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Vermont Public Co. is the public broadcaster serving the U.S. state of Vermont. Its headquarters, newsroom, and radio studios are located in Colchester, with television studios in Winooski. It operates two statewide radio services aligned with NPR, offering news and classical music, and the state's PBS service. It was formed by the 2021 merger of what had been previously separate organizations, Vermont Public Radio and Vermont Public Television, which were both renamed Vermont Public in 2022.

Key Information

The services were separate organizations prior to 2021. The first to be founded was Vermont Educational Television (Vermont ETV), originally a service of the University of Vermont, in 1967; the network's four main transmitters were completed in March 1968. Originally mostly funded by the state of Vermont, Vermont ETV began fundraising in the community and developed a substantial audience in the Canadian province of Quebec, which has historically accounted for a significant portion of viewer donations and where a related charity once operated to process Canadian viewers' donations. Vermont ETV was separated from the university in 1989 and later renamed Vermont Public Television and Vermont PBS. In addition to public television programming from PBS and other distributors, Vermont Public produces TV programs of local interest.

Vermont Public's radio operation began broadcasting in 1977 as Vermont Public Radio (VPR). The first transmitter served southern Vermont; coverage of the northern half of the state was added in 1980 and extended by the construction of new stations as well as the acquisition of several existing commercial radio stations. Beginning in the 2000s, VPR established a second radio programming service with a classical music format, which also now has statewide coverage; the existing programming was shifted to an all-talk format with shows from NPR and other public radio distributors as well as local programming focusing on Vermont issues and musical artists.

History of the Vermont Public Co.

[edit]

In September 2020, the Vermont Public Co. was formed; it became active on June 30, 2021, with the merger of Vermont PBS and Vermont Public Radio, which had been separate entities.[1] The move brought together the 57 full-time VPR employees with 42 at Vermont PBS to create the state's largest news organization, with $90 million in assets.[2][3] The name Vermont Public was unveiled on June 23, 2022.[4] Its first leader, Scott Finn, stepped down in 2023; a permanent replacement was not hired until Vijay Singh, who had worked in public radio in California, was named in August 2024.[5]

Television

[edit]

History

[edit]

The television service was established by an act of the Vermont General Assembly in 1966 as Vermont Educational Television (Vermont ETV), a service operated by the University of Vermont on behalf of all educational interests in the state.[6] This culminated six years of efforts to set up the service, including two defeats in the 1963 and 1965 sessions of the General Assembly.[7] Broadcasting began on October 16, 1967, from WETK (channel 33) atop Mount Mansfield.[8] Three more transmitters went on air in the months that followed: WVTB (channel 20) on Burke Mountain, serving St. Johnsbury, WVTA (channel 41) on Mount Ascutney, to serve Windsor and southern Vermont, and WVER, broadcasting from Grandpa's Knob to serve Rutland.[9] Delays in completing WVTA, which did not start until March 18, 1968, also held up the activation of WVER.[10][11]

In 1975, the network began fundraising from the community, having been initially financed 90 percent by the state and later also receiving federal funds.[12][13] 1979 saw a 57-day strike by production personnel;[14] the next year, the St. Johnsbury and Rutland transmitters narrowly avoided closure when the university voted to allow the installation of remote control equipment, allowing operators to control the facilities from the Mount Ascutney site.[15][16]

The 1989 session of the General Assembly authorized Vermont ETV's separation from the university.[17] However, funding continued to be a concern. In 1996, the Vermont Senate Appropriations Committee proposed cutting ETV's state funding to $1; ETV eventually was able to restore some of its allocation but still lost about half of its state grant. This was in contrast to Vermont Public Radio, which was not funded by the state and had more corporate contributors.[18]

In 1997, Vermont ETV began 24-hour broadcasting;[19] the name was changed to Vermont Public Television on January 1, 1998,[20] and again to Vermont PBS in 2014.[21] On February 17, 2009, the four main Vermont Public Television transmitters converted to digital broadcasting; in converting early, they joined most of the state's major commercial stations.[22]

On February 17, 2017, Vermont PBS announced that it had sold the WVTA broadcast license for $56 million in the FCC's spectrum auction. In a statement, the network said that its other signals would be upgraded to cover the area served by WVTA.[23][24] The WVTA license, which continued on the WVER multiplex, was then surrendered for cancellation on November 23, 2022.[25] $52 million of the auction proceeds constitute the majority of Vermont Public's endowment, which stood at $71.9 million in 2021.[26]

Shortly before the merger with Vermont Public Radio, Vermont PBS relocated from Fort Ethan Allen, where both organizations had maintained separate offices, to facilities in Winooski.[27]

Local programming

[edit]

The flagship local television program from Vermont Public is the weekly Vermont This Week, which features a rotating panel of Vermont political reporters. Other regular local programs include the outdoors program Outdoor Journal and the local film program Made Here.[28][29]

Support in Canada

[edit]

Public television in Vermont has had a long history with viewers in Montreal, where its signal is received and widely distributed on cable and has been since April 1968.[30][31] The large audience in Greater Montreal has been a major source of donations: in 1979, Vermont ETV received 60 percent of its donations from Quebec.[32]

In 1989, Vidéotron, one of Montreal's major cable providers, removed Vermont ETV from its channel lineup and replaced it with WCFE in nearby Plattsburgh, New York, to save on copyright fees; at the time, WCFE did not run the entire PBS schedule in order to provide a differentiated service from Vermont ETV. However, the move threatened the financial viability of Vermont ETV because, at the time, as many of 15,000 of the 40,000 Vermont ETV contributors were Montreal-area Vidéotron customers who represented 25 percent of the network's fundraising revenue.[33] Donations to Vermont ETV's March 1990 fundraising drive fell 27 percent.[34] Vidéotron restored Vermont ETV to its lineup in 1991 after a year's absence.[35]

The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) revoked the status of the Public Television Association of Quebec, a charitable organization in Canada that had supported Vermont PBS's Canadian efforts, in 2013. The CRA decision was unsuccessfully appealed to the Federal Court of Appeal, which ruled in 2015 that the association had "failed to maintain direction and control over its resources as it did not devote all its resources to its own charitable activities" and was only used to generate charitable tax receipts for Canadian donors.[36]

Technical information

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Transmitters

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Map this section's coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as KML

Vermont Public holds three full-service television station licenses, one of which (WVER) is broadcast as a four-site distributed transmission system. WVER also has two separately licensed translators in Manchester and Pownal.

