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Sign thanking visitors for using a highway in New Jersey
Hand-made sign thanking emergency workers for their hurricane response in Elizabeth City, North Carolina

Thank you, (often expanded to thank you very much or thanks a lot, or informally abbreviated to thanks or alternately as many thanks[1]) is a common expression of gratitude in the English language. The term itself originated as a shortened form of the expression "I thank you". Children in certain Western cultures are taught early on to say please and thank you reflexively, and the phrase itself has taken on a variety of nuances based on intonation, and can have various generally positive social effects.

Learning to use the term

[edit]

Use of the phrase indicates politeness,[2] and in certain Western cultures, "parents put a lot of effort into teaching their children to be polite, to say 'thank you' or 'please' for every single favor done by anyone",[3] though the practice of quizzing children on what they should say has been criticized as framing the question in a negative context of the child being forgetful, and that the parent should merely remind the child to "Say please and thank you".[4] It has generally been observed that "parents train their kids to say 'thank you' whether they feel thankful or not",[2] and has specifically been noted that withholding food from children in order to elicit politeness "may teach children that the words 'please' and 'thank you' are tokens they must use to get their food rather than genuine expressions of gratitude".[5]

Social function

[edit]

Philosopher David J. Gunkel notes that "[i]t is now common for users to say 'thank you' to their digital assistants and speech dialogue systems (SDS), like Amazon's Echo/Alexa, Google Home, and Apple's Siri".[6] Gunkel notes that this may appear to be superfluous, since the statement neither offers information to the system for processing, nor is capable of being processed by the system and understood as a command, but concludes that it is nevertheless socially important because it recognizes the system as fulfilling a social function.[6]

Use of the phrase by teachers has been observed to elicit better responses in the teaching of children:

We notice that in the classrooms of effective teachers, the phrase "thank you" is uttered often, much more so than in the classrooms of less effective teachers. We also find that in classrooms where teachers use the phrase "thank you" often, students also use the phrase more often than they do in the classrooms of less effective teachers.[7]

In other environs, one study found that regular patrons of a restaurant gave bigger tips when servers wrote "Thank you" on their checks.[8]

As with various other formal phrases, the phrase "Thank you" can be varied in speaking so as to convey many different meanings.[9] For example, "no, thank you" or "no thanks" are often used to indicate politeness while declining an offer.[10] It can also be incorporated into phrases sarcastically or bitterly, as with the phrase, "thanks for nothing".[10] Common responses for "thank you" include "you're welcome", "don't mention it",[1] or, more recently, according to a 2018 HuffPost article, "no problem".[2]

Cultural variations

[edit]

A wide variety of verbal cues for the expression of gratitude exist in different languages. A 2012 Vanity Fair poll indicated that "thank you" was the phrase American travelers abroad, especially in east Asian Nations, felt was most important to learn how to say in the language of the country being visited.[11]

It has been observed that in some versions of African English (specifically in Kenyan English), "thank you" is often used as a traditional response to a departing person saying "goodbye".[12]

Internet abbreviation

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People sometimes say TY, TU (Thank You), THX, THNX, TNX (Thanks), TIA (Thanks From Advanced) and TYSM (Thank You So Much) as a internet chat abbreviation.[13][14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Thank you

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from Grokipedia
"Thank you" is a common English-language expression used to convey for a favor, , or service received, originating around 1400 as a polite contraction of the fuller phrase "I thank you." The term derives from the verb "þancian," meaning "to give thanks" or "to think well of," which itself stems from Proto-Indo-European roots related to "thought" and "feeling," evolving through to signify a favorable or grateful sentiment. In everyday usage, "thank you" functions as a social lubricant, acknowledging reciprocity and reinforcing interpersonal bonds in English-speaking cultures, where it is one of the most uttered phrases, often employed transactionally or ritualistically in interactions ranging from casual exchanges to formal acknowledgments. This expression gained prominence in the 18th and 19th centuries amid rising emphasis on politeness and class etiquette in Britain and America, influenced by that introduced deferential norms. Evolutionarily, verbal like "thank you" promotes cooperation and , mirroring observed in primates such as chimpanzees and capuchin monkeys, where helping behaviors are returned to foster group cohesion. Psychologically, regularly expressing thanks enhances , reduces stress, and encourages further , as supported by studies on gratitude's role in human relationships. Across cultures, equivalents to "thank you" exhibit significant variation in frequency and context, reflecting diverse social norms around obligation and intimacy. In English and Italian, it is used frequently even in informal settings to comply with requests or close conversations, comprising about 14% of such interactions. Conversely, in Hindi-speaking Indian communities, "dhanyavaad" is reserved for exceptional acts or strangers to avoid implying distance in close family ties, often accompanied by gestures like namaste. In Chinese contexts, phrases like "xièxiè" or "xiè tiān" (thank the sky) emphasize communal harmony over individual debt, used sparingly among intimates to prevent formality. Similarly, in small-scale societies like the Cha'palaa of Ecuador or Siwu of Ghana, explicit verbal thanks are rare, with gratitude conveyed through ongoing mutual aid rather than words. These differences underscore how "thank you" and its global parallels adapt to cultural values of independence, interdependence, and social debt.

