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Saladitos

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Saladitos are a Mexican snack of dried and salted plums or apricot, which can also be sweetened with sugar and anise or coated in chili and lime. A common misconception is that saladitos and chamoy are the same thing; saladitos are the dried salted fruit, whereas chamoy is made from the leftover brine.^[1]

History

[edit]

Saladitos and chamoy are derived from the kiamoy ("ciamoy" in Philippine Spanish) and champóy of the Philippines, which themselves originated from li hing mui brought over by Hokkien migrants to the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. They were likely transported to Nueva España by Filipino migrants via the Manila Galleons (1565 to 1815).^[2]^[3]^[4]

Consumption

[edit]

One method of eating saladitos is to stuff a few of them into an orange or lemon and then suck the salted juice out, while allowing the saladito to rehydrate. Once all the juice is eaten, the saladitos are eaten. The pits can be cracked open to eat the seed, too. Another method is to eat the saladito without any other fruit, and either cracking open the pit to eat the seed or discarding the pit. One can also first rinse the saladito with water, and then eat it plain.

On some occasions, a few saladitos may be put into drinks like micheladas,^[5] Sprite, ginger ale or beer. Once the saladito is placed in the soda, bubbles will begin to rise immediately. There is also a mezcal cocktail that shares the name saladito.^[6]

Recalls

[edit]

A recall notice was issued in the United States in 2009 by the Texas Department of State Health Services, when saladitos believed to have been sourced from Asia were found to have levels of lead exceeding health guidelines.^[7] In 2021–2022, the California Department of Public Health issued a recall warning on eight brands of saladitos manufactured in China and Taiwan, also found to have levels of lead exceeding health guidelines.^[8]

References

[edit]

^ Trivedi-Grenier, Leena (January 17, 2017). "Chamoy Is Mexico's Flavor Fiesta Condiment, Courtesy Of China". NPR.
^ Tellez, Lesley (May 29, 2019). "The Spicy, Sour, Ruby-Red Appeal of Chamoy". Taste. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
^ "Kiamoy: What Exactly Is Kiamoy? (A Filipino Street Food)". Philippine News. March 28, 2020. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
^ Polistico, Edgie (2017). Philippine Food, Cooking, & Dining Dictionary. Anvil Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9786214200870.
^ Berlin, Andi (2015-07-15). "It's a beer, it's a bloody mary ... It's a michelada!". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
^ Martinez, Claudya (May 30, 2021). "Pregnancy, Parenting, Lifestyle, Beauty". MamasLatinas.com. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
^ McBride, Doug (October 1, 2009). "Consumers Warned Not to Eat Certain Imported Dried Plums". US Recall News.
^ Waintal, Melody (2022-02-16). "Tiren los Saladitos de estas 8 marcas". KION546 (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-07-18.

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Saladitos are a traditional Mexican snack made from dried and salted plums or apricots, typically derived from the sour Prunus mume fruit, offering a intensely salty, tangy, and sometimes sour flavor that often requires soaking in the mouth to soften before consumption.^[1]^[2] These small, pitted fruits may be plain or coated with additional seasonings like lemon powder, chili, lime, sugar, or anise, creating variations that balance saltiness with citrusy or spicy notes.^[2]^[3] Originating from Chinese culinary traditions as "see mui"—a preserved dried plum or apricot introduced to Mexico by Asian migrants via Spanish galleons starting in the 16th century—saladitos evolved into a staple of Mexican street food and candy culture, particularly in northern regions like Baja California.^[1] They form the foundational ingredient for chamoy, a versatile Mexican condiment that amplifies their sweet-salty-sour profile with added chiles and fruits, influencing a wide array of snacks from fruit cups to candies.^[1] Popular among children and adults alike, saladitos are often enjoyed alone, stuffed into oranges for a refreshing treat, or paired with beverages like beer to cut their puckering intensity.^[2] Beyond Mexico, saladitos have gained traction in the United States, especially in Hispanic communities and Hawaii, where they are known as salted li hing mui and used to flavor candies, gummies, and fresh produce.^[4] Their cultural significance lies in bridging Asian and Mexican flavors, embodying the syncretic history of global trade and migration in Latin American cuisine.^[1]

