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from Wikipedia
| Years |
|---|
| Millennium |
| 1st millennium |
| Centuries |
| Decades |
| Years |
| 893 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Categories |
| Gregorian calendar | 893 DCCCXCIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1646 |
| Armenian calendar | 342 ԹՎ ՅԽԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5643 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 814–815 |
| Bengali calendar | 299–300 |
| Berber calendar | 1843 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1437 |
| Burmese calendar | 255 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6401–6402 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬子年 (Water Rat) 3590 or 3383 — to — 癸丑年 (Water Ox) 3591 or 3384 |
| Coptic calendar | 609–610 |
| Discordian calendar | 2059 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 885–886 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4653–4654 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 949–950 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 814–815 |
| - Kali Yuga | 3993–3994 |
| Holocene calendar | 10893 |
| Iranian calendar | 271–272 |
| Islamic calendar | 279–280 |
| Japanese calendar | Kanpyō 5 (寛平５年) |
| Javanese calendar | 791–792 |
| Julian calendar | 893 DCCCXCIII |
| Korean calendar | 3226 |
| Minguo calendar | 1019 before ROC 民前1019年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −575 |
| Seleucid era | 1204/1205 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1435–1436 |
| Tibetan calendar | ཆུ་ཕོ་བྱི་བ་ལོ་ (male Water-Rat) 1019 or 638 or −134 — to — ཆུ་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Water-Ox) 1020 or 639 or −133 |
Year 893 (DCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]By place
[edit]Europe
[edit]- Vladimir, ruler (khan) of the Bulgarian Empire, is dethroned by his father Boris I, with help from loyal boyars. He is blinded, and succeeded by his brother Simeon I, as prince of Bulgaria; the capital is moved from Pliska to Preslav. Simeon makes an alliance with the Pechenegs (or Patzinaks), a semi-nomad Turkic tribe from the Central Asian steppes.[1]
- An East Frankish expeditionary force under Zwentibold, the eldest son of King Arnulf of Carinthia, crosses the Alps into Friuli. He makes junction at Verona, with the army of the deposed king Berengar I, and proceeds to lay siege to Pavia. After a three-month campaign, Zwentibold receives orders to head back to Bavaria, in case of a Magyar intervention.
- The 13-year-old Charles III (the Simple), the posthumous son of Louis the Stammerer, is crowned king of the West Frankish Kingdom at the Reims Cathedral—though he is not recognized as such by King Odo (or Eudes) until 898.[2]
- King Alfonso III repopulates the city of Zamora with Mozarabs (Iberian Christians who have lived under Moorish rule) from Toledo in Al-Andalus (modern Spain).
- Galindo II Aznárez succeeds his father Aznar II Galíndez as count of Aragon (until 922).
Britain
[edit]- Spring – Prince Edward, the son of King Alfred the Great, defeats the Danish Viking raiders at Farnham, and forces them to take refuge on Thorney Island. At the same time, Danes from East Anglia sail around the Cornish coast, and besiege Exeter.[3]
- Spring – A Viking army under Hastein moves to a fortified camp at Benfleet (Essex). The Danish camp is captured by the Saxons, while the army is out raiding. Hastein is forced to retreat to Shoebury.[4]
- Summer – Battle of Buttington: A combined Welsh and Mercian army under Lord Æthelred besieges a Viking camp at Buttington in Wales. The Danes escape with heavy losses, and take their families to safety in East Anglia.[5]
- Autumn – Danish Vikings under Hastein take the city of Chester, after a rapid march from East Anglia. Alfred the Great destroys the food supplies, forcing them to move into Wales.[6]
- Asser, bishop of Sherborne, writes his Life of King Alfred in Wessex. He studies for 6 months each year in Alfred's household.
