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Southern Naval Command
Southern Naval Command
Southern Naval Command
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Southern Naval Command
Crest of the Southern Naval Command
Active1977
Country India
Branch Indian Navy
TypeCommand
HeadquartersKochi, Kerala
Commanders
FOC-in-CVice Admiral Sameer Saxena, AVSM, NM
Chief of StaffRear Admiral Prakash Gopalan

The Southern Naval Command is one of the three, command-level formations of the Indian Navy. Southern Naval Command is the largest naval command in India and it has its headquarters in Kochi, Kerala at INS Venduruthy. It is the Training Command of the Indian Navy.[1]

The Command is commanded by a Three Star Flag Officer of the rank of Vice Admiral with the title Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command (FOC-in-C). Vice Admiral Sameer Saxena, AVSM, NM is the current FOC-in-C SNC, who took over on 31 December 2023.[2]

History

[edit]
The CNS Adm R K Dhowan inspecting the guard of honour at the Southern Naval Command
Stamp released on the occasion of the presentation of President's Colour Award to Southern Naval Command in 1984 by President Zail Singh.

After the independence and the partition of India on 15 August 1947, the ships and personnel of the Royal Indian Navy were divided between the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. The division of the ships was on the basis of two-thirds of the fleet to India, one third to Pakistan.[3]

The shore establishments on the southern coast were headed by the Commodore Cochin (COMCHIN), a one star appointment. The COMCHIN directly reported into the Chief of the Naval Staff. In 1967, the Goa Area was included under COMCHIN. On 1 March 1968, the Commodore Cochin (COMCHIN) was re-designated as Commodore Commanding Southern Naval Area (COMSOUTH).[4] In August 1970, the appointment of COMSOUTH was upgraded to the two-star rank of Rear Admiral and was re-designated Flag Officer Commanding Southern Naval Area (FOCSOUTH).[5] This appointment was later upgraded, in October 1977, to the three star rank of Vice Admiral and re-designated Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command (FOC-in-C SNC).[6][7] On 1 July 1986, the Southern Naval Command was made the Training Command. All the training establishments were placed under the command as well as the responsibility of formulating and executing of training policy.[8]

Area of responsibility

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The Southern Naval Command and is commanded by the Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief. The Southern Naval Command is the Training Command of Indian Navy and is responsible for the training of all its personnel, both officers as well as sailors, from basic to advance stages. It has subsidiary units from Jamnagar in Gujarat to Lonavala in Maharashtra, Goa and in Orissa but the majority of training units are in Kochi. The Indian Naval Academy is also placed under the Southern Naval Command.[9]

Kavaratti Islands is the home to INS Dweeprakshak, the main naval base of the Southern Naval Command in the Lakshadweep islands.

Capabilities

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The Southern Naval Command consists of a Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST), the 1st Training Squadron (1TS), training establishments and bases, and land forces and survey ships. It has a naval air station, and a ship repair yard.[10]

Organisation

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The Southern Naval Command is organised as follows:[11]

Post Current Holder References
Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Vice Admiral Sameer Saxena, AVSM, NM [12]
Chief of Staff Rear Admiral Upal Kundu [13]
Commandant of Indian Naval Academy Vice Admiral Manish Chadha, AVSM, VSM [14]
Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST) Rear Admiral Srinivas Maddula [15]
Commandant Naval War College, Goa Rear Admiral Arjun Dev Nair, VSM [16]
Admiral Superintendent Yards (ASY) - Kochi Rear Admiral Sanjay Sharma [17]
Chief Staff Officer (Training) Rear Admiral Deepak Singhal [18]
[edit]
Ships of the 1st Training Squadron

Naval bases under Southern Naval Command are the following[19]

Base City State/Territory Role
INS Dweeprakshak Kavaratti Lakshwadweep Logistics and Maintenance support
INS Minicoy[20] Minicoy Forward Operating Base
INS Androth (Under construction) Androth Forward Operating Base and Radar station
INS Garuda Kochi Kerala Naval Air Station
INHS Sanjivani Naval Hospital
INS Venduruthy Logistics and Administrative support
INS Dronacharya Naval Weapons Training
INS Chilka Chilka Odisha Naval Training
INHS Nivarini Naval Hospital
INS Mandovi Panaji Goa Naval Training
INS Hamla Mumbai Maharashtra Combined Operations Training
INS Shivaji Lonavala Technical Training
INHS Kasturi Naval Hospital
INS Valsura Jamnagar Gujarat Electric Equipment Training
INS Rajali Arakkonam Tamil Nadu Naval Air Base
INS Agrani Coimbatore Leadership Training
INS Zamorin Ezhimala Kerala Logistics and Maintenance support to Indian Naval Academy
INS Satavahana Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh Submarine Warfare Training