Description

Ingredients and Variants

Saladitos are primarily made from dried Prunus mume (Chinese plum or ume), though commercial variants may use other plums or apricots, which are salted using iodized salt and often preserved with sodium bisulfite to extend shelf life.^[3]^[5] The salting process typically involves a brine derived from the fruit's own juices, resulting in a tangy, umami-rich base flavor that balances the natural sweetness and acidity of the dried fruit.^[6] Common variants include the plain salted version, which emphasizes the fruit's inherent tartness and saltiness without additional seasonings. Sweetened iterations incorporate sugar and sometimes anise for a milder, aromatic profile that tempers the saltiness.^[6] Spicy-sour options are coated in chili powder, lime, citric acid, or Tajín seasoning—a blend of chili peppers, dehydrated lime, and salt—to create a bold, piquant contrast.^[3]^[5] Other flavored varieties feature lemon powder for citrus brightness or chamoy—a thick, sweet-sour sauce—for an intensified tangy heat, often with added artificial colors like FD&C Red #40.^[3]^[5] Saladitos differ from similar snacks like chamoy, which is a sauce derived from the same salted fruit brine but lacks the dried fruit itself, and li hing mui, a salty dried plum snack originating from Chinese traditions, similar in profile but often with added sweetness in Hawaiian variants.^[7] Popular brands exemplify these variants: Hola offers a variety pack including chamoy and chili-infused options alongside strawberry-chili for fruity heat; Jack Power provides plain salted plums for a straightforward taste; and El Super Leon specializes in enchilado versions coated in chili and chamoy.^[6]^[5]

Preparation Process

The preparation of saladitos begins with selecting fresh Prunus mume plums, which retain their pits. These fruits are then soaked in a saltwater brine, often utilizing the fruits' own juices for natural fermentation to enhance salinity and preservation. In traditional methods, common in regions influenced by Asian techniques adapted in Mexico, the soaked fruits are sun-dried or air-dehydrated for 3 to 7 days at ambient temperatures around 25°C until achieving a leathery, chewy consistency that balances moisture loss with retained juiciness. Commercial production adapts these steps for efficiency and scale, sourcing plums primarily from suitable sour varieties, including imported Asian types. Machine dehydration replaces sun-drying, employing controlled low-heat systems at 50-60°C to accelerate the process while preserving nutritional integrity and flavor compounds, typically completing in hours rather than days.^[8] Post-drying, the saladitos may receive flavor coatings like chili-lime for variants, applied evenly to enhance taste without compromising the core salted profile. Quality control emphasizes authenticity alongside treatments to inhibit microbial growth and extend shelf life when stored in cool, dry conditions. Packaging follows immediately, using bulk containers or small, moisture-proof bags to shield the product from humidity absorption, ensuring the leathery texture and intense salty-sour balance endure during distribution.

History

Asian Origins

The roots of saladitos lie in ancient Chinese preservation techniques for Prunus mume, the Japanese apricot, which has been cultivated in China for over 3,000 years as a fruit valued for its ornamental, edible, and medicinal properties.^[9] During the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), early forms of salted and dried plums emerged as a method to extend shelf life for travel and storage, with the product known today as huamei in Mandarin or li hing mui in Cantonese—literally "traveling plum"—featuring a distinctive salty, sour profile enhanced by licorice and sometimes preserved plum juice.^[10] These plums were typically prepared by salting unripe fruits, drying them, and coating with seasonings, a process documented in historical texts from the Eastern Han period around 100 CE onward, reflecting their role in daily sustenance and long-distance commerce.^[11] In the Philippines, Chinese immigrants adapted this preservation method starting in the 16th century amid Spanish colonial trade, transforming li hing mui into kiamoy (from Hokkien for "salted plum") or champoy (from Cantonese).^[12] This evolution maintained the core sour-salty balance while aligning with Filipino preferences for bold, tangy flavors in portable snacks. Across Asia, salted preserved plums held a dual cultural significance as both a cherished sour-salty treat and a traditional remedy, particularly for digestive ailments like nausea, poor appetite, and diarrhea, due to their astringent and fiber-rich properties that promoted gut health.^[10] Their portability facilitated spread through ancient trade routes, including the Silk Road networks, and later via maritime migration of Chinese communities to Southeast Asia, where variants became embedded in regional cuisines long before trans-Pacific exchanges. This foundational Asian legacy eventually reached Mexico via Manila galleon trade in the 16th–19th centuries, setting the stage for further adaptations.^[12]

