Bleeding or flushing is shiny, black surface film of asphalt on the road surface caused by upward movement of asphalt in the pavement surface.^[1][2][3] Common causes of bleeding are too much asphalt in asphalt concrete, hot weather, low space air void content and quality of asphalt.^[4] Bleeding is a safety concern since it results in a very smooth surface, without the texture required to prevent hydroplaning. Road performance measures such as IRI cannot capture the existence of bleeding as it does not increase the surface roughness.^[2] But other performance measures such as PCI do include bleeding.^[2][5]

1. ^ "Bleeding - Pavement Interactive".
2. ^ ^{a b c} Piryonesi, Sayed Madeh (November 2019). Piryonesi, S. M. (2019). The Application of Data Analytics to Asset Management: Deterioration and Climate Change Adaptation in Ontario Roads (Doctoral dissertation) (Thesis).
3. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2014-01-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
4. ^ "9.7 Pavement Evaluation - Flexible Pavement Distress". Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-09-14.
5. ^ Piryonesi S. Madeh; El-Diraby Tamer E. (2020-06-01). "Role of Data Analytics in Infrastructure Asset Management: Overcoming Data Size and Quality Problems". Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements. 146 (2): 04020022. doi:10.1061/JPEODX.0000175. S2CID 216485629.

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