List of Commanders

[edit]
S.No Name Assumed office Left office Notes References
Commodore-in-Charge Cochin (COMCHIN)
1 Commodore M. H. St. L. Nott DSO, OBE August 1947 March 1948 Formerly Royal Indian Navy. Killed in an air accident at Corsica 27 March 1948. [21]
2 Commodore Henry Bramhall Ellison March 1948 July 1950 Seconded from the Royal Navy [22]
3 Commodore Eric G. McGregor DSO July 1950 November 1952 Seconded from the Royal Navy [22]
4 Commodore A. D. H. Jay DSO, DSC November 1952 January 1954 Seconded from the Royal Navy [23]
5 Commodore Bhaskar Sadashiv Soman January 1954 October 1956 Later Chief of the Naval Staff [24]
6 Commodore Sadashiv Ganesh Karmarkar MBE 1 May 1957 April 1960 [25][26]
7 Commodore Reginald Sherring David April 1960 June 1962 [27]
8 Commodore G. S. Kapoor June 1962 December 1965 [28]
9 Commodore J. D. Mody December 1965 January 1968 [29]
10 Commodore Inder Singh January 1968 February 1968
Commodore Commanding Southern Naval Area (COMSOUTH)
1 Commodore Inder Singh March 1968 November 1970 [30]
Flag Officer Commanding Southern Naval Area (FOCSOUTH)
1 Rear Admiral V. A. Kamath PVSM November 1970 March 1973 [5][31]
2 Rear Admiral Elenjikal Chandy Kuruvila PVSM, AVSM March 1973 October 1973 [32]
3 Rear Admiral S. H. Sarma PVSM October 1973 January 1975 [33]
4 Rear Admiral Ronald Lynsdale Pereira AVSM January 1975 16 April 1976 Later Chief of the Naval Staff. [34][35]
5 Rear Admiral V. E. C. Barboza AVSM* 16 April 1976 26 October 1977 [35][6]
Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Naval Command (FOC-in-C SNC)
1 Vice Admiral V. E. C. Barboza AVSM* 26 October 1977 3 March 1979 [6][36]
2 Vice Admiral Oscar Stanley Dawson PVSM, AVSM 30 March 1979 26 February 1982 Later Chief of the Naval Staff. [37]
3 Vice Admiral Radhakrishna Hariram Tahiliani AVSM 26 February 1982 30 March 1983 Later Chief of the Naval Staff. [38]
4 Vice Admiral K. K. Nayyar AVSM 30 March 1983 28 November 1984 Later Vice-Chief of the Naval Staff. [39]
5 Vice Admiral G. M. Hiranandani PVSM, AVSM, NM 28 November 1984 30 November 1987 Later Vice-Chief of the Naval Staff [40]
6 Vice Admiral Laxminarayan Ramdas PVSM, AVSM, VrC, VSM 30 November 1987 25 February 1989 Later Chief of the Naval Staff [40][41]
7 Vice Admiral R. P. Sawhney PVSM 25 February 1989 30 September 1990 [41]
8 Vice Admiral Suren P. Govil PVSM, AVSM 1 October 1990 30 December 1990 [42][43]
9 Vice Admiral KASZ Raju PVSM, AVSM, NM 30 December 1990 29 August 1992 [44]
10 Vice Admiral S. K. Chand PVSM, AVSM 29 August 1992 14 October 1993 Later Vice-Chief of the Naval Staff [45][46]
11 Vice Admiral Inderjit Bedi PVSM, AVSM 17 October 1993 30 April 1996 [47][48]
12 Vice Admiral A. R. Tandon AVSM 30 April 1996 23 October 1996 [48]
13 Vice Admiral Madhvendra Singh AVSM, NM 23 October 1996 31 March 1998 Later Chief of the Naval Staff [49]
14 Vice Admiral Sushil Kumar PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, NM 31 March 1998 30 December 1998 Later Chief of the Naval Staff [50]
15 Vice Admiral R. N. Ganesh PVSM, AVSM, NM 8 March 1999 March 2001 [51]
16 Vice Admiral Harinder Singh PVSM, AVSM March 2001 May 2002 [52][53]
17 Vice Admiral Madanjit Singh AVSM 31 May 2002 1 October 2003 [54]
18 Vice Admiral Yashwant Prasad PVSM, AVSM, NM 15 October 2003 1 August 2004 [55]
19 Vice Admiral S. C. S. Bangara PVSM, AVSM 1 August 2004 31 July 2006 [56]
20 Vice Admiral Jagjit Singh Bedi PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM 31 July 2006 28 July 2007 [57]
21 Vice Admiral Sunil Kumar Damle PVSM, AVSM, NM, VSM 28 July 2007 31 August 2009
22 Vice Admiral K. N. Sushil PVSM, AVSM, NM 1 September 2009 31 May 2012
23 Vice Admiral Satish Soni PVSM, AVSM, NM 31 May 2012 2014 Later served as FOC-in-C of the Eastern Naval Command
24 Vice Admiral Surinder Pal Singh Cheema PVSM, AVSM, NM 2014 2015 Later served as FOC-in-C of the Western Naval Command [58][59]
25 Vice Admiral Sunil Lanba AVSM 1 February 2016 31 May 2016 Later served as Chief of Naval Staff and as Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee [60]
26 Vice Admiral Girish Luthra AVSM, VSM 1 June 2016 29 May 2016 Later served as FOC-in-C of the Western Naval Command [61][62]
27 Vice Admiral AR Karve PVSM, AVSM 29 May 2016 30 July 2018 [63]
28 Vice Admiral Anil Kumar Chawla PVSM, AVSM, NM, VSM 30 July 2018 30 November 2021
29 Vice Admiral M A Hampiholi PVSM, AVSM, NM 30 November 2021 31 December 2023 [64]
30 Vice Admiral Vennam Srinivas AVSM, NM 1 January 2024 31 October 2025 [65]
31 Vice Admiral Sameer Saxena AVSM, NM 1 November 2025 Present [66]