Arabian Empire
[edit]- Spring – Caliph Al-Mu'tadid recognizes Khumarawayh as autonomous emir over Egypt and Syria, in exchange for an annual tribute of 300,000 dinars. The Jazira provinces of Diyar Rabi'a and Diyar Mudar are returned to the Abbasid Caliphate. Muslim forces recover direct control of Mosul (modern Iraq) from the Shayban.[7]
Eurasia
[edit]- March 23 – 893 Ardabil earthquake. Several earthquake catalogues and historical sources describe this earthquake as a destructive earthquake that struck the city of Ardabil, Iran. The magnitude is unknown, but the death toll was reported to be very large. The USGS, in their "List of Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths", give an estimate that 150,000 were killed, which would make it the ninth deadliest earthquake in history.[8]
- December 28 – An earthquake destroys the city of Dvin in Armenia.
By topic
[edit]Religion
[edit]- Council of Preslav: The Byzantine clergy is expelled from Bulgaria, and the Greek language is replaced with Old Bulgarian (also known as Old Church Slavonic), as an official language.
- King Yasovarman I (called the Leper King) of the Khmer Empire (modern Cambodia) dedicates the Lolei Temple of the Roluos group to the god Shiva and the royal family.[9]
Births
[edit]- Abu Muhammad al-Hasan, Arab Muslim geographer (d. 945)
- Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate (d. 946)
- Chen Jinfeng, empress consort of Wang Yanjun (d. 935)
- Cunigunda, Frankish noblewoman (approximate date)
- Flodoard, Frankish canon and chronicler (or 894)
- Hamza al-Isfahani, Persian historian (approximate date)
- Li Hao, Chinese official and chancellor (approximate date)
- Louis the Child, king of the East Frankish Kingdom (d. 911)
- Ulrich (or Odalrici), bishop of Augsburg (d. 973)
- William I (Longsword), duke of Normandy (approximate date)
- Wu Cheng, Chinese politician and chancellor (d. 965)
Deaths
[edit]- April 26 – Chen Jingxuan, general of the Tang dynasty
- May 9 – Shi Pu, warlord of the Tang dynasty
- May 18 – Stephen I, patriarch of Constantinople (b. 867)
- September 18 – Zhang Xiong, Chinese warlord
- December 26 – Masrur al-Balkhi, Muslim general
- Ariwara no Yukihira, Japanese governor (b. 818)
- Aznar II Galíndez, count of Aragon (Spain)
- Bécc mac Airemóin, king of Ulaid (Ireland)
- Du Rangneng, Chinese chancellor (b. 841)
- Li Kuangwei, warlord of the Tang dynasty
- Padla I of Kakheti, Georgian prince
- Photius I, patriarch of Constantinople (approximate date)
- Theodard, archbishop of Narbonne (approximate date)
- Theophano Martiniake, Byzantine empress
- Tian Lingzi, Chinese eunuch commander
- Zhou Yue, Chinese warlord and governor
References
[edit]- ^ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1991) [1983]. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. p. 130. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
- ^ Michel Parisse, "Lotharingia", The New Cambridge Medieval History, III: c. 900–c. 1024, ed. Timothy Reuter (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 313–315.
- ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 124–125. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
- ^ John Haywood (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vikings, pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
- ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, pp. 128–130. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
- ^ John Haywood (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vikings, pp. 66–67. ISBN 978-0-140-51328-8.
- ^ Bianquis 1998, pp. 105–106.
- ^ "Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths". Earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on September 1, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
- ^ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
Sources
[edit]- Bianquis, Thierry (1998). "Autonomous Egypt from Ibn Ṭūlūn to Kāfūr, 868–969". In Petry, Carl F. (ed.). Cambridge History of Egypt, Volume One: Islamic Egypt, 640–1517. Cambridge University Press. pp. 86–119. ISBN 0-521-47137-0.