Etymology and Historical Development

Origins in English

The word "thank" originates from the Old English noun þanc, denoting "thought," "good will," or "gratitude," and the verb þancian, meaning "to give thanks" or "to recompense." This etymological root, traceable to Proto-Germanic thankaz and the Proto-Indo-European tong- ("to think, feel"), underscores gratitude as an act of thoughtful acknowledgment. The phrase "thank you" developed in late Middle English around the 1400s as a polite contraction of "I thank you," directly addressing the recipient to express appreciation in social exchanges. In addition to "I thank you," other fuller historical expressions of gratitude included "I give thanks to you" and imperative forms like "give thanks to," which preserved the original sense of þancian as "to give thanks." The phrase "give thanks" appears frequently in biblical and religious contexts, as exemplified in the King James Bible (Psalm 136:1: "O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever"). During the period, full verbal constructions like "I thank you" predominated in formal correspondence and spoken dialogue, gradually shortening to the "thank you" by the early . This evolution reflected a broader linguistic trend toward succinct formulas, facilitating their use in everyday . Early attestations appear in 15th-century texts, where the phrase begins to function independently as a standalone expression of thanks. In , precursors to the modern are evident in Geoffrey Chaucer's (c. 1387–1400), which features verbal thanks such as "I thank you" in narrative dialogues, signaling the shift from explicit verb usage to more formulaic . For example, in , a character responds gratefully with "I thank you by God and by Saint James!" These instances illustrate the phrase's emerging role in conveying interpersonal gratitude within storytelling. The phrase's widespread adoption accelerated during the English Renaissance (c. 1500–1660), amid a cultural emphasis on courtly manners and refined social conduct. During this Early Modern English period, both "I thank you" and "I give thanks to you" served as full expressions of thanks with similar meanings but varying grammatical structures, before the shortened "thank you" became predominant. This period's focus on civility integrated polite expressions like "thank you" into dramatic works and elite correspondence, establishing it as a conventional marker of politeness in upper-class interactions.