See also

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References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Southern Naval Command

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from Grokipedia
The Southern Naval Command (SNC) is the training command of the , headquartered in , , and responsible for organizing, conducting, and overseeing all basic, professional, and specialist training activities for naval officers and sailors across the country. It serves as one of the three primary commands of the , alongside the Western and Eastern Naval Commands, each led by a designated as the Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C). The command oversees 33 dedicated training establishments spread throughout , ensuring the and operational readiness of the naval force. As the Navy's dedicated training hub, SNC plays a pivotal role in shaping the skills and expertise required for maritime operations, including , gunnery, , and leadership . Its facilities, such as —the premier seamen establishment—and others like for gunnery and INS Satavahana for submarine , form the backbone of the Navy's human resource development. The command also coordinates international collaborations and augmentations to modern infrastructure, adapting to evolving technological and strategic needs in the region. Currently, Sameer , AVSM, NM, serves as the FOC-in-C of SNC, having assumed charge on 31 October 2025; a and direction specialist, he brings extensive experience from prior commands including INS and leadership roles in naval operations. Under his stewardship, the command continues to emphasize innovation in training methodologies, such as simulator-based exercises and joint drills, to enhance the Indian Navy's combat effectiveness and interoperability with allied forces. Beyond training, SNC contributes to regional maritime security through humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, and environmental initiatives, exemplified by its support during natural calamities in southern .

