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Lynda Chalker, Baroness Chalker of Wallasey, PC, FRGS (née Bates; born 29 April 1942) is a retired British Conservative politician who was the Member of Parliament for Wallasey from 1974 to 1992. She served as Minister of State for Overseas Development and Africa at the Foreign Office in the Conservative government from 1989 to 1997.

Key Information

Chalker headed the British delegation which participated in the first Tokyo International Conference on African Development in October 1993.[1]

She jointly holds the 20th-century record for continuous government service, along with Kenneth Clarke, Malcolm Rifkind, Tony Newton and Patrick Mayhew, for she held government office for the entire duration of the Conservatives' 18 years in power.

Chalker is the former president of the Royal Geographical Society.

Early life and career

[edit]

Chalker was educated at Roedean (where she was head girl), Heidelberg University, Queen Mary University of London and the University of Westminster (then known as the Polytechnic of Central London), and worked as a statistician and market researcher, including spells with Shell-Mex and BP and Opinion Research Centre (ORC), before entering Parliament in 1974 as MP for Wallasey, Merseyside, succeeding the former Cabinet minister Ernest Marples.

Chalker held a number of government posts, including spells as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Health and Social Security from 1979 to 1982 and at the Department of Transport from 1982 to 1983. In 1983 she became Minister of State at Transport, and was appointed Minister for Europe in 1986. However, she was never made a Cabinet minister. Gillian Shephard argued that Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher should have promoted Chalker to Cabinet, saying, "Lynda had a very senior position as a sort of Deputy Foreign Secretary, and she had worked a lot on her own developing policy on Africa and elsewhere. She was a serious player, loyal to a fault and never put her foot in it – a first class woman."[2] When asked, Chalker said that she believed she was overlooked because Thatcher wanted to be the only woman in Cabinet.[2]

Post-Commons

[edit]

Chalker was granted a life peerage as Baroness Chalker of Wallasey, of Leigh-on-Sea in the County of Essex in 1992,[3] after losing her seat at the general election of that year.

Chalker is the founder and president of Africa Matters Limited, an independent consultancy providing advice and assistance to companies initiating, developing or growing their activities in Africa.[4] She is a member of the international advisory board of Lafarge and sits on the board of trustees of the Investment Climate Facility for Africa.[citation needed]

She is a consultant for Uganda's Presidential Investors Roundtable (PIRT) that advises the president Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, on ways to improve Uganda's investment climate and competitiveness.[5]

Chalker is a member of the board of trustees of Sentebale, a charity set up to reach Lesotho's poorest children, many of whom are victims of extreme poverty and the HIV/AIDS epidemic. She founded the Chalker Foundation, which seeks to support the improvement of healthcare in Africa.

She held the position of non-executive director and chairman of the Corporate Responsibility and Reputation Committee for Unilever, retiring in May 2007, having served three terms of three years. She joined the board of Unilever as an advisory director in 1998, becoming a non-executive director in 2004.[citation needed]

Chalker is a former chairman of the Medicines for Malaria Venture, a not-for-profit foundation dedicated to reducing the burden of malaria in disease endemic countries. She is a former non-executive director of Group Five (Pty). She was awarded the Livingstone Medal by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society in 2000.[6]

In June 2014, Chalker was awarded honorary citizenship of Mozambique by President Armando Guebuza for services to that country.[7]

Chalker was shortlisted for the Grassroot Diplomat Initiative Award in 2015 for her work with Africa Matters, and she remains in the directory of the Grassroot Diplomat Who's Who publication.[8]

In 2018, it was announced that Chalker would take over from Nicholas Crane as president of the Royal Geographical Society.[citation needed]

Notes

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References

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Lynda Chalker

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Lynda Chalker, Baroness Chalker of (born 29 April 1942), is a retired British Conservative politician who represented as a from 1974 to 1992 and served as a in the from 1992 until her retirement in 2023. She advanced through various junior ministerial roles before becoming at the Foreign and Office with responsibility for Overseas Development from 1989 to , during which she directed British aid efforts toward in and the . Chalker's tenure emphasized practical investment and involvement in developing economies, reflecting her prior experience in and . Following her parliamentary career, she established Africa Matters Limited in to facilitate commercial opportunities in African markets and contributed to global health initiatives, such as chairing the Medicines for Venture.

