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June 1938
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The following events occurred in June 1938:
- British MP Duncan Sandys raised a question in the House of Commons about air-raid defences that relied on secret information. This touched off the "Sandys Affair" when he was threatened with prosecution under the Official Secrets Act.[1][2]
- Bois Roussel won The Derby. This was the first year the Derby was televised.[3][4]
- The Bren light machine gun entered service in the British Army.[3]
- Born: Khawar Rizvi, poet, in the Punjab, British India (d. 1981)
- Chile informed the League of Nations of its intent to withdraw from the organization.[5]
- Born: Ron Ely, actor and novelist, in Hereford, Texas (d. 2024); Edda Göring, only child of Hermann Göring, in Berlin, Germany (d. 2018); Gene Michael, baseball player, manager and executive, in Kent, Ohio (d. 2017)
- Died: Nathanael Greene Herreshoff, 90, American naval architect and mechanical engineer
- Nazi Germany passed a law allowing for the confiscation of "degenerate art".[3]
- The third FIFA World Cup tournament began in Paris with Germany (including Austrian players) and Switzerland playing to a 1–1 draw. The French crowd jeered the German team when the players made the Nazi salute and threw bottles, eggs and tomatoes at them throughout the match.[6]
- Pasteurized won the Belmont Stakes.[7]
- The famous psychoanalysist Sigmund Freud, 82 and frail, arrived in Paris on the Orient Express, having fled persecution by the Nazis in his homeland of Austria. After a few hours of rest he continued on his way to London where he had been granted asylum.[8]
- Born: Karin Balzer, hurdler, in Magdeburg, Germany (d. 2019)
- Died: Edward Denny Bacon, 77, British philatelist
- The Japanese captured Kaifeng.[5]
- Sigmund Freud arrived in London at a rented home near Regent's Park.[9]
- Born: Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza, in Mandelieu-la-Napoule, France (d. 2022)
- The New York television station W2XBS broadcast the first televised Broadway production, Rachel Crothers' Susan and God.[10]
- Sigmund Freud was made a British citizen despite normally requiring five years' residence.[11]
- National Doughnut Day started in the United States.[12]
- A state-run petrochemical brand in Mexico, Pemex was founded.[citation needed]
- Born: Goose Gonsoulin, American football player, in Port Arthur, Texas (d. 2014)
- The Japanese bombed the city of Canton for the twelfth consecutive day as thousands of Chinese packed railway stations and docks attempting to flee the merciless air raids.[13]
- A general election was held in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The Liberal Party lost 12 seats but was still re-elected to another majority.
- Argentina created Flag Day.
- Toei, a Japanese film production and cinema operating founded, as predecessor name was Tokyo Cinema Production.[citation needed]
- Born: Mack Vickery, musician, in Town Creek, Alabama (d. 2004)
- Died: Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, 64, Puerto Rican historian, writer and activist
- The Munich synagogue was destroyed by the Nazis. The congregation was given only a few hours' notice to empty the building.[14]
- Born: Charles Wuorinen, composer, in New York City (d. 2020)
- Hollywood Park Racetrack opened.
- Celtic defeated Everton 1-0 to win the Empire Exhibition Trophy, the award for the winner of a special football tournament held in conjunction with the Empire Exhibition in Glasgow.
- Born: Joe McBride, footballer, in Glasgow, Scotland (d. 2012)
- Died: Eugenia Falleni, 62, Italian-born Australian transgender man convicted of murder
- The Battle of Wuhan began.
- An earthquake centred in the North Sea killed 3 people in Belgium.[15]
- Johnny Vander Meer of the Cincinnati Reds pitched a 3-0 no-hitter against the Boston Bees.[16]
- Ralph Guldahl won the U.S. Open.
- The movie musical Gold Diggers in Paris starring Rudy Vallée and Rosemary Lane was released.
- The Japanese captured Ankang.[5]
- The Sudeten German Party made gains in local elections in Czechoslovakia. A victory parade in Mährisch Schönberg was broken up by police.[17]
- Born: Tom Oliver, actor, in Chandler's Ford, Hampshire, England
- The Nationalists captured Castellón de la Plana.[18][19]
- The Caldecott Medal honoring the year's best children's picture books was awarded for the first time, to Dorothy P. Lathrop for Animals of the Bible.[20]
- Born: Shelby Stephenson, poet, in Benson, North Carolina
- Johnny Vander Meer pitched his second consecutive no-hitter, 6-0 over the Brooklyn Dodgers at the first night game ever played in Ebbets Field. Vander Meer remains the only pitcher in major league history to ever throw back-to-back no-hitters.[21]
- Born: Billy Williams, baseball player, in Whistler, Alabama
- Died: Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, 58, German Expressionist painter (suicide)
- The Battle of Bielsa pocket ended in Nationalist victory.