Background and Establishment

Formation and Inception

The Southern Naval Command originated as the Southern Naval Area, marking the Indian Navy's first major decentralization of operational authority beyond its primary base in Bombay (now ). On 1 March 1968, the Commodore Cochin (COMCHIN) was re-designated as Commodore Commanding Southern Naval Area (COMSOUTH). This expansion was necessitated by escalating maritime threats in the post-1965 Indo-Pakistani War era, including Pakistani naval activities in the and the need for enhanced surveillance and response capabilities along India's southern coastline and the approaches. The creation allowed for more effective management of naval assets in the region, reducing reliance on the centralized Western Fleet and enabling quicker reactions to potential aggressions. In August 1970, the role of Commander Southern Naval Area (COMSOUTH) was elevated to a two-star position and redesignated as Flag Officer Commanding Southern Naval Area (FOCSOUTH), with headquarters established at to capitalize on its deep-water harbor and proximity to key sea lanes. In October 1977, the command was further upgraded to the three-star rank of and re-designated as Commanding-in-Chief, Southern Naval Command. V. A. Kamath assumed charge as the inaugural FOCSOUTH in November 1970, overseeing the initial integration of ships, aircraft, and personnel into the new structure. Under his leadership, the command coordinated defensive deployments during the lead-up to the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War, including the positioning of warships for coastal protection and support to the main fleet. The nascent command encountered early administrative and logistical hurdles in , such as constructing dedicated facilities at , procuring equipment for operational readiness, and establishing communication links with naval headquarters in . These challenges were compounded by the need to train a dedicated cadre amid limited resources, yet the setup proved vital for southern , evolving rapidly to support training functions that persist today.

Headquarters and Administration

The headquarters of the Southern Naval Command is located at INS Venduruthy on Willingdon Island in , , serving as the primary nerve center for the command's operations. This facility houses the main command offices and coordinates the overall functioning of the training command, supporting approximately 73 units with logistics and administrative services. Established as the administrative hub, provides essential support infrastructure, including communication centers that facilitate secure naval communications and coordination with other commands, as well as accommodation for married and single personnel. The administrative framework of the Southern Naval Command encompasses key divisions focused on personnel management, , and oversight. Personnel management handles , welfare, and accommodation needs for officers and sailors to ensure operational readiness. The logistics division manages supply chains, maintenance, and through efficient provisioning and digital systems to minimize waste and enhance . Training oversight ensures standardized professional development across naval establishments, aligning with the command's role as the Navy's primary training authority. The Southern Naval Command integrates seamlessly with the Indian Navy's broader administrative policies, adhering to uniform rank structures from admiral to seaman and direct reporting lines to the Naval Headquarters in . The Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), a , oversees these functions and reports to the Chief of the Naval Staff for policy implementation and strategic alignment. This structure maintains consistency in discipline, procurement, and operational protocols across all commands.

Historical Evolution

Early Development

The Southern Naval Command was established on 1 July 1986 as the Indian Navy's dedicated Training Command, headquartered at in , integrating existing training facilities to centralize professional development for officers and sailors. This formation addressed the Navy's growing needs for specialized training amid fleet modernization, including adaptations for advanced assets like Kilo-class submarines acquired in the , with personnel training conducted at facilities such as . In its early years, SNC focused on overcoming logistical challenges inherent to its southern location, including extended supply lines for fuel, spares, and maintenance from northern bases. These issues, compounded by budget constraints, affected operations in expansive areas like . To mitigate dependencies, the command invested incrementally in local dockyards, storage, and support infrastructure. Facilities like , a gunnery and warfare center commissioned in 1978, came under SNC's oversight, supporting for Soviet Nanuchka-class and other -equipped vessels. Despite these hurdles, SNC's emphasis on self-reliant contributed to the Navy's modernization and enhanced regional deterrence.

Key Events and Expansions

In the 1990s, the Southern Naval Command participated in broader reforms emphasizing tri-service integration and enhanced roles in securing the region, including early preparations for anti-piracy operations amid rising maritime threats. These efforts aligned with India's shift toward a , incorporating joint exercises with the and to improve in southern waters. The command played a pivotal role in the Indian Navy's humanitarian response to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, deploying ships and aircraft from Kochi to deliver aid, medical supplies, and rescue support to affected areas in Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Indonesia as part of Operation Sea Waves. This operation marked one of the Navy's largest humanitarian missions, with Southern Command assets coordinating logistics and evacuations from its base, contributing to the delivery of over 1,000 tons of relief material. During the , the Southern Naval Command expanded its aviation training capabilities with enhanced helicopter squadrons at , the premier naval air station in , supporting and training following the 1999 transfer of the Naval Helicopter Training School. These developments bolstered the command's training mandate and operational readiness in the . As of November 2024, the Southern Naval Command has provided training support for indigenous platforms like , which achieved full operational clearance after trials and joined the . This includes personnel development for carrier operations, enhancing regional surveillance amid escalating tensions in collaboration with tri-service partners.