Early Life and Education

Family Background and Childhood

Lynda Chalker was born Lynda Bates on 29 April 1942 in , , to Sidney Henry James Bates and Marjorie Kathleen Randell. Little is documented about her immediate family beyond her parents, with no indicating siblings. Her upbringing occurred in the , a region associated with middle-class English families emphasizing and civic responsibility, as reflected in contemporary profiles describing her parents as holding such values. During her childhood in the early to mid-1950s, Chalker developed an early awareness of Southern African issues at school through interactions with a friend from , which introduced her to regional disparities in and . This period preceded her formal at institutions like , marking the onset of interests that later influenced her political career.

Academic and Early Professional Experience

Chalker was educated at in , where she served as head girl from 1953 to 1961. She later studied at , the (including Queen Mary University), and Central London Polytechnic. Her academic focus included modern languages, with reported coursework in German. Upon completing her education, Chalker entered the workforce as a and market research manager at Unilever's research bureau, holding the position from 1963 to 1969. In this role, she applied quantitative analysis to consumer goods research, reflecting her statistical training; she later became a of the Royal Statistical Society. She also gained experience at other firms, including , as well as , where she conducted similar tasks prior to her entry into in 1974.

Entry into Politics

1974 Election and Initial Parliamentary Role

Lynda Chalker was elected as the Conservative for on 28 February , during the general that resulted in a with Labour forming a . Representing the constituency in , she entered Parliament as one of only a handful of female Conservative MPs who retained their seats amid the Conservative Party's net loss of seats nationwide. As a newly elected backbencher in opposition following the brief February Parliament and the subsequent October 1974 election—where she was re-elected amid Labour's slim majority—Chalker focused on constituency matters and parliamentary debates, with her first recorded contribution on 15 March 1974 addressing and . She did not hold any government positions during this period, given the Conservative Party's status in opposition. In January 1976, Chalker was appointed Shadow Spokesperson for the Department of and Social Security, a role she held until the 1979 general election, during which she critiqued Labour's policies on and economic management. This frontbench opposition position marked her initial parliamentary specialization in and social security issues, building on her prior professional background in statistics and personnel management.

Opposition and Shadow Positions (1974–1979)

Chalker was elected as the Conservative for on 28 February 1974, securing the seat in the February general election amid the Conservative Party's opposition to the incoming Labour government of . As a newly elected MP, she initially served on the backbenches, participating in parliamentary debates and contributing to the party's scrutiny of Labour's social and economic policies during a period marked by economic challenges including high and industrial unrest. In January 1976, under the leadership of —who had become Conservative leader in February 1975—Chalker was appointed Shadow Spokesperson for the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS), a frontbench opposition role focused on holding the government accountable on health, social services, and welfare provision. She retained this position through the tenure of Labour Prime Ministers Wilson and , until the general election on 3 May 1979, during which she critiqued aspects of Labour's handling of social security reforms and funding amid fiscal constraints. This shadow role positioned Chalker as a key voice in opposition efforts to advocate for more efficient delivery and fiscal responsibility in , aligning with the Conservative emphasis on curbing state expenditure while maintaining . Her tenure in opposition helped establish her expertise in and social affairs, paving the way for subsequent appointments after the Conservative in 1979.

Parliamentary and Ministerial Career Under Thatcher and Major

Government Appointments (1979–1989)

Following the Conservative Party's victory in the 1979 general election, Lynda Chalker was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) on 7 May 1979, serving until 5 March 1982. In this junior ministerial role, she handled aspects of social security policy, including benefits administration and responses to parliamentary questions on welfare provisions during the early Thatcher administration's fiscal reforms. Chalker then transferred to the Department of Transport as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State on 5 March 1982, a position she held until 18 October 1983. Her responsibilities included oversight of road safety, vehicle regulations, and transport infrastructure projects, contributing to the government's efforts in public services. She was promoted to on 18 October 1983, remaining in the role until 11 January 1986. During this period, Chalker advanced policies on , motorway development, and the privatization of , aligning with the Thatcher government's emphasis on market liberalization in transport sectors. In a further elevation, Chalker became at the (FCO) on 10 January 1986, with initial responsibility for European affairs until July 1989. She engaged in negotiations on European Community matters, including and budgetary issues, while supporting the UK's position against deeper federal integration amid Thatcher-era skepticism toward . This appointment marked her transition toward , preceding her later focus on .