Evolution Across Languages

The expressions of gratitude akin to "thank you" in various languages trace their to ancient linguistic structures emphasizing thought, favor, or ritual acknowledgment. In the Indo-European family, a key precursor is the Proto-Indo-European root *tong-, meaning "to think" or "to feel," which evolved to convey through the idea of thoughtful recompense. This root gave rise to cognates across , including the Old High German verb dancōn ("to thank"), attested from the onward in early medieval texts, leading to the modern German danken and its elliptical form danke for "thanks." Similarly, in , forms like Russian spasibo (originally "God save you") or Polish dziękuję derive from related concepts of favor and thought, connecting to the same Proto-Indo-European lineage. In English, this lineage connects to "thank" via shared Proto-Germanic *þankōjaną, highlighting a conceptual parallel where thanking implies mental recognition of a favor, though detailed English developments are covered elsewhere. In the , expressions of thanks derive from the Latin phrase gratia ago or gratias agere, literally "I give thanks" or "I render grace," rooted in the noun gratia denoting favor or goodwill. This evolved through into medieval forms, with Italian grazie (plural of , "grace") emerging by the 13th century in to signify polite acknowledgment of benevolence. In Spanish, gracias similarly appeared in medieval texts around the same period, as seen in the 12th-13th century , where it functioned as a direct expression of , preserving the Latin sense of reciprocal grace. These developments reflect a divergence from the cognitive emphasis of Germanic roots toward a framework of bestowed favor, influenced by Christian liturgical uses of gratia in medieval . Outside , non-Indo-European examples illustrate distinct paths rooted in cultural s. In Chinese, the character xiè (謝) has ancient origins in , dating to inscriptions around the 13th–11th centuries BCE, where it denoted decline or acknowledgment in ceremonial contexts. The modern Mandarin reduplicated form xièxiè ("thank you") developed as a colloquial expression of in vernacular speech over subsequent centuries, tied to Confucian rites of reciprocity and differing from Western cognitive or favor-based models by emphasizing harmonious social obligation. Colonial expansion in the 18th and 19th centuries further disseminated English-derived thanks into pidgin languages, adapting to contact zones in Asia and Africa. In West African Pidgin English, emerging from British trade along the Guinea Coast during the transatlantic slave era (late 17th to 19th centuries), phrases like "tank yu" directly borrowed "thank you" for commercial and social exchanges, blending with local substrates to form creoles still used today. Similarly, in Chinese Pidgin English around Canton in the 19th century, English expressions including forms of "thank you" influenced hybrid communications during trade interactions, marking a milestone in global linguistic hybridization through imperialism. These adaptations highlight how colonial pidgins repurposed English expressions, often simplifying them for intercultural utility while retaining core gratitude functions. For comparison, in Semitic languages like Arabic, shukran ("thanks") derives from the root sh-k-r meaning "to thank" or "gratitude," with roots in ancient Semitic expressions of appreciation for divine or human favors, independent of Indo-European lineages.

Linguistic Structure and Usage

Forms and Variations in English

The phrase "thank you" functions as a fixed expression in contemporary English, serving as a polite to express without requiring a subject or in most contexts. It originated as a of "I thank you" but has evolved into an independent unit that does not conjugate with tense or person. Common contractions and informal variants include "thanks," a shortened form widely used in both spoken and written English for brevity. In , "ta" serves as a casual equivalent, often employed in everyday among friends or family, deriving from a childish but now standard in colloquial speech. Intensifiers expand the basic phrase to convey stronger appreciation, such as "thank you very much" or "thanks a lot," which emphasize the depth of in formal or emphatic situations. Similarly, "thanks a bunch" adds a playful tone, though it can shift to when tone or context implies irony, as in responding to an unhelpful action. Regional dialects introduce further variations; for instance, in Southern U.S. English, "much obliged" expresses thanks while implying a sense of indebtedness, rooted in older polite conventions still prevalent in informal Southern speech. In written English, particularly digital communication, abbreviations like "thx" for "thanks" and "ty" for "thank you" have become standard since the , driven by the character limits and costs of early messaging. These shortenings maintain the phrase's function but adapt to concise online exchanges, differing from spoken forms that rely on full words for clarity. Non-verbal accompaniments often enhance verbal thanks in English-speaking contexts; in , a subtle nod or brief thumbs-up commonly pairs with "thank you" to reinforce sincerity, especially in casual interactions like service encounters.