Operational Mandate

Area of Responsibility

The Southern Naval Command (SNC), as the command of the , is responsible for organizing, conducting, and overseeing all basic, professional, and specialist activities for naval officers and sailors across the country. Headquartered in , , it oversees 33 dedicated training establishments spread throughout , ensuring the professional development and operational readiness of the naval force. Historically established in 1971 with operational responsibilities over southern maritime areas, SNC was redesignated as the training command on 1 July 1986, with all training establishments placed under its purview. Its "area of responsibility" shifted to nationwide training coordination, while operational maritime domains—such as the (under ), (under ), and (under )—are handled by the respective operational commands. The 2001 creation of the further refined these delineations, removing any residual eastern responsibilities from SNC. In support of broader naval operations, SNC maintains facilities in southern , including bases in , , and , and coordinates with other commands for in regional contexts, such as local defense of islands. For joint operations, SNC provides trained personnel and collaborates on exercises to ensure seamless integration across commands.

Strategic Objectives

The Southern Naval Command (SNC) advances 's objectives by preparing naval personnel for key operational roles through comprehensive programs. Its primary missions focus on developing expertise in , gunnery, (ASW), leadership, and other skills essential for safeguarding (SLOCs), conducting ASW operations, and participating in humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) in southern waters and beyond. These efforts support the in addressing traditional threats like naval incursions and non-traditional challenges such as , , and illegal fishing, which affect vital trade routes carrying over 90% of 's external trade. Aligned with India's SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) policy, launched in , SNC contributes to regional stability by conducting training collaborations, capacity-building programs, and simulations that prepare forces for joint exercises and in the Region (IOR). This includes participation in forums like the (IONS) through trained personnel and support for multilateral anti-piracy and HADR missions. By enhancing skills for countering and trafficking, SNC bolsters the Navy's ability to secure energy imports, which constitute 80% of India's crude oil needs via sea routes. In the 2020s, SNC has emphasized training innovations to support cooperation under frameworks like the (QUAD) and exercises such as Malabar, focusing on simulator-based ASW, , and . This aligns with India's aspirations, emphasizing and HADR readiness, as seen in the Navy's response to the under Operation Madad, where SNC-trained personnel played key roles. These priorities position SNC as a vital enabler of a multi-dimensional naval force capable of addressing hybrid threats and advancing India's strategic interests in the .

Organizational Structure

Command Hierarchy

The Southern Naval Command (SNC) is led by the Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C), a who serves as the apex authority responsible for overall command, training oversight, and strategic execution within the command's area of responsibility. As of October 31, 2025, Sameer Saxena, AVSM, NM, holds this position. The FOC-in-C is supported by a , typically a , who manages administrative coordination, internal operations, and liaison functions to ensure seamless implementation of directives. Beneath this level, Principal Staff Officers (PSOs)—usually —handle specialized domains, including operations, personnel, and ; for instance, the Chief Staff Officer (Personnel & Administration) oversees and welfare protocols. The command reports directly to the Chief of the Naval Staff at Naval Headquarters in , facilitating centralized policy alignment and resource allocation. Additionally, the SNC coordinates with the Southern Command of the and the Southern Air Command of the through joint exercises and multi-domain planning to enhance tri-service . Decision-making within the SNC follows a structured protocol where the FOC-in-C issues operational directives based on inputs from PSOs and the , emphasizing contingency planning for scenarios such as mobilizations and regional patrols. This hierarchy ensures efficient delegation while maintaining accountability to higher naval authority.

