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Albert Andrew Schmid (20 October 1920 – 1 December 1982) was a United States Marine awarded the Navy Cross for his heroism at the Battle of the Tenaru (Ilu River) during the Guadalcanal campaign in World War II. Credited with killing over 200 Japanese attackers during a night-long assault, he was blinded in action by a grenade blast and endured multiple surgeries and extended rehabilitation upon his return to the United States

Key Information

His life story appeared in the American news magazines of the time,[1] the book Al Schmid, Marine by Roger Butterfield, and the 1945 film Pride of the Marines, in which he was played by American actor John Garfield.

Early life

[edit]

Albert Andrew Schmid was born in the Burholme neighborhood of Philadelphia, the second son and third child of Adolph and Marian Schmid who both came from Germany to Philadelphia in the early 1880s. His father worked as a truck driver and baker. His mother died around 1932, and his father remarried in 1934. Albert (Al) moved out around 1938, eventually becoming an apprentice steel burner at the Dodge Steel Company in Philadelphia in 1940.

World War II

[edit]

Schmid enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on December 9, 1941, after hearing on the radio of the December 7 attack on Pearl Harbor. He received recruit training at Parris Island, South Carolina, and further training at New River, North Carolina, where he was assigned to the 11th Machine Gun Squad, Company H, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division. While on leave, he used a $60 bonus (equivalent to $1,180 in 2025) from his employer to purchase an engagement ring for his girlfriend Ruth Hartley, a salesgirl he first met in May 1941.

The 1st Marines landed on Guadalcanal on August 7, 1942, the largest Marine force ever engaged in landing operations up to that time and first American offensive against the Japanese. Schmid, a private, was assigned as an assistant gunner/loader of a three-man crew manning a M1917A1 Browning heavy machine gun (water cooled, 30 caliber)[2] led by the crew's commander Corporal Leroy Diamond, with Private First Class Johnny Rivers as gunner.[1] Schmid refused medical treatment for a serious foot infection in order to remain in combat with his team and fellow Marines.[3]

On the night of August 21, an assault force of 800 Japanese crack infantry troops sent from Rabaul on August 18 under the command of Japanese Colonel Kiyonao Ichiki attempted to break through the 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines's perimeter and recapture the hotly contested Henderson Field airstrip. To reach it, Ichiki's infantry regiment had to cross the Ilu River. Cpl. Diamond's team was entrenched and posted on its west bank.

The Japanese attack began under the light of flares at 3:00 am. Part way into the assault, Pfc. Rivers was killed. Pvt. Schmid took over the gun and fired it for over four hours. As the assault progressed, Diamond was seriously wounded in the arm, and several bullets hit and shredded the Browning's water jacket. Guided by Cpl. Diamond's fire direction, Schmid kept shooting the gun by himself and loading 250-round belts of ammunition with and without help. Utilizing short bursts to avoid overheating and jamming, Schmid kept firing the machine gun even though it glowed red hot.[1] Ultimately, a crawling Japanese soldier threw a grenade into their machine gun position, wounding Schmid in the shoulder, arm, hand, and face.

In spite of being blinded by the blast, Schmid resumed manning the gun, both firing and replacing ammunition belts in response to physical and verbal cues from Diamond as the Japanese continued to pour across the Ilu firing their weapons at the gun emplacement covered by a sniper firing from a tree across the river.

The next morning, over 200 dead Japanese were counted in front of Schmid's position.[4] Only 15 of the original attackers survived the assault, a solitary soldier among the 800 escaping unwounded. Colonel Ichiki committed suicide.

Schmid subsequently returned stateside for treatment of his wounds at the San Diego Naval Hospital. On January 18, 1943, he arrived home in Philadelphia.[5] On April 10, 1943, the city turned out in a massive parade to honor their hometown hero.[6]

[edit]

All three Marines—Rivers, Diamond, and Schmid—were awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism, Schmid receiving his medal at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on February 18, 1943. He was also promoted to corporal (he was later promoted to sergeant).[1]

  • Service: Marine Corps
  • Rank: Private
  • Battalion: 2d Battalion
  • Division: 1st Marine Division

Citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Private Albert Andrew Schmid (MCSN: 350951), United States Marine Corps Reserve, for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous devotion to duty while serving as a Machine Gunner of the Eleventh Machine Gun Squad, Company H, Second Battalion, First Marines, First Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese armed forces at the Tenaru River, Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, on 21 August 1942. Lacking the protection of riflemen, Private Schmid's machine gun squad was forced to tear down its frontal protection to meet the oncoming strong Japanese landing force. In spite of tremendous difficulties, the enemy attack was courageously met and repulsed by fierce and determined fighting during which Private Schmid was seriously wounded. His personal valor and loyal devotion to duty contributed to the defeat of the enemy.[7]

Post World War II

[edit]

Schmid married Ruth Hartley on April 4, 1943. They had a son, Al Schmid, Jr., in June 1944. Schmid spoke at war bond rallies across the nation before being honorably discharged from the Marine Corps on December 9, 1944. He remained in the public's eye throughout the war largely through Roger Butterfield's book, Al Schmid, Marine and the Warner Bros.' film released in August 1945, Pride of the Marines.

In June 1946, Schmid was named Father of the Year in Pennsylvania, and the Democratic Party nominated Schmid as a candidate for the Pennsylvania Secretary of Internal Affairs, but he lost the election.[8]

Schmid eventually recovered partial sight in one eye, but problems with his leg during the cold winters led him to retire in 1957 and move to St. Petersburg, Florida, with his wife and two sons.

Al Schmid died of bone cancer on December 1, 1982. On December 6, he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. His wife Ruth was also buried in Arlington National Cemetery, on September 12, 2002 (died August 15, 2002).

Notes

[edit]
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Al Schmid

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
Albert Andrew "Al" Schmid (October 20, 1920 – December 1, 1982) was a sergeant renowned for his heroism during the Battle of Guadalcanal in , where he manned a for over four hours after being blinded by a , reportedly killing approximately 200 Japanese soldiers and earning the . Born in the Burholme neighborhood of , , to Adolph and Helen Schmid, Al grew up in a working-class family and took on odd jobs after his mother's early death, eventually becoming an apprentice steel burner at the Dodge Steel Company by 1940. There, he met Ruth "Babs" Hartley, a salesgirl at , with whom he began a romance that would later become central to his life. Inspired by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Schmid enlisted in the Marine Corps on , 1941, and underwent training at , before being assigned to the 11th Machine Gun Squad, Company H, , . By August 1942, he had deployed to as part of the first major U.S. offensive in the Pacific theater. On the night of August 21, 1942, during the at the Ilu River—also known as Hell's Point—Schmid and his crew, including Leroy Diamond and John Rivers, defended a position against a massive Japanese assault involving over 900 troops. Despite sustaining severe injuries, including blindness from shrapnel that also scarred his face and hands, Schmid refused to abandon his post, directing Diamond in firing the .30-caliber and continuing the fight until dawn, which helped repel the attack. Rivers was killed in the action, while Schmid and Diamond survived, with Schmid evacuated for medical treatment. For his extraordinary valor, Schmid was awarded the on February 18, 1943, at the Navy Yard by A.E. Randall in a ceremony attended by his family. The award received national media attention, and Schmid was later commended by President and the in . He also received , along with the , Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, and . Schmid married Ruth Hartley in April 1943 while recovering, and their son, Albert Jr., was born in June 1944; he was honorably discharged on December 9, 1944. The couple relocated to , where Schmid adapted to civilian life despite his disabilities, pursuing hobbies such as ham radio operation, organ playing, and fishing, and reportedly regaining partial vision over time. Schmid's story inspired the 1945 Warner Bros. film Pride of the Marines, directed by and starring as Schmid, based on Roger Butterfield's book Al Schmid, Marine, which highlighted his resilience and adjustment to blindness. He died of bone cancer on December 1, 1982, at age 62, and was buried with full military honors at on December 6.

Early life

Childhood and family

Albert Andrew Schmid was born on October 20, 1920, in the neighborhood of , , to German immigrant parents Adolph and Marian Greenwald Schmid. He was the third of four children in a working-class family, with his father employed as a for Hornung's at 22nd and Clearfield streets, providing steady work during the early years of the . In 1924, the family relocated to the Burholme neighborhood in , where Al spent much of his formative years in a close-knit, blue-collar community. As a , Schmid was known as a cheerful, freckle-faced boy who embodied the spirit of his neighborhood through his playful and mischievous nature. He earned a reputation as the at school, often engaging in pranks and friendly scraps with peers, though he was not a particularly strong academically. From around age 10, he demonstrated early skill as an excellent with a , honing a talent that would later prove pivotal in his military service, while also enjoying typical boyhood activities in the local environment. Schmid's family life underwent significant changes during his . When he was 12 years old, in 1932, his mother died suddenly from an illness, leaving the family disrupted. Two years later, in 1934, his father remarried, but the new did not integrate well into the household dynamics, contributing to tensions. At age 15, Schmid left home to take a job at a camp in , marking his early independence as he began working odd jobs and farm labor to support himself.