Minister of State for Overseas Development (1989–1997)

Lynda Chalker served as for Overseas Development at the Foreign and Office from July 1989 to May 1997, overseeing the Overseas Development Administration (ODA) during the final years of Thatcher's premiership and the entirety of John Major's. This tenure made her one of only four ministers to hold continuous cabinet-level or equivalent positions across the full 18 years of Conservative government from 1979 to 1997, marking her as the longest-serving holder of the overseas development role. In this capacity, she managed the United Kingdom's foreign aid program, which ranked as the world's fifth-largest at the time, emphasizing bilateral assistance to developing nations, particularly in and the , alongside contributions to multilateral bodies. Chalker's policy framework prioritized aid effectiveness through conditional support for recipient countries' internal reforms, focusing on market-oriented economic structures, growth, accountable governance, investment, and environmental . In a December 1990 debate, she articulated the development agenda as requiring "support for effective policies in developing countries, built around open, accountable , market-oriented economies, [and] private sector development," arguing that alone could not substitute for changes conducive to growth. This approach reflected empirical observations that inflows often failed to spur sustained development without complementary and measures, as evidenced by stagnant outcomes in many state-led economies. She launched targeted initiatives, such as the 1991 "Children by Choice" population program under the British framework, allocating £100 million to efforts aimed at reducing through demographic management. Throughout her tenure, Chalker advocated for maintaining levels amid fiscal pressures and internal Conservative Party skepticism toward unconditional assistance, insisting on tying disbursements to progress in and governance. The 's budget, which she administered, hovered around 0.3% of , rising modestly from approximately £1.8 billion in 1990/91 to over £2.2 billion by 1996/97, with bilateral comprising the majority directed toward poverty alleviation projects and structural adjustments. She also pioneered support for transparency in aid-related sectors, becoming the first minister to endorse Transparency International's anti-corruption efforts, linking ethical governance to effective resource use. Her role extended to diplomatic engagements, including backing the in and critiquing inefficient projects, such as opposing the Pergau Dam funding in due to its poor value for development objectives despite linked arms deals.

Policies on International Aid and Development

Advocacy for Market-Oriented Approaches

During her tenure as for Overseas Development from 1989 to 1997, Lynda Chalker promoted market-oriented reforms as a cornerstone of effective , arguing that necessitated reducing state intervention and fostering private enterprise to combat aid dependency and inefficiency. She conditioned British on recipient governments adopting policies such as trade liberalization, of state-owned enterprises, and subsidy reductions, aligning with programs supported by international financial institutions like the World Bank and IMF. These measures, she contended, were essential for creating competitive economies capable of attracting and generating self-reliant growth, rather than perpetuating cycles of handouts that distorted markets and encouraged corruption. In a June 1991 speech on good government and aid, Chalker explicitly outlined free markets and an enhanced private sector role as two of four key components for aid effectiveness, alongside sound economic policies and accountable institutions; she asserted that without market liberalization, aid would fail to deliver long-term prosperity by undermining incentives for innovation and efficiency. This stance reflected her broader critique of overly statist development models prevalent in many aid recipients, particularly in Africa, where she linked stalled progress to resistance against deregulation and private investment. For instance, in parliamentary debates, she emphasized that aid should catalyze private capital flows, noting in 1996 that attracting such investment to low-income countries required policy environments conducive to business viability over bureaucratic controls. Chalker's advocacy extended to practical implementation, as Overseas Development Administration (ODA) programs under her oversight prioritized support for export-oriented industries and financial sector reforms to enable market-driven allocation of resources. She highlighted from reforming economies, such as those undergoing structural adjustments, where GDP growth accelerated post-liberalization compared to protected markets, cautioning that ignoring market principles led to resource misallocation and persistent . This approach drew from causal analyses showing that dynamism, not public spending alone, drove wealth creation, a view she maintained despite criticisms from agencies favoring unconditional transfers.

