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Beppyo shrine
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A Beppyō shrine (Beppyō Jinja (別表神社)) is a category of Shinto shrine, as defined by the Association of Shinto Shrines.[1] They are considered to be remarkable in some way, and thus given a higher status than other shrines.[2] It is considered the successor to the more detailed modern system of ranked Shinto shrines.
Overview
[edit]With the abolition of the state administration of shrines on February 2, 1946, the official system of shrine rankings (modern shrine rankings system) was abolished, and another system was established in 1948 to replace it. After the abolition of the shrine rating system, all shrines were considered to be on an equal footing (except for Ise Shrine). However, since it would be inconvenient to treat the former official national shrines and some of the larger shrines in the same way as ordinary shrines with regard to the advancement and retirement of Shinto priests, the "Regulations Concerning the Advancement and Retirement of Officials and Employees" stipulate that special treatment be given to them. Since these shrines are listed in the Beppyō of the regulations, they are called "Beppyō Shrines".[1]
The Beppyō shrine will be given special treatment in terms of personnel, as follows:
- If a certain level of standards are met, a gonin priest is allowed to be appointed under a priest.
- Guji and Guji[clarification needed] are not appointed unless they have a rank above the Ming floor (at a general shrine, they are above the Gonjo floor).
- Only those who have a rank above the front floor can be appointed (at a general shrine, the floor is above the direct floor).
- Gonjoi is appointed only to those who have a rank above the right floor (at a general shrine, it is above the direct floor).
- The status of the priest / Guji priest during his tenure is special grade, and those other than the first and second grades are second grade.
- Appointment and dismissal of priests and priests is not a matter of mandate of the director of the shrine of each prefecture (direct appointment and dismissal of the governing of the Association of Shinto Shrines)
In 1951, the Association of Shinto Shrines issued a notice titled "Selection of Shrines for Beppyō", which outlined the criteria for selecting shrines other than those listed in the government's Beppyō shrine list. The criteria were as follows:
- History
- Status of facilities related to the shrine, such as shrine buildings and precincts
- Number of full-time priests
- Economic situation in the last three years
- Activities of the shrine
- Number and distribution of Ujiko worshippers
As a result of this provision, the number of Beppyō shrines, mainly former prefectural shrines and Protectorate Shrines designated by the Minister of Home Affairs, has gradually increased to 353 as of 2006.
Beppyō shrine is not a rating of shrines, like the rating of a shrine, but a distinction that concerns only the personnel of the Shinto priests. However, the shrines listed in Beppyō are relatively large in terms of the number of shrines, precincts, and priests, and are generally regarded as a kind of rating. In addition, Ise Jingu is not included in the Beppyō shrine as a separate shrine, and the Grand Priest of Jingu is appointed and dismissed by the Imperial Court according to the "Jingu Rules", which gives it special treatment.
List of Beppyō shrines
[edit]Non-Beppyō shrines
[edit]The following shrines are not Beppyō shrines because they do not have a comprehensive relationship with the Association of Shinto Shrines. Those whose "Year of termination of umbrella relationship" is 1946 are those that have not been in umbrella relationship with the Association of Shinto Shrines since its establishment in 1946.
| name | Settlement | In the formula | Modern system of ranked Shinto Shrines | Other shrines | Year of elimination of inclusive relationship |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fushimi Inari-taisha | Kyoto Prefecture Kyoto Fushimi-ku, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha (名神) | Kanpei-taisha (官大) | Twenty-Two Shrines | 1946 |
| Hinokuma Shrine | Wakayama Prefecture Wakayama (city) | Myojin Taisha (名神) | Kanpei-taisha (官大) | Kii Province Ichinomiya | 1946 |
| Umenomiya Shrine | Ukyō-ku, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha (名神) | Kanpei-chūsha (官中) | Twenty-Two Shrines | 1946 |
| Kamakura-gū | Kanagawa Prefecture Kamakura | － | Kanpei-chūsha (官中) | ||
| Yasukuni Shrine | Chiyoda, Tokyo | － | Bekkaku kanpeisha (別官) | Chokusaisha | 1946 |
| Yamauchi Shrine | Kōchi Prefecture Kōchi (city) | － | Bekkaku kanpeisha (別官) | ||
| Nikkō Tōshō-gū | Nikkō | － | Bekkaku kanpeisha (別官) | 1985 | |
| Nashinoki Shrine | Kamigyō-ku | － | Bekkaku kanpeisha (別官) | 2013 | |
| Keta Taisha | Ishikawa Prefecture Hakui, Ishikawa | Myojin Taisha (名神) | Kokuhei Taisha (国大) | Noto Province Ichinomiya | 2005[a] |
| Izumo-daijingū | Kameoka, Kyoto | Myojin Taisha (名神) | Kokuhei Chūsha (国中) | Tanba Province Ichinomiya | 1946 |
| Kenkun Shrine | Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture | － | Bekkaku kanpeisha (別官) | 2019 | |
| Kotohira-gū | Nakatado District, Kagawa Kotohira, Kagawa | － | Kokuhei Chūsha (国中) | 2020 |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "別表神社とは？御朱印めぐりに参考になる「別表神社一覧」とマップ | 開運戦隊 御朱印ジャー". jinja-gosyuin.com. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ "別表神社とは何？ Weblio辞書". www.weblio.jp. Retrieved 2022-02-27.
- ^ Hiroshi Inoue, "Medieval Japan and the Ichinomiya System of Countries" (Medieval History Research Series 16) Iwata Shoin, 2009, p. 55.
Annotations
[edit]- ^ The year when it was resolved to change the rules of the shrine to withdraw from the Association of Shinto Shrines. Disputed over withdrawal, confirmed by 2010 Supreme Court decision