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Volvo Engine Architecture
Volvo Engine Architecture
Volvo Engine Architecture
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Volvo Engine Architecture
Four-cylinder diesel VEA display engine painted white
Overview
Manufacturer

Aurobay

Proton[2]
Also called
Production2013[11]–present
Layout
ConfigurationI3,[12] I4[13]
Displacement1.5 L (1,498 cc)[12][14]
1.5 L (1,477 cc)[15]
2.0 L (1,969 cc)[16]
Cylinder bore82 mm (3.23 in)
Piston stroke70.9 mm (2.79 in)
93.2 mm (3.67 in)
Cylinder block materialAluminum[17]
Cylinder head materialAluminum[17]
ValvetrainDOHC[18]
RPM range
Idle speed825 rpm – 850 rpm
Max. engine speed
  • Petrol: 6000 rpm
  • Diesel: 5000 rpm
Combustion
SuperchargerEaton Roots-type (T6 & T8 engine architecture)
Turbocharger
Fuel system
Management
Fuel type
Oil systemWet sump
Cooling systemWater-cooled
Emissions
Emissions target standard
Emissions control systems
Chronology
Predecessor

The Volvo Engine Architecture[13] (VEA) is a family of straight-three and straight-four automobile petrol and diesel engines produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde,[30] Sweden, since 2013,[31] Zhangjiakou,[32] China, since 2016[33] and Tanjung Malim, Malaysia, since 2022 by Proton.[34] Volvo markets all engines under the Drive–E[35][19][36] designation,[37] while Geely groups the three-cylinder variants with its other engines under the G-power[38] name. These engines are some of the few ever put into production as twincharged engines, in the company of the Lancia Delta S4 and concept Jaguar CX-75.

History

[edit]

Development of the new engine family began in 2006,[39] with the decision to only produce four-cylinder engines being finalised in 2007.[39] The intention was to produce smaller,[40] more economical and environmentally friendly[41] engines that would be fitted to every Volvo model. In 2008[17] Volvo began to upgrade its Skövde engine plant and invested roughly 2 billion SEK[42] into development and tooling for the VEA.[11]

In the autumn of 2013,[22] the first cars with the new engines were delivered to customers, starting with the S60 II and V60 models.[43] At the same time, Volvo began to phase out the five-cylinder petrol and diesel engines,[44] the six-cylinder petrol engines as well as any four-cylinder engines from other manufacturers.[42] Until the end of 2015,[45] nearly all other engines had been phased out, with only a few non VEA engines remaining in production for select models.[46] Volvo nearly completed the phaseout in 2016[47] with only two variants of the five-cylinder diesel remaining in production for the 60-series models.

In December 2014, Volvo introduced the first hybrid variant of a VEA engine with the launch of the XC90 T8. It uses an electric rear axle drive (ERAD) for both electric propulsion and AWD capabilities. Hybrid engines are equipped with a crankshaft integrated starter generator (CISG) that is used to start the engine, capture otherwise lost energy when slowing down and reduce lag at low rpm by acting as an additional supercharger. Volvo refers to this type of hybrid implementation as Twin Engine.[48]

With the introduction of Volvo's new flagship sedan in 2016, the S90, the PowerPulse anti-lag system for the top of the range diesel engines was unveiled. It uses a small tank of compressed air that can instantaneously be released into the turbocharger to help with spool up, thereby reducing turbo lag.[49][50]

Volvo began testing of three-cylinder variants in mid 2014,[51] it had been planned to introduce these engines[12] in 2015. With their smaller capacity and less power they were meant to be used as base engines.[14] In 2015 no three-cylinder engines were released, instead four-cylinder variants with 1.5 L capacity were introduced as base engines on some models.[52] In the second half of 2017, the first production VEA three-cylinder engine was released with the debut of the LEVC TX, where it is used as a range extender. The first Volvo three-cylinder VEA was slated for introduction in 2018 for the XC40 under the T3 engine designation,[53] however it saw only limited release.

Due to stricter emissions laws, additional and improved emissions control equipment was introduced, beginning in the second half of 2017 for the 2018 model year. Diesel engines gained a SCR-catalyst to decrease NOx emissions, petrol engines received a particle filter. These changes are referred to as VEA GEN2. This improved the emissions rating to Euro 6c and for some engines to Euro 6d-TEMP.[54][55] The improvements were rolled out in stages and some engines, particularly the hybrid variants, remained in Euro 6 configuration until the second quarter of 2018. By model year 2019[56] all engines had been updated to achieve Euro 6d-TEMP certification, with some engines getting discontinued. All diesel engines are now equipped with Ad-Blue[nb 4] and all petrol engines with a particle filter.

Volvo has been developing a major update for all its engines since 2017. It is code-named VEA GEN3 (with VEP GEN3 and VED GEN3[57] respectively) and part of Volvo's effort to hybridize all of its engines. The MHEV variants will have a 48V network separate from the high-voltage battery system.

New B badging for hybrid vehicles.[58] Deviating from the previously introduced T<some number> (1994 with the T-5, without the dash in 1996 for X70) and D<some number> (2002 with the D5 engine, expanded in ~2009 with D4 and D3 subdivision) naming/badging scheme. The system uses kinetic energy recovery via a belt driven integrated starter generator (BISG) which is stored in a 48V 0.25 kWh lion battery. Under heavy load or rapid acceleration the BISG is used as a power adder. P0 hybridization.[59][60][61][62][63]

Nomenclature

[edit]

The engine codes consist of a series of letters and digits. The actual, broadly used engine code is 7 or 8 characters long. Hybrid models can have a second engine code that is 7 characters long, mild hybrids engine codes are 6 characters long. Different, more general engine codes are used for some certification and approval documents and are 6 to 8 characters long. An additional 2 characters are used to identify each specific engine variant with an MP or HP suffix to differentiate performance.[18]

Standard engine codes:

  • 1st: Fuel type (B/D) B = Bensin (Petrol),[64] D = Diesel
  • 2nd: Number of cylinders (3/4)
  • 3rd & 4th: Approximate displacement in deciliters, may be rounded up or down (19 ~= 2.0 L)
  • 5th: Valves per cylinder (4)[64]
  • 6th: Induction method (T) T = turbocharged[65]
  • 7th & 8th: Engine variant (4/5/6/9/11/14/20/23/27/35/44)[64]

Petrol (GEP3/VEP4)

[edit]

1.5

[edit]

All three-cylinder 1.5 L (1,477 cc) petrol engines have a bore of 82 mm (3.2 in) and a stroke of 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 10.5:1. All engines are turbocharged and intercooled with direct injection. All 3 cylinder engines are equipped with belt driven water pump and integrated mass balancer shaft,[66] 4 cylinder engines are equipped with an electric water pump.

B3154T

[edit]

The B3154T is usually only referred to as range extender. It delivers 82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4000 rpm and 255 N⋅m (188 lb⋅ft).[67] When running it only recharges the high voltage battery, thus functioning as a range extender giving approx. 300 miles of additional range.[68] Single turbocharger.

CISG.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

  • 2017–present LEVC TX badged as LEVC TX, LEVC TX e-City[69] or with no additional badging

B3154T

[edit]

The B3154T[70] (11 or 14 for standard transmission and 15 for automatic) delivers 156 PS (115 kW; 154 hp) at 5000 rpm and 265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1850–3850 rpm with standard transmission or 265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1850–3850 rpm with automatic. Engine variant for cars equipped with a manual or automatic gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with a six-gear gearbox made by Volvo Cars or the Toyota AW8G30 gearbox.