Vermont Public television stations
Station City of license
Facility ID ERP HAAT Transmitter coordinates First air date Public license information
WETK Burlington 33 (32) 69944 90 kW 830 m (2,723 ft) 44°31′32″N 72°48′51″W / 44.52556°N 72.81417°W / 44.52556; -72.81417 (WETK) October 16, 1967
WVER[a] Rutland 28 (10) 69946 15 kW 425.6 m (1,396 ft) 43°39′31″N 73°6′25″W / 43.65861°N 73.10694°W / 43.65861; -73.10694 (WVER) March 18, 1968
Mount Ascutney 5 kW 648.9 m (2,129 ft) 43°26′15″N 72°27′6″W / 43.43750°N 72.45167°W / 43.43750; -72.45167 (WVER site 2)
Brattleboro 0.32 kW −142.9 m (−469 ft) 42°51′6.1″N 72°33′38.8″W / 42.851694°N 72.560778°W / 42.851694; -72.560778 (WVER site 4)
Mount Pleasant 0.1 kW 204.3 m (670 ft) 44°7′28.7″N 72°28′52.2″W / 44.124639°N 72.481167°W / 44.124639; -72.481167 (WVER site 5)
WVTB St. Johnsbury 20 (28) 69940 75 kW 590 m (1,936 ft) 44°34′16″N 71°53′39″W / 44.57111°N 71.89417°W / 44.57111; -71.89417 (WVTB) February 26, 1968
Vermont Public television translators (WVER)
Call sign City of license Channel Facility ID ERP HAAT Transmitter coordinates
W20EH-D Pownal, VT 20 189111 1.26 kW 367 m (1,204 ft) 42°51′49.8″N 73°13′57.1″W / 42.863833°N 73.232528°W / 42.863833; -73.232528 (W20EH-D)
W30DM-D Manchester, VT 30 189112 0.796 kW 702 m (2,303 ft) 43°09′57.2″N 73°06′55.3″W / 43.165889°N 73.115361°W / 43.165889; -73.115361 (W30DM-D)

Subchannels

[edit]

All transmitters broadcast the same four subchannels.

Vermont Public television subchannels[37]
Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming
xx.1 1080i 16:9 VPBS Main programming / PBS
xx.2 VPBS+ PBS Plus/World
xx.3 480i CREATE Create
xx.4 KIDS PBS Kids

Network map

[edit]
Vermont Public is located in Vermont
W20EH-D
W20EH-D
W30DM-D
W30DM-D
WETK
WETK
WVER-1
WVER-1
WVER-2
WVER-2
WVER-4
WVER-4
WVER-5
WVER-5
WVTB
WVTB
class=notpageimage|
  • Vermont Public television transmitters
  • Full-power stations   Low-power translators

Radio

[edit]

History

[edit]

In 1975, two groups—the Champlain Valley Educational Radio Association and Vermont Public Radio—were formed by local residents to seek funds to plan a new non-commercial radio station for Vermont. The Champlain Valley group proposed starting with one station in Burlington, while the Vermont Public Radio application focused on statewide coverage, in order to meet requirements from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) for minimum population thresholds.[38][39] In October, Vermont Public Radio received a $25,000 CPB grant,[40] and two months later, the University of Vermont, which at the time administered Vermont ETV, approved the group to share some of its facilities.[41] The existing public television system also shared a founder with the radio network: Raymond V. Phillips, who was considered "the father of public television in Vermont".[42] While Phillips had long expressed interest in public radio, funding did not come until three local ministers objected to a local station's switch to a rock format; one of them later joined the Vermont Public Radio board.[43]

The first transmitter to go on air was WVPA-FM 89.5,[b] licensed to Windsor and broadcasting from Mount Ascutney, on August 13, 1977.[45] Serving northern Vermont took longer because Vermont Public Radio's application was placed into comparative hearing with several commercial applicants, having filed for the non-reserved frequency of 107.9 MHz.[46][47] The FCC approved VPR's request to move the frequency from Newport to Burlington despite opposition from a commercial broadcaster in Newport,[48][49][50] and WVPS atop Mount Mansfield was activated on October 31, 1980.[51] The Mount Ascutney and Mount Mansfield transmitters gave VPR coverage of 92 percent of the population—greater than Vermont ETV's reach at the time—as well as in northeastern New York, New Hampshire, and Montreal.[52]

Over the years, Vermont Public Radio added transmitters by construction as well as purchases of former commercial stations. WBTN-FM in Bennington was acquired as part of a package with its AM counterpart, WBTN, in 2000; the AM station briefly simulcast VPR programming with local news inserts and death notices until being sold and returned to commercial use.[53] In 2006, VPR purchased the former WJAN in Sunderland, transmitting from Mount Equinox; it is now WVTQ.[54]

In 2004, VPR started WNCH in Norwich, its first dedicated classical music station, and in 2007, it completed its split into two program services.[55] After VPR entered into discussions to purchase WWPV-FM in Colchester from Saint Michael's College in 2007, resistance from student and community groups led to the college refusing to sell.[56][57] Instead, VPR purchased WAVX, a Christian radio station licensed to Schuyler Falls, New York,[58] and relaunched it as WOXR.[59][c] When Saint Michael's obtained a low-power station construction permit in 2015, it then sold the high-power WWPV-FM facility to VPR for integration into the classical network as WVTX.[60]

The VPR studios at Fort Ethan Allen in Colchester were expanded in 2015, nearly doubling the size of the facility. $8 million was raised to finance the addition, which included a newsroom three times the size of the previous space—a converted storage attic—and a studio large enough to accommodate an audience.[61]

In December 2022, Vermont Public announced it would acquire WWLR, which had been the student-run station at Northern Vermont University's Lyndonville campus, for integration into the classical network. Trustees of the university had been attempting to sell the license for months and nearly surrendered it in 2021.[62] The purchase, at a price of $80,000, was consummated on April 25, 2023, and the station was taken silent; Vermont Public would rename the station WVLR-FM.[63] A report by VTDigger suggested that the university may not have been legally empowered to sell WWLR without General Assembly consent.[64] The statute in question was repealed weeks later by governor Phil Scott; in early August, the assembly's Joint Fiscal Committee granted the Vermont State Colleges system, to which Northern Vermont University belonged, retroactive approval to sell WWLR and for the 2019 closure of WIUV at Castleton University.[65]