Employment and engagement

In 1940, at the age of 20, Al Schmid secured an apprenticeship as a steel burner at the Dodge Steel Company in Philadelphia's Tacony neighborhood, a major industrial facility focused on components. This skilled but perilous trade required him to wield an oxy-acetylene torch to slice through thick plates, exposing him to extreme heat, flying sparks, and the risk of burns from molten edges. Earning roughly $27 per week—equivalent to about $33,000 annually in 2025 dollars—Schmid's role exemplified the grueling, low-wage labor that sustained Philadelphia's working-class families amid the lingering economic hardships of the , which had left unemployment rates above 15% in the city by 1940 despite gradual recovery. Having moved out from his family home around 1938 to gain independence, Schmid rented a room in the modest row house of his co-worker, Jim Merchant, and Merchant's wife, Ella Mae, on Tulip Street near the Tacony-Palmyra Bridge, a common arrangement for young workers unable to afford separate housing in the tight-knit, blue-collar neighborhoods of . It was through the Merchants that Schmid met Ruth Hartley in late 1940; she was a friend of Ella Mae's and worked as a salesgirl at the local Roebuck department store. Their courtship quickly deepened, with Schmid affectionately nicknaming her "Babs," and the couple enjoyed simple outings like together. By the summer of 1941, buoyed by a bonus from his steelwork, Schmid proposed marriage and purchased an for Ruth, envisioning a future together in their working-class community. Their wedding plans, however, were abruptly halted by the Japanese on December 7, 1941, which shifted Schmid's focus toward military service and postponed their union until after the war.

World War II

Enlistment and preparation

Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Albert Andrew Schmid, an apprentice steel burner at Dodge Steel in , enlisted in the United States Marine Corps on December 9, motivated by a strong sense of patriotism in response to the nation's entry into . Schmid departed on January 5, 1942, and completed recruit training at Marine Corps Recruit Depot , where he endured intense physical conditioning designed to build endurance, discipline, and combat readiness, alongside essential marksmanship instruction. After basic training, Schmid was assigned to Company H, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, , specifically to the 11th Machine Gun Squad, where he trained on the water-cooled as an assistant machine gunner. His crew included Leroy Diamond as the gunner and John Rivers as the assistant, with the team practicing coordinated operation of the heavy .30-caliber weapon to ensure effective fire support in combat scenarios. In preparation for deployment, the conducted final exercises before shipping out to the Pacific theater in July 1942; Schmid's unit landed on on August 7, 1942, marking the first major U.S. offensive against Japanese forces in the .

Battle of Guadalcanal

The , occurring on the night of August 20–21, 1942, represented the first major Japanese ground counterattack during the , aimed at dislodging U.S. Marines from their perimeter around the captured airfield. Approximately 900 troops of Colonel Kiyono Ichiki's elite detachment advanced toward the Marine lines at the mouth of the Ilu River—mislabeled as the Tenaru or Alligator Creek on U.S. maps—intending a swift across a narrow sandbar to overwhelm the defenders. Private Al Schmid's squad held a vital flank position at this river mouth, dubbed "Hell's Point," where the terrain funneled the enemy into a , contributing to the overall Marine defensive strategy that integrated rifle fire, s, and 37mm anti-tank guns loaded with . As part of the 11th Machine Gun Squad, Company H, 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines, 1st Marine Division, Schmid functioned primarily as the loader for Corporal Leroy Diamond's .30-caliber water-cooled machine gun, with Private First Class John Rivers providing additional support by spotting targets and handling ammunition. Their emplacement, constructed from sandbags, coconut logs, and camouflaged with palm fronds amid the dense jungle undergrowth, overlooked the 50-yard-wide river crossing and was positioned to cover the exposed sandbar. When the Japanese assault commenced around 1:30 a.m., the squad unleashed sustained bursts into the advancing waves, compensating for the absence of nearby riflemen by exposing their position to maximize fire coverage. The engagement unfolded under harsh environmental conditions, including pitch-black nighttime amplified only by the eerie glow of Japanese and Marine flares, thick jungle humidity, and the Marines' accumulated exhaustion from nearly two weeks of grueling operations since the August 7 landings. Schmid's team fired continuously for over four hours, expending multiple 300-round belts of ammunition in disciplined bursts to prevent overheating, while enemy rifle fire and snipers from nearby trees whizzed overhead. As the assault intensified with repeated charges, the crew transitioned to grenades for close-range defense when belts ran low, maintaining their output amid the chaos until the Japanese force broke. Their relentless fire accounted for an estimated 200 enemy dead within direct range, bolstering the broader Marine repulsion that inflicted nearly 800 total Japanese casualties and secured the perimeter.