It was replaced by the newer engine B3154T7 which retains the same ID code of 11 but not 14; automatic was changed to B3154T2 which retains the same ID code of 15.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B3154T2

[edit]

The B3154T2 (15) delivers 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 5500 rpm and 265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–3000 rpm. Engine variant for cars equipped with an automatic gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW8G30 gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B3154T3

[edit]

The B3154T3 delivers 129 PS (95 kW; 127 hp) at 5000 rpm and 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1550–3000 rpm.

Emissions level euro 6dtemp.

Applications:

B3154T5

[edit]

The B3154T5 (BB) delivers 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5800 rpm and 265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–3000 rpm. The front electric motor (EFAD) delivers 82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) and 160 N⋅m (120 lb⋅ft) of torque. Single turbocharger.

Battery capacity is 9.7 kWh.

This engine is only available with the 7DCTH[72] gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d.

Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo XC40 badged as XC40 T5 Twin Engine

B3154T7

[edit]

The B3154T7 (11) delivers 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 5500 rpm and 265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1850–3000 rpm. Engine variant for cars equipped with a manual gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the M76 R6.2 gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B3154T9

[edit]

The B3154T9 delivers 129 PS (95 kW; 127 hp) at 5000 rpm and 245 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1600–3000 rpm. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

JLH-3G15TD / JLH-3G15T

[edit]

The JLH-3G15TD delivers 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5500 rpm and 265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4000 rpm. Single turbocharger.

The JLH-3G15T delivers 150 metric horsepower (110 kW; 148 hp) at 5500 rpm and 226 newton-metres (167 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500 and 4000 rpm. Single turbocharger.[74][75][76]

This engine is only available with a 7-speed DCT.

No emissions standard information.

Applications: JLH-3G15TD

Applications: JLH-3G15T

JLH-3G15TDC

[edit]

The JLH-3G15TDC delivers 156 PS (115 kW; 154 hp) at 5000 rpm and 245 N⋅m (181 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1450–4000 rpm. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level China V.

Applications:

B4154T2

[edit]

The B4154T2[78] (32) delivers 152 PS (112 kW; 150 hp) at 5000 rpm and 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1800–4000 rpm. Engine variant for cars equipped with an automatic gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with an automatic gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4154T3

[edit]

The B4154T3 (33) delivers 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5000 rpm and 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1800–3500 rpm. Engine variant for cars equipped with an automatic gearbox. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4154T4

[edit]

The B4154T4 (29) delivers 152 PS (112 kW; 150 hp)[79] at 5000 rpm and 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1700–4000 rpm. Engine variant for cars equipped with an automatic gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4154T5

[edit]

The B4154T5 (28) delivers 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5000 rpm and 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1600–3500 rpm. Engine variant for cars equipped with an automatic gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6b, upgraded to Euro 6d-TEMP with model year 2018.

Applications:

B4154T6

[edit]

The B4154T6 delivers 152 PS (112 kW; 150 hp) at 5000 rpm and 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1600–3500 rpm. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

2.0

[edit]

All 2.0 L (1,969 cc) petrol engines have a bore of 82 mm (3.2 in) and a stroke of 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 10.3:1.[85] All engines are turbocharged and intercooled with direct injection. More powerful versions are equipped with a roots type supercharger in addition to being turbocharged and intercooled. All engines come with an electric water pump and balancer shafts.

B4204T5

[edit]

The B4204T5 delivers 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) at 5800 rpm and 265 N⋅m (195 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–3000 rpm. The front electric motor (EFAD) delivers 82 PS (60 kW; 81 hp) at 4000 rpm and 160 N⋅m (120 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3500 rpm. Single turbocharger.

Battery capacity is 10.7 kWh.

This engine is only available with the 7DCT gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo XC40 badged as XC40 Twin Engine or XC40 T5 Twin Engine

JLH-4G20TD

[edit]

The JLH-4G20TD delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4700 rpm and 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1400–4000 rpm. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level China VI.

Applications:

JLH-4G20TDB

[edit]

The JLH-4G20TDB delivers 238 PS (175 kW; 235 hp) and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque.[86]

Emissions level China VIB.

Applications:

JLH-4G20TDC

[edit]

The JLH-4G20TDC delivers 254 PS (187 kW; 251 hp) and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1800–4800 rpm.

JLH-4G20TDH

[edit]

The JLH-4G20TDH delivers 265 PS (195 kW; 261 hp) and 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2000–4000 rpm.[88]

B4204T9

[edit]

The B4204T9[89] (49) delivers 302 PS (222 kW; 298 hp) at 5700 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2100–4500 rpm.[90] For 2016 minor changes increased power output to 306 PS (225 kW; 302 hp) at 5700 rpm.[91] Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, beginning with model year 2018 emissions level Euro 6b.[92]

Applications:

B4204T10

[edit]

The B4204T10[64] (27) delivers 302 PS (222 kW; 298 hp) at 5700 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2100–4500 rpm. Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4204T11

[edit]

The B4204T11[97] (40) delivers 245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at 5500 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4800 rpm.[98] The compression ratio was changed to 10.8:1. Single turbocharger. The crankshaft has a stroke of 93.2mm.[99]

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

A specially designed ULEV2 emissions variant of this engine exists.[100]

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T12

[edit]

The B4204T12[97] (26) delivers 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 5600 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4500 rpm. Single turbocharger.

This engine is a PZEV[18] emissions variant and features additional emissions reducing equipment.[114][115][116]

Applications:

B4204T14

[edit]

The B4204T14 (13) delivers 247 PS (182 kW; 244 hp) at 5500 rpm[119] and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1800–4800 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 10.8:1. Single turbocharger.

The engine is equipped with a particle filter. Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4204T15

[edit]

The B4204T15[120] delivers 220 PS (162 kW; 217 hp) at 5500 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4000 rpm. The compression ration was changed to 10.8:1.[121] Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T17

[edit]

The B4204T17 (36) delivers 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5000 rpm and 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1200–3500 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 11.3:1. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the M76 R6.2 gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4204T18

[edit]

The B4204T18 (16) delivers 252 PS (185 kW; 249 hp) at 5500 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4800 rpm.[126] Single turbocharger.
Nominal rated power is 280 PS (206 kW; 276 hp) at 5500 rpm.

Gearbox only TG-80SC AWD

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

  • 2018–present Volvo XC40 badged as XC40 T5 AWD[126]
  • 2021–present Lynk & Co 09 Mild hybrid 2.0T+8AT 48V mechanical four-wheel drive
  • 2021–present Lynk & Co 09 Hybrid 2.0T HEV light hybrid electric four-wheel drive

B4204T19

[edit]

The B4204T19 (41) delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp)[127] at 4700 rpm and 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1350–4000 rpm.[98] The compression ratio was changed to 11.3:1. Single turbocharger.

This engine is available with the M66H, M76, AW TF81-SC and AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, beginning with model year 2018 emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4204T20

[edit]

The B4204T20 (8) delivers 249 PS (183 kW; 246 hp) at 5500 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4500 rpm. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6, for the XC60 II emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

B4204T21

[edit]

The B4204T21 (57) delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 5000 rpm and 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4000 rpm.[133] Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T23

[edit]

The B4204T23 (10) delivers 254 PS (187 kW; 251 hp) at 5500 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4800 rpm. Single turbocharger.