Programs

[edit]

The news service airs major public radio news programs from NPR and other producers, including All Things Considered, Morning Edition, Here & Now, and Marketplace. Four days a week, Vermont Public produces its flagship radio program, Vermont Edition; currently hosted by Mikaela Lefrak, the show was hosted by Jane Lindholm from 2007 to 2021.[66]

The classical service offers blocks of classical music, some with local hosts and others from Classical 24.[67]

Transmitters

[edit]

Transmitters are arranged alphabetically by call sign. All full-power transmitters broadcast in HD Radio, carrying the News and Classical services and the BBC World Service as subchannels.[68] A blue background indicates a low-power translator of the full-power transmitter preceding it or, at the end of the table, an HD Radio subchannel of a transmitter in the other network.

Vermont Public News

[edit]
Vermont Public News transmitters
Call sign Frequency City of license Facility ID ERP (W) HAAT Class Transmitter coordinates Founded
WBTN-FM 94.3 FM Bennington, VT 9310 3,000 34 m (112 ft) A 42°56′53.2″N 73°10′32.3″W / 42.948111°N 73.175639°W / 42.948111; -73.175639 (WBTN-FM) October 2, 1978[69]
WRVT 88.7 FM Rutland, VT 69953 5,600 412 m (1,352 ft) C2 43°39′31.2″N 73°6′23.4″W / 43.658667°N 73.106500°W / 43.658667; -73.106500 (WRVT) January 10, 1989[70]
W258AW 99.5 FM Middlebury, VT 139966 38 −16.5 m (−54 ft) D 44°0′25.2″N 73°10′38.4″W / 44.007000°N 73.177333°W / 44.007000; -73.177333 (W258AW) —
W266AK 101.1 FM Rupert, VT 140100 10 129 m (423 ft) D 43°16′52.2″N 73°10′13.4″W / 43.281167°N 73.170389°W / 43.281167; -73.170389 (W266AK) —
WVBA 88.9 FM Brattleboro, VT 175088 6,200 54 m (177 ft) B1 42°49′42.4″N 72°35′58.6″W / 42.828444°N 72.599611°W / 42.828444; -72.599611 (WVBA) September 24, 2012[71]
WVPA 88.5 FM St. Johnsbury, VT 85029 850 569.2 m (1,867 ft) C2 44°34′15.1″N 71°53′36.3″W / 44.570861°N 71.893417°W / 44.570861; -71.893417 (WVPA) July 21, 1999[72]
WVPR 89.5 FM Windsor, VT 69951 1,700 694 m (2,277 ft) B 43°26′15.3″N 72°27′6.3″W / 43.437583°N 72.451750°W / 43.437583; -72.451750 (WVPR) August 13, 1977[45]
W295AU 106.9 FM Manchester, VT 88164 51 135.5 m (445 ft) D 43°14′12.3″N 73°1′42.4″W / 43.236750°N 73.028444°W / 43.236750; -73.028444 (W295AU) —
WVPS 107.9 FM Burlington, VT 69952 48,800 828 m (2,717 ft) C 44°31′32.1″N 72°48′56.4″W / 44.525583°N 72.815667°W / 44.525583; -72.815667 (WVPS) October 30, 1980[51]
W231BQ 94.1 FM Montpelier, VT 139908 200 — D 44°15′22.1″N 72°35′4.1″W / 44.256139°N 72.584472°W / 44.256139; -72.584472 (W231BQ) —
W298DD 107.5 FM Burlington, VT 139952 250 — D 44°30′28.4″N 73°9′3.2″W / 44.507889°N 73.150889°W / 44.507889; -73.150889 (W298DD) —

Vermont Public Classical

[edit]
Vermont Public Classical transmitters
Call sign Frequency City of license Facility ID ERP (W) HAAT Class Transmitter coordinates Founded
WNCH 88.1 FM Norwich, VT 84441 1,550 686.2 m (2,251 ft) B 43°26′15.3″N 72°27′6.3″W / 43.437583°N 72.451750°W / 43.437583; -72.451750 (WNCH) July 20, 2004[73]
W280CS 103.9 FM Hanover, NH 31111 250 −122.5 m (−402 ft) D 43°43′52.2″N 72°16′2.3″W / 43.731167°N 72.267306°W / 43.731167; -72.267306 (W280CS) —
W295AL 106.9 FM Woodstock, VT 140067 100 — D 43°37′53″N 72°30′47.1″W / 43.63139°N 72.513083°W / 43.63139; -72.513083 (W295AL) —
WOXM 90.1 FM[d] Middlebury, VT 174578 1,200 95.3 m (313 ft) A 44°1′34.2″N 73°9′42.4″W / 44.026167°N 73.161778°W / 44.026167; -73.161778 (WOXM) June 8, 2010[76]
WOXR 90.9 FM Schuyler Falls, NY 78628 2,700 327.2 m (1,073 ft) C2 44°34′24.2″N 73°40′29.5″W / 44.573389°N 73.674861°W / 44.573389; -73.674861 (WOXR) November 2004[77]
WVER-FM 107.5 FM West Rutland, VT 762173 450 363 m (1,191 ft) A 43°39′31.5″N 73°6′23.6″W / 43.658750°N 73.106556°W / 43.658750; -73.106556 (WVER-FM) August 10, 2023
WVNK 91.1 FM Manchester, VT 175524 115 96.5 m (317 ft) A 43°14′12.3″N 73°1′42.4″W / 43.236750°N 73.028444°W / 43.236750; -73.028444 (WVNK) September 2011[78]
WVTI 106.9 FM Brighton, VT 165996 1,420 211.5 m (694 ft) A 44°47′2.1″N 71°53′11.3″W / 44.783917°N 71.886472°W / 44.783917; -71.886472 (WVTI) 2008[79]
WVTQ 95.1 FM Sunderland, VT 54687 105 718.9 m (2,359 ft) A 43°9′56″N 73°7′11.9″W / 43.16556°N 73.119972°W / 43.16556; -73.119972 (WVTQ) May 1, 1991[80]
WVXR 102.1 FM Randolph, VT 63473 11,000 133 m (436 ft) C3 43°57′20.2″N 72°36′13.9″W / 43.955611°N 72.603861°W / 43.955611; -72.603861 (WVXR) October 25, 1982[81]
WVLR-FM 91.5 FM Lyndonville, VT 6123 3,000 −23 m (−75 ft) A 44°32′2.1″N 72°1′43.3″W / 44.533917°N 72.028694°W / 44.533917; -72.028694 (WVLR-FM) February 4, 1977[82]
W227CA 93.3 FM Rupert, VT 140093 10 129 m (423 ft) D 43°16′52.2″N 73°10′13.3″W / 43.281167°N 73.170361°W / 43.281167; -73.170361 (W227CA) —
W232CG 94.3 FM Brattleboro, VT 139889 150 — D 42°49′42.4″N 72°35′58.6″W / 42.828444°N 72.599611°W / 42.828444; -72.599611 (W232CG) —
W233BD 94.5 FM Burlington, VT[e] 139944 27 42.7 m (140 ft) D 44°21′29.3″N 73°14′48.1″W / 44.358139°N 73.246694°W / 44.358139; -73.246694 (W233BD) —
W243DT 96.5 FM Waterbury, VT 139911 250 — D 44°27′49.7″N 72°44′41.8″W / 44.463806°N 72.744944°W / 44.463806; -72.744944 (W243DT) —
W250CZ 97.9 FM South Bennington, VT 140091 120 1.7 m (6 ft) D 42°56′53.2″N 73°10′32.3″W / 42.948111°N 73.175639°W / 42.948111; -73.175639 (W250CZ) —
W256CW 99.1 FM Rutland, VT 139970 180 — D 43°39′31.2″N 73°6′23.4″W / 43.658667°N 73.106500°W / 43.658667; -73.106500 (W256CW) —
W258AZ 99.5 FM Newbury, VT 155335 10 114.5 m (376 ft) D 44°3′13.2″N 72°8′25.3″W / 44.053667°N 72.140361°W / 44.053667; -72.140361 (W258AZ) —
W258BZ 99.5 FM Montpelier, VT 139919 200 — D 44°15′22.1″N 72°35′4.1″W / 44.256139°N 72.584472°W / 44.256139; -72.584472 (W258BZ) —

