assessments and aid distribution, though long-term outcomes were constrained by broader resurgence dynamics. Rood's involvement in Operation Allies Refuge drew on her prior Afghanistan deployments to inform Foreign Service perspectives on evacuation logistics and ally resettlement, as detailed in her contributions to professional analyses highlighting interagency frictions and adaptive successes amid the 2021 withdrawal.

Personal Life

Residence and family details

Elizabeth Rood maintains her state of residence in Virginia, as recorded in official U.S. Department of State biographical details. Rood remarried in 1992 and has three children, born prior to that year; in 1995, their ages were reported as 11, 9, and 6. No further public details on her spouse or family structure have been disclosed in verifiable diplomatic or professional records.

Interests outside diplomacy

Elizabeth Rood has shown enthusiasm for , evident in her pre-opening of exhibits at the International Book Fair on July 24, 2025, where she delved into collections ahead of the event's formal start. This engagement highlights a personal affinity for reading amid her official duties, though details on other non-professional pursuits remain undocumented in public sources.

References

  1. https://tm.usembassy.gov/ambassador/
  2. https://2021-2025.state.gov/rood_elizabeth_turkmenistan_2024/
  3. https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/rood-elizabeth
  4. https://turkmenportal.com/en/news/77653-senat-ssha-odobril-kandidaturu-elizabet-rud-na-post-posla-v-turkmenistane---
  5. https://turkmenportal.com/en/news/50202
  6. https://terp.umd.edu/class-notes/fall-2022
  7. https://afsa.org/sites/default/files/fsj-1994-09-september_0.pdf
  8. https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/136475.pdf
  9. https://afsa.org/operation-allies-refuge-fs-view-front-lines
  10. https://ge.usembassy.gov/charge-daffaires-elizabeth-rood-participates-in-global-startup-labs-opening-at-business-and-technology-university/
  11. https://civil.ge/archives/334641
  12. http://gtarchive.georgiatoday.ge/news/16939/Elizabeth-Rood:-Georgians-Should-Unite-to-Face-this-Difficult-Challenge
  13. https://www.interpressnews.ge/en/article/105439-elizabeth-rood-we-are-concerned-about-what-is-going-on-along-the-administrative-line/
  14. https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/leadership2/201988.htm
  15. https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/197551.pdf
  16. https://grabien.com/profile?id=146222
  17. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/us-ambassador-russia-leaving-post-ukraine-war-drags-rcna46246
  18. https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-us-ambassador-sullivan-steps-down/32018056.html
  19. https://www.reuters.com/world/russia-us-have-ways-manage-nuclear-risks-ria-cites-us-diplomat-2022-11-28/
  20. https://english.almayadeen.net/news/politics/us-charge-daffaires:-important-for-embassy-to-remain-open-in
  21. https://www.reuters.com/world/us-diplomat-says-griner-sentence-a-miscarriage-justice-2022-08-04/
  22. https://cnsmaryland.org/2022/11/02/us-russia-discussing-how-to-improve-services-at-american-embassy-in-moscow/
  23. https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/03/president-biden-announces-key-nominees-28/
  24. https://www.congress.gov/nomination/118th-congress/1341
  25. https://www.foreign.senate.gov/download/03/16/2023/031523_rood_testimony
  26. https://twitter.com/DSenFloor/status/1786128681208799635
  27. https://tm.usembassy.gov/arrival-of-ambassador-elizabeth-rood-to-turkmenistan/
  28. https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/news/4672
  29. https://usa.tmembassy.gov.tm/en/news/136859
  30. https://timesca.com/turkmenistans-geopolitical-shift-toward-the-west/
  31. https://centralasianlight.org/news/turkmenistans-difficulties-in-diversifying-gas-export-routes/
  32. https://uz.usembassy.gov/united-states-strategy-for-central-asia-2019-2025-advancing-sovereignty-and-economic-prosperity/
  33. https://timesca.com/new-u-s-ambassador-to-turkmenistan-outlines-priorities-for-cooperation/
  34. https://thediplomaticinsight.com/us-ambassador-to-turkmenistan-outlines-priorities/
  35. https://jeyhun.news/en/u-s-ambassador-elizabeth-rood-strengthens-u-s-turkmen-ties/
  36. https://www.instagram.com/p/DCqxe0Kv8UH/
  37. https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-investment-climate-statements/turkmenistan
  38. https://tm.usembassy.gov/policy-history/
  39. https://timesca.com/u-s-turkmenistan-rapprochement-energy-neutrality-and-digital-geopolitics/
  40. https://www.oilgas.gov.tm/en/posts/news/11829/us-ambassador-to-turkmenistan-believes-that-caspian-gas-pipeline-will-support-eu-energy-security
  41. https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/news/5140
  42. https://tm.usembassy.gov/category/ambassador/
  43. https://bilim.tm/en/news/2475
  44. https://tm.usembassy.gov/turning-pages-building-bridges-ashgabat-book-fair-celebrates-u-s-turkmenistan-cultural-exchange/
  45. https://2021-2025.state.gov/countries-areas/turkmenistan/
  46. https://freedomhouse.org/country/turkmenistan/freedom-world/2025
  47. https://www.state.gov/reports/2024-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/turkmenistan
  48. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2024/country-chapters/turkmenistan
  49. https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/IF/PDF/IF10303/IF10303.11.pdf
  50. https://freedomhouse.org/country/turkmenistan/nations-transit/2024
  51. https://www.hrw.org/europe/central-asia/turkmenistan
  52. https://business.com.tm/post/8968/biden-nominates-elizabeth-rood-as-new-us-ambassador-to-turkmenistan
  53. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA496359.pdf
  54. https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/31/garden/parent-child-the-tie-that-binds-from-a-world-away.html
  55. https://orient.tm/en/post/88153/journey-through-pages-book-fair-ashgabat-unites-love-reading
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.