In Europe emissions level Euro 6, for the XC60 II emissions level Euro 6b.
In China emissions level China VI.

Applications:

B4204T26

[edit]

The B4204T26 (25) delivers 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp) at 5500 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1800–4800 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 10.8:1. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, during model year 2018 upgraded to emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4204T27

[edit]

The B4204T27[143] (A2) delivers 320 PS (235 kW; 316 hp) at 5700 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2200–5400 rpm. Turbocharger and supercharger.

Emissions level Euro 6, upgraded to Euro 6b for model year 2017, beginning with model year 2018 emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4204T28

[edit]

The B4204T28[144][145][146] (BC), later B4204T28 (B1FPHEV) (BR), delivers 318 PS (234 kW; 314 hp)[147] at 5700 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2200–5400 rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Turbocharger and supercharger.

Battery capacity was 9.2 kWh for model years 2016 and 2017. It was increased to 10.4 kWh[148] beginning with model year 2018.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6b, from model year 2018 emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

  • 2018–present Volvo XC60 II badged as XC60 T8, XC60 T8 AWD, XC60 Twin Engine[149] or XC60 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2018–present Volvo S90 II badged as S90 T8, S90 T8 AWD, S90 Twin Engine[148] or S90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2019–present Volvo V90 II badged as V90 T8, V90 T8 AWD, V90 Twin Engine or V90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2016–present Volvo XC90 II badged as XC90 T8, XC90 T8 AWD, XC90 Twin Engine or XC90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD

B4204T29

[edit]

The B4204T29[150][151][152] (A3) delivers 310 PS (228 kW; 306 hp) at 5700 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2200–5400 rpm. Turbocharger and supercharger.

In the S60 III and V60 II, and for all other models from and including model year 2020, it delivers 310 PS (228 kW; 306 hp) at 5700 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2200–5100 rpm. Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, from model year 2019 on emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4204T30

[edit]

The B4204T30[153] delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4700 rpm and 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1400–4000 rpm.[154] Single turbocharger.

This engine is available with a 7-speed DCT.

Emissions level China VI.

Applications:

B4204T31

[edit]

The B4204T31 (AK) delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 5000 rpm and 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1600–4000 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 11.8:1. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, beginning with model year 2018 emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4204T32

[edit]

The B4204T32[160] delivers 238 PS (175 kW; 235 hp) at 5700 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4500 rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 68 PS (50 kW; 67 hp) and 200 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) of torque.[161] Turbocharger and supercharger.

Battery capacity is 11.2 kWh.[162]

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level China V.[163]

Applications:

B4204T33

[edit]

The B4204T33 (35) delivers 152 PS (112 kW; 150 hp) at 5000 rpm and 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1300–4000 rpm.[166] Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the M76 manual transmission.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4204T34

[edit]

The B4204T34[168] (BM)[169] delivers 320 PS (235 kW; 316 hp) at 5700 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2200–5400 rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Turbocharger and supercharger.

In the newly released S60 III and V60 II,[170] and for all other models from and including model year 2020, it delivers 303 PS (223 kW; 299 hp) at 6000 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2200–4800 rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Turbocharger and supercharger.

Battery capacity was 10.4 kWh for model years 2018 and 2019. It was increased to 11.6 kWh[171] for model year 2020.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SD gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

  • 2019–present Volvo S60 III badged as S60 T8 Twin Engine
  • 2019–present Volvo V60 II badged as V60 T8 Twin Engine, V60 T8 Twin Engine AWD or V60 T8 Twin Engine eAWD[170]
  • 2018–present Volvo XC60 II badged as XC60 T8, XC60 T8 TWIN ENGINE eAWD or XC60 T8 AWD RECHARGE
  • 2018–present Volvo S90 II badged as S90L T8, S90 Excellence or S90L Excellence[172]
  • 2018–present Volvo XC90 II badged as XC90 T8 or XC90 T8 TWIN ENGINE[171]

B4204T35

[edit]

The B4204T35[143][144] (B1APHEV)[173] (BA) delivers 320 PS (235 kW; 316 hp) at 5700 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 2200–5400 rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

In Europe emissions level Euro 6, upgraded to emissions level Euro 6b, from model year 2018 on Euro 6d-TEMP.
In China emissions level China V,[174] upgraded to China VI.[175]

Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo V60 II badged as V60 T8, T8 AWD, T8 Twin Engine AWD, T8 Polestar Engineered
  • 2018–present Volvo XC60 II badged as XC60 T8, XC60 T8 AWD,[134] XC60 Twin Engine[149] or XC60 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2018–present Volvo S90 II badged as S90 T8, S90 T8 AWD, S90 Twin Engine or S90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD or S90 RECHARGE T8
  • 2018–present Volvo V90 II badged as V90 T8, V90 T8 AWD, V90 Twin Engine or V90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2016–present Volvo XC90 II badged as XC90 T8, XC90 T8 AWD, XC90 Twin Engine[176] or XC90 T8 TWIN ENGINE AWD
  • 2021–present Lynk & Co 09 PHEV 2.0T+8AT PHEV electric four-wheel drive

B4204T36

[edit]

The B4204T36 (3) delivers 249 PS (183 kW; 246 hp) at 5500 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1800–4500 rpm.[126] Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

B4204T37

[edit]

The B4204T37[177] (37) delivers 152 PS (112 kW; 150 hp) at 5000 rpm and 250 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1300–4000 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 11.3:1. Engine variant for cars equipped with a manual gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the M66H gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T38

[edit]

The B4204T38[177] (21) delivers 122 PS (90 kW; 120 hp) at 5000 rpm and 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4800 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 11.3:1. Engine variant for cars equipped with a manual gearbox. Single turbocharger.

This engine was only available with the M66H gearbox until model year 2017, afterwards it was only available with the M76 gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T41

[edit]

The B4204T41[177] delivers 245 PS (180 kW; 242 hp) at 5500 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–4800 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 8.6:1. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T43

[edit]

The B4204T43[129] (A0) delivers 367 PS (270 kW; 362 hp) at 6000 rpm and 470 N⋅m (350 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 3100–5100 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 8.6:1.[181] Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204L43

[edit]

The B4204L43 delivers 350 PS (257 kW; 345 hp) at 6000 rpm and 450 N⋅m (330 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 3000–5000 rpm. Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Applications:

[[Lynk & Co 03|]]

B4204T44

[edit]

The B4204T44 (AL) delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 5000 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1400–4000 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 10.8:1.[184] Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

B4204T45

[edit]

The B4204T45 (??) delivers 253 PS (186 kW; 250 hp) at 5500 rpm and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1700–5000 rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Turbocharger and supercharger.

This engine is only available with an automatic gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo S60 III badged as S60 T6, S60 T6 AWD or S60 T6 Twin Engine
  • 2019–present Volvo V60 II badged as V60 T8, V60 T8 AWD or V60 T8 Twin Engine

B4204T46

[edit]

The B4204T46[170] (BF) delivers 253 PS (186 kW; 250 hp) at 5500 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1700–5000 rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Turbocharger and supercharger.