Arrival and Evolution in Mexico

The introduction of saladitos to Mexico traces back to the Manila Galleon trade, a trans-Pacific route established by the Spanish Empire in 1565 that connected the Philippines to the port of Acapulco until its end in 1815. Filipino sailors and migrants transported kiamoy—a dried, salted plum snack from Asian culinary traditions—to New Spain, where it served as a precursor to saladitos.^[1] During the Spanish colonial era, this imported treat was adapted by incorporating local Mexican ingredients, particularly chili and lime, which infused it with the tangy, spicy profile characteristic of Mexican street foods. The name "saladitos," a diminutive form of the Spanish word "salado" meaning "salted," describes these seasoned dried plums.^[1] Mexican Independence in 1821 spurred further cultural and culinary diversification, allowing for expanded flavor variations in snacks like saladitos amid post-colonial national identity formation. Commercialization accelerated in the 20th century; for instance, De La Rosa, founded in 1942 by Jesús Michel González as a family-run operation in Guadalajara, began scaling production of traditional Mexican candies and achieved widespread market success by the 1950s through industrial advancements imported from Germany.^[13] The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), implemented in 1994, boosted Mexican food exports to the United States, with the candy sector—including saladitos—experiencing rapid growth and increased availability in American markets as tariffs were reduced.^[14]

Consumption and Culture

Traditional Eating Methods

Saladitos are traditionally consumed as a standalone snack in Mexico, where their intense saltiness and chewy texture provide a tangy, puckering bite that is often enjoyed by sucking on the dried plum or apricot until it softens slightly before chewing the fruit away from the pit.^[2]^[15] This plain method highlights their role as a simple, portable treat, particularly among children and teenagers who appreciate the bold flavor without additional preparation.^[2] A popular ritual involves pairing saladitos with fresh citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, or mandarins to balance their saltiness with the fruit's acidity and juices. In this method, a saladito is inserted into a halved citrus, allowing the consumer to suck out the mingled salted juices before eating the softened fruit segments, with the pit typically discarded afterward.^[15] This combination not only tempers the snack's brininess but also enhances its tangy profile, making it a refreshing option during social gatherings or as a school recess treat. Saladitos are frequently integrated into beverages to infuse them with salt and subtle fruit notes, a practice common in casual settings like parties or meals. They are added to drinks such as micheladas—a beer-based cocktail with lime—or sodas like Sprite, where the saladitos soak in the liquid, releasing flavor while the fizz rehydrates them for later eating.^[16] In these contexts, they serve as both a flavor enhancer and an accompanying bite that complements spicy Mexican dishes by providing a contrasting salty-tart cleanse.^[15]

Regional Variations and Modern Popularity

In northern Mexico, particularly in regions like Baja California including Mexicali and Tijuana, saladitos hold iconic status as a childhood staple and everyday snack, often enjoyed plain or paired with fresh fruits for added tanginess.^[17] This regional affinity stems from the snack's accessibility and its role in local street food culture, where it is commonly tucked into oranges or mixed into chamoy-based preparations. While variations exist nationwide, such as chili-lime coatings for added heat or anise-sweetened versions for milder profiles, these adaptations reflect broader Mexican preferences for balancing saltiness with local flavors without strict geographic boundaries.^[2] Saladitos have spread internationally through Mexican diaspora communities and cultural exchanges, gaining traction in the U.S. Southwest where they appear in supermarkets and gas stations as a convenient, portable treat.^[18] In Hawaii, they manifest as a hybrid with the local li hing mui, a salted dried plum snack introduced by Chinese immigrants in the late 19th century; this version emphasizes a sweet-tangy-salty profile, often enjoyed alone or as a flavor enhancer in shave ice and cocktails.^[7]^[4] The snack's popularity extends to Latin America, where its simple, preserved format aligns with regional appetites for dried fruit treats, though specific consumption patterns vary by country.^[4] Modern adaptations have boosted saladitos' appeal, with prepared versions incorporating tropical fruits like mango or pineapple for a fusion twist that enhances their chewiness and acidity. Social media platforms like TikTok have amplified visibility since 2020, featuring user-generated recipes such as homemade saladitos tutorials and creative pairings with chamoy or citrus, contributing to viral sharing among younger demographics. Post-2020, online availability has surged, with platforms like Amazon offering premium jumbo-sized packs and flavored options (e.g., lemon or tamarind), facilitating broader access amid rising e-commerce for ethnic snacks.^[19] These developments underscore saladitos' evolution from a traditional botana to a versatile, globally inspired product.

