-ine

-ine is a suffix used in chemistry to denote two kinds of substance. The first is a chemically basic and alkaloidal substance. It was proposed by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in an editorial accompanying a paper by Friedrich Sertürner describing the isolation of the alkaloid "morphium", which was subsequently renamed to "morphine".^[1] Examples include quinine, morphine and guanidine.^[2] The second usage is to denote a hydrocarbon of the second degree of unsaturation. Examples include hexine and heptine.^[2] With simple hydrocarbons, this usage is identical to the IUPAC suffix -yne. A third usage is used for pnictogen hydrides e.g. phosphine, arsine etc.

In common and literary adjectives (e.g. asinine, canine, feline, ursine), the suffix is usually pronounced /aɪn/ or in some words alternatively /ɪn/. For demonyms (e.g. Levantine, Byzantine, Argentine) it is usually /aɪn/ or /iːn/. But in chemistry, it is usually pronounced /iːn/ or /ɪn/ depending on the word it appears in and the accent of the speaker. In a few words (for example, quinine, iodine and strychnine), the /aɪn/ sound is normal in some accents. Gasoline ends with /iːn/; glycerine more often with /ɪn/ than with /iːn/. In caffeine, the suffix has merged with the e in the root, for stressed /ˈiːn/; in gasoline and margarine as well the suffix is stressed by some people.

Some elements of the periodic table (namely the halogens, in the Group 17) have this suffix: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At), ending which was continued in the artificially created tennessine (Ts).

The suffix -in (/ɪn/) is etymologically related and overlaps in usage with -ine. Many proteins and lipids have names ending with -in: for example, the enzymes pepsin and trypsin, the hormones insulin and gastrin, and the lipids stearin (stearine) and olein.

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