Battery capacity was 10.4 kWh for model year 2019. It was increased to 11.6 kWh for model year 2020.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SD gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo S60 II badged as S60 T6 AWD
  • 2019–present Volvo V60 II badged as V60 T6 Twin Engine, V60 T6 Twin Engine AWD or V60 T6 Twin Engine eAWD
  • 2021–present Volvo XC60 II badged as XC60 Recharge T6 or V60 T6 AWD Recharge

B4204T47

[edit]

The B4204T47[70] (AC) delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4700 rpm and 300 N⋅m (220 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1400–4000 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 11.3:1. Single turbocharger.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

  • 2019–present Volvo XC40 badged as XC40 T4 or XC40 T4 AWD

B4204T48

[edit]
The B4204T48 in a Polestar 1

The B4204T48 (BT) delivers 318 PS (234 kW; 314 hp) at 5800–6100 rpm and 430 N⋅m (317 lb⋅ft) of torque at 4500 rpm. The rear electric motor (ERAD) delivers 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) and 240 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) of torque. Turbocharger and supercharger.

Battery capacity is 11.6 kWh.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SD gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

  • 2020–2022 Volvo S60 III badged as S60 Polestar Engineered or S60 T8 Twin Engine Polestar Engineered
  • 2020–2022 Volvo V60 II badged as V60 Polestar Engineered or V60 T8 Twin Engine Polestar Engineered
  • 2020–2022 Volvo XC60 II badged as XC60 Polestar Engineered or XC60 T8 Twin Engine Polestar Engineered
  • 2019 Polestar 1 badged as Polestar 1

B4204T49

[edit]

•Power Output: 246 kW (335 hp) at 6000 rpm

•Torque: 430 Nm at 4500 rpm

•Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo XC60 T8 Twin Engine Polestar
  • 2020–present Volvo S60 T8 Twin Engine Polestar Engineered

B4204T52

[edit]

•Power Output: 186 kW (253 hp) at 5500 rpm

•Torque: 350 Nm between 2600–5000 rpm

•Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo XC60 T6 AWD Twin Engine
  • 2020–present Volvo V60 T6 Twin Engine

B4204T53

[edit]

•Power Output: 233 kW (317 hp) at 6000 rpm

•Torque: 400 Nm between 3000–5400 rpm

•Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo XC60 T8 AWD Twin Engine
  • 2020–present Volvo S60 T8 Twin Engine

B4204T56

[edit]

•Power Output: 228 kW (310 hp) at 6000 rpm

•Maximum Rated Power: 253 kW (344 hp) at 6000 rpm

•Torque: 400 Nm between 3000–4800 rpm

•Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo XC60 T8 AWD Twin Engine
  • 2021–present Volvo S90 T8 AWD Twin Engine

B4204T57

[edit]

•Power Output: 233 kW (317 hp) at 6000 rpm

•Torque: 400 Nm between 3000–5400 rpm

•Applications:

  • 2020–present Volvo XC60 T8 AWD Twin Engine
  • 2020–present Volvo S60 T8 Twin Engine
  • 2020–present Volvo V60 T8 Twin Engine

[186]

B4204TSH

[edit]

•Power Output: 233.5 kW (313 hp) at 6000 rpm

•Torque: 400 Nm between 3000–5400 rpm

•Applications:

[187]

Diesel (VED4) (2013-2024)

[edit]

2.0

[edit]

All 2.0 L (1,969 cc) diesel engines have a bore of 82 mm (3.2 in) and a stroke of 93.2 mm (3.7 in) with a compression ratio of 15.8:1.[85] All engines are turbocharged and intercooled, certain variants are twin turbocharged. Some variants additionally are equipped with Variable Nozzle Turbine (VNT)[188] turbochargers.[40] In order to achieve injection pressures of up to 2500 bar all engines are equipped with a belt driven fuel pump.[189] High power variants are equipped with balancer shafts and all variants have a mechanical water pump.[190] Volvo has ceased production of all diesel engines, with the last diesel-equipped vehicle built in March 2024.[191]

D420T2 / D4204T2

[edit]

The D420T2 / D4204T2[171] (K2) delivers 235 PS (173 kW; 232 hp) at 4000 rpm and 480 N⋅m (350 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1750–2250 rpm. The BISG delivers 14 PS (10 kW; 14 hp) at 3000 rpm and 50 N⋅m (37 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 0–2300 rpm. Twin turbochargers.

This engine is only available with the AWF8G55 gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

D420T8 / D4204T8

[edit]

The D420T8 / D4204T8 (K5) delivers 197 PS (145 kW; 194 hp) at 4000 rpm and 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1750–2750 rpm. The BISG delivers 14 PS (10 kW; 14 hp) at 3000 rpm and 50 N⋅m (37 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 0–2300 rpm. Twin turbochargers.

This engine is only available with the AWF8G55 gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6d-Temp.

Applications:

D4204T4

[edit]

The D4204T4[195] (AR) originally delivered 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 4250 rpm, and 350 N⋅m (260 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–2500 rpm. Upgraded to 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) at 4250 rpm, and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–2500 rpm. Twin turbochargers.

Emissions level Euro 6, later upgraded to emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

D4204T5

[edit]

The D4204T5[197] (73) delivers 181 PS (133 kW; 179 hp) at 4250 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1750–2500 rpm. Twin turbochargers.

This engine is available with the M66, AW TF-71SC and AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

D4204T6

[edit]

The D4204T6 (A7) delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4250 rpm and 420 N⋅m (310 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–2500 rpm. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6.

Applications:

D4204T8

[edit]

The D4204T8 (74) delivers 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) at 3750 rpm and 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–2250 rpm.[199] The compression ratio was changed to 16.0:1. Single turbocharger.

This engine was available with the M66 gearbox until model year 2017, afterwards it was available with the M76 gearbox. All model years are available with the AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, upgraded to Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

D4204T9

[edit]

The D4204T9[202] (79) delivers 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 3750 rpm and 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1750–3000 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 16.0:1. Single turbocharger with VNT.[111][nb 8]

This engine was available with the M66F gearbox until model year 2017, afterwards it was available with the M76 gearbox. All model years are available with the AW TF-71SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6, upgraded to Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

D4204T11

[edit]

The D4204T11[85] (A4) delivers 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 4250 rpm and 470 N⋅m (350 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1750–2500 rpm. Twin turbochargers.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.[205]

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

D4204T12

[edit]

The D4204T12 (A6) delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4000 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1750–2500 rpm. Twin turbochargers.

The engine is equipped with a SCR system that has a 14.5 L AdBlue tank.[207]

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

D4204T13

[edit]

The D4204T13 (70) delivers 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) at 3750 rpm and 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–2250 rpm. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

D4204T14

[edit]

The D4204T14[143] (A8) delivers 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) at 4250 rpm and 400 N⋅m (300 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1750–2500 rpm. Twin turbochargers.

This engine is available with the M66F and AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Emissions level Euro 6 for CC models,[209] non CC models Euro 6b[205] for model years 2016 to 2018 and for the XC60 II, V60 II emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

D4204T16

[edit]

The D4204T16 (72) delivers 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) at 3750 rpm and 320 N⋅m (240 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1750–3000 rpm. The compression ratio was changed to 16.0:1. Single turbocharger.[207]

This engine is available with the M76 R7.0, M66F and AW TG-81SC gearbox.

The engine is equipped with a SCR system that has a 11.5 L AdBlue tank for SPA models or 14.5 L AdBlue tank for CMA models.[207]

Emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

D4204T20

[edit]

The D4204T20[213] (78) delivers 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) at 3750 rpm and 280 N⋅m (210 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1500–2250 rpm. Engine variant for cars equipped with an automatic gearbox. Single turbocharger.

Emissions level Euro 6b.