Health and Safety

Nutritional Profile

A standard serving of saladitos, consisting of approximately 28 grams (about 1 ounce or 6-8 pieces depending on size), contains 80 calories, derived almost entirely from carbohydrates.^[20] This serving includes 22 grams of total carbohydrates, of which 2 grams are dietary fiber, along with 0 grams of fat and 1 gram of protein.^[20] Sugars are present as part of the natural fruit composition but are not separately quantified on typical labels. The most prominent nutritional aspect of saladitos is their high sodium content, at 1,580 milligrams per 28-gram serving, which accounts for 66-68% of the recommended daily value based on a 2,000-calorie diet.^[20] This stems directly from the salting process essential to the snack's flavor profile. Trace micronutrients include vitamin A at 15% of the daily value and iron at 4%, both contributed by the dried plum base, though vitamin C levels are negligible (0% daily value) due to processing.^[20] Saladitos provide no cholesterol and are naturally low in fat, making them suitable for low-fat dietary approaches, but their sodium load necessitates moderation to avoid exceeding daily limits. In terms of benefits, the approximately 7 grams of dietary fiber per 100 grams supports digestive health by promoting regularity, positioning saladitos as a relatively low-calorie-density snack alternative to higher-fat options like nuts or chips.^[20] However, they are not a significant source of protein (only 3.6 grams per 100 grams) or iron (about 2.6 milligrams per 100 grams) when compared to nutrient-dense alternatives such as almonds, which offer approximately 1 mg of iron and 6 grams of protein per 28-gram serving. Potassium is present from the plum fruit base, though exact amounts vary by brand and are not always labeled; dried plums generally contribute around 700 milligrams per 100 grams, aiding electrolyte balance.^[21] Nutritional profiles can vary slightly across brands and variants; plain salted versions exhibit the highest sodium levels, while chili-flavored options incorporate spices that add negligible calories, fats, or carbohydrates.^[21] Overall, saladitos serve as a fiber-rich, low-fat treat with a fruit-derived micronutrient profile, best enjoyed in moderation to manage sodium intake.

Recalls and Contamination Risks

In 2009, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) issued a public warning against consuming certain imported dried plum products, including saladitos, after laboratory tests revealed elevated lead levels ranging from 0.11 to 30.3 parts per million (ppm), exceeding the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) interim reference level of 0.1 ppm for candy-like products.^[22] The affected brands, primarily sourced from Asia, included Alamo Packing, Bolner’s Fiesta Products, and several others distributed through Hispanic and Asian markets in Texas, California, and New York; the recall was prompted by routine FDA testing that highlighted risks to children's health, particularly developmental delays from chronic exposure. No illnesses were reported at the time, but officials urged consumers, especially parents of young children and pregnant women, to discard the products and seek medical evaluation if ingestion had occurred.^[23] Between 2021 and 2022, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and FDA oversaw recalls of eight brands of saladitos due to lead contamination exceeding safe limits, with levels reaching up to 33.25 micrograms per serving—far above the maximum safe daily intake of 3.0 micrograms for children under six from all dietary sources.^[24] The recalled products, imported from China and Taiwan, included El Chavito Salted Plums with Chili, El Super Leon Ponchin Saladitos Dry Salted Plums, Candies Tolteca Saladitos, La Fiesta Saladitos Con Chile, and others, distributed primarily in retail stores across California, Nevada, and Utah.^[25] These actions followed CDPH laboratory analysis and a consumer alert from the California Attorney General's Office, with no confirmed illnesses but warnings of potential long-term developmental risks such as lower IQ and learning disabilities in children from repeated exposure.^[24] Lead contamination in saladitos primarily stems from environmental absorption in polluted soils during cultivation of plums in certain Asian regions, where industrial activities have elevated heavy metal levels in agricultural land.^[26] In response, U.S. regulations were strengthened post-2022 through FDA import alerts and enhanced testing protocols for dried fruits, including detention without physical examination for high-risk imports to prevent distribution of contaminated products.^[27] Mexican authorities, under the Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risk (COFEPRIS), maintain general limits for lead in foods at 0.2 milligrams per kilogram but have aligned with international standards by increasing scrutiny on imported dried fruits following U.S. alerts. No further recalls of saladitos due to lead have been reported in the U.S. or Mexico from 2023 to 2025. To mitigate risks, consumers are advised to select saladitos from brands that undergo third-party laboratory testing for heavy metals, as verified certifications can confirm compliance with safety standards.^[28] Chronic lead exposure may manifest in symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, and neurological issues including impaired cognitive function and peripheral nerve damage, particularly in vulnerable populations.^[29] While high sodium content in saladitos poses separate cardiovascular concerns, lead remains the primary contamination hazard addressed in recalls.^[28]

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Saladitos

Description

Ingredients and Variants

Preparation Process

History

Asian Origins

Arrival and Evolution in Mexico

Consumption and Culture

Traditional Eating Methods

Regional Variations and Modern Popularity

Health and Safety

Nutritional Profile

Recalls and Contamination Risks

References

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