Focus on Africa and Private Sector Investment

As Minister of State for Overseas Development from 1989 to 1997, Baroness Chalker prioritized involvement in n development, arguing that sustainable growth required shifting from aid dependency to market-driven investments that leveraged local resources and entrepreneurship. She advocated for policies that improved investment climates, including regulatory reforms to attract (FDI) and public-private partnerships, viewing these as essential for job creation and infrastructure without perpetuating state-led inefficiencies often seen in aid-heavy models. For instance, in discussions with the World Bank in 1997, she highlighted opportunities for private capital in sectors like and , critiquing donor approaches that overlooked commercial viability in favor of sectoral silos. Following her ministerial tenure, Chalker founded Africa Matters Limited in 1997, an advisory firm dedicated to facilitating international private into African economies by bridging gaps and advising businesses on and relations. The targeted high-potential sectors such as , , and , emphasizing transparency and accountability to ensure returns and long-term commitments from investors. In , she publicly noted that approximately 40 percent of wealth generated in Africa was invested abroad due to domestic barriers, urging governments to mandate retention through incentives and enforce transparency in private fund flows to reinvest capital locally. Chalker's efforts extended to institutional roles, including as a founder trustee of the Investment Climate Facility for (ICF), launched in 2006 to support governance reforms that enhanced participation across the continent through partnerships between investors, governments, and multilateral bodies. She promoted trade over aid, as evidenced in 2005 remarks on , where she stressed African businesses' need to demonstrate reliability to secure partnerships, and in 2002 endorsements of as Africa's premier investment destination due to its stable policies. By 2023, Matters had advised on billions in deals, continuing her legacy of causal emphasis on private capital as a driver of self-reliant growth amid critiques of aid's limited impact.

Criticisms and Defenses

Challenges to Aid Dependency Narratives

Chalker consistently argued that while dependency in had reached unsustainable levels, it stemmed primarily from internal failures and rather than the provision of aid itself, thereby challenging narratives that portrayed foreign assistance as an inherent cause of perpetual reliance. In a 1993 House of Lords debate, she stated that "'s dependency, which is already too high, must be reduced," emphasizing the need for African governments to prioritize economic reforms, sound macroeconomic policies, and measures to foster self-reliance. She highlighted empirical evidence of mismanagement, noting that approximately 40 percent of wealth generated in was being invested externally by leaders, which exacerbated dependency by undermining domestic investment and . This perspective countered deterministic views of aid as a dependency trap by attributing to policy choices, such as over-reliance on state-led economies and , rather than donor intentions. To mitigate dependency, Chalker advocated conditioning on demonstrable progress in and market liberalization, rejecting unconditional transfers that could entrench poor incentives. Under her tenure as Minister for Overseas Development, British policy shifted toward supporting initiatives, with funding for non-governmental and private organizations increasing from £5.2 million to over £100 million annually by the early , aimed at catalyzing sustainable growth through enterprise rather than state handouts. She promoted bilateral and multilateral engagements focused on programs that encouraged trade openness and fiscal discipline, arguing these would transition recipients from dependency to partnership models. Critics of dependency, such as economists highlighting , were thus challenged by her evidence-based case that targeted, performance-linked could build institutional resilience, as seen in selective successes like improved absorption in -reforming nations. Her approach also emphasized Africa's untapped potential for self-generated wealth, disputing narratives that framed the continent as aid-irredeemable. By linking aid reductions to increased private flows—evidenced by her promotion of export-oriented reforms—Chalker posited that dependency could be dismantled through causal mechanisms like competitive markets and accountable , rather than abrupt aid cessation which risked humanitarian fallout without alternatives. This framework, informed by first-hand observations during her extensive African engagements, positioned as a temporary bridge to autonomy, substantiated by metrics such as rising in reformed economies during the 1990s.

Responses to Left-Leaning Critiques on and

Chalker addressed left-leaning critiques that conservative prioritizes geopolitical interests over humanitarian needs by emphasizing the necessity of political conditionality to ensure aid's effectiveness and prevent the entrenchment of . During her tenure as for Overseas Development from 1989 to 1997, she advocated linking British aid to recipients' commitments on , , and reforms, arguing that unconditional disbursements—often defended by critics as non-interfering—merely prolonged inefficient and corrupt systems, as evidenced by the UK's suspension of aid to regimes like under , which contributed to democratic transitions following multiparty elections in 1994. This approach, she maintained, aligned with causal evidence that improvements precede sustainable , countering claims of ideological imposition with data from post-conditionality reforms showing increased in affected countries. In response to accusations that conservative emphasis on market-oriented development exacerbates inequality by favoring private investment over state welfare, Chalker highlighted empirical outcomes from export-led growth models in , where liberalization from the 1960s onward lifted hundreds of millions from through job creation and , contrasting this with 's stagnation under import-substitution and heavy state intervention prevalent in pre-1980s policies. She argued that left-preferred dependency models, which prioritize inflows without structural reforms, foster bureaucratic inefficiency and disincentivize , as seen in sub-Saharan 's GDP decline of approximately 0.7% annually from 1974 to 1990 amid high dependency ratios exceeding 10% of GDP in many nations. Instead, her policies promoted partnerships, such as the 's Development Initiative launched in the early , which channeled over £100 million into enterprise support by 1997, yielding measurable increases in formation and export volumes in beneficiary countries. Chalker further rebutted charges of fiscal undermining development commitments by defending the Conservative government's real-terms increases—rising from £1.66 billion in 1989 to £2.1 billion by —while insisting on value-for-money scrutiny to minimize waste, a stance she reiterated post-tenure in advocating against Treasury-proposed cuts that risked eroding program integrity. This pragmatic realism, she contended, better served long-term recipient than expansive but untargeted spending, drawing on observations that aid-dependent economies exhibited scores 20-30% lower on international indices compared to diversified ones. Her positions underscored a commitment to over ideological purity, challenging systemic biases in development discourse that often overlook market reforms' role in averting famines and conflicts through economic resilience.