Applications:

D4204T23

[edit]

The D4204T23[143][216] (65) delivers 235 PS (173 kW; 232 hp) at 4000 rpm and 480 N⋅m (350 lb⋅ft) of torque in the range of 1750–2250 rpm. Twin turbochargers, one with VNT. Equipped with PowerPulse.

This engine is only available with the AW TG-81SC gearbox.

Starting with model year 2018 the engine is equipped with a SCR system that has a 11.5 L AdBlue tank except model year 2018 built between week 43 2017 - 01 2018).[216]

Emissions level Euro 6, for model year 2018 upgraded to emissions level Euro 6d-TEMP.

Applications:

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Volvo Engine Architecture

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
The Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA), also referred to as the Volvo Environmental Architecture, is a modular family of inline-four engines, originally encompassing both petrol and diesel variants (with diesel production ending in 2024), developed by to prioritize , reduced emissions, and versatile performance across its vehicle platforms. Introduced in autumn , VEA features a compact with high component commonality between variants, allowing for scalable power outputs while integrating advanced technologies like the world-first i-ART (injection Adaptive precision Real-Time) fuel system, which enables individual control of each injector's fuel delivery for optimized . Produced at Volvo's facility in , , the VEA engines form the core of the company's Drive-E strategy and are designed to pair seamlessly with the Scalable Product Architecture () vehicle platform, supporting both front- and all-wheel-drive configurations as well as hybrid applications. Key innovations include a shared block architecture for petrol (VEP) and diesel (VED) engines, direct injection, twin , and compatibility with an eight-speed , all contributing to significant improvements in fuel economy without compromising driving dynamics. Subsequent developments under VEA have incorporated three-cylinder variants, such as a 1.5-liter unit tested for compact models on the Compact Modular Architecture (CMA), further expanding its applicability to smaller vehicles. In its third generation (Gen3), introduced around , VEA evolves into a unified architecture for both diesel and petrol powertrains, emphasizing systems with combustion for enhanced thermal efficiency and compliance with stringent global emissions standards. This progression underscores Volvo's commitment to synergy, where VEA engines serve as the internal combustion backbone for plug-in hybrids and full-electric transitions in models like the XC90 and S90, following the phase-out of diesel production in 2024. The architecture's emphasis on has enabled Volvo to produce over four million SPA-based vehicles by 2025, many powered by VEA units, solidifying its role in the brand's sustainable mobility vision.

Overview

Modular Design Principles

The Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA) embodies a philosophy centered on a unified base engine design that supports both inline-three and inline-four configurations for petrol and diesel powertrains. This approach enables to produce a family of engines sharing core structural elements, facilitating efficient development and production across diverse vehicle applications. The architecture prioritizes scalability, with a foundational module of approximately 500 cc per to optimize thermodynamic and characteristics. Central to the VEA's modularity is a significant reduction in unique components, achieving up to 60% fewer parts compared to previous engine generations, which streamlines processes and lowers costs. The design incorporates a lightweight aluminum block with separate cylinder heads for petrol and diesel variants, contributing to overall weight savings of around 90 kg (200 lbs) relative to comparable prior s while maintaining structural integrity. Modular fuel systems further enhance this flexibility: petrol variants (VEP) employ direct injection for precise fuel delivery, while diesel variants (VED) utilize common-rail injection, allowing seamless adaptation between fuel types without extensive reengineering. Scalability is a hallmark of the VEA, permitting displacement adjustments from 1.5 L (three-) to 2.0 L (four-) through simple variations in bore, , or count, all while retaining the common to avoid major redesigns. This improves efficiency by standardizing assembly lines and supports stringent emissions compliance through enhanced control and compatibility with technologies. Additionally, the VEA integrates directly with Volvo's Scalable Product (SPA) platform, optimizing engine placement, , and overall for better fuel economy and safety.

Nomenclature System

Volvo's nomenclature system for the Engine Architecture (VEA) distinguishes engine variants through both public marketing labels and internal engineering codes, enabling clear identification of fuel type, configuration, displacement, and performance tuning. Public designations for petrol engines under VEA began with a "T" prefix denoting turbocharging, followed by a numeral approximating power output relative to displacement: T4 for the entry-level 2.0-liter four-cylinder (approximately 190 horsepower), T5 for the mid-tier version (around 250 horsepower), and T6 for the high-performance twin-charged model (about 316 horsepower). A smaller 1.5-liter three-cylinder petrol, derived from the de-stroked 2.0-liter block for efficiency in compact models, uses T2 or T3 labels based on turbo sizing and output (122 or 152 horsepower, respectively). With the shift to systems in VEA Generation 3 (GEN3), designated internally as VEP GEN3 ( Environmental Petrol), naming evolved to the "B" series: B4 for the 48-volt 2.0-liter (197 horsepower), B5 for the higher-output variant (247 horsepower with torque peaking at elevated RPM), and B6 for the supercharged and turbocharged (295 horsepower). Diesel engines, labeled VED (Volvo Environmental Diesel) in GEN3 and phased out as of early 2024, employed a "D" prefix followed by a numeral indicating size and power: D4 for the primary 2.0-liter four-cylinder (approximately 190 horsepower), with D3 for lower-output tunes in select markets. Suffixes such as T2 or T3 specified turbo variants, while atmospheric (non-turbo) "A" designations were uncommon in VEA due to the emphasis on for efficiency and performance. Internal codes offer granular detail, typically seven to eight characters long. For 2.0-liter petrol, the format B4204Txx breaks down as "B" for (bensin), "4" for four , "20" for 2.0 liters (displacement in deciliters), "4" for four valves per , "T" for turbocharged, and the trailing digits for specific tuning (e.g., B4204T31 for the T4/B4 base model). Diesel counterparts followed D4204Txx, with analogous structure (e.g., D4204T for the D4 core). The 1.5-liter three-cylinder used B4154Txx. This system evolved from pre-VEA conventions, which featured diverse codes across multi-cylinder layouts like the five-cylinder B5254T (2.5-liter petrol) or D5244T (2.4-liter diesel), to VEA's unified four-cylinder focus starting in 2013, streamlining variants while supporting modular interchangeability between petrol and diesel. GEN3 updates, introduced around 2021, incorporated VEP/VED prefixes internally to denote the revised architecture with Miller-cycle combustion and hybrid integration.

Historical Development

Origins of VEA

The development of Volvo's Engine Architecture (VEA), later marketed as the Drive-E family, originated in the late as Volvo sought to modernize its lineup amid evolving regulatory and market demands. Prior to VEA's introduction, had relied heavily on inline-five and inline-six engines, which were renowned for their smoothness and durability but increasingly challenged by stricter emissions regulations and consumer preferences for efficiency. In 2011, announced a pivotal shift to an exclusive focus on four-cylinder engines under the Drive-E banner, phasing out larger configurations to streamline production and boost overall performance-to-efficiency ratios. This architectural evolution was influenced by Volvo's ownership transitions and strategic partnerships. The project commenced in 2008 during Volvo's tenure under , as part of the (PAG), which fostered cross-brand collaboration on modular platforms and shared engineering resources from 1999 to 2010. Following Geely's acquisition of Volvo in August 2010 for $1.8 billion, the initiative gained renewed momentum with substantial Chinese investment, enabling full-scale development of a flexible, in-house modular engine family while preserving Volvo's Swedish engineering heritage. The core goals of VEA Generation 1 centered on environmental compliance and performance optimization, including adherence to the Euro 6 emissions standards effective from 2014, fuel economy gains of 10 to 30 percent relative to prior engines depending on the application, and inherent compatibility with electrification technologies like hybrid systems. These objectives were supported by a 2 billion SEK (approximately $300 million) investment in Volvo's Skövde engine plant, emphasizing downsizing, advanced turbocharging, and lightweight materials to deliver comparable power outputs with reduced environmental impact. VEA engines debuted in production vehicles for the model year, powering models such as the S60 and V60 with the T5 petrol variant, which utilized turbocharging for responsive performance while exemplifying the architecture's efficiency focus. This nomenclature, where "T5" indicated a turbocharged five-valve-per-cylinder petrol engine, reflected early VEA conventions for variant identification.