Translation and Equivalents in Other Languages

The expression "thank you" translates variably across languages, often reflecting cultural nuances in , with some forms as simple interjections and others as compound phrases implying obligation or rarity. Direct equivalents range from single words rooted in ancient concepts of reward or to more elaborate constructions that convey formality or depth. These translations highlight structural differences, such as agreement in or for emphasis in Chinese, which English lacks. In Indo-European languages, Romance branches favor concise forms derived from Latin gratitude concepts. French "merci" (pronounced /mɛʁ.si/), a simple interjection, originates from Latin mercēs meaning "wages" or "reward," evolving through Old French mercit to denote kindness or pity, similar to English "mercy." Spanish "gracias" (/ˈɡɾaθjas/) and Italian "grazie" (/ˈɡratsje/) both stem from Latin grātiās agere, "to give thanks," emphasizing an action of rendering favor. In Germanic languages, German "danke" (/ˈdaŋkə/), an ellipsis of ich danke dir ("I thank you"), traces to Proto-Germanic *þankōjaną, meaning "to think" or "remember" a good deed. Slavic Russian "spasibo" (/spɐˈsʲibə/) derives from Old East Slavic spasi bogъ, "may God save you," blending religious invocation with thanks. Indo-Aryan Hindi "dhanyavād" (/d̪ʱən.jəˈʋaːd̪/), a formal compound, comes from Sanskrit dhanya-vāda, where dhanya means "blessed" and vāda "speech," implying praiseworthy acknowledgment. Afro-Asiatic languages often draw from Semitic roots emphasizing praise or repayment. Arabic "shukran" (/ʃukˈran/), plural of shukr "thanks," roots in the verb shakara (/ʃakara/), "to thank," from the triconsonantal root sh-k-r denoting gratitude as a response to favor. Hebrew "toda" (/toˈda/), a straightforward term, originates from the verb yadah (/jaˈda/), "to praise" or "confess," encompassing thanksgiving in biblical contexts like offerings. In Niger-Congo Swahili, "asante" (/aˈsante/), borrowed from Omani Arabic aḥsant "well done," lacks the English spectrum of intensity levels, functioning as a neutral interjection without built-in escalation like "thanks a lot." East Asian languages feature idiomatic forms with reduplication or Sino-influences for politeness. Sino-Tibetan Mandarin Chinese "xièxiè" (/ɕjɛ̂.ɕjɛ̌/), a reduplicated verb, derives from xiè "to thank" or "apologize," historically broader in meaning and used informally without formal variants in casual speech. Japonic Japanese "arigatō" (/aɾiɡa̠to̞ː/), often extended to "arigatō gozaimasu" for formality, stems from arigatashi, combining aru "to exist" and katai "difficult," conveying something "rare and precious" as an act of gratitude. Casual variants include Dōmo (どうも, /doːmo/) for a quick "thanks"; Ōkini (おおきに, /oːkini/) in the Kansai dialect; Sankyū (サンキュー, /saŋkjuː/) as slang borrowed from English "thank you"; and Azassu (あざっす, /azassu/) as a slangy "thanks a bunch," often used playfully by young men. Koreanic Korean "gamsahamnida" (/ɡam.sa.ham.ni.da/), the polite form, combines Sino-Korean gamsa "gratitude" with the declarative ending -hamnida, implying "I express thanks" in hierarchical contexts. Other families show unique adaptations, such as Hellenic Greek "efcharistó" (/efxaɾisˈto/), from eucharisteō "to give thanks well," rooted in eu- "good" and charis "grace" or "favor." Romance "obrigado" (/obɾiˈɡadu/, masculine; "obrigada" feminine), gender-marked unlike English, derives from Latin obligātus "bound by ," expressing indebtedness. Translating "thank you" poses challenges due to these structural variances; for instance, Swahili's "asante" cannot directly convey English's graduated without additions like sana "very," while Japanese's elaborate form implies relational absent in simpler Indo-European equivalents.

Social and Psychological Dimensions

Role in Gratitude and Politeness

The expression "thank you" plays a central role in conveying , which behavioral links to positive reinforcement mechanisms that enhance emotional . When individuals express or receive through phrases like "thank you," it activates reward pathways in the , leading to increased release associated with and . Research from the 2010s, including studies on journaling practices, has demonstrated that regular expressions of thanks trigger these neurochemical responses, reinforcing prosocial behaviors and reducing stress over time. In the framework of , "thank you" operates as a positive politeness strategy to foster social harmony. As outlined by Brown and Levinson (1987), positive politeness strategies, such as expressing appreciation, address the hearer's positive face—the desire for approval and connection—by building and softening potential face-threatening acts, like requests or impositions, in everyday interactions. This verbal acknowledgment not only validates the other's contribution but also promotes mutual , making "thank you" a key tool for maintaining polite discourse across diverse social contexts. From an evolutionary standpoint, gratitude expressions like "thank you" likely emerged as adaptations to support reciprocity, enabling cooperation and resource sharing in early human groups. Anthropological studies of hunter-gatherer societies reveal that reciprocal exchanges formed the basis of social alliances, with gratitude signaling willingness to return favors and thus sustaining group survival. Key evolutionary theories, such as Trivers' reciprocal altruism model (1971), underscore how these expressions evolved to motivate ongoing mutual aid, preventing exploitation and strengthening communal ties. Empirical research further highlights the role of frequent "thank you" usage in bolstering social connections. A 2019 study published by the Greater Good Science Center found that expressing thanks in group settings not only enhances individual relationships but also promotes collective cohesion by inspiring reciprocal prosocial actions among participants. This aligns with broader findings, such as those from the Harvard Study of Adult Development's updates around 2018, which emphasize how relational practices rooted in appreciation contribute to enduring social bonds and overall .