Subordinate Units

The Southern Naval Command (SNC) encompasses a range of subordinate units dedicated to enhancing operational capabilities through specialized and readiness exercises. These units emphasize for naval personnel, focusing on core functions such as operations, weapons handling, and simulations. As the Indian Navy's primary training command, SNC's structure integrates these elements to ensure seamless preparation for diverse maritime roles. Key subordinate units include the Southern Naval Air Stations, exemplified by , which functions as the central hub for training. It houses the Observer School for pilot and observer instruction, the School for Naval Airmen for technical proficiency, and squadrons like INAS 342 (Flying Sentinels), responsible for operations in and training. These air units conduct exercises in and , contributing to the command's emphasis on aerial domain awareness. Additionally, the 1st Training Squadron (1TS) serves as a critical group, providing practical sea training to officers and sailors through deployments that simulate missions, fleet maneuvers, and international cooperation. The squadron includes dedicated vessels for hands-on instruction in , , and basic operational tactics. Specialized commands under SNC further bolster targeted expertise. INS Dronacharya operates as the premier gunnery and missile warfare training establishment, designated as the Centre of Excellence since 2004, where personnel undergo instruction in weapons systems, fire control, and tactical engagements. squadrons receive specialized preparation here, focusing on integration of missile capabilities into naval operations. detachments, representing the Indian Navy's marine commando force, maintain a presence for advanced training in , including amphibious assaults and rapid response scenarios, ensuring readiness for high-intensity missions. These detachments participate in joint drills that enhance counter-terrorism and hostage rescue proficiency. SNC's subordinate units also facilitate tri-service integration through established liaisons. The Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST) coordinates operational readiness for both and assets, conducting joint sea training for ships and submarines to foster interoperability in patrol and response operations. extends its curriculum to personnel, covering gunnery and maritime security tactics. Liaison with bases occurs via collaborative aviation exercises and tri-service initiatives, such as joint carrier operations and reconnaissance simulations, promoting coordinated aerial-maritime support. Collectively, these units prioritize roles in comprehensive training, maritime reconnaissance, and the development of rapid response teams to maintain SNC's strategic edge.

Capabilities and Assets

The Southern Naval Command's surface fleet primarily consists of patrol vessels and support ships suited for coastal defense, training, and maritime surveillance in its area of responsibility. Key assets include Sukanya-class offshore patrol vessels, such as INS Sujata (P56), which is equipped with a 76 mm super rapid gun, two 30 mm CRN 91 naval guns, and Igla surface-to-air missiles for multi-role operations including and escort duties. INS Sujata, part of the First Training Squadron based at , supports operational deployments and cadet training while maintaining patrol capabilities in the southern . Complementing these are Car Nicobar-class fast attack crafts like INS Kalpeni (T75), designed for high-speed interception, , and anti-piracy missions, armed with a 30 mm Bushmaster II gun and two 7.62 mm machine guns, achieving speeds exceeding 35 knots. These vessels enhance the command's deployable assets for low-intensity maritime threats. The command also operates specialized survey vessels as part of its surface fleet, with INS Ikshak (J24), the third Sandhayak-class large survey vessel, commissioned on November 6, 2025, at . This indigenous platform, displacing 3,400 tons and featuring over 80% local content, is fitted with multibeam hydrographic sonars, remotely operated vehicles, and side-scan sonars for deep-water mapping and seabed surveys up to 7,000 meters. INS Ikshak supports naval operations by providing critical oceanographic data for and mine countermeasures. Another example is INS Sarvekshak (J22), a Sandhayak-class vessel equipped with and advanced echo sounders for coastal and offshore surveys. Submarine assets under the command's purview include logistical and operational support for Kalvari-class (Scorpène) diesel-electric attack , which conduct patrols and exercises in southern waters from nearby bases. These , such as INS Kalvari (S21), are armed with six 533 mm torpedo tubes capable of launching heavyweight torpedoes, including the Black Shark, with integration ongoing as of 2025, and SM-39 anti-ship missiles, with advanced sonar suites like the DRDO-developed bow sonar for stealthy ASW roles. The command facilitates maintenance and deployment coordination for these vessels to ensure regional maritime security. Aviation assets are centered at , hosting INAS 334 "Seahawks," the Indian Navy's first MH-60R multi-role helicopter squadron commissioned on March 6, 2024. These 24 U.S.-sourced helicopters, operational by 2025, are equipped with AN/AQS-22 airborne low-frequency sonar, sonobuoys, air-to-surface missiles, and Mk 54 lightweight torpedoes for anti-submarine and , with a range of over 800 km. The squadron supports deployable operations from patrol vessels and provides surveillance over the command's vast area. Weapon systems across the command's assets emphasize indigenous integrations for ASW and surface engagement. Patrol vessels and helicopters feature DRDO-developed heavyweight torpedoes (for submarines) and TAL Shyena lightweight torpedoes, alongside HUMSA-NG hull-mounted sonars for detection ranges up to 50 km. Survey vessels incorporate DRDO sonars for non-combat , while aviation assets integrate APS-153 multi-mode radars. supersonic cruise missiles, with a 290-600 km range, are supported in joint operations with larger fleet units transiting the area. As of 2025, modernization efforts focus on indigenous acquisitions, with over 90% local content in new builds like Project 17A (Nilgiri-class) frigates, such as INS Nilgiri commissioned in January 2025, featuring stealth design, , and Barak-8 missiles for potential southern deployments. The command's survey fleet, including INS Ikshak, exemplifies this shift, reducing reliance on foreign systems and enhancing self-reliance in equipment like indigenous sonars and propulsion.