Injuries sustained

During the night of August 21, 1942, while defending the perimeter of Henderson Field on , a Japanese threw a into the emplacement manned by Schmid and his crew, causing it to explode and shatter fragments into his face. The blast instantly destroyed his left eye and severely damaged his right eye, rendering him completely blind, while shrapnel also embedded in his left shoulder, arm, and hand. Despite the immediate loss of vision and intense pain—and after Rivers was killed and wounded—Schmid demonstrated remarkable resilience by continuing to fight, loading ammunition by touch and firing the .30-caliber , guided by the sounds of approaching forces. He and his crew persisted in manning the .30-caliber for over four hours until they were finally relieved by reinforcements. The gun crew was credited with approximately 200 Japanese kills during the assault. Schmid's comrades carried him on a blanket to a nearby aid station for initial treatment on Guadalcanal, where corpsmen staunched his bleeding wounds. By early September 1942, he was evacuated stateside and arrived at the San Diego Naval Hospital for further care. Medical examinations there confirmed permanent blindness in his left eye, with the right eye suffering severe, potentially irreparable damage, alongside ongoing pain from the shrapnel wounds in his limbs.

Awards

The Navy Cross, the second-highest U.S. military decoration for valor after the , recognizes extraordinary heroism in combat against an enemy force. It is awarded for actions that involve great personal risk and go beyond the call of duty, as demonstrated by Private Al Schmid during the River on , , on August 21, 1942. Schmid's citation, approved by President , reads as follows:
The of America takes pleasure in presenting the to Private Albert Andrew Schmid (MCSN: 350951), , for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous devotion to duty while serving as a ner of the Eleventh Squad, H, Second Battalion, First Marines, FIRST Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese armed forces at the , , [Solomon Islands](/page/Solomon Islands), on 21 August 1942. Lacking the protection of riflemen, Private Schmid's machine gun squad was forced to tear down its frontal protection to meet the oncoming strong Japanese landing force. In spite of tremendous difficulties, the enemy attack was courageously met and repulsed by fierce and determined fighting during which Private Schmid was seriously wounded. His personal valor and loyal devotion to duty contributed to the defeat of the enemy.
The award highlighted Schmid's extraordinary heroism in sustaining fire from his machine gun position despite severe wounds, including blindness from grenade shrapnel, with his comrades crediting him with killing over 200 Japanese attackers during the night-long defense. The was presented to Schmid on February 18, 1943, at the Navy Yard by A. E. Randall, in a ceremony attended by approximately 100 and Rear Admiral Milo F. Draemel. Schmid's crewmates, Corporal LeRoy Diamond and Private First Class John Rivers, received identical awards for their shared defense of the position against the Japanese assault. Additionally, Schmid was awarded for the shrapnel wounds to his face and eyes sustained in the action.

Other honors

Upon returning to in early 1943, Schmid was celebrated as a local hero with a grand welcome home parade on April 10, 1943, drawing an estimated 100,000 spectators along the route to Reyburn Plaza. The event featured marching units from the Army, Navy, , and , along with city officials, and culminated in Schmid receiving the inaugural Philadelphia Inquirer Hero Award—a for valor and a $1,000 cash prize—presented amid cheers from the crowd. In addition to the parade, Schmid was granted the key to the city of as a civic tribute to his bravery. He also received the , the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, and the . Schmid's story garnered extensive media attention in 1943, with newspaper articles in outlets like and the depicting him as an emblem of American determination and endurance amid wartime hardships. This coverage extended his profile as a morale-boosting figure for the . To further share his experiences and inspire the public, Schmid co-authored the 1944 book Al Schmid, Marine with journalist Roger Butterfield, a firsthand narrative of his actions aimed at uplifting national spirits during the war.