- Hundreds of civilians directed by brownshirts attacked Jews along the Grenadierstrasse and Dragonerstrasse in Berlin, assaulting them and writing anti-Jewish slogans on store windows.[22]
- Vlas Chubar was arrested.[23]
- A general election was held in Ireland. Fianna Fáil retained power, winning 77 of 138 seats,
- John Aspinwall Roosevelt, the youngest child of the President, married Anne Lindsay Clark in Nahant, Massachusetts.[24]
- Babe Ruth accepted a job as a first base coach with the Brooklyn Dodgers. Ruth took the offer hoping it would lead to a manager position, but this would not happen.[25]
- Italy defeated Hungary 4-2 in the FIFA World Cup Final in Paris.
- Custer Creek train wreck: A railway bridge collapse near Saugus, Montana killed at least 47 people.
- Born: Wahoo McDaniel, AFL linebacker and professional wrestler, in Bernice, Louisiana (d. 2002)
- A federal grand jury in New York indicted 18 people, most of them Germans, for conspiring to steal military secrets from the United States.[26]
- 19-year-old Gilbert Shepard, a seasonal employee at Many Glacier Hotel, fell to his death from Mount Grinnell in Glacier National Park, Montana. Shepard's body was discovered several days later.[27]
- Died: Liselotte Herrmann, 28, German Communist Resistance fighter (executed)
- Camille Chautemps became Prime Minister of France for the third time.
- Joe Louis knocked out Max Schmeling in the first round of their rematch at Yankee Stadium to retain the world heavyweight boxing title.[29]
- The Bankruptcy Act went into effect in the United States.
- Born: Dennis Fidler, footballer, in Stockport, England (d. 2015)
- Died: C. J. Dennis, 61, Australian poet
- Hermann Göring decreed that effective July 1, all German men and women of any profession or trade could be conscripted to take up work for the state.[30]
- Died: Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, 75
- U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave a fireside chat on the accomplishments of the 75th Congress.[31]
- The Royal Air Force launched a new recruitment campaign and received 1,000 inquiries on the first day alone.[3]
- Born: Abulfaz Elchibey, 2nd President of Azerbaijan, in the Nakhichevan ASSR (d. 2000)
- Douglas Hyde became the 1st President of Ireland.
- The Spanish government threatened to bomb "Italian-dominated" towns in the Balearic Islands in retaliation for Italian bombing raids on civilians in the Civil War. Italy responded with threats to wipe Spanish Republican cities off the map.[32]
- President Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act[33] and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act into law.
- The Spanish government set three conditions for giving up its reprisal bombing plan: France would reopen its border with Spain, the Spanish rebels stop the bombing of government-held cities, and France and Britain agree to eventually mediate in the conflict.[34]
- Died: James Weldon Johnson, 67, American writer, diplomat and civil rights leader; E. V. Lucas, 70, English writer; Andrew James Peters, 66, American politician
- Two more British cargo ships in Spanish ports were attacked by warplanes. The Arlon was bombed at Valencia and the Farnham was hit at Alicante.[35] Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain resisted calls in the House of Commons to equip British merchant ships with anti-aircraft guns, saying "A good many difficulties arise in connection with it."[36]
- The International Hockey League and Canadian–American Hockey League merged to form the International-American Hockey League, renamed the American Hockey League in 1940.
- Born:
- John Byner, actor and comedian, in New York City
- Leon Panetta, American politician and intelligence officer, (U.S. Representative from California, Director of the CIA, Secretary of Defense), in Monterey, California[37]
- 40,000 Austrian Jews and spouses of Jews were dismissed from their jobs in the private sector.[38]
- A twin-engine Soviet aircraft flew non-stop from Moscow to Vladivostok in 24.5 hours.[39]
- Olympic National Park in the U.S. state of Washington was designated a national park by President Roosevelt.
- Died: Frederick William Vanderbilt, 82, American railway magnate
- The Baker Bowl in Philadelphia, home of the Phillies, hosted its final major league baseball game. The New York Giants defeated the Phillies 4-1. Ownership decided to move the team to Shibe Park and pay rent to the Athletics because Baker Bowl had become much too small and obsolete to be worth renovating.[40]
- The Federal Firearms Act went into effect in the United States.