Post-Parliamentary Contributions

Founding Africa Matters and Business Advisory Work

In 1997, following her departure from government as for Overseas Development and , Lynda Chalker founded Matters Limited, an independent consultancy specializing in strategic advice for businesses seeking opportunities across the African continent. The firm, headquartered in , positioned itself as a pan-African advisory group focused on channeling investment into key sectors such as , , oil and gas, , , and public policy development, emphasizing practical facilitation of commercial ventures rather than traditional mechanisms. Chalker served as the firm's president and chairman, leveraging her extensive governmental experience to bridge gaps between international investors, African governments, and local enterprises. Africa Matters operated by providing tailored consultancy services, including , policy navigation, and partnership brokering, with the explicit goal of sustaining flows to counterbalance dependency and promote self-reliant in . Under Chalker's leadership, the firm advised multinational corporations on entry strategies into African markets, drawing on her network from over a decade in high-level roles. In June 2023, J.S. Held, a global , acquired Africa Matters to expand its African strategic advisory capabilities, allowing the entity to maintain its focus on promotion while integrating broader technical and financial expertise. Parallel to her work with Africa Matters, Chalker engaged in broader business advisory roles, including membership on the international advisory board of Lafarge et Cie, a major construction materials company, where she contributed insights on African operations until her departure in 2019. These efforts underscored her post-parliamentary emphasis on private investment as a driver of development, often coordinating honorary investor councils, such as for the Nigerian presidency, to align business interests with governmental reforms. Her advisory activities consistently prioritized empirical market dynamics over ideological interventions, reflecting a continuity from her ministerial advocacy for enterprise-led progress in Africa.

Leadership in Global Health and Investment Initiatives

Following her departure from government in 1997, Baroness Chalker assumed the chairmanship of the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), a non-profit organization established in 1999 to discover, develop, and deliver affordable antimalarial medicines through public-private partnerships. Under her leadership, MMV expanded its portfolio to include multiple drug candidates targeting drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite, culminating in the approval of fixed-dose combinations like artesunate-amodiaquine by 2005 and ongoing efforts to achieve at least one new antimalarial on the market by 2010. She served two consecutive terms, stepping down in June 2011, during which MMV raised over $100 million in funding from donors including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and pharmaceutical partners such as Novartis and GlaxoSmithKline. In 2005, Chalker founded the Chalker Foundation for , a UK-registered charity dedicated to enhancing medical training, knowledge dissemination, and cost-effective healthcare management systems across the continent. Drawing from her prior experience in overseas development, the foundation prioritized practical interventions such as supporting clinical training programs and equipment procurement in under-resourced African hospitals, with initial activities focused on countries like and to address gaps in maternal and child health services. By emphasizing self-sustaining models over dependency on , the foundation collaborated with local institutions to build capacity in areas like infectious disease management, reporting operational expenditures exceeding £500,000 annually by the mid-2010s to fund scholarships and infrastructure upgrades. Chalker also served as a founder trustee of the Investment Climate Facility for Africa (ICF), launched in 2006 as an independent entity to assist African governments in reforming policies and regulations to attract , particularly in , , and sectors. In this role, she advocated for targeted reforms, such as streamlining business registration processes and reducing bureaucratic barriers, which ICF implemented in over 20 countries by 2015, facilitating $1.5 billion in private investments through technical assistance funded by donors like the . Her involvement underscored a commitment to leveraging private capital for , including health infrastructure projects that complemented public aid efforts.