from Grokipedia
Events
Continental Europe
In 893, Bulgarian ruler Vladimir, son of Boris I, was dethroned by his father, who had returned from monastic retirement to suppress Vladimir's pagan revival efforts and enforce Christianity; Vladimir was subsequently blinded as punishment. Boris I then installed his second son, Simeon I, as the new ruler, marking a dynastic shift toward stronger ties with the Byzantine Empire. Under Simeon, the Bulgarian capital was relocated from Pliska to Preslav, enhancing administrative centralization and cultural alignment with Byzantine influences. Simeon also forged an alliance with the Pechenegs, nomadic Turkic tribes, to counter threats from the Magyars and Byzantines, bolstering Bulgaria's eastern frontier security. Charles III, known as the Simple, was crowned king of the West Franks on 28 January 893 at Reims Cathedral, succeeding his half-brother Carloman II amid factional disputes; at age 14, his recognition was delayed by rival claims from figures like Odo, count of Paris, reflecting ongoing Carolingian fragmentation. In the Iberian Peninsula, King Alfonso III of Asturias ordered the repopulation of Zamora with Mozarabs—Christians from Muslim-controlled Al-Andalus—strengthening Christian footholds in reconquered territories through migration and settlement incentives. Concurrently, Galindo II Aznárez succeeded his father Aznar II as count of Aragon, consolidating Navarrese-Aragonese ties within the emerging Christian principalities resisting Umayyad expansion.British Isles
In spring 893, Edward, son of King Alfred the Great, led West Saxon forces to defeat a Danish Viking raiding party at Farnham in Surrey, forcing the survivors to seek refuge on Thorney Island in the Thames, where they were subsequently besieged and many slain or captured. Concurrently, East Anglian Danes under a separate Viking contingent laid siege to Exeter, though this assault was ultimately repelled by local defenses. These engagements exemplified the persistent Viking strategy of rapid coastal raids and inland probing, countered by Alfred's fortified burh system, which enabled swift Anglo-Saxon mobilization and logistical denial. By early summer, the Viking leader Hastein (or Hæsten) established a fortified camp at Benfleet in Essex, from which he coordinated further depredations, but West Saxon and Mercian forces under Odda, ealdorman of Devon, captured and burned the site, seizing ships and captives, prompting Hastein's remnants to retreat to Shoebury. Later that season, a larger Welsh-Mercian army commanded by Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians, and Æthelflæd, his wife, besieged a Viking encampment at Buttington near the Welsh border, enduring a prolonged standoff until starvation and disease decimated the Danes, who fled eastward to East Anglia with heavy losses estimated in the hundreds. This victory highlighted the effectiveness of coordinated Anglo-Saxon and Welsh alliances in attritional warfare against Viking bases. In autumn, Hastein captured Chester, aiming to use it as a base for Irish Sea operations, but King Alfred preemptively destroyed regional supplies and fortifications, compelling the Vikings to abandon the site and relocate to Wales by winter. These events, chronicled in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, underscore the defensive resilience built under Alfred's reforms, shifting Viking tactics from conquest to survival amid sustained pressure. During this period, Asser, a Welsh bishop in Alfred's court, completed his Life of King Alfred, providing a contemporary hagiographic account of the king's strategies and piety, though biased toward panegyric, it corroborates Chronicle details on military adaptations.Middle East and North Africa
In spring 893, Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tadid formally recognized Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun as the autonomous emir governing Egypt and Syria, thereby confirming Tulunid authority over these territories in return for an annual tribute payment of 300,000 dinars to the caliphal treasury.[1] This diplomatic accord resolved prolonged tensions stemming from Tulunid assertions of independence since Ahmad ibn Tulun's tenure, while securing fiscal inflows to Baghdad without immediate military confrontation.[2] Concurrently, Abbasid forces reasserted central authority in northern Mesopotamia by reclaiming the Jazira provinces of Diyar Rabi'a and Diyar Mudar, regions that had slipped from direct caliphal oversight amid local power struggles. These districts, encompassing key areas along the upper Euphrates and Tigris, bolstered Abbasid strategic depth against potential incursions from Byzantine or internal dissidents. Further consolidating control, Abbasid troops under al-Mu'tadid's command captured Mosul from the Banu Shayban tribe in 893, exploiting divisions among Kharijite factions to restore direct administration over this vital Iraqi city and its environs. This recovery neutralized a persistent tribal challenge in the Sawad and Jazira borderlands, enhancing caliphal revenue from agriculture and trade routes.Asia