Network maps

[edit]
Vermont Public is located in Vermont
W231BQ
W231BQ
W258AW
W258AW
W266AK
W266AK
W295AU
W295AU
W298DD
W298DD
WBTN-FM
WRVT
WRVT
WVBA
WVBA
WVPA
WVPA
WVPR
WVPR
WVPS
WVPS
class=notpageimage|
  • Vermont Public News transmitters
  • Full-power stations   Low-power translators
Vermont Public is located in Vermont
W227CA
W227CA
W232CG
W232CG
W233BD
W233BD
W243DT
W243DT
W250CZ
W250CZ
W256CW
W256CW
W258AZ
W258AZ
W258BZ
W258BZ
W280CS
W280CS
W295AL
W295AL
WNCH
WNCH
WOXM
             WOXR
             WOXR
WVER-FM
WVER-FM
WVNK
WVNK
WVTI
WVTI
WVTQ
WVXR
WVLR-FM
class=notpageimage|
  • Vermont Public Classical transmitters
  • Full-power stations   Low-power translators

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Vermont Public

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Vermont Public is an independent, community-supported public media organization serving the state of through radio, television, and digital platforms. It was established on July 1, 2021, via the merger of Vermont Public Radio and Vermont PBS, with the unified brand adopted in June 2022 to enhance financial sustainability and expand public service offerings. The organization provides and national programming alongside local award-winning , educational content, music broadcasts, arts coverage, and community events, aiming to inform, educate, and entertain audiences rooted in Vermont's context. Vermont Public operates multiple radio stations and television channels across the state, supported primarily by listener and viewer donations, with a mission to foster informed communities through trusted, relevant information. While recognized for strengthening local media amid declining traditional outlets, its public funding model has drawn scrutiny over potential taxpayer dependencies, though it emphasizes from influence.

History

Origins of Predecessor Organizations

Vermont Educational Television (Vermont ETV), the predecessor to Vermont PBS, was established as a service of the University of Vermont and commenced broadcasting on October 16, 1967. Initially focused on educational programming, it operated as a non-commercial public television network serving Vermont's rural population through a network of stations that expanded over time to cover the state. The initiative aligned with the broader expansion of public broadcasting following the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, which provided federal funding for such entities. Vermont Public Radio (VPR) originated in 1975 when a group of four Vermont residents convened to establish the state's first public radio station, overcoming skepticism from national experts who deemed Vermont's sparse, rural demographics insufficient for viability. The organization secured its initial FM license and began operations from studios in the historic Windsor House, a former hotel in Windsor, Vermont, launching broadcasts on WVPR-FM at 89.5 MHz on August 13, 1977. As the inaugural non-commercial public radio service in Vermont, VPR emphasized local news, classical music, and National Public Radio (NPR) affiliations to fill gaps in regional media access. These predecessor organizations developed independently for over four decades, with Vermont ETV evolving into Vermont Public Television by 1998 while maintaining its educational mandate, and VPR expanding its network of translators and affiliates to reach remote areas. Both relied on a mix of listener/viewer donations, state appropriations, and federal grants through the , reflecting the challenges of sustaining public media in a low-population state of approximately 643,000 residents as of 1977.

Merger and Unification in 2021

On September 9, 2020, the boards of directors of Public Radio (VPR) and Vermont Public Television () unanimously approved a merger to form a single public media organization, aiming to enhance financial and provide deeper statewide news and public affairs coverage amid declining traditional for public broadcasters. The planned integration sought to combine radio and television operations without immediate changes to programming or staff, while leveraging shared resources to address economic pressures facing nonprofit media entities in rural states like . Regulatory hurdles were cleared on December 10, 2020, when the organizations received approvals from the (IRS) for tax-exempt status continuity and from the (FCC) for license transfers, enabling the merger to proceed as scheduled. These approvals confirmed the structural unification, including the consolidation of , administration, and under one entity, while preserving independent editorial operations initially. The merger took effect on July 1, 2021, officially creating Vermont Public as the unified brand for the combined and radio services, with an annual operating budget of approximately $17.8 million and around 42 full-time staff members dedicated to expanded local . This consolidation positioned Vermont Public as the state's largest news organization, integrating VPR's radio network with Vermont PBS's broadcast stations to streamline content distribution and audience engagement across platforms.