- The House of Commons agreed to refer the Sandys Affair to a special committee that would determine the applicability of the Official Secrets Act to Members of Parliament.[41] The committee's findings would eventually lead to the revised Official Secrets Act 1939.
References
[edit]- ^ "Air-Raid Precautionary Services". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). June 1, 1938. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ Johnson, Peter (2013). A Philosopher and Appeasement: R.G. Collingwood and the Second World War. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 978-1-84540-664-6.
- ^ a b c d Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 497. ISBN 978-0-582-03919-3.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 1. Juni 1938". chroniknet. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ a b c "Chronology 1938". indiana.edu. 2002. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ Kuper, Simon (2011). Ajax, The Dutch, The War: Football in Europe During the Second World War. Orion. ISBN 978-1-4091-3786-3.
- ^ "Pasteurized Wins $46,350 Belmont Stake". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 5, 1938. p. Part 2, p. 1.
- ^ "Freud Consoled by U.S. Envoy on Flight to Exile in London". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 6, 1938. p. 10.
- ^ Burke, Jonathan (2013). The Topic of Cancer: New Perspectives on the Emotional Experience of Cancer. London: Karnac Books. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-78049-113-4.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 7. Juni 1938". chroniknet. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ Cashman, Sean Dennis (1989). America in the Twenties and Thirties: The Olympian Age of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. New York University. pp. 553–554. ISBN 978-0-8147-1413-3.
- ^ "5 reasons why National Doughnut Day isn't just another gag". The Daily Journal. June 5, 2015. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ "Japs Again Bomb Canton; 'Regret' Civilian Killings". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 8, 1938. p. 10.
- ^ MacDonogh, Giles (2009). 1938: Hitler's Gamble. Basic Books. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-465-02205-2.
- ^ "Five European Nations Jolted by Earthquake". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 12, 1938. p. 2.
- ^ "1938 MLB No-Hitters". ESPN. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ "Czech Voting Ends in Riots". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 13, 1938. p. 1.
- ^ "Rebels Capture Castellon; Push Valencia Drive". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 14, 1938. p. 4.
- ^ Cortada, James W., ed. (1982). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 511. ISBN 0-313-22054-9.
- ^ Trawicky, Bernard (2000). Anniversaries and Holidays. American Library Association. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8389-1004-7.
- ^ "Vander Meer pitches second consecutive no-hitter". History. A&E Networks. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ Schultz, Sigrid (June 17, 1938). "Nazi Mob Beats Berlin Jews in Raids on Shops". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ Rosefielde, Steven (2010). Red Holocaust. Routledge. p. 266. ISBN 978-1-135-19518-2.
- ^ Edwards, Willard (June 19, 1938). "10,000 Gape at Roosevelt Wedding". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ Stewart, Wayne (2006). Babe Ruth: A Biography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-313-33596-9.
- ^ "U. S. Jury Indicts 18 in Spy Inquiry". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 20, 1938. p. 1.
- ^ Minetor, Randi (2016). Death in Glacier National Park: Stories of Accidents and Foolhardiness in the Crown of the Continent. Guilford, Connecticut: Lyons Press. p. 46. ISBN 9781493025473.
- ^ Simkin, John (2014). "Spanish Civil War: Chronology". Spartacus Educational. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ Ward, Arch (June 23, 1938). "Louis Whips Max: 1 Round!". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ Schultz, Sigrid (June 24, 1938). "Workers Drafted by Nazis". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
- ^ Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T. "Fireside Chat – June 24, 1938". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ "Duce Raises War Fear of Europe by Threat to Destroy Loyalists". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 26, 1938. p. 1.
- ^ "1938". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on August 28, 2012. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ "Spain Demands Bomb Truce in Row with Italy". Chicago Daily Tribune. June 27, 1938. p. 1.
- ^ "2 More British Ships Bombed by Franco's Planes". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. June 27, 1938. p. 1.
- ^ "Spain". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). June 27, 1938. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ "PANETTA, Leon Edward | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives".
- ^ Cymet, David (2010). History vs. Apologetics: The Holocaust, the Third Reich, and the Catholic Church. Plymouth: Lexington Books. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-7391-3295-1.
- ^ "Tageseinträge für 29. Juni 1938". chroniknet. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ "Baker Bowl". SABR Research Journals Archive. Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
- ^ Police Searches on the Parliamentary Estate: First Report of Session 2009–10. The Stationery Office. 2010. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-215-54504-6.