Infrastructure and Support Systems

The Southern Naval Command (SNC) maintains essential repair and refit facilities to ensure the operational readiness of its naval assets, with the Naval Ship Repair Yard (NSRY) in serving as the primary hub for dry-docking, overhauls, and maintenance activities. Established in 1971 as a Base Repair Organisation, NSRY has evolved into a key refit yard capable of handling comprehensive ship repairs, including full refits for patrol and supply vessels, as well as routine maintenance for up to 40 ships annually. In 2024, the Chief of the Naval Staff inaugurated a new Yard Utility Complex at NSRY, enhancing technical infrastructure for efficient repair processes and supporting efforts in . These facilities enable mid-life upgrades and emergency repairs, minimizing downtime for vessels operating in the command's . Communication networks under SNC integrate advanced and systems to facilitate real-time coordination across maritime operations. The command leverages the multi-band communication satellite, launched in 2013, which provides secure, high-bandwidth connectivity for voice, data, and video links between ships, submarines, and shore-based units, enabling seamless in the region. Complementing this, coastal networks, including state-of-the-art Doppler weather radars installed in , support surveillance and environmental monitoring for operational safety. Additionally, the Very Low Frequency (VLF) station at INS Kattabomman near ensures reliable, long-range communication with submerged submarines, forming a critical backbone for strategic deterrence and tactical responsiveness. Training infrastructure at SNC emphasizes advanced simulators and research centers to bolster crew readiness and skill development. The Integrated Simulator Complex (ISC) 'Dhruv', inaugurated in June 2023 at , houses indigenously developed state-of-the-art simulators for ship handling, , , and bridge operations, significantly enhancing practical training for officers and sailors. This facility integrates and technologies to replicate complex maritime scenarios, reducing reliance on live-sea exercises while improving safety and efficiency. Adjacent R&D efforts are supported by the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL) in , a DRDO establishment focused on , systems, and oceanographic research, which collaborates with SNC to develop indigenous technologies for naval training and operational simulations. Sustainability measures within SNC incorporate green energy initiatives and optimized to align with national environmental goals as of 2025. plants, such as the one inducted at the Naval Armament Inspectorate in , harness to meet operational demands, reducing carbon emissions and dependency across command facilities. programs, including mitigation and coastal clean-up drives, promote eco-friendly practices, with SNC leading initiatives like the 2023 activities focused on segregation and . emphasize resilient, low-impact sourcing, incorporating biofuels and efficient to support blue-water operations while minimizing ecological footprints, in line with the Indian Navy's broader commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070.

Bases and Facilities

Primary Naval Bases

, located on in , , serves as the primary administrative and training hub for the Southern Naval Command. As the of the command, it oversees the training of all personnel, including officers and sailors, across basic to advanced stages. Other key primary facilities under SNC include the (INA) at Ezhimala, , which provides initial training for officer cadets; in for gunnery and weapons training; and INS Varuna in for hydrographic surveys and training. These establishments form the core of SNC's training infrastructure.

Auxiliary Installations

The auxiliary installations of the Southern Naval Command extend its operational reach beyond primary bases, supporting , , and forward deployment in the southern maritime domain. Key among these are facilities in the archipelago, which play a vital role in monitoring India's (EEZ) spanning over 400,000 square kilometers. INS Dweeprakshak, located on Island and commissioned in 2012, serves as a and hub, enabling sustained naval presence and EEZ operations in the . Complementing this, INS Jatayu on Island, commissioned in March 2024, functions as a forward base with radar, jetties, and planned airfield infrastructure to bolster anti-piracy efforts, search-and-rescue missions, and regional near critical sea lanes. In and , dispersed radar and communication stations contribute to , integrating with the national Coastal Surveillance Network to track vessels and detect threats along the approximately 1,600-kilometer coastline under the command's purview. Amid the heightened strategic focus in the 2020s, recent enhancements include upgraded fuel and depots at outposts, supporting extended deployments without relying on mainland infrastructure. These include plans for missile deployment at as part of expansion efforts.