Expansion and Recent Challenges Post-2021

Following the 2021 merger of Vermont Public Radio and Vermont PBS, Vermont Public pursued expansion in to broaden its reach and deepen local . In 2023, the organization hired April McCullum as digital editor, previously with the Burlington Free Press, and as director of digital strategy, formerly a senior editor at VTDigger, to enhance digital platforms with fact-based reporting and in-depth stories aimed at diverse audiences beyond traditional radio and television broadcasts. These hires supported post-merger goals of unified statewide service, including increased collaborations with local outlets such as VTDigger and Seven Days newspaper. In June 2022, the merged entity rebranded as Vermont Public to reflect its integrated public media mission. Leadership transitions included interim CEO Brendan Kinney from October 2023 after Scott Finn's departure, followed by the appointment of as permanent CEO in August 2024, drawing from his experience at CapRadio. Recent challenges have centered on financial pressures from federal funding reductions. In 2025, rescinded (CPB) funds, resulting in a projected $4 million loss for Vermont Public over two years, equivalent to approximately 10% of its budget, amid broader cuts to public media totaling $9 billion including foreign aid reallocations. On August 27, 2025, Vermont Public announced the elimination of 15 positions—comprising 13 layoffs of current employees, conversion of one full-time role to part-time, elimination of two vacant full-time positions, and conversion of one vacant full-time role to part-time—representing a 14% staff reduction to address a $2 million annual shortfall and ongoing uncertainty. The cuts are expected to save at least $1.5 million, with CEO stating that core programs would be preserved through role reallocations and additional cost measures, without large-scale programming reductions. These actions highlight vulnerabilities in public media's reliance on federal support, exacerbated by post-merger operational scaling.

Governance and Operations

Organizational Structure and Leadership

Vermont Public operates as a nonprofit public media organization governed by a volunteer Board of Directors, which holds the (FCC) broadcast licenses for its television and radio stations. The board oversees strategic direction, ensures alignment with the organization's mission of providing journalism and content, and meets regularly with provisions for public access except in sessions closed under (CPB) policies. Board members are selected based on their commitment to Vermont Public's goals and relevant expertise, serving without compensation. The board's officers include Chair Dennise R. Casey of South Burlington, Vice Chair Liz Miller of Burlington, Treasurer Michael Seaver of Burlington—who also serves as the Designated Compliance Officer for the organization's Whistleblower Policy—and Secretary Lane Pike Fury of Barre. Additional directors comprise Jennifer Herrera Condry (Brandon), Marguerite Dibble (Londonderry), Kerri Hoffman (Northfield), HB Lozito (Brattleboro), CD Mattison (Burlington), Travis Samuels (Barnet), Weiwei Wang (South Burlington), Alison Whritenour (Williston), Emilie Tenenbaum (Richmond), Christopher Loso (South Burlington), Becky Dayton (), and Barry Cohen (Tinmouth). Executive leadership is headed by Chief Executive Officer Vijay Singh, who assumed the role on October 1, 2024, following a national search. Singh, a public media veteran with prior experience as chief content and operating officer at CapRadio, succeeded Brendan Kinney, who had served as interim CEO since October 2023 after the departure of previous CEO Scott Finn. Kinney now holds the position of Chief Operating Officer, having previously served as Senior Vice President of Development. Under the CEO, senior vice presidents manage key areas such as content (e.g., Angela Evancie as Senior VP of Content) and development, supporting operations for a staff exceeding 100 employees and an annual budget approaching $20 million.

Funding Model and Financial Dependencies

Vermont Public maintains a funding model centered on community support, with the majority of its revenue sourced from individual memberships, local business sponsorships, and philanthropic grants from . The organization states that over 90% of its comes from these local private contributions, emphasizing its status as an independent, community-owned entity not reliant on universities or direct operational subsidies. More than 70% of total revenue is allocated to news, music, cultural, and educational programming. A notable portion of funding, approximately 10% or $2 million annually, derives from federal appropriations distributed through the (CPB), which supports public media stations nationwide, including those in rural regions like . This federal allocation, while a minority share, provides essential baseline stability for and content production amid limited markets. Financial dependencies became evident in 2025 when eliminated CPB funding, imposing a $2 million yearly shortfall on and triggering layoffs of 15 staff members—equating to 14% of its workforce—along with program reductions. Absent direct state funding from , the broadcaster's model heightens vulnerability to donor fluctuations and policy shifts in federal support, underscoring the challenges of sustaining media through diversified yet precarious private and grant-based streams.

Staff and Operational Scale

Vermont Public, formed by the 2021 merger of Vermont Public Radio and Vermont PBS, initially combined approximately 99 full-time employees from its predecessors into the state's largest news media organization, with an annual operating budget of nearly $20 million. This scale enabled statewide operations across radio, television, and digital platforms from its headquarters in . As of early 2025, the organization maintained around 107 staff members before implementing significant reductions in August 2025, prompted by a $2 million loss in federal funds. The cuts eliminated 15 positions and shifted two full-time roles to part-time, comprising 14% of the workforce and affecting nearly every department, including news reporting. Post-reduction, staffing fell to roughly 90 full-time equivalents, reflecting efforts to address ongoing financial pressures amid reliance on community donations, sponsorships, and foundations for over 70% of revenue. Operationally, Vermont Public sustains a modest but comprehensive footprint, via multiple FM radio stations, television channels, and online streams to cover Vermont's approximately 650,000 residents, with digital platforms reaching 1.14 million monthly users as of October 2024. In 2024 (July 2023–June 2024), 72% of its revenue—primarily from 38,859 members and supporters—directly funded programming, underscoring a lean model focused on , , and rather than expansive infrastructure. This structure positions it as Vermont's primary public media provider, though vulnerable to funding volatility as evidenced by the recent federal rescissions.

