Neoendorphin

Neoendorphins are a group of endogenous opioid peptides derived from the proteolytic cleavage of prodynorphin.^[1] They include α-neoendorphin and β-neoendorphin. The α-neoendorphin is present in greater amounts in the brain than β-neoendorphin. Both are products of the dynorphin gene, which also expresses dynorphin A, dynorphin A-(1-8), and dynorphin B.^[2] These opioid neurotransmitters are especially active in Central Nervous System receptors, whose primary function is pain sensation.^[3] These peptides all have the consensus amino acid sequence of Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met (met-enkephalin) or Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu (leu-enkephalin).^[4] Binding of neoendorphins to opioid receptors (OPR), in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons results in the reduction of time of calcium-dependent action potential.^[5] The α-neoendorphins bind OPRD1(delta), OPRK1(kappa), and OPRM1 (mu) and β-neoendorphin bind OPRK1.^[6][7]

1. ^ Seizinger BR, Grimm C, Höllt V, Herz A (February 1984). "Evidence for a selective processing of proenkephalin B into different opioid peptide forms in particular regions of rat brain and pituitary". Journal of Neurochemistry. 42 (2): 447–57. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb02698.x. PMID 6141221. S2CID 33527743.
2. ^ Cone, Ri; Weber, E; Barchas, Jd; Goldstein, A (1983-11-01). "Regional distribution of dynorphin and neo-endorphin peptides in rat brain, spinal cord, and pituitary". The Journal of Neuroscience. 3 (11): 2146–2152. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.03-11-02146.1983. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 6564641. PMID 6138396.
3. ^ Bhagavan, N.V.; Ha, Chung-Eun (2015), "Endocrine Metabolism II", Essentials of Medical Biochemistry, Elsevier, pp. 545–557, ISBN 978-0-12-416687-5, retrieved 2022-04-24{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
4. ^ Bhagavan, N. V. (2002-01-01), Bhagavan, N. V. (ed.), "CHAPTER 31 - Endocrine Metabolism II: Hypothalamus and Pituitary", Medical Biochemistry (Fourth Edition), San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 729–747, doi:10.1016/b978-012095440-7/50033-0, ISBN 978-0-12-095440-7, retrieved 2022-05-12{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
5. ^ Werz, Mary Ann; Macdonald, Robert L. (1985). "Opioid peptides decrease calcium-dependent action potential duration of mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons in cell culture". Brain Research. 239 (1): 315–321. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90859-9. hdl:2027.42/23986. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 7093688. S2CID 12991911.
6. ^ PubChem. "beta-Neoendorphin". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
7. ^ PubChem. "alpha-Neoendorphin". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-12.

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