Postwar life

Marriage and blindness recovery

Upon returning to the , Al Schmid married his fiancée Ruth "Babs" Hartley on April 4, 1943, at . The ceremony occurred shortly before medical evaluations confirmed the extent of his vision loss, with the couple initially living on Fillmore Street in . Schmid received initial treatment for his eye injuries at the Naval Hospital in the fall of 1942, where he underwent numerous surgeries on his face and eyes. He was later transferred to the Naval Hospital in in , entering a specialized rehabilitation program for blinded veterans that treated 157 bilaterally blind patients between and November 1945. Through these interventions, including additional operations, Schmid regained partial vision in one eye but remained legally blind overall. His rehabilitation was significantly aided by Virginia Pfeiffer, a Red Cross worker at the hospital, who provided emotional support and guidance during the process. As part of his adaptation, Schmid learned and received mobility training using a cane to navigate independently. He faced substantial psychological challenges, including depression and struggles with dependency, often feeling isolated and repulsed by his facial scars; in a postwar reflection, he stated, "When I came back I was the most disgusted man you ever saw." These difficulties tested his mental resilience, as he grappled with fears of losing his amid the transition to life. In June 1944, Schmid and Hartley welcomed their son, Albert Andrew Schmid Jr., whose arrival offered emotional motivation amid the ongoing recovery efforts.

Career and relocation

Following his honorable discharge from the Marine Corps on December 9, 1944, Al Schmid returned to , where he had grown up, and began rebuilding his life after his wartime injuries. Despite being initially blinded in both eyes from shrapnel during the Battle of Guadalcanal, Schmid adapted through rehabilitation at the Naval Hospital, eventually regaining partial vision in one eye, which allowed him to pursue employment. He started as a parts assembler at the Philadelphia Metal Stamping Company, where workplace accommodations enabled him to perform his duties effectively despite his . Over the years, his dedication led to a promotion to supervisor by the early 1950s, demonstrating his ability to advance in an industrial setting while managing his disabilities. Schmid and his wife, Ruth, whom he had married in 1943, focused on creating a stable family environment in the Mayfair neighborhood of , a residential . Their son, Al Jr., born in , was raised there, emphasizing normalcy and routine amid Schmid's ongoing challenges with blindness and leg injuries. The family maintained a close-knit , with Ruth providing essential support as Schmid balanced work, engagements for veterans' causes, and home life, prioritizing resilience and everyday achievements over his heroic past. In 1957, complications from Schmid's leg wounds prompted the family to relocate to , to be near the Bay Pines Veterans Hospital for better medical care in a warmer climate. At age 37, he retired from his position at the Metal Stamping Company, using earnings from his advisory role in the 1945 film to support the move and early retirement, allowing him to focus on family and personal hobbies like and playing the organ.

Legacy

Film adaptation

Pride of the Marines is a 1945 American biographical war film directed by and produced by . The movie stars in the lead role as Al Schmid, with portraying his fiancée and later wife Ruth Hartley, and as his fellow Marine Lee Diamond. Released on September 1, 1945, following a New York premiere the week of August 24, the film chronicles Schmid's heroism at the Battle of , his subsequent blindness, and his postwar adjustment to civilian life. The screenplay by and Marvin Borowsky was adapted from the 1944 book Al Schmid, Marine by Roger Butterfield, which detailed Schmid's wartime experiences. To ensure authenticity, producer consulted directly with Schmid, who visited the location shooting and advised on details of his personal story. occurred from mid-November 1944 to mid-February 1945, with scenes filmed on location in and at the Naval Hospital to realistically depict Schmid's rehabilitation. The production emphasized themes of American resilience, portraying Schmid's journey from a carefree to a decorated grappling with . Critics lauded the film for its honest and unsentimental depiction of blindness and veteran reintegration, with Garfield's performance highlighting Schmid's emotional turmoil and determination. of praised its straightforward narrative of heroism without exaggeration, noting its effectiveness in addressing the realities of war injuries. The movie was a commercial success at the box office and earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay. It contributed to greater public awareness of the struggles faced by blinded veterans, portraying rehabilitation not as pity but as a testament to human spirit. Schmid himself attended the world premiere in his hometown of at the Mastbaum Theatre, where he was honored as a local hero. Although grounded in Schmid's real experiences, the film dramatizes certain aspects for cinematic effect, including an intensified romance between Al and Ruth that unfolds more dramatically than in and heightened battle sequences to underscore the intensity of the Guadalcanal fighting. Core events, such as Schmid's defense of the machine-gun position and his partial recovery of vision through , remain faithful to his life story.