In 893, Khmer King Yasovarman I (reigned c. 889–910) dedicated the Lolei Temple at the ancient capital of Hariharalaya (near modern Roluos, Cambodia) to the Hindu deity Shiva and his royal ancestors, marking a key moment in the empire's Shaivite temple-building tradition.[3] The complex comprises four brick towers on a single platform, with surviving Sanskrit inscriptions recording the consecration ceremony spanning two nights beginning July 11, 893, as per lunar calendar correlations from Khmer epigraphy.[3] Archaeological excavations reveal the site's integration of hydraulic engineering, including surrounding barays (reservoirs), underscoring the temple's role in ritual water management and devaraja (god-king) cult practices central to Khmer kingship.[4]Natural Disasters and Phenomena
An earthquake of magnitude approximately 6 struck the city of Dvin in Armenia on December 28, 893, at around midnight, causing widespread destruction including the collapse of houses, palaces, and mosques.[5][6] The epicenter was located in the Ararat region, with maximum intensity reaching IX on the Mercalli scale, leading to the near-total ruin of Dvin, then a major urban center with around 100,000 inhabitants.[6] Historical records, including Arabic chronicles, estimate casualties at 20,000 to 70,000, with 30,000 commonly cited based on contemporary accounts of the devastation.[5] Claims of a separate March 23 earthquake in Ardabil, Iran, with 150,000 deaths—as listed in some earthquake catalogs including early USGS compilations—stem from misreadings of Armenian sources referring to the Dvin event, where the Arabic name "Dabil" for Dvin was confused with Ardabil.[7] Geological and historical analysis regards the Ardabil attribution as erroneous, with no independent evidence supporting a distinct major seismic event there in 893.[7] No other significant natural disasters or phenomena, such as floods or volcanic activity, are reliably recorded for 893 in the region.[5]Significant Individuals
Births
Louis the Child, born circa September or October 893 in Altötting, Bavaria, was the son of King Arnulf of Carinthia and later ruled as the final Carolingian king of East Francia from 900 until his death in 911. Æthelstan, born circa 893 or 894, succeeded his father Edward the Elder as king of the Anglo-Saxons in 924 and unified England as its first king by 927.[8] Abu Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdani, born in 893 in Sana'a, Yemen, was an Arab Muslim scholar renowned for his contributions to geography, poetry, grammar, history, and astronomy, including detailed works on Yemeni topography and ethnography.[9] Flodoard, born in 893 or 894 near Épernay, France, served as a priest and chronicler at Reims, authoring key annals documenting West Frankish political and ecclesiastical events from 919 to 966.[10] William Longsword, born circa 893, succeeded his father Rollo as count of Rouen and laid foundations for the Duchy of Normandy through military campaigns and Christian alliances until his assassination in 942.Deaths
- April 26: Chen Jingxuan, Tang dynasty general who controlled Xichuan Circuit (modern Sichuan), died after surrendering Chengdu to the rebel forces led by Wang Jian.[11]
- May 9: Shi Pu, warlord and military governor of Ganhua Circuit (headquartered in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), died.[12]
- May 18: Stephen I, patriarch of Constantinople (served 886–893), known for his piety amid Byzantine ecclesiastical disputes, died at age 25.[13]
- September 18: Zhang Xiong, Chinese military general and prefect who controlled forces in modern Hebei from 886 onward, died; succeeded by Feng Hongduo.[14]
- December 26: Masrur al-Balkhi, senior Abbasid military officer involved in late-9th-century campaigns, died.[15]
- c. 891–893: Photius I, patriarch of Constantinople (served 858–867 and 877–886), influential scholar and theologian in Byzantine Empire, died after deposition.[16][17]
- c. 893: Aznar II Galíndez, count of Aragon (r. 867–893), died; his succession marked shifts in early medieval Iberian polities.
- 893: Tian Lingzi, powerful eunuch commander under Emperor Xizong of Tang, died alongside Chen Jingxuan after the fall of Chengdu.[11]
References
- https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7495913