Later Career and Recent Activities

Involvement in Charities like Sentebale

Baroness Chalker served as a of , a charity co-founded by Prince Harry in 2006 to support vulnerable children and young people in and affected by and extreme poverty, from its early years until November 2024, a tenure spanning nearly 20 years. Her involvement leveraged her extensive experience in African development to guide the organization's efforts in providing education, healthcare, and economic opportunities to over 3,000 beneficiaries annually through programs like youth clubs and vocational training. In parallel, Chalker established the Chalker Foundation for in 2005 as a charitable focused on advancing medical knowledge, training healthcare professionals, and implementing cost-effective management systems across the continent. The foundation has supported initiatives in countries including and , emphasizing practical improvements in clinical care and infrastructure, with reported expenditures on grants and programs totaling over £500,000 in recent financial years. As chair since at least 2017, she has directed efforts toward sustainable healthcare delivery amid challenges like limited resources and disease burdens. Her philanthropy extends to leadership roles in similar Africa-oriented organizations, including serving as chairman of the Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV), a public-private partnership that has developed 20 new antimalarial treatments since 2000, reaching millions in . She also acted as a founder trustee of the Investment Climate Facility for Africa (ICF), which facilitates private investment to bolster infrastructure and reduce poverty, aligning with her advocacy for market-driven aid alternatives. These engagements reflect a consistent emphasis on targeted, evidence-based interventions over broad aid distributions.

Engagements and Views on as of 2024–2025

In January 2024, Baroness Chalker delivered a keynote address on " 2024" at an event hosted by the Forum for Countries (CFCC) in the , where she discussed the limited prominence of international affairs in public discourse, noting exceptions related to domestic migration concerns. The speech underscored her ongoing emphasis on 's economic potential amid global shifts, aligning with her long-standing advocacy for private sector-driven development over traditional aid models. Through her continued presidency of Africa Matters Limited, acquired by J.S. Held in 2023, Chalker has facilitated strategic advisory services for international firms seeking to expand investments across the , focusing on sectors like , , and resource extraction to foster sustainable growth and reduce dependency on foreign aid. This work in 2024–2025 reflects her view that African economies require enhanced and business partnerships to achieve , a position she has maintained since founding the consultancy in 1997. In November 2024, Chalker resigned as a trustee of , the charity co-founded by Prince Harry in 2006 to support HIV/AIDS-affected youth in and , after serving nearly 20 years and contributing to its expansion of health and education programs reaching over 3,000 children annually. Her departure occurred amid internal restructuring at the organization, though she has not publicly detailed personal reasons; it marked the end of her direct involvement in grassroots health initiatives in , where she previously championed community-based interventions combining medical care with economic empowerment. By September 2025, Chalker engaged with African political figures, including a meeting with Ugandan opposition leader , in discussions tied to parliamentary partnerships and regional stability, reinforcing her perspective that political predictability and rule-of-law reforms are prerequisites for attracting sustained private investment to Africa's resource-rich markets. These interactions highlight her persistent focus on enabling business environments to drive continental prosperity, critiquing over-reliance on aid as perpetuating stagnation.

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  50. https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/2193736e-0d6c-49b5-8528-5c85237a7e6b/ScienceOpen/03056240008704460.pdf
  51. https://www.developmentaid.org/organizations/view/69054/africa-matters-limited
  52. https://www.cfcconline.org.uk/news/lynda-baroness-chalker
  53. https://www.intelligenceonline.com/corporate-intelligence/2019/07/31/baroness-chalker-head-of-africa-matters-leaves-lafarge%2C108367901-bre
  54. https://www.mmv.org/newsroom/news-resources-search/mmv-announces-new-chairman-board-effective-2011
  55. https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/reports/global-program-review-medicines-malaria-venture
  56. https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/about-the-register-of-charities/-/charity-details/4011403/full-print
  57. https://uk.linkedin.com/company/chalker-foundation-for-africa
  58. https://www.express.co.uk/news/royal/1977101/Prince-Harry-fresh-blow-Baroness-leaves-Sentebale
  59. https://www.civilsociety.co.uk/news/oxfam-deputy-to-take-the-reins-at-prince-harry-s-charity.html
  60. https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search/-/charity-details/4011403/trustees
  61. https://www.cfcconline.org.uk/news/africa-2024-rt-hon-baroness-chalker-wallasey-frgs-president-cfcc
  62. https://feminegra.com/is-the-sentebale-power-shift-a-royal-takeover-or-a-simple-restructure/
  63. https://www.facebook.com/Parliament.of.Ghana/posts/roundtable-on-uk-ghana-parliamentary-partnership-heldthe-rt-hon-alban-sumana-kin/1118473750390789/
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