Effects on Interpersonal Dynamics

Expressing through phrases like "thank you" has been shown to enhance in social and group settings. In a seminal experimental study, researchers found that fundraisers who received a personalized thank-you note from a exhibited significantly higher , making 50% more calls in the following week compared to those who did not receive such recognition. This effect extends to broader group tasks, where meta-analytic indicates that gratitude expressions generally promote prosocial actions with a moderate (d = 0.41), fostering reciprocity and collective goal pursuit without relying on external incentives. In family dynamics, consistent expressions of thanks play a key role in mitigating resentment and strengthening relational bonds. Longitudinal analyses of household interactions reveal that higher levels of perceived gratitude between partners correlate with reduced feelings of resentment, particularly when divisions of labor are uneven, as explicit thanks acknowledges contributions and balances emotional loads. Similarly, in parent-child relationships, studies show that parental gratitude expressions decrease negative emotions like resentment while promoting overall family functioning and individual mental health, with daily practices leading to measurable improvements in relational satisfaction over time. The use of "thank you" in aids by softening confrontations and rebuilding trust, often integrated into apologies or negotiations. Experimental research demonstrates that combining expressions with apologies reduces perceived face threats during disputes, increasing willingness to and maintain positive interactions. In diplomatic contexts, post-World War II relations exemplify this, as German expressions of toward American liberators—framed as collective "thank yous" in official rhetoric—facilitated reconciliation and long-term alliance-building, helping to resolve lingering resentments from wartime occupation. In workplace settings, leaders' use of "thank you" directly influences employee retention by boosting engagement and loyalty. Gallup research indicates that regular recognition, including simple verbal thanks, makes employees feel valued and appreciated; for instance, employees who do not receive recognition are twice as likely to say they plan to quit in the next year. This low-cost practice, when consistent from supervisors, enhances interpersonal dynamics by signaling respect and encouragement, leading to sustained productivity and lower attrition rates.

Cultural and Global Perspectives

Variations in Western Societies

In the , expressions of "thank you" occur with notably high frequency in service encounters, particularly within industries like and retail, where they serve as ritualized markers to acknowledge minor assistance and facilitate smooth interactions. This usage is reinforced by tipping norms in settings, which position gratuities as expected acknowledgments of service alongside verbal thanks. Such practices underscore a cultural emphasis on overt positivity in public exchanges, often perceived by outsiders as effusive compared to more restrained Western norms. In Britain, "thank you" is employed more frequently than in American contexts, with Britons saying it on about one in seven possible occasions according to a 2018 study, though informal alternatives like "" are frequently used in everyday situations such as receiving change or departing a , reflecting a preference for understated acknowledgment in casual settings. Scandinavian societies, such as and , exhibit frequent thanking in routine interactions. In , for instance, "tack" is used extensively, encompassing both "thanks" and "," as people thank each other a lot, aligning with cultural values of equality and non-intrusiveness that prioritize explicit verbal reinforcement of mutual respect. Similar patterns hold in , where "tak" is used in service contexts to sustain harmonious social dynamics. Southern European cultures, exemplified by , favor more expressive forms of , with phrases like "grazie mille" (literally "thanks a thousand") amplifying thanks in interpersonal exchanges tied to longstanding Mediterranean traditions that value effusive warmth and relational bonding. This emphasis on intensified verbal appreciation, often in familial or communal settings, contrasts with Northern European reserve while fostering a sense of generous reciprocity in daily life.