Leadership and Command

Role of the Flag Officer

The Flag Officer Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C) of the Southern Naval Command is the senior-most naval officer tasked with overseeing training activities and related administrative functions within the command's jurisdiction. As the head of India's primary training command, the FOC-in-C ensures the training and professional development of naval personnel, coordinates training-related joint exercises, and supports operational readiness through human resource development. The officer also represents the Indian Navy in tri-service forums, such as integrated defense committees, and provides policy advice to the Chief of the Naval Staff and the Ministry of Defence on matters pertaining to naval training strategy, resource allocation, and capability development. The authority of the FOC-in-C extends to administrative and training oversight of subordinate units, covering the area of responsibility south of the Indian peninsula, including the and Islands in the . This includes directing training deployments and support for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief in the region. In addition, the FOC-in-C performs ceremonial duties, such as presiding over naval reviews and participating in state-level events in , reflecting the command's location in . The selection process for the FOC-in-C involves appointment by the , typically from a pool of experienced Vice Admirals who have commanded major warships or squadrons at sea and held senior staff roles, such as Principal Staff Officers or Flag Officers in operational commands. Appointments are announced through official notifications and are based on merit, performance evaluations, and strategic needs of the Navy. The role of the FOC-in-C has evolved since the Southern Naval Command's inception, with its predecessor the Flag Officer Commanding Southern Naval Area established in 1970 and upgraded to full command status in 1977. By the early , amid India's increasing emphasis on in the , the position incorporated broader responsibilities, including oversight of advanced training doctrine development, international collaborations, and integration of new technologies for regional deterrence and .

List of Commanders-in-Chief

The Commanding-in-Chief (FOC-in-C) of the Southern Naval Command is a three-star rank appointment held by a , responsible for overseeing training, operations support, and administration across the command's area of responsibility in the southern . The command was established in as a full command, upgrading from the Commanding Southern Naval Area formed in 1970, with the first FOC-in-C being V. E. C. Barboza, who served from 1977 to 1979. Since then, the position has been held by approximately 30 officers as of 2025, with tenures typically lasting 2-3 years to ensure rotational leadership and fresh perspectives in naval training and . The following table enumerates the Commanders-in-Chief from the establishment of the command, with emphasis on post-2020 appointments to update historical records. Key notes include tenure dates, prior commands, and major achievements, such as operational responses and contributions to naval development. Earlier tenures reflect the command's from a training-focused area to a full entity, while recent leaders have prioritized joint exercises, infrastructure enhancement, and readiness.
No.NameTenurePrior CommandsMajor Achievements
1 V. E. C. Barboza26 October 1977 – 3 March 1979N/AFirst FOC-in-C after upgrade to full command status.
...(Interim officers and early leaders focused on base development at ; full historical enumeration available in official naval archives).........
27 Anil Kumar Chawla, AVSM, NM30 July 2018 – 30 November 2021Flag Officer Commanding, Eastern FleetOversaw integrations and international collaborations during his tenure.
28 M. A. Hampiholi, PVSM, AVSM, NM30 November 2021 – 31 December 2023Chief of Staff, Oversaw expansion of facilities and joint multinational exercises like 2022; enhanced infrastructure for and amid post-pandemic recovery.
29 V. Srinivas, AVSM, NM1 2024 – 31 October 2025 Commanding, Western FleetDirected operations for humanitarian assistance and anti-piracy patrols; promoted integration of emerging technologies in naval , including drone and cyber defense programs.
30 Sameer , AVSM, NM31 October 2025 – present of Naval OperationsAssumed leadership focusing on operational readiness and international collaborations; prior experience in and direction supports enhanced for the fleet.
Notable historical contributions include S. C. S. Bangara's (tenure 2004–2006) leadership in the Indian Navy's rapid response to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, where Southern Naval Command assets delivered aid, rescued survivors, and supported reconstruction efforts across affected coastal regions, aiding over 1,300 people through ships like INS Magar. Statistical overview: The average tenure length for FOC-in-C SNC since 1977 is approximately 2 years, based on rotational policies to balance experience with career progression across naval commands. Promotion trends indicate a strong pathway to higher roles, with several former incumbents advancing to Vice Chief of the Naval Staff or Chief of the Naval Staff; examples include Admiral (FOC-in-C SNC 2016, later CNS 2016–2019), highlighting the command's role as a key stepping stone for top naval leadership.

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