Television Operations

Historical Development

Vermont's dedicated originated with the launch of ( ETV) on October 16, 1967, initially operated as a service of the to provide statewide educational programming. The network began with four primary stations—WETK in Burlington, WVER-TV in , WVTB in Saint Johnsbury, and WVTA in Windsor—designed to ensure broad coverage across the state's rural terrain, drawing on federal funding from the and state support established by legislative act in 1966. Early programming emphasized instructional content for schools, local documentaries, and national feeds, reflecting the era's push for non-commercial educational broadcasting amid limited commercial TV penetration in . Ownership transitioned from the to the independent nonprofit Vermont ETV, Inc., enabling expanded operations decoupled from academic oversight. By 1997, the service introduced 24-hour programming, and on January 1, 1998, it rebranded as Vermont Public Television to broaden its appeal beyond strictly educational audiences. The full conversion to occurred on March 31, 2006, improving signal quality and enabling high-definition transmission across the network's stations. In May 2014, Vermont Public Television adopted the name to align with national branding and emphasize its multi-platform evolution, including online and initiatives. This period saw growth in local productions, such as historical series and regional news, supported by viewer donations and grants. On July 1, 2021, merged with Vermont Public Radio to form the unified organization, integrating television operations into a comprehensive public media entity while retaining PBS affiliation and dedicated TV infrastructure. The television service continued under this structure, with a full to in June 2022, streamlining identity across radio and TV.

Content and Programming

Vermont Public's television operations primarily distribute national programming, including daily news analysis such as PBS NewsHour, science documentaries like NOVA, nature series such as , and cultural dramas from Masterpiece Theatre. This national content forms the core of its broadcast schedule, supplemented by children's educational programming via and specials on history, arts, and public affairs. The schedule is structured to provide consistent access to these offerings across , with interactive listings available for viewers to plan viewings. Locally produced content emphasizes Vermont-specific news, issues, and culture, with the flagship program Vermont This Week airing Fridays at 7:00 p.m. This weekly , hosted by Mitch Wertlieb, features Vermont journalists debating key state news topics, such as policy developments and elections. Additional local programming includes the Made Here documentary series, which presents short films on regional themes, including profiles of Vermont women, rural heritage through initiatives like the 251 Club, and community stories produced by local filmmakers. Vermont Public also airs specials comprising in-studio productions and independently created documentaries focused on regional interests, such as Vermont history and environmental topics. These efforts aim to foster local engagement while integrating with PBS's broader mission, though production scale remains modest compared to national output, relying on collaborations and viewer contributions for funding. Original content is available on-demand via the Vermont Public Video platform, alongside national episodes.

Technical Infrastructure and Coverage

Vermont Public's television division maintains production studios in , where programming is produced and distributed following a headquarters relocation completed in March 2020. The supports digital over-the-air broadcasting in high definition, utilizing a network of full-power and low-power transmitters to deliver PBS-affiliated content. These facilities enable reception via digital antennas across , with signals extending into adjacent areas of New York, , , and Québec. The primary broadcast signals operate on five RF channels: UHF channels 20, 30, 33, and 46, alongside VHF channel 28, requiring compatible antennas for VHF reception in certain areas. Key full-power stations include WETK-TV (channel 33) licensed to Burlington, serving northern and central from a transmitter site providing broad regional coverage. Additional transmitters, such as those under call signs WVTB, WVER, WVTA, and low-power digital stations like W20EH-D and W30DM-D, fill gaps in southern and eastern , ensuring near-statewide accessibility despite the state's mountainous terrain. Signals are optimized for digital transmission post the 2009 DTV transition, with periodic rescans advised for viewers to maintain lock on multiplexed channels carrying main programming, Create, Kids, and feeds. Coverage maps indicate robust penetration within 's borders, supplemented by cable and carriage in border communities, though over-the-air signals weaken in remote valleys without line-of-sight to transmitters on elevated sites like or . The system relies on standard ATSC 1.0 modulation, with no reported adoption of as of 2025, prioritizing reliable statewide service over advanced features. This setup supports 's mandate for public educational broadcasting, reaching approximately 650,000 residents through combined broadcast and multichannel video programming distributor availability.

Radio Operations

Historical Development

Vermont's dedicated originated with the launch of Vermont Educational Television (Vermont ETV) on October 16, 1967, initially operated as a service of the to provide statewide educational programming. The network began with four primary stations—WETK in Burlington, WVER-TV in , WVTB in Saint Johnsbury, and WVTA in Windsor—designed to ensure broad coverage across the state's rural terrain, drawing on federal funding from the and state support established by legislative act in 1966. Early programming emphasized instructional content for schools, local documentaries, and national feeds, reflecting the era's push for non-commercial educational broadcasting amid limited commercial TV penetration in . Ownership transitioned from the to the independent nonprofit Vermont ETV, Inc., enabling expanded operations decoupled from academic oversight. By 1997, the service introduced 24-hour programming, and on January 1, 1998, it rebranded as Vermont Public Television to broaden its appeal beyond strictly educational audiences. The full conversion to digital broadcasting occurred on March 31, 2006, improving signal quality and enabling high-definition transmission across the network's stations. In May 2014, Vermont Public Television adopted the name to align with national branding and emphasize its multi-platform evolution, including online and initiatives. This period saw growth in local productions, such as historical series and regional news, supported by viewer donations and grants. On July 1, 2021, merged with Vermont Public Radio to form the unified organization, integrating television operations into a comprehensive public media entity while retaining PBS affiliation and dedicated TV infrastructure. The television service continued under this structure, with a full to in June 2022, streamlining identity across radio and TV.

Content and Programming

Vermont Public's television operations primarily distribute national programming, including daily news analysis such as PBS NewsHour, science documentaries like NOVA, nature series such as , and cultural dramas from Masterpiece Theatre. This national content forms the core of its broadcast schedule, supplemented by children's educational programming via and specials on history, arts, and public affairs. The schedule is structured to provide consistent access to these offerings across , with interactive listings available for viewers to plan viewings. Locally produced content emphasizes Vermont-specific news, issues, and culture, with the flagship program Vermont This Week airing Fridays at 7:00 p.m. This weekly , hosted by Mitch Wertlieb, features Vermont journalists debating key state news topics, such as policy developments and elections. Additional local programming includes the Made Here documentary series, which presents short films on regional themes, including profiles of Vermont women, rural heritage through initiatives like the 251 Club, and community stories produced by local filmmakers. Vermont Public also airs specials comprising in-studio productions and independently created documentaries focused on regional interests, such as Vermont history and environmental topics. These efforts aim to foster local engagement while integrating with PBS's broader mission, though production scale remains modest compared to national output, relying on collaborations and viewer contributions for funding. Original content is available on-demand via the Vermont Public Video platform, alongside national episodes.