Variations in Non-Western Societies

In Asian societies, particularly , expressions of thanks are deeply intertwined with collectivist values and social hierarchy. The term "arigatou" serves as the base for , but its usage varies by formality and ; the casual "arigatou" is reserved for peers or inferiors, while the polite "arigatou gozaimasu" is employed in professional or hierarchical settings, such as corporate environments where subordinates bow deeply to superiors when thanking them for guidance or favors. Bows (ojigi) accompany these verbal expressions, with the depth of the bow—ranging from a slight nod to a full 45-degree inclination—reflecting the level of and , thereby reinforcing group and within the collectivist framework. In African contexts, such as among the of , gratitude expressions emphasize communal reciprocity and social bonds. The phrase "e se" literally means "do good" or "thank you," implying a mutual exchange that strengthens community ties, often used in bustling markets where vendors and buyers exchange it to acknowledge transactions and foster ongoing relationships within the group's interdependent structure. This usage underscores Yoruba communalism, where individual thanks contribute to collective well-being and reciprocity, differing from more individualistic Western acknowledgments by prioritizing shared obligations over personal sentiment. Latin American cultures, exemplified by , blend indigenous and Spanish influences to express thanks with warmth and physical closeness. "Muchas gracias," meaning "many thanks," is frequently paired with gestures like hugs (abrazos) or cheek kisses among acquaintances, reflecting a post-16th-century fusion of pre-Columbian communal and Spanish colonial expressiveness that values emotional proximity in social interactions. This tactile approach highlights relational depth, rooted in indigenous traditions of group solidarity and the familial introduced through Spanish colonization. In the , Arabic-speaking societies often convey thanks indirectly to align with Islamic , which discourages imposing obligations. "Shukran," meaning "thanks," may be softened by appending "" (if wills), particularly in response to offers or favors, to express and defer to divine will rather than creating a sense of debt, as direct alone is seen as insufficiently deferential in faith-influenced interactions. This practice draws from Quranic principles of and reliance on , promoting indirectness to maintain social equilibrium.

Etiquette and Contemporary Practices

Contexts for Usage

In everyday English-speaking scenarios, "thank you" is commonly expressed after receiving minor acts of assistance, such as someone holding a door open, or upon receiving gifts or favors. A 2015 psychological study found that verbal thanks occurred in approximately 85% of door-holding interactions when effort was visible, highlighting its role as a standard polite response in casual urban encounters across the U.S. Surveys indicate that the average American adult says "thank you" around six times per day, often in these routine social exchanges, underscoring its frequency in daily life. In formal settings, phrases like "Thank you for your " have been a conventional closing in , including job applications and professional emails, since the early when structured cover letters gained prominence. This usage persists in speeches and written communications to convey appreciation for time invested, as seen in standard guides recommending it to end applications politely. However, overuse of "thank you" in high-service environments, such as retail, can contribute to fatigue among workers required to maintain constant . A 2025 analysis of service industry further notes that faking positive responses, including repeated thanks, heightens stress and turnover intentions. In digital contexts, norms for "thank you" or abbreviated "thanks" have evolved since the , with increased use in emails and to acknowledge quick exchanges, often via auto-replies or threaded replies to foster efficient . A 2023 study on netiquette identifies these expressions as core digital social norms, promoting reciprocity in online interactions while avoiding clutter from excessive thank-you chains.

Common Responses and Norms

When someone expresses thanks with "thank you," common responses in English-speaking contexts include "," which emerged as a standard formulaic reply in the early , with the first recorded use in this sense dating to 1907 according to the . In casual , alternatives like "no problem" or "my pleasure" have gained popularity since the late , conveying that the favor required little effort or was enjoyable to provide. Cultural norms for replying vary significantly. In , "" serves as a relaxed equivalent, originating in the 1960s and becoming widespread by the 1980s as a way to dismiss any sense of obligation. In contrast, some Asian cultures, such as , often favor non-verbal acknowledgments like a or nod over explicit replies to "arigatou" (thank you), as verbal responses like "dou itashimashite" () can imply the favor was no big deal, potentially undervaluing the effort and disrupting social harmony, especially with superiors. Digitally, norms have adapted to include emoji replies, such as a thumbs-up 👍 or smiling face 😊, as concise acknowledgments in text messages or emails, particularly in informal settings since the . In Western , failing to respond to "thank you" can be viewed as rude in certain contexts, such as after receiving gifts where a written note is expected, as it dismisses the expression of and violates norms of reciprocity; modern guides from the Institute emphasize polite acknowledgments to maintain , incorporating inclusive language for diverse interactions.

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  61. https://olemiss.edu/news/2025/03/faking-it-at-work/index.html
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  66. https://selftaughtjapanese.com/2018/07/02/alternative-responses-to-arigatou-thank-you-in-japanese-besides-dou-itashimashite-youre-welcome/
  67. https://www.grammarly.com/blog/emailing/work-email-emojis/
  68. https://emilypost.com/advice/different-ways-to-say-thank-you
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