Key Milestones and Generations

The Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA) was first introduced in as a modular family of four-cylinder engines, marking the GEN1 phase from to 2017, which emphasized twin-charged configurations combining superchargers and turbochargers for petrol variants alongside direct across both petrol and diesel units to enhance efficiency and performance. This generation debuted in production models starting in autumn , with the first hybrid application appearing in the XC90 T8 in 2014, integrating an electric rear to support the VEA . A key milestone of GEN1 was the launch of i-ART (intelligent Accuracy Refinement Technology) injection in , a diesel-specific using feedback to optimize fuel delivery and reduce emissions by up to 20% compared to conventional common-rail setups. Transitioning to GEN2 from 2017 to 2023, VEA underwent refinements focused on compatibility with mild hybrid systems, including enhanced turbocharger efficiency through variable geometry and geometry designs that improved low-end torque while integrating 48V electrical architectures for energy recovery. These updates supported broader adoption in models like the second-generation XC60 in 2018, where the architecture enabled smoother transitions between electric assist and combustion operation. Nomenclature evolved slightly during this period to reflect power outputs, such as D4 for diesels and T5 for petrols, aiding model differentiation. GEN3, introduced from 2021 onward, represented a significant with the adoption of the in petrol engines to boost by delaying intake valve closure, primarily in the VEP ( Environmental Petrol) lineup comprising low-power (LP) at 145 kW, medium-power (MP) at 184 kW, and high-power (HP) at 220 kW variants. This generation prioritized electrified efficiency through deeper integration, debuting the engine in fall 2021 for models like the XC40, V60, and S60, achieving fuel consumption reductions of up to 5% compared to previous generations. Development of the corresponding VED ( Environmental Diesel) GEN3 was halted following 2023 announcement to cease all diesel passenger car production by early 2024, accelerating the shift away from diesel amid global trends. Notable milestones include the 2021 debut of the , which powered over a dozen models and contributed to compliance with stricter EU emissions standards. By October 2025, had produced four million vehicles on the Scalable Product (SPA) platform, which integrates VEA engines, underscoring the architecture's scalability and role in hybrid advancements. The 2023-2024 diesel phase-out, announced at Climate Week NYC, not only ended new diesel development but also redirected resources toward fully electrified powertrains, with the last diesel VEA units rolling off lines in early 2024.

Petrol Engines

1.5-Liter Variants

The 1.5-liter variants of Volvo's Engine Architecture (VEA) family primarily consist of inline-three-cylinder petrol engines designed for efficiency in compact vehicles, featuring a displacement of 1,477 cc, an aluminum block and head, and direct fuel injection. These engines incorporate a twin-scroll turbocharger and variable valve timing to balance performance and fuel economy, with a compression ratio typically around 10.5:1. The architecture shares modular components, such as the cylinder head design, with the larger 2.0-liter family for manufacturing scalability. Key variants include the B3154T, an early turbocharged model producing 156 hp (115 kW) at 5,000 rpm and 265 Nm of torque from 1,850 to 3,850 rpm, introduced in 2017 for entry-level applications. The B3154T2 updates this to 163 hp (120 kW) at 5,500 rpm and 265 Nm from 1,500 to 3,000 rpm. The B3154T3 produces 129 hp (95 kW) at 5,000 rpm and 250 Nm. The B4154T series represents the 1.5-liter inline-four configuration (1,498 cc displacement), with variants like the T2 (B4154T2) at 148 hp (109 kW) and 250 Nm, and the T3 (B4154T4) at 152 hp (112 kW) and 250 Nm from 1,700 to 4,000 rpm. For the Chinese market, the JLH-3G15 series offers localized three-cylinder adaptations, including the JLH-3G15TD single-turbo variant at 160 hp (118 kW) and 255 Nm, and the JLH-3G15TDC version reaching 218 hp (160 kW) and 325 Nm, produced at Volvo's facility to meet regional emissions standards. These engines emphasize compact packaging for front-wheel-drive layouts, enabling agile handling and reduced weight—around 100 kg for the block—while achieving CO2 emissions below 120 g/km in configurations under WLTP testing. Applications of these 1.5-liter engines include entry-level models like the XC40 compact from to 2022 and the S60 sedan from , primarily in select markets. In the XC40, for instance, the B3154T enables a 0-100 km/h acceleration of 9.4 seconds with a six-speed manual or eight-speed , prioritizing responsive performance in front-wheel-drive guise. These engines have been phased out in major markets like and following 2022 model updates, with continued use in via localized variants as of 2025.
VariantCylindersPower (hp)Torque (Nm)Key ApplicationNotes
B3154T3156265XC40 T3 (2018-2022)Base turbo, direct injection
B3154T23163265XC40 T3 (2019+)Updated turbo tuning
B3154T33129250Select marketsLower output variant
B4154T24148250V40 T2 (GEN2)Inline-four for compact models
B4154T44152250S60 T3/V40 T3Enhanced for emissions
JLH-3G15TD3160255China-market XC40Single turbo, local production
JLH-3G15TDC3218325China-market S60 for performance

2.0-Liter Variants

The 2.0-liter variants within the Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA) family are inline-four petrol engines with a displacement of 1,969 cc, constructed from an aluminum block and for reduced weight and improved . These engines employ double overhead camshafts (DOHC) with four valves per cylinder, (VVT) on both intake and exhaust sides, and high-pressure direct to optimize and across a broad RPM range. Turbocharging is standard, with some configurations incorporating twin-charging systems combining a and for enhanced low-end delivery, while others use single or variable-geometry turbos for balanced power and efficiency. The core B4204T series encompasses a range of tuned variants tailored to different vehicle trims and needs, all sharing the modular VEA base for . The entry-level T4 variant, often coded as B4204T19 or similar evolutions, produces 190 horsepower at approximately 5,000 rpm and 300 Nm of from 1,300 to 4,000 rpm, providing adequate propulsion for front-wheel-drive setups in compact models. The T5 configuration, such as B4204T11, steps up to 250 horsepower and 350 Nm, frequently featuring twin-charging for seamless power buildup, as seen in luxury sedans and wagons. Higher-output iterations include the T6 (B4204T4 or evolutions like T45), delivering 316 horsepower and up to 400 Nm through supercharger-turbo combinations, emphasizing refined in all-wheel-drive applications. For (PHEV) systems, the T8 variant (e.g., B4204T12 in integrated setups) contributes over 300 horsepower from the petrol unit alone, with total system output exceeding 400 horsepower when paired with an , enabling efficient all-electric driving modes up to 50 km. Additional evolutions, such as the T11 for mild-hybrid applications, maintain around 250 horsepower with integrated 48-volt systems for fill and fuel savings, while specialized tunes like the T57 reach 300 horsepower for -oriented s. The nomenclature's "T" suffix denotes turbocharged petrol engines, with numeric extensions indicating specific calibration levels. In , particularly for markets like , Volvo employs the JLH-4G20 series as a regionally adapted 2.0-liter inline-four, co-developed with to meet local emissions and manufacturing standards while retaining VEA-inspired modularity. Variants include the TD tune at 190 horsepower and approximately 300 Nm for base models, the TDC at 218 horsepower and 325 Nm for balanced performance, and the TDH at up to 272 horsepower with enhanced turbo mapping for premium trims. These 2.0-liter engines power a variety of models starting from 2015, including the XC90 SUV, V90 wagon, and S90 sedan, where they serve as the primary propulsion in both rear- and all-wheel-drive configurations. Outputs span from 190 horsepower in entry-level trims to 455 horsepower in Engineered variants, which optimize tuning for sharper throttle response and higher boost pressures. Performance metrics highlight torque figures ranging from 300 Nm in base setups to over 500 Nm in high-output PHEV combinations, supporting 0-100 km/h acceleration times under 6 seconds in top configurations. Fuel economy typically achieves 5-8 L/100 km in combined driving cycles, depending on and hybridization, aided by stop-start technology and efficient gearing.
VariantEngine Code ExamplePower (hp)Torque (Nm)Charging TypeTypical Applications
T4B4204T19190300Single turboXC60, S60 entry-level
T5B4204T11250350Twin-chargedV90, S90 mid-trim
T6B4204T4/T45316400Supercharger + turboXC90, V90 premium
T8 (PHEV)B4204T12320+ (petrol) / 400+ total400+ / 500+ totalTwin-charged + electricXC90 T8, S90 T8
T11 (MHEV)B4204T evolution250350Single turbo + 48VXC60 mild hybrid
JLH TDJLH-4G20TD190300TurboS90L China base
JLH TDHJLH-4G20TDH272350TurboXC60 China premium

Generation 3 Enhancements (VEP GEN3)

The third-generation enhancements to Volvo's petrol engines, designated VEP GEN3, were introduced in 2021 as part of the broader Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA) evolution, emphasizing advanced and seamless integration with technologies. Central to this generation is the adoption of the , which employs early intake valve closure to reduce pumping losses and improve part-load efficiency, achieving up to 15% fuel savings compared to non-hybrid gasoline counterparts through combined and optimizations. All VEP GEN3 engines incorporate a standard 48V system with an integrated starter-generator (ISG), enabling energy recuperation during braking to support the , smoother stop-start functionality, and torque fill for enhanced drivability without full electric propulsion capability. The VEP GEN3 lineup consists exclusively of 2.0-liter inline-four configurations, tuned for varying performance levels while maintaining modular compatibility across the VEA family: the low-power (LP) variant delivers 145 kW (197 hp) and 300 Nm of torque; the medium-power (MP) variant produces 184 kW (250 hp) and 350 Nm; and the high-power (HP) variant outputs 220 kW (300 hp) and 420 Nm. Each variant features the ISG contributing up to 10 kW and 40 Nm of electric boost, primarily for low-speed assistance and efficiency gains, with all engines paired to an eight-speed automatic transmission. Key innovations in VEP GEN3 focus on combustion precision and refinement, including an evolved version of Volvo's i-ART (intelligent Air/Fuel Ratio Tracking) direct injection system, which uses per-cylinder pressure sensors for real-time fuel metering adjustments, enhancing atomization and reducing unburnt hydrocarbons across the operating range. (NVH) levels are significantly lowered through a redesigned structure, roller finger followers on the , and selective cylinder deactivation at light loads (typically below 1500 rpm and 150 Nm), allowing two cylinders to deactivate seamlessly for further efficiency without perceptible irregularity. These features collectively reduce mechanical friction by up to 20% compared to prior generations, prioritizing durability and compliance with stringent Euro 6d emissions standards. VEP GEN3 engines first appeared in updated 2023 models such as the XC60 and S60, where they replace earlier Drive-E variants to bridge the transition toward full by 2030, offering backward compatibility with existing VEA components while facilitating hybrid upgrades. In (PHEV) configurations, these engines integrate with the ERAD (Electric Rear Axle Drive) system for all-wheel-drive capability, enabling low-speed electric-only operation and overall system efficiency. Notable metrics underscore the environmental impact: mild hybrid VEP GEN3 setups achieve combined CO2 emissions of 140-160 g/km under WLTP testing, while PHEV variants with ERAD drop below 100 g/km (often 50-70 g/km) when utilizing electric range, supporting Volvo's fleet-wide reduction targets.

Diesel Engines

2.0-Liter Variants (VED4)

The 2.0-liter variants under the Volvo Engine Architecture (VED4) represent the company's four-cylinder diesel lineup, characterized by an inline-four configuration with a displacement of 1,969 cc, aluminum block and head construction, and a bore of 82 mm paired with a 93.2 mm stroke. These engines employ high-pressure common-rail direct operating at up to 2,500 bar, enabling precise control for improved efficiency and reduced emissions. Turbocharging is standard across the range, with single turbo setups in entry-level tunes and twin sequential turbos in higher-output versions to optimize low-end response and high-rev power delivery. The VED4 family includes several tuned variants within the D4204T series, offering a broad spectrum of performance levels to suit different applications. The base D2 delivers 120 hp (88 kW) at 3,750 rpm and 280 Nm of from 1,500 to 2,250 rpm, emphasizing fuel economy for urban driving. The D3 steps up to 150 hp (110 kW) at 3,750 rpm with 320 Nm available between 1,750 and 3,000 rpm, providing balanced refinement. Higher tunes like the D4 produce 190 hp (140 kW) at 4,250 rpm and 400 Nm from 1,750 to 2,500 rpm, while the top D5 achieves 235 hp (173 kW) at 4,000 rpm and 480 Nm over 1,750 to 2,250 rpm, prioritizing towing capability and highway performance. Post-2020 updates refined select variants, such as the D4 evolving to 197 hp (145 kW) with sustained peaks, incorporating enhanced i-ART injection feedback for better atomization and stability. These power outputs reflect the modular scalability of the VEA platform, which shares core components like the and spacing with corresponding petrol engines for . These engines found primary applications in mid-size Volvo models such as the V60, S60, XC60, and V40 Cross Country, spanning production from to early 2024, with particular strength in European markets where diesel demand favored their -rich characteristics for long-distance travel and load-hauling. figures across the range—typically 300 to 480 Nm—enabled strong acceleration and overtaking, often paired with or all-wheel-drive systems and six- or eight-speed automatic transmissions for seamless power deployment. Key features of the VED4 include the integration of (SCR) technology using AdBlue (a urea-based solution) to convert nitrogen oxides (NOx) into harmless nitrogen and water, achieving up to 95% NOx reduction. Combined with a (DPF) and (EGR), these systems ensured compliance with 6d emissions standards, including real-world driving emissions (RDE) testing. Fuel efficiency typically ranged from 4.0 to 5.0 L/100 km in combined cycle testing, supported by stop-start functionality and optimized gear ratios that minimized engine load during cruising. Over the production span of more than a decade, VED4 units were built at Volvo's Skövde plant in , underscoring their role in the brand's diesel strategy before the shift to .