Technical Infrastructure and Coverage

Vermont Public's television division maintains production studios in , where programming is produced and distributed following a headquarters relocation completed in March 2020. The infrastructure supports digital over-the-air broadcasting in high definition, utilizing a network of full-power and low-power transmitters to deliver PBS-affiliated content. These facilities enable reception via digital antennas across , with signals extending into adjacent areas of New York, , , and Québec. The primary broadcast signals operate on five RF channels: UHF channels 20, 30, 33, and 46, alongside VHF channel 28, requiring compatible antennas for VHF reception in certain areas. Key full-power stations include WETK-TV (channel 33) licensed to Burlington, serving northern and central from a transmitter site providing broad regional coverage. Additional transmitters, such as those under call signs WVTB, WVER, WVTA, and low-power digital stations like W20EH-D and W30DM-D, fill gaps in southern and eastern , ensuring near-statewide accessibility despite the state's mountainous terrain. Signals are optimized for digital transmission post the 2009 DTV transition, with periodic rescans advised for viewers to maintain lock on multiplexed channels carrying main programming, Create, Kids, and feeds. Coverage maps indicate robust penetration within 's borders, supplemented by cable and carriage in border communities, though over-the-air signals weaken in remote valleys without line-of-sight to transmitters on elevated sites like or . The system relies on standard ATSC 1.0 modulation, with no reported adoption of as of 2025, prioritizing reliable statewide service over advanced features. This setup supports 's mandate for public educational broadcasting, reaching approximately 650,000 residents through combined broadcast and multichannel video programming distributor availability.

Controversies and Criticisms

Allegations of Political Bias

Vermont Public, as a primary affiliate of National Public Radio () and Public Broadcasting Service (), has faced indirect allegations of through criticisms leveled at these national networks, which supply a significant portion of its syndicated programming. Former President and Republican lawmakers have repeatedly accused and of exhibiting left-wing bias in news and cultural content, claims that encompass local affiliates like Vermont Public due to their reliance on federal funding via the (). In June 2025, amid proposed nationwide cuts to public media funding, Vermont Public was specifically referenced in discussions of this perceived liberal slant, with critics arguing that its airing of and shows contributes to ideologically slanted coverage despite local production efforts. These national-level accusations gained traction during a March 2025 House Oversight Committee hearing, where and executives defended against Republican queries on ideological , including uneven coverage of political events and cultural programming that allegedly favors progressive viewpoints. Vermont Public's programming, which includes locally produced content alongside national feeds, has not been the subject of prominent standalone bias investigations or scandals, but its operational ties—receiving about 10-15% of budget from CPB grants supporting /PBS distribution—have drawn it into the broader debate. Defenders, including public media leaders, counter that such claims overlook rigorous editorial standards and diverse sourcing, though empirical analyses of coverage, such as those by , have documented higher rates of negative framing for conservative figures compared to liberals. In response to these discussions, Vermont Public's interim CEO addressed NPR's editorial integrity in a May 2024 statement, affirming a commitment to challenging the while making space for "uncomfortable but necessary conversations" on bias perceptions, without conceding systemic issues. Local critics in , a state with strong Democratic leanings (e.g., 66% voted for Biden in ), have occasionally raised concerns about one-sided reporting on issues like or , but these remain anecdotal and unverified by independent audits, contrasting with more substantiated national critiques of public broadcasting's funding-insulated echo of academic and media establishment views. No peer-reviewed studies specifically auditing Vermont Public's output for were identified, though its policies emphasize fairness in controversial matters, striving for multiple perspectives.

Funding and Independence Debates

Vermont Public derives the majority of its revenue from individual memberships, philanthropic contributions, local business sponsorships, and foundations, accounting for over 90% of its funding from community sources. Federal support through the (CPB) constitutes approximately 10% of its annual budget, equating to about $2 million, which funds operations including , emergency alerts, and infrastructure in rural areas. State appropriations and other grants play a minor role, with the organization emphasizing its community-owned structure, independent of universities or government agencies, to maintain operational autonomy. Debates over funding and independence center on whether taxpayer-supported allocations, even at low levels, undermine . Critics contend that public funding fosters dependency and subtle pressures toward alignment with prevailing institutional views, particularly given empirical patterns of left-leaning coverage in national public media outlets, which some attribute to shared cultural and ideological incentives within ecosystems. In Public's case, this has manifested in accusations of liberal bias, prompting internal reflections on audience perceptions of slant in reporting. Proponents of the model, including Vermont Public leadership, argue that CPB grants serve as a firewall against commercial or partisan influence, as mandated by the , enabling coverage of under-served topics without advertiser-driven constraints. They highlight the organization's diversified revenue as evidence of resilience, with federal cuts in 2025 projected to strain but not collapse operations, underscoring reliance on private support for true independence. These tensions reflect broader causal concerns: government subsidies may inadvertently select for content that avoids challenging funders' priorities, while defunding risks amplifying market-driven echo chambers. Empirical data on media's funding mix shows Public's lower federal dependence compared to rural peers, potentially buffering it against such risks, yet critics maintain any public stake invites accountability debates over perceived imbalances in viewpoint representation.

Response to 2025 Federal Cuts

In July 2025, the U.S. passed the Rescissions Act of 2025, rescinding approximately $1.1 billion in advance appropriations to the (CPB) for fiscal years 2026 and 2027, effectively eliminating federal funding for public media outlets during that period. This action resulted in an estimated annual loss of $2 million for Vermont Public, representing about 10% of its operating budget and commencing October 1, 2025. Vermont Public responded by implementing significant staff reductions on August 27, 2025, eliminating 15 full-time positions and converting two others to part-time roles to address the resulting budget shortfall. CEO attributed these measures directly to the congressional cuts approved in mid-July, stating that the organization had exhausted other cost-saving options such as voluntary buyouts and operational efficiencies prior to resorting to layoffs. To mitigate the financial impact, Vermont Public launched an intensified fundraising appeal to listeners and donors, raising over $1 million in contributions from thousands of supporters in the weeks following the federal rescission announcement. emphasized reliance on public donations as a core funding mechanism, noting that the response from the community demonstrated strong local commitment to sustaining independent journalism amid diminished federal support. The cuts exacerbated challenges for rural public broadcasters like Vermont Public, which depend heavily on CPB grants to maintain statewide coverage in underserved areas. While state lawmakers discussed broader strategies to offset federal reductions—including potential state appropriations for affected programs—no specific additional state was allocated to Vermont Public as of late 2025. The organization continued operations with a reduced , prioritizing core programming and local reporting.