Commemoration

In his later years after relocating to in 1957, Schmid pursued hobbies such as organ-playing, ham radio operation, and , enabled by the partial eyesight he regained in his remaining eye, which allowed him to engage in these independent activities. Schmid died on December 1, 1982, at the age of 62 from bone cancer in , and was buried with full military honors at . Posthumously, Schmid has been featured in veteran histories and reflections, such as those in a 1996 HistoryNet article recounting his experiences, as well as in modern commemorations, where he is honored as a symbol of perseverance. In November 2025, State Representative Jared Solomon dedicated a commemorative bell in honor of Schmid as part of America250PA initiatives. His legacy has inspired programs for blinded veterans, including Navy Medicine's World War II rehabilitation efforts that highlighted his story to aid others facing similar injuries, and he remains remembered in Marine Corps lore for his pivotal role in the Guadalcanal defense.

References

  1. https://www.military.com/history/sgt-albert-a-schmid.html
  2. https://www.historynet.com/marine-sergeant-al-schmid-guadalcanal/
  3. https://navylog.navymemorial.org/schmid-albert
  4. https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/bloody-encounter-at-hells-point-the-story-of-al-schmid/
  5. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5933/albert-schmid
  6. https://nwlocalpaper.com/veterans-day-spotlight-al-schmid
  7. https://digitalhistory.hsp.org/bnktr/essay/philadelphia-and-great-depression-1929-1941
  8. https://www.wearethemighty.com/mighty-history/this-marine-stayed-at-his-machine-gun-after-taking-a-grenade-to-the-face/
  9. https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/First%20Offensive%20-%20The%20Marine%20Campaign%20For%20Guadalcanal.pdf?ver=CKmiKfuEl8al1PqHFgagDw%3D%3D
  10. https://www.thecannatareport.com/articles/al-schmid-guadalcanal-marine/
  11. https://www.tracesofwar.com/awards/235/Navy-Cross.htm?show=recipient&id=33219
  12. https://www.nytimes.com/1943/02/26/archives/marine-private-schmid-gets-navy-cross-for-lone-holding-of.html
  13. https://www.nytimes.com/1943/04/11/archives/philadelphia-honors-its-solomons-hero-sergeant-schmid-of-the.html
  14. https://www.nytimes.com/1943/04/05/archives/sergeant-schmid-weds-marine-who-hurt-eyes-slaying-200-japanese.html
  15. https://www.facebook.com/oldimagesofphiladelphia/posts/al-schmid-was-a-philadelphia-born-marine-who-won-the-navy-cross-for-his-heroism-/10201324083077196/
  16. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Story_Of_Sgt._Schmid_And_Navy_Medicine%25E2%2580%2599s_Rehabilitation_Of_The_Blind_In_World_War_II_%28IA_TheStoryOfSgt.SchmidAndNavyMedicinesRehabilitationOfTheBlindInWorldWarII%29.pdf
  17. https://www.warhistoryonline.com/world-war-ii/al-schmid.html
  18. https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/24536
  19. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0038000/
  20. https://archive.org/download/pressbook-wb-pride-of-the-marines/pressbook-wb-pride-of-the-marines.pdf
  21. https://variety.com/1944/film/reviews/pride-of-the-marines-1200414478/
  22. https://www.nytimes.com/1945/08/25/archives/the-screen-pride-of-the-marines-based-on-war-career-of-al-schmid-in.html
  23. https://www.nytimes.com/1945/09/02/archives/films-about-veterans-pride-of-the-mariages-a-fine-example-of-a.html
  24. https://www.tvguide.com/movies/pride-of-the-marines/cast/2030121987/
  25. https://www.pahouse.com/Solomon/Video/?id=141045
  26. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/The_Story_Of_Sgt._Schmid_And_Navy_Medicine%25E2%2580%2599s_Rehabilitation_Of_The_Blind_In_World_War_II_%2528IA_TheStoryOfSgt.SchmidAndNavyMedicinesRehabilitationOfTheBlindInWorldWarII%2529.pdf
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