Phase-Out and Transition (Post-2024)

In September 2023, Volvo Cars announced at Climate Week in that it would cease production of all diesel-powered passenger vehicles, with the final units rolling off the assembly line on March 26, 2024, at its Torslanda plant in . The last model affected was the XC90 diesel variant. This marked the end of approximately 45 years of diesel engine production for Volvo's passenger car lineup, which had begun in 1979 with the 244 GL D6. The phase-out was motivated by accelerating global trends toward electrification, shifting consumer preferences for hybrid and electric powertrains, and tightening emissions standards, including the proposed Euro 7 regulations set to further restrict and particulate emissions from internal combustion engines. These factors aligned with Volvo's broader climate strategy, which prioritizes reducing CO2 emissions and achieving climate neutrality by 2040. The VED4 2.0-liter diesel engines, to the Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA) since , contributed significantly to the company's for efficient and reliable , powering millions of vehicles and supporting fleet-wide improvements in fuel economy during their production run. In 2021, Volvo spun off its operations, including development and manufacturing at the facility, into Aurobay—a joint venture with Holding—to focus on modular combustion and hybrid solutions for external partners. Volvo fully divested its stake in Aurobay to Geely in December 2022. With the diesel discontinuation, Volvo did not advance to a planned Generation 3 (GEN3) iteration of the VED diesel family, instead channeling investments into upgrades under VEP GEN3 and fully electric platforms like the EX90, built on the Sustainable Product 2 (SPA2). Looking forward, the company's remaining engine activities are confined to concepts, primarily for commercial vehicles with potential passenger car applications in testing phases through 2026. By 2030, Volvo aims for 90-100% of its global sales to be fully electric or (as announced in 2021 and adjusted in 2024 amid varying market adoption rates), reflecting a committed path to an electrified future.

Electrified Integration

Hybrid Configurations

Volvo's hybrid configurations within the Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA) integrate the modular 2.0-liter inline-four petrol engines with electric propulsion systems to form electric vehicles (PHEVs), primarily under the T6 and T8 designations. These setups pair the (ICE) with electric motors and high-voltage batteries, enabling all-wheel drive (AWD) and extended electric-only operation. The architecture emphasizes seamless power delivery, where the ICE handles primary propulsion while electric components augment torque and enable zero-emission driving for short distances. A key element is the Electric Rear-Axle Drive (ERAD) system, introduced in 2014 with the second-generation XC90 T8 model, which adds an to the rear for AWD capability and independent electric propulsion. The initial ERAD unit delivered approximately 65 kW (87 hp) of power and 240 Nm of , integrated with a single-speed transmission to drive the rear wheels without a mechanical link to the front . This configuration allows the vehicle to operate in pure electric mode using the rear motor alone when the battery is charged, or in hybrid mode where power is distributed between the front and rear axles for optimal traction. Later iterations of ERAD, starting around 2020, increased output to support higher system totals, enhancing acceleration and efficiency. PHEV configurations typically feature T6 models with and an integrated starter-generator (ISG) electric motor on the ICE crankshaft, paired with batteries of 18-20 kWh capacity for moderate electric range. In contrast, T8 variants incorporate the ERAD for AWD, combining the front ICE (often turbocharged and supercharged for 250-320 hp) with the rear electric motor to achieve total system outputs ranging from 380 hp in early setups to 455 hp in refined versions. These systems use lithium-ion batteries mounted under the floor, providing 50+ km of electric range in GEN3-optimized models, with power split managed by the central electronics to prioritize electric drive in low-speed urban conditions before engaging the ICE for highway loads. The evolution of these hybrids spans VEA generations, with GEN2 updates around 2018 introducing faster onboard charging at 3.7 kW for reduced replenishment times (about 3-5 hours on a Level 2 charger) and improved battery thermal management for consistent performance. GEN3 enhancements, integrated from 2020 onward, further optimize battery packaging and software for over 80 km of real-world electric range in some applications, alongside refined systems that boost overall efficiency to as low as 1.5 L/100 km in hybrid mode plus 20-30 km of additional electric commuting. These advancements build on the core VEA petrol variants, such as the 2.0-liter turbo-supercharged unit, to minimize emissions while maintaining drivability. Notable applications include the XC90 T8, launched in 2015 with 407 hp total output and up to 43 km electric range, delivering combined efficiency of 2.1 L/100 km plus electric capability for reduced fuel use in daily driving. The S90 T8, introduced in 2017, adopts a similar setup for sedan efficiency, achieving 455 hp in later trims with comparable range gains. These models exemplify VEA's hybrid prowess, where the system's allows shared components across platforms for cost-effective . Technically, power splitting occurs via in the ERAD, which can independently power or brake the rear wheels, while the front ISG assists in seamless start-stop and low-end fill. captures energy during deceleration, primarily through the rear motor in AWD mode, feeding back to the battery to extend electric range by 10-20% in mixed driving cycles. This setup ensures the hybrid configurations prioritize without compromising Volvo's and standards.

Mild Hybrid and Miller Cycle Applications

Volvo's system, integrated into its Volvo Engine Architecture (VEA), employs a 48-volt electrical architecture to enhance the efficiency of gasoline engines without enabling pure electric . The system features a belt-driven integrated starter-generator (ISG) that functions as both a starter motor and an alternator, providing torque assistance during acceleration and enabling smoother engine restarts. This setup captures through , storing it in a compact 48-volt to support low-speed coasting and reduce the internal combustion engine's workload, thereby lowering fuel consumption by up to 15% in urban driving cycles compared to non-hybrid counterparts. The configuration is particularly prominent in Volvo's 2.0-liter four-cylinder engines, such as the B5 and B4 variants, where the ISG delivers supplemental power of around 10-15 kW, optimizing the engine's operation across a broad RPM range. This integration allows for seamless transitions between electric assist and combustion power, contributing to reduced CO2 emissions while maintaining the drivability of traditional engines. In practice, the system prioritizes efficiency during stop-start traffic and highway cruising, with the battery recharging via excess or braking energy, ensuring minimal impact on vehicle weight or complexity. Building on this foundation, incorporates the into its engines to further elevate , a modification to the conventional that involves early closure of the valves to reduce the effective during the . This approach minimizes pumping losses at part load while relying on turbocharging to compensate for any reduction in , achieving geometric compression ratios as high as 12:1 in engines like the revised 2.0-liter VEA unit. The implementation includes optimized port geometry, revised piston crown designs for better charge motion, and advanced valve timing via the engine's variable valve actuation system, resulting in fuel economy improvements of approximately 5% over standard cycle configurations. In the context of mild hybrids, the synergizes with the 48-volt system to enable more frequent cylinder deactivation and electric fill during low-demand scenarios, enhancing overall system responsiveness. For instance, the B5 in the 2025 utilizes a 2.0-liter turbocharged inline-four operating on the , producing 247 horsepower and 266 lb-ft of , with EPA-estimated fuel economy reaching 23 city and 30 highway—gains attributed to the cycle's efficiency at partial loads combined with hybrid assist. This architecture exemplifies Volvo's strategy to bridge internal combustion and electrification, delivering refined performance with reduced environmental impact. These advancements are realized through collaborative engineering, including contributions from Aurobay, ' powertrain specialist, which developed the 200-horsepower 2.0-liter engine featuring a (VGT) and enhanced designs for cleaner burns. The result is a versatile platform applicable across models like the XC60 and S90, where the mild hybrid setup supports Volvo's emissions compliance while preserving the brand's emphasis on safety and luxury.

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