Impact and Reception

Public Service Achievements

Vermont Public has demonstrated through extensive emergency broadcasting, particularly during the catastrophic 2023 floods that affected central and eastern , delivering 9-14 inches of rain in 48 hours and causing widespread infrastructure damage. The organization provided continuous real-time updates on evacuations, road closures, and safety protocols across radio, television, , , and on-demand platforms, including rebroadcasts of state press conferences in partnership with the Governor's office and . This coverage reached over 180,000 radio listeners, 100,000 television viewers, 274,000 visitors, and 270,000 users between 9-15, 2023, with local entities like the Health Network referring clients to its resources for recovery guidance, such as safe re-entry into flooded homes. Additionally, Vermont Public raised nearly $900,000 through a fund drive with the to support victims' recovery efforts. In , Vermont Public has earned recognition for reporting that informs and , exemplified by the 2016 Jack Barry Award for the "State of Recovery" series, which highlighted personal stories of opioid addiction recovery amid Vermont's , where overdose deaths peaked at 135 in 2016. Earlier, the 2005 Gabriel Award honored "Vermont Reads: " for elevating awareness of abuses through literary discussion, and the 2009 My Source Community Impact Awards commended innovative local programming fostering . These efforts align with its role as and affiliate, prioritizing underserved rural audiences with fact-based coverage of state issues like and disaster resilience. The broadcaster's commitment extends to educational and social programming, such as the 2014 Gracie Award-winning "Intimate Portraits of Opiate Addiction and Recovery," which featured in-depth interviews amplifying recovery narratives during a crisis that saw Vermont's prescriptions exceed national averages. In 2024, it secured a National Award in "Excellence in Innovation" for coverage, blending science education with statewide accessibility, and four national awards from the Public Media Journalists Association for features on environmental and topics. Regional Murrow honors in 2024 for 2023 further underscore consistent excellence in serving Vermont's information needs, with listener polls like the Seven Daysie naming it Best Radio Station for 10 consecutive years through 2017.

Audience Reach and Metrics

Vermont Public reports a total monthly reach of 1.14 million individuals across its radio broadcasts, television programming, website, podcasts, and other digital platforms as of October 2024, encompassing both local and national content distribution. This figure, derived from for radio, Nielsen Local TV View for television, and analytics from , , , and , reflects broad engagement in a state with a of approximately 647,000. The organization's high audience penetration exceeds many comparable public media entities, supporting its role in delivering and content statewide. In the Burlington-South Burlington radio market, Vermont Public's affiliated public radio stations achieve an 8.5% audience share among persons aged 12 and older, per Nielsen Audio's July 2025 ratings survey, indicating strong local listenership during average quarter-hour periods. Earlier data from Vermont Public Radio, prior to the 2021 merger with Vermont PBS, indicated over 200,000 weekly listeners, underscoring sustained radio engagement. Television metrics show Vermont PBS, now integrated into Vermont Public, historically reached more than 140,000 weekly U.S. viewers via its main channel, according to a Nielsen survey cited in state legislative documents around 2014. More recent digital extensions include PBS LearningMedia resources engaging 12,544 educators in fiscal year 2024 (July 2023–June 2024), highlighting educational outreach beyond traditional broadcasting. Specific content, such as a 2024 TV special, garnered over 35,000 views on and PBS platforms.

Broader Role in Vermont Media Landscape

Vermont Public operates as Vermont's primary public media organization, unifying National Public Radio (NPR) and Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) affiliations with extensive local journalism, educational programming, and cultural content delivered via radio, television, and digital platforms. In a state with a sparse commercial media footprint—dominated by a handful of newspapers like the Burlington Free Press and VTDigger, alongside limited urban TV stations in Burlington—Vermont Public's network of over 20 radio and TV transmitters ensures near-statewide coverage, particularly in remote rural regions where private outlets often under-serve due to low advertising revenue potential. This infrastructure positions it as a critical complement to commercial and independent media, filling gaps in consistent, non-profit-driven reporting on local governance, environmental policy, and community events. The organization's emphasis on in-depth, place-based stories addresses Vermont's unique media challenges, including the decline of community newspapers and the need for reliable information in a predominantly rural of about 650,000. During crises, such as the 2023 floods that affected over 40 towns, Vermont Public delivered real-time updates, broadcasted official briefings, and disseminated recovery resources across multiple channels, underscoring its role in public safety and communication where commercial broadcasters may prioritize profitability over sustained coverage. Community engagement initiatives, including live events and digital expansions, further integrate it into the ecosystem, collaborating with outlets like Seven Days and the Vermont Press Association to amplify underrepresented voices in arts, agriculture, and . Within broader efforts to sustain local news, Vermont Public participates in coalitions like Press Forward Vermont, a 2024 initiative backed by the to fund journalism amid federal and philanthropic shifts, reinforcing its function as a stabilizer in a fragmented landscape vulnerable to consolidation and digital disruption. Observers, including media analysts, highlight its imperative status alongside community print media for preserving Vermont's informed electorate, especially on state-specific issues like Act 250 reforms and climate adaptation, where objective, fact-based analysis counters in for-profit alternatives.

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  76. https://givefreely.com/charity-directory/nonprofit/ein-030259051/
  77. https://ljfo.vermont.gov/assets/docs/appropriations/fy_2014/8917198476/VPT-Performance-Overview.pdf
  78. https://schubart.com/the-2020-vermont-media-landscape/
  79. https://current.org/2024/09/how-vermont-public-is-creating-community-picnics-to-engage-its-audience/
  80. https://www.sevendaysvt.com/news/paula-routly-convening-the-new-vermont-journalism-coalition-43895145/
  81. https://vermontcf.org/news